CN109428358B - Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device - Google Patents
Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109428358B CN109428358B CN201710776131.2A CN201710776131A CN109428358B CN 109428358 B CN109428358 B CN 109428358B CN 201710776131 A CN201710776131 A CN 201710776131A CN 109428358 B CN109428358 B CN 109428358B
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a battery equalization method, a system, a vehicle, a storage medium, and an electronic device, the method comprising: acquiring the internal resistance value of a single battery to be balanced in the battery pack; acquiring a reference internal resistance value required by balance; determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value; and balancing the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration. The target equalization time length based on the equalization process is calculated according to the difference value between the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value, so that the equalization process is more accurate, and the situation that the equalization time length is too long or too short is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of control technologies, and in particular, to a battery equalization method, a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a storage medium, and an electronic device.
Background
A large capacity battery that provides power energy for an electric vehicle is often referred to as a power cell. The vehicle power battery is generally formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series to form a module. With the use of batteries, the difference between the single batteries is gradually enlarged, the consistency between the single batteries is poor, the capacity of the battery pack is limited due to the short plate effect of the batteries, the capacity of the battery pack cannot be fully exerted, and the whole capacity of the battery pack is reduced. On the other hand, the gradual expansion of the difference between the single batteries may cause overcharge of some single batteries, over-discharge of some single batteries, affect the service life of the batteries, damage the batteries, and generate a large amount of heat to cause combustion or explosion of the batteries.
Therefore, the method has very important significance for effectively and uniformly managing the power batteries of the electric automobile, being beneficial to improving the consistency of the batteries in the battery pack, reducing the capacity loss of the batteries, and prolonging the service life of the batteries and the driving range of the electric automobile.
At present, balancing management is performed on a battery pack, battery information of each single battery in the battery pack is usually acquired in real time, whether the single battery needs balancing or not is determined according to the acquired battery information, and when the single battery needs balancing, the single battery needing balancing is balanced. In the process of balancing the single batteries, if the balancing time of the single batteries is too long, the inconsistency of each single battery in the battery pack where the single batteries are located is increased, and the balancing efficiency is low; if the equalization time of the single battery is too short, the equalization effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, how to accurately determine the balancing time of the single battery needing balancing is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium, and electronic device to optimize a battery equalization process.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery equalization method, including:
acquiring the internal resistance value of a single battery to be balanced in the battery pack;
acquiring a reference internal resistance value required by balance;
determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value;
and balancing the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery equalization system, including:
a balancing module, an acquisition module and a control module,
the acquisition module is used for: acquiring the internal resistance value of a single battery to be balanced in the battery pack;
the control module is used for: acquiring a reference internal resistance value required by balancing, and determining the target balancing duration of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the reference internal resistance value;
the equalization module is configured to: and balancing the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium according to a third aspect of the disclosure; and
one or more processors to execute the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
A fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle including: a battery pack and a battery equalization system according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.
Through the technical scheme, the target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to the internal resistance value and the reference internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack, and then the single battery to be equalized is equalized according to the determined target equalization time length. The target equalization time length based on the equalization process is calculated according to the difference value between the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value, so that the equalization process is more accurate, and the situation that the equalization time length is too long or too short is avoided.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation of the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single batteries share one equalization module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system of another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single batteries share one equalization module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 6 is an open circuit voltage OCV-remaining capacity SOC curve of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery internal resistance model according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. This battery equalizing system includes: the system comprises a control module 101, an acquisition module 102, an equalization module 103 and a battery pack 104.
In one embodiment, each single battery corresponds to one acquisition module 102 and one equalization module 103. The acquisition module 102 and the equalization module 103 corresponding to the same single battery are respectively connected with the control module 101 through different control channels. The control module can comprise a control chip, the control chip is respectively connected with the acquisition module and the balance module corresponding to the same single battery through two pins, and the two pins correspond to the two channels one by one.
In this embodiment, the control module 101 controls the acquisition module 102 and the equalization module 103 to conduct in a time-sharing manner according to a unit cycle, and respectively performs acquisition of battery information and equalization of a battery, so that the acquisition of the battery information and the equalization are performed in a time-sharing manner. The influence of the equalizing current on the accuracy of battery information acquisition is avoided when the battery information acquisition and the equalization are simultaneously carried out.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, each of the cells is connected to an acquisition module 102 and an equalization module 103, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single batteries, the number of the acquisition modules 102 is N, and the number of the equalization modules 103 is N, so that the control module 101 is connected to the N acquisition modules and the N equalization modules through 2 × N control channels, respectively.
In other embodiments, different cells may share an equalization module, for example, N cells in a battery pack, the same equalization module may be shared, or one equalization module may be shared for each predetermined number (e.g., 2, 3, or 5, etc.) of cells, and so on. When at least two single batteries in the multiple single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle.
Referring to fig. 2, two single batteries share one balancing module, and when two single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in a balancing period of a unit cycle. The alternate connection may be a connection that alternates according to a certain period. For example, referring to fig. 2, when the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to one of the two single batteries 111 is closed for 2s under the control of the control module 14, the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to the other of the two single batteries 111 is opened for 2s under the control of the control module 14. That is, the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to each of the two single batteries 111 is switched from the closed state to the open state or from the open state to the closed state every two seconds in the equalization period. Therefore, on the basis of time-sharing conduction of the acquisition module and the equalization module, the single batteries sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module during the equalization time period, and equalization is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery equalization system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
This battery equalizing system includes: a control module 301, an acquisition module 302, an equalization module 303, and a battery pack 304. The battery pack 304 includes a plurality of unit cells connected in series. The control module 301 is connected to the acquisition module 302 and the equalization module 303 corresponding to the same cell through a control channel 305. The control module is used for controlling the connection of the control module and the corresponding sampling module when the single battery connected with the control module is determined not to need balancing; or, the control module is further configured to time-division multiplex the channels 305 according to a unit cycle by the acquisition module and the equalization module when it is determined that the single battery connected to the control module needs to be equalized.
One unit period includes: an acquisition period and an equalization period. The control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to sample the battery information of the single battery in an acquisition time period to obtain the battery information of the single battery. The battery information includes at least one of: voltage, current, temperature, etc. In one embodiment, the battery information may include only the voltage value, and thus, the voltage performance parameter of the unit battery may be obtained. In another embodiment, the battery information may also include a voltage value, a current value, a temperature value, and the like, so as to obtain performance parameters such as SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, and the like of the single battery.
The control module 301 determines the single battery to be balanced, which needs to be balanced, according to the battery information of the single battery acquired by the acquisition module 302. For the single battery to be equalized which needs to be started, the control module 301 controls the equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized, and equalizes the single battery to be equalized in an equalization time period.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the same control channel is shared between the acquisition module and the balancing module, the control module controls the acquisition module and the balancing module, and the control channel is multiplexed in a time-sharing manner according to a unit period, so that the influence of balancing current on the accuracy of battery information acquisition is avoided when the battery information acquisition and the balancing are performed simultaneously; on the other hand, compared with the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the requirement on the number of channels of the control module chip is reduced, and the hardware cost can be saved.
In one embodiment, a switch K is disposed in a control channel shared by the acquisition module and the equalization module, and the control module 301 is connected to the switch K and is connected to the acquisition module 302 or the equalization module 303 in a time-sharing manner by controlling the switch K. When the switch K is connected with the acquisition module 302, the control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to acquire battery information of the single battery in an acquisition period; when the switch K is connected to the balancing module 303, the control module 301 controls the balancing module 303 to balance the corresponding single battery.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, each cell of the battery is connected to an acquisition module 302 and an equalization module 303, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single batteries, the number of the acquisition modules 302 is N, and the number of the equalization modules 303 is N, so that the control module 301 is connected to the acquisition modules and the equalization modules through N control channels.
In other embodiments, different single cells may share an equalization module, for example, N single cells in a battery pack, the same equalization module may be shared, or one equalization module may be shared for each predetermined number (for example, 2, 3, or 5, etc.) of single cells, and the like. When at least two single batteries in the multiple single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle.
Referring to fig. 4, an exemplary schematic diagram of two single batteries sharing one balancing module is shown. When two single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected with each single battery in the balancing time interval of the unit cycle. The alternate connection may be a connection that alternates according to a certain period. Therefore, on the basis of time-sharing conduction of the acquisition module and the equalization module, the single batteries sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module during the equalization time period, and equalization is realized.
In one embodiment, the collecting module may be a voltage collecting chip for collecting the voltage of the single battery during the collecting period.
Referring to fig. 5, based on the battery balancing system shown in any one of the embodiments of fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, or fig. 4, the battery balancing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
in step S51, the internal resistance values of the single batteries to be equalized in the battery pack are obtained;
in step S52, a reference internal resistance value required for equalization is acquired;
in step S53, determining a target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value;
in step S54, balancing the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration.
In one embodiment, the step S51 includes the following steps:
determining an initial voltage value and an initial current value of each single battery in the battery pack before the single battery enters a constant current working condition;
determining the voltage value and the current value of the single battery under the constant current working condition;
and determining the internal resistance value of the single battery as the ratio of the voltage difference value to the current difference value according to the voltage difference value between the initial voltage value and the voltage value of the single battery under the constant current working condition and the current difference value between the initial current value and the current value of the single battery under the constant current working condition.
Optionally, determining a voltage value and a current value of the single battery under a constant current working condition includes:
detecting whether the single battery enters a constant current working condition or not;
and after the single battery enters a constant-current working condition and the constant-current working condition lasts for a preset time, determining the voltage value and the current value of the single battery under the constant-current working condition.
Optionally, the detecting whether the single battery enters a constant current working condition includes:
collecting the current of a single battery in a given time period;
and when the current variation amplitude of the single battery in a given time period is smaller than a preset variation, determining that the single battery enters a constant current working condition.
In one embodiment, whether the single battery enters a constant-current working condition is detected firstly, and after the single battery enters the constant-current working condition and the constant-current working condition lasts for a preset time, the voltage value and the current value of the single battery under the constant-current working condition are determined.
In one embodiment, the current of the single battery in a given time period can be collected, and when the current change amplitude of the single battery in the given time period is smaller than a preset change amount, the single battery can be determined to enter a constant-current working condition.
And then, determining the internal resistance value of the single battery as the ratio of the voltage difference value to the current difference value according to the voltage difference value between the initial voltage value and the voltage value of the single battery under the constant current working condition and the current difference value between the initial current value and the current value of the single battery under the constant current working condition.
In one embodiment, the internal resistance value of the unit cell may be determined according to equation (1).
Wherein R is the internal resistance value of the single battery, V 0 Is the initial voltage value of the single battery before the single battery enters the constant current working condition, I 0 Is the initial current value, V, of the single battery before the single battery enters the constant current working condition n The voltage value of the single battery under the constant current working condition, I n And the current value of the single battery under the constant current working condition is obtained.
In step S52, a reference internal resistance value is determined according to the internal resistance values of the respective unit cells.
In one embodiment, the internal resistance value of any single battery in the battery pack may be used as the reference internal resistance value, for example, the internal resistance value of the 2 nd single battery in the battery pack may be used as the reference internal resistance value, or the internal resistance value of the single battery with the largest internal resistance value in the battery pack, or the internal resistance value of the single battery with the smallest internal resistance value in the battery pack, or the internal resistance value of the single battery with the internal resistance value arranged in the middle in the battery pack (for the case that the battery pack includes an odd number of single batteries).
In another embodiment, the reference internal resistance value may also be calculated according to internal resistance values of individual cells in the battery pack, for example: the average value of the internal resistance values of the individual cells in the battery pack, or the average value of the internal resistance values of the two cells in the battery pack, the internal resistance values of which are arranged at the middle (for the case where the battery pack includes an even number of individual cells).
After the single battery needing to be balanced is determined, the target balancing time length of the single battery needing to be balanced can be determined, and then the single battery needing to be balanced is balanced according to the determined target balancing time length. The target equalization duration is determined according to the internal resistance value of the single battery needing equalization and the reference internal resistance value.
Optionally, the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to the internal resistance value and the reference internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized, and there are two determination methods without limitation:
1) The first way of determining comprises the following steps:
determining a first SOC value corresponding to the reference internal resistance value according to the reference internal resistance value and an open-circuit voltage OCV-remaining capacity SOC curve of the battery pack; determining a second SOC value corresponding to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve; and determining the target equalization time length according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value.
Optionally, the determining, according to the reference internal resistance value and an open-circuit voltage OCV-remaining capacity SOC curve of the battery pack, a first SOC value corresponding to the reference internal resistance value includes: determining the single battery with the minimum difference between the internal resistance value and the reference internal resistance value in the battery pack as a reference battery; determining a reference OCV value of the reference battery according to the load voltage value of the reference battery and the internal resistance value of the reference battery; determining an SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value as the first SOC value according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve;
the determining a second SOC value corresponding to the load voltage value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve comprises the following steps: determining an OCV value of the single battery to be balanced according to the load voltage value of the single battery to be balanced and the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced; and determining the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the single battery to be balanced as the second SOC value according to the OCV-SOC curve.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the OCV-SOC curve is obtained through measurement. For example, for a certain single battery, in the process of changing the SOC value from 0 to 100%, the open circuit voltage OCV of the primary battery is measured at certain SOC intervals, and then the OCV and the SOC corresponding to each point are in one-to-one correspondence to form the SOC-OCV curve of the single battery. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an OCV-SOC curve of a unit cell.
The OCV value is an open circuit voltage value of the unit cell, and is different from a load voltage value. Referring to fig. 7 and equation (2), when the battery pack is in a discharging state or a charging state, the cell is equivalent to an ideal voltage source and is connected in series with the resistor R by using the internal resistance model of the cell. Then, for a single battery, the sampled voltage value V of the single battery can be obtained according to equation (2) L (i.e., load voltage value) to open circuit voltage value:
OCV＝V L +I×R (2)
wherein, V L The load voltage value collected by the collecting module in the collecting time period; i is the discharging current or the charging current collected by the collecting module in the collecting time period; and R is the internal resistance value of the single battery.
It should be understood that, when the open circuit voltage OCV is measured, the load voltage of the unit cell may be collected and then converted into the corresponding open circuit voltage OCV according to equation (2).
Or, in another embodiment, the voltage itself collected at the moment when the single battery to be equalized stops working and reaches a stable state, or the battery just starts working is an open-circuit voltage or can be approximately regarded as an open-circuit voltage, so that the OCV value of the single battery to be equalized can be directly collected in this case.
Alternatively, in another embodiment, the voltage acquired at the moment when the battery to be referenced stops operating and reaches a steady state, or the battery just starts operating is itself an open circuit voltage or can be approximately regarded as an open circuit voltage, so the OCV value of the reference battery can be directly acquired in this case.
Therefore, the first SOC value of the reference battery can be obtained according to the reference voltage value, the internal resistance value of the reference battery and the OCV-SOC curve corresponding to the reference battery. And acquiring a second SOC value of the single battery to be balanced according to the voltage value of the single battery to be balanced, the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve corresponding to the single battery to be balanced.
After obtaining the first SOC-value and the second SOC-value, performing the steps of:
as Δ Q = Δ SOC × C n Determining a difference in electrical quantities, where Δ Q is the difference in electrical quantities, Δ SOC is the difference in SOC between a first SOC value and a second SOC value, C n The available capacity of the single batteries to be balanced;
and determining a target equalization time length according to t = delta Q/I, wherein t is the target equalization time length, and I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized.
2) The second determination method includes the steps of:
and determining the target equalization time length of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value and the corresponding relation between the preset internal resistance difference value and the target equalization time length.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the correspondence between the internal resistance difference value and the target equalization time length is obtained through measurement. And after the internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the reference internal resistance value is obtained, inquiring the corresponding relation between the internal resistance difference value and the target balancing time length, and determining the target balancing time length.
And the reference internal resistance values are different, and the balancing process of the single batteries needing balancing is different. Hereinafter, the case where the reference internal resistance value is the minimum value, the maximum value, and the average value among the internal resistance values of the respective unit cells in the battery pack will be described.
1) Under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is the minimum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack, determining an internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of the at least one single battery and the reference internal resistance value required by the balance judgment comprises the following steps: determining an internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance values of the following single batteries and a reference internal resistance value required by the balance judgment:
and determining internal resistance difference values between the internal resistance values of the other single batteries except the single battery with the internal resistance value of the minimum value in the battery pack and the reference internal resistance value.
Correspondingly, after determining that the single battery needing to be balanced is the single battery with the internal resistance difference value larger than or equal to the balancing starting threshold value in the at least one single battery, the method further comprises the following steps: when the battery pack is in a charging process, controlling the single battery with the internal resistance difference value larger than or equal to the equalizing starting threshold value in the at least one single battery to discharge; and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, controlling the charging of the single battery of which the internal resistance difference value is greater than or equal to the equalizing starting threshold value in the at least one single battery.
Specifically, when the reference internal resistance value is the minimum value among the internal resistance values of the individual batteries in the battery pack, the difference between the reference internal resistance value and the internal resistance values of the individual batteries other than the individual battery with the minimum internal resistance value in the battery pack can be made, and it can be determined whether the individual batteries other than the individual battery with the minimum internal resistance value in the battery pack are the individual batteries that need to be balanced. The embodiment is a batch judgment mode, and can judge whether other single batteries except the single battery with the smallest internal resistance value in the battery pack are the single batteries needing to be balanced at one time.
Under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is the minimum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack, the process of balancing the single batteries needing to be balanced is as follows: considering that the battery with large internal resistance is seriously aged, and the voltage of the battery rises quickly in the charging process, when the battery pack is in the charging process, the battery pack discharges the single batteries needing to be balanced; considering that the battery with large internal resistance is seriously aged, the voltage of the battery is quickly reduced in the discharging process, and therefore, when the battery pack is in the discharging process, the single batteries needing to be balanced are charged.
2) In a case where the reference internal resistance value is a maximum value among internal resistance values of the individual batteries in the battery pack, determining an internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of the at least one individual battery and the reference internal resistance value required for the equalization determination includes: and determining internal resistance difference values between the internal resistance values of the other single batteries except the single battery with the maximum internal resistance value in the battery pack and the reference internal resistance value.
Specifically, in the case that the reference internal resistance value is the maximum value among the internal resistance values of the individual batteries in the battery pack, the difference between the reference internal resistance value and the internal resistance values of the individual batteries other than the individual battery with the largest internal resistance value in the battery pack may be made, so as to determine whether the individual batteries other than the individual battery with the largest internal resistance value in the battery pack are the individual batteries that need to be balanced. The embodiment is a batch judgment mode, and can judge whether other single batteries except the single battery with the largest internal resistance value in the battery pack are the single batteries needing to be balanced at one time.
Correspondingly, after determining that the single battery needing to be balanced is the single battery with the internal resistance difference value larger than or equal to the balancing starting threshold value in the at least one single battery, the method further comprises the following steps: when the battery pack is in a charging process, controlling the single battery of which the internal resistance difference value is greater than or equal to the equalization starting threshold value in the at least one single battery to be charged; and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, controlling the discharging of the single battery of which the internal resistance difference value is greater than or equal to the balance starting threshold value in the at least one single battery.
Under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is the maximum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack, the process of balancing the single batteries needing to be balanced is as follows: considering that the battery with large internal resistance is seriously aged and the voltage of the battery rises quickly in the charging process, the battery pack charges the single batteries needing to be balanced when in the charging process; considering that the battery with large internal resistance is seriously aged and the voltage thereof is rapidly reduced in the discharging process, the battery pack discharges the single batteries needing to be balanced when in the discharging process.
3) Under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is an average value of internal resistance values of all single batteries in the battery pack, determining an internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of the at least one single battery and the reference internal resistance value required by balance judgment comprises the following steps: and determining the internal resistance difference value between the internal resistance value of each single battery in the battery pack and the reference internal resistance value.
Correspondingly, after determining that the single battery needing to be balanced is the single battery with the internal resistance difference value larger than or equal to the balancing start threshold value in the at least one single battery, the method further comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack is in a charging process, controlling the single batteries with internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be balanced to charge, and controlling the single batteries with internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be balanced to discharge;
and when the battery pack is in a discharging process, controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be balanced to discharge, and controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be balanced to charge.
Specifically, under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is an average value of the internal resistance values of the individual batteries in the battery pack, the internal resistance value of each individual battery in the battery pack may be different from the reference internal resistance value, so as to determine whether each individual battery in the battery pack is an individual battery that needs to be balanced. The embodiment is a batch judgment mode, and can judge whether each single battery in the battery pack is a single battery needing to be balanced at one time.
Under the condition that the reference internal resistance value is the average value of the internal resistance values of all the single batteries in the battery pack, the process of balancing the single batteries needing to be balanced is as follows:
considering that the battery with large internal resistance is seriously aged, the voltage of the battery rises quickly in the charging process and the voltage of the battery drops quickly in the discharging process, so that when the battery pack is in the charging process, the battery pack charges the single battery with the internal resistance value smaller than the average internal resistance value in the single battery to be balanced and discharges the single battery with the internal resistance value larger than the average internal resistance value in the single battery to be balanced; similarly, when the battery pack is in the discharging process, the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average internal resistance value in the single batteries to be balanced are discharged, and the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average internal resistance value in the single batteries to be balanced are charged.
It should be understood that if it is determined that there is no single battery needing to be balanced, it is determined whether there is a single battery needing to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of at least one single battery in the battery pack. When it is determined that no single battery needs to be balanced, the control module does not act, so that the balancing module corresponding to any battery is not started.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module according to an embodiment of the disclosure. And controlling the single batteries to be balanced, wherein the balancing judgment needs to be combined. According to the step of equalization judgment, whether the equalization mode of the single battery to be equalized is passive equalization (namely, the single battery to be equalized is discharged) or active equalization (namely, the single battery to be equalized is charged) is determined, and the corresponding equalization module is conducted.
Referring to fig. 8, for passive equalization, the equalization module includes: and each single battery corresponds to one equalizing module, namely two ends of each single battery are connected with one resistor in parallel.
For the single battery to be balanced which needs to be passively balanced, the control module controls the conduction of a parallel loop between the single battery to be balanced and the corresponding resistor of the single battery to be balanced so as to execute the passive balancing of the single battery. Referring to fig. 8, the control module controls the switch module 812 to be turned on, so as to achieve the conduction of the parallel loop between the single battery to be balanced and the corresponding resistor.
Referring to fig. 8, for active equalization, the equalization module includes a charging branch 94 connected in parallel with each battery cell 95 in the battery pack, the charging branches 94 correspond to the battery cells 95 one by one, and each charging branch 94 is connected to the generator 92, and the generator 92 is mechanically connected to the engine 91 through a gear.
For the single battery to be equalized which needs to be actively equalized, the control module controls the charging branch 94 corresponding to the single battery to be equalized to be conducted. When the engine 91 rotates, the generator 92 is driven to generate electricity, so that the electricity generated by the generator 92 is transmitted to the single battery to be balanced, and the electricity of the single battery to be balanced is increased.
Referring to fig. 8, when the generator 92 is an alternator, the equalizing module further comprises a rectifier 93 connected in series with the generator 92, each charging branch 130 being connected in series with the rectifier 132. After the alternating current generated by the generator 92 is converted into direct current by the rectifier 93, the generator 92 can be used for charging the single battery to be equalized.
Referring to fig. 8, the control module may control the switch 96 corresponding to the single battery to be equalized to be turned on, so that the charging branch corresponding to the single battery to be equalized is turned on, and active equalization of the single battery to be equalized is performed.
In other embodiments, in addition to the charging of the single batteries by the generator shown in fig. 8, the single batteries to be equalized may also be charged by the starting battery in the entire vehicle.
In another embodiment, in addition to the parallel resistor and the single battery to be equalized shown in fig. 8, the single battery to be equalized may be connected in parallel with a starting battery of the whole vehicle, and the electric quantity discharged by the single battery to be equalized is charged into the starting battery, so that the equalization of the single battery to be equalized is realized while energy waste is effectively avoided.
As described above, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of single batteries may share one balancing module, and when at least two single batteries among a plurality of single batteries sharing one balancing module need to be balanced, the balancing module is alternately connected to each single battery among the at least two single batteries needing to be balanced, and the balancing module performs balancing respectively.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a vehicle, which comprises the battery equalization system.
Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, and the program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the above battery equalization method.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including: the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium; and one or more processors to execute the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
Claims (19)
1. A method of battery equalization, comprising:
acquiring the internal resistance value of a single battery to be balanced in the battery pack;
acquiring a reference internal resistance value required by balance;
determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value;
balancing the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration;
determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized and the reference internal resistance value, wherein the determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be equalized comprises the following steps:
determining a first SOC value corresponding to the reference internal resistance value according to the reference internal resistance value and an OCV-SOC curve of the battery pack;
determining a second SOC value corresponding to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve;
determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value;
wherein, according to the reference internal resistance value and the OCV-SOC curve of the battery pack, determining a first SOC value corresponding to the reference internal resistance value comprises:
determining the single battery with the minimum difference between the internal resistance value and the reference internal resistance value in the battery pack as a reference battery;
determining a reference OCV value of the reference battery according to the internal resistance value of the reference battery and the load voltage value of the reference battery;
determining an SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value as the first SOC value according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve;
the determining a second SOC value corresponding to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve comprises the following steps:
determining the OCV value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the load voltage value of the single battery to be balanced;
and determining the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the single battery to be balanced as the second SOC value according to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery to be balanced.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target equalization duration based on the first SOC value and the second SOC value comprises:
as Δ Q = Δ SOC × C n Determining a difference in electrical quantities, where Δ Q is the difference in electrical quantities, Δ SOC is a difference in SOC between the first and second SOC values, and C n The available capacity of the single battery to be balanced is obtained;
and determining the target equalization time length according to t = delta Q/I, wherein t is the target equalization time length, and I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining a reference internal resistance value required for equalization includes:
determining the minimum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the controlling the balancing of the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack is in the charging process, controlling the single batteries to be equalized to discharge according to the target equalization duration;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, controlling the charging of the single battery to be equalized according to the target equalization duration.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the reference internal resistance value required for equalization includes:
determining the maximum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the controlling the balancing of the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration includes:
when the battery pack is in the charging process, controlling the single battery to be equalized to be charged according to the target equalization duration;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, controlling the single batteries to be balanced to discharge according to the target balancing duration.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the reference internal resistance value required for equalization includes:
determining the average value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the controlling the balancing of the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack is in a charging process, according to the target equalization duration, controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized to be charged, and controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized to be discharged;
and when the battery pack is in a discharging process, controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized to discharge and controlling the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized to charge according to the target equalization duration.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, further comprising:
determining the single batteries to be balanced from the battery pack according to battery parameter information of each single battery in the battery pack, wherein the battery parameter information comprises at least one of an SOC value, a load voltage value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate and a time change rate, the voltage change rate is used for representing the change of the load voltage value of the single battery along with the change unit value of the physical quantity, the electric quantity change rate is the electric quantity required to be charged or discharged for enabling the load voltage value of the single battery to change by the unit value, and the time change rate is the charging duration or the discharging duration required for enabling the load voltage value of the single battery to change by the unit value.
7. A battery equalization system, comprising:
a balancing module, an acquisition module and a control module,
the acquisition module is used for: acquiring the internal resistance value of a single battery to be balanced in the battery pack;
the control module is used for: acquiring a reference internal resistance value required by balancing, and determining the target balancing duration of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the reference internal resistance value;
the equalization module is configured to: balancing the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration;
the control module is used for:
determining a first SOC value corresponding to the reference internal resistance value according to the reference internal resistance value and an OCV-SOC curve of the battery pack;
determining a second SOC value corresponding to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the OCV-SOC curve;
determining the target equalization duration according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value;
the control module is used for:
determining the single battery with the minimum difference between the internal resistance value and the reference internal resistance value in the battery pack as a reference battery;
determining a reference OCV value of the reference battery according to the internal resistance value of the reference battery and the load voltage value of the reference battery;
determining an SOC value corresponding to the reference OCV value as the first SOC value according to the reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve;
determining the OCV value of the single battery to be balanced according to the internal resistance value of the single battery to be balanced and the load voltage value of the single battery to be balanced;
and determining the SOC value corresponding to the OCV value of the single battery to be balanced as the second SOC value according to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery to be balanced.
8. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is configured to:
as Δ Q = Δ SOC × C n Determining a difference in electrical quantities, where Δ Q is the difference in electrical quantities, Δ SOC is a difference in SOC between the first and second SOC values, and C n The available capacity of the single battery to be balanced is obtained;
and determining the target equalization time length according to t = delta Q/I, wherein t is the target equalization time length, and I is the equalization current of the single battery to be equalized.
9. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is configured to:
determining the minimum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the equalization module is configured to:
when the battery pack is in the charging process, discharging the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, charging the single battery to be equalized according to the target equalization duration.
10. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is configured to:
determining the maximum value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the equalization module is configured to:
when the battery pack is in the charging process, controlling the single batteries to be equalized to be charged according to the target equalization duration;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging process, controlling the discharging of the single batteries to be balanced according to the target balancing duration.
11. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is configured to:
determining the average value of the internal resistance values of the single batteries in the battery pack as the reference internal resistance value;
the equalization module is configured to:
when the battery pack is in the charging process, charging the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized according to the target equalization duration, and discharging the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized;
and when the battery pack is in a discharging process, discharging the single batteries with the internal resistance values smaller than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized according to the target equalization duration, and charging the single batteries with the internal resistance values larger than the average value in the single batteries to be equalized.
12. The battery equalization system of any of claims 7-11, wherein the control module is configured to:
determining the single batteries to be balanced from the battery pack according to battery parameter information of each single battery in the battery pack, wherein the battery parameter information comprises at least one of an SOC value, a load voltage value, a self-discharge rate value, a voltage change rate, an electric quantity change rate and a time change rate, the voltage change rate is used for representing the change of the load voltage value of the single battery along with the change unit value of the physical quantity, the electric quantity change rate is the electric quantity required to be charged or discharged for enabling the load voltage value of the single battery to change by the unit value, and the time change rate is the charging duration or the discharging duration required for enabling the load voltage value of the single battery to change by the unit value.
13. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery through a channel, and the control module is configured to control the control module to be connected with the corresponding sampling module when it is determined that the single battery connected with the control module does not need equalization; or,
the control module is further used for multiplexing the channels in a time-sharing manner by the acquisition module and the balancing module when the single battery connected with the control module needs to be balanced.
14. The battery equalization system of claim 13, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, and the control chip is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through one pin and the one channel.
15. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control module is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through two channels.
16. The battery equalization system of claim 15, wherein the control module comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through two pins, and the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence with the two channels.
17. A computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, which program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
18. An electronic device, comprising:
the computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 17; and
one or more processors to execute the program in the computer-readable storage medium.
19. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle comprises: a battery pack and a battery equalization system as claimed in any of claims 7-16.
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| CN104577242B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-06-06 | 中智科创机器人有限公司 | A kind of batteries management system and method |
| CN105203969B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-04-13 | 南昌航空大学 | State-of-charge method of estimation based on modified RC battery models |
| CN105759213A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江安美科技有限公司 | Method for measuring storage battery residual capacity SOC |
| CN106026260B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-06-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of series winding battery pack SOC estimation method with equalizing circuit |
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| CN101312293A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-26 | 深圳市金一泰实业有限公司 | Power lithium battery intelligent management system |
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