CN109379187A - A fully quantum communication method based on hydrogen atoms - Google Patents
A fully quantum communication method based on hydrogen atoms Download PDFInfo
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
A kind of complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom, including Alice quantum communications module, Bob quantum communications module, information and key use quantum communication pattern and quantum channel, and communication process does not use classical channel；Quantum channel is equipped between Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module, Alice quantum communications module is connect with quantum channel, Bob quantum communications module carries out complete quantum communications；Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module can not only be used for sender and can also be used as recipient, quantum channel is able to carry out two-way quantum communication, the ability for preparing quantum key is all had, forms alphabet using 12 groups of different hydrogen atom quantum states orthogonal each other；Communicating pair usage amount subchannel transmission encryption information, and usage amount subchannel transmission quantum key.The present invention provides one kind without using classical channel, the complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom for completing quantum key, encryption information transmission by quantum channel completely, has higher safety, faster transmission speed, quantum information and the storage of quantum key, anti-quantum attacking ability stronger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer network, the communications field and quantum cryptography field, and in particular to a kind of based on hydrogen atom
Complete quantum communications method.
Background technique
With the fast development of Internet era, information communications applications are more and more extensive, Communication Security Problem also increasingly by
To attention.Now relatively common Encryption Algorithm is all cipher mode traditional, based on algorithm, such as des encryption or rsa encryption
The complexity dependent on mathematical algorithm is compared in system, the safety of these methods, by increase the methods of password digit cause through
Allusion quotation computer can not be completed to solve in finite time to improve communications security.But this cipher mode based on algorithm exists
After quantum calculation occurs, safety is by query.For example quantum computer can complete several hundred computers in several seconds
The calculating work of upper a century, values unification can easily crack des encryption system, and Shor algorithm can crack RSA and add
Dense body system.
Technique on Quantum Communication, such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement are had also appeared in recent years, significantly
Improve the safety of communication.In quantum communications, the distribution of quantum key is based on Heisenberg uncertainty principle and quantum state
Unclonable theorem can also measure whether have illegal wiretapping when distributing key, if there is extraneous listener-in attempts
Quantum message is measured in transmission process, will lead to the collapsing of quantum state, to be noticeable.
Current widely used quantum communications both at home and abroad mainly have following feature: entangling first is that carrying out quantum using photon
Operation, foremost several quantum cryptography agreements, such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement are twined using entangling
Twine photon pair；Second is that carrying out the communication of key first with quantum channel, the negotiation of key is carried out by classical channel again later
And whether find out with the presence of listener-in, available key is finally renegotiated out, and use classical transmission encryption information；Third is that
Orthogonal basis is fewer, for example BB84 agreement has used two sets of different orthogonal basis: with the linear polarization state of photon | 0 ° > with |
90 ° > (representing horizontal linear polarisation state and vertical linear polarisation state) and rotated polarization state | 45 ° > with | 135 ° >.This
A little Technique on Quantum Communication provide a kind of communication technology being theoretically perfectly safe.
Although current Technique on Quantum Communication has substantially increased the safety of communication, but still have it is some it is apparent not
Foot place.
Problem 1: current quantum communications scheme has used classical transmission encryption information, the safety of encryption information transmission
Property is not high.Classical channel is a kind of channel operated without using quantum entanglement, is chiefly used in after transmission Alice and Bob encryption
Information and in the negotiation for wherein carrying out key, such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement, as Alice and Bob
After the good key of classical channel negotiation, sender uses the encrypted information of classical transmission.However classical channel according to
Old there are many insecurity factors, easy to be eavesdropped.If listener-in obtains the key agreement mistake of both sides in classical channel
Journey and the encryption information of transmission, by quantum computer or quantum algorithm, or even can be imperceptible in communicating pair
In the case of encryption information is cracked.Common quantum algorithm can provide unprecedented search capability, such as Shor algorithm
Rsa encryption system can be cracked, Grover algorithm can crack des encryption system.Therefore, in face of traditional mixing quantum cryptography
Network and optical quantum communication system, listener-in can not need the quantum channel or quantum key of eavesdropping communicating pair completely, and
The cipher key agreement process and ciphertext that both sides are directly stolen using the concurrency of quantum computer and quantum algorithm, to and ciphertext into
Row Brute Force, it is possible to the final the source language message and quantum key for obtaining communication counterpart and being transmitted, to threaten existing amount
The safety of the sub- communication technology.
Problem 2: current quantum communications scheme is not suitable for the storage and management of quantum bit.Current quantum communications scheme
Photon is widely used as quantum bit, such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement, main cause are photons
It is suitble to generate using laser device, and optical path progress quantum entanglement is formed by optical element and is operated, but photon is also flight ratio
Spy, speed are the light velocity, can not almost be saved in a computer.So current quantum communications scheme is led to every time bar none
Letter will generate new photon, cannot achieve the preservation and management of flight photon.
Problem 3: current quantum communications scheme anti-interference ability is not strong.Due to using the polarization state of photon to form letter
Table, such as one group 0 degree and 90 degree, it is another group 45 degree and 135 degree, upper more convenient using upper and realization；It is clear that two groups of codings
Between orthogonality it is not strong, code distance is shorter, to measurement accuracy require it is relatively high.In the state of more satisfactory, Alice and Bob
It can be generated and enjoy jointly the same random key.In actual operation, to be considered there are also instrument error and
Ambient noise, for example measure 22.5 degree in the communications, will be unable to judgement be in 0 degree of letter caused by or 45 degree of alphabets in
It is caused, or have listener-in or have ambient noise, both sides must announce measurement method and can just further determine that.Current each
In kind quantum communications, such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement, all drum in the shadow vulnerable to ambient noise
Ring, when measure noise it is bigger when, or be used by the attacker quantum noise interference when, it will be difficult to distinguish this kind of measurement error be by
Caused by Eve eavesdropping or as caused by interchannel noise, therefore existing quantum communications scheme measures photon physics state
Required precision it is very high.
Problem 4: the anti-quantum attacking ability of current quantum communications scheme is weaker, and communication failure probability is higher.It is logical in quantum
In letter, refusal service (Denial-of-Service) quantum attack and the attack of go-between's quantum are equally existed.Current quantum is logical
Letter scheme uses two groups of alphabets, although Eve is not aware that the behavior of Alice and Bob selection alphabet, if Eve is whole
It is a during 100% continue uninterruptedly implement eavesdropping, still have every time 50% probability select in two groups of alphabets correctly and
It eavesdrops successfully, this communication is caused to be cancelled, quantum key failure forms refusal service quantum attack.Further, Eve energy
It is enough to be forged into go-between using successful quantum key is eavesdropped, the operation of communicating pair is imitated without being found, that is, is formed intermediate
The attack of people's quantum.Along with the existing quantum communications scheme anti-interference ability based on photon is not strong and measurement error problem, refuse
The probability of quantum communications failure caused by the attack of service quantum and the attack of go-between's quantum absolutely is higher.If Eve is continuously
The quantum communications of measurement and attack Alice and Bob, Alice and Bob can only be repeated continuously calcellation and reboot operation, it will
Cause intercommunication that can not be normally carried out, to influence the timely completion of important service.
Problem 5: existing quantum communications scheme, be mostly it is unidirectional, i.e., by side's quantum key.In quantum communications
In, both sides need to carry out the negotiation of key, it is measured using two groups of alphabets, to determine whether this quantum communications is effective,
If sender's trouble or failure of quantum key or entanglement of formation photon pair, it is likely that cause both sides that can not communicate.
The communication of both sides prepares the precision and communication process of quantum state dependent on sender, is similar to half-duplex operation mode, this is very
It is when more and inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of completely using the classical channel of quantum channel replacement the purpose of the invention is to provide, completely by quantum channel
Complete the complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom of quantum key transmission and encryption information transmission.
The purpose of invention is achieved in that
A kind of complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom, it includes Alice quantum communications module, Bob quantum communications
Module is equipped with quantum channel, Alice quantum communications module and amount between Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module
Subchannel, the connection of Bob quantum communications module are communicated, and Alice quantum communications module can not only be used for Bob quantum communications module
Sender can also be used as recipient, and quantum channel is able to carry out two-way quantum communication, communicating pair usage amount subchannel transmission
Encryption information, and usage amount subchannel transmission quantum key.
Amount of the Alice quantum communications module for a variety of quantum states of Alice measurement hydrogen atom and to hydrogen atom
Sub- state carries out quantum entanglement operation, and Alice quantum communications module can randomly choose any in hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
One group prepares one or more quantum states and carries out quantum communications, can also measure the different physics states in alphabet.
The hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet includes the mutually different physics state of multiple groups, and every group includes | 0 > with | 1 > two kind
Orthogonal physics state, Alice quantum communications module can randomly choose the realization of any one group of composition quantum key in alphabet
Encryption to information, and give encrypted throughput subchannel transmission to Bob quantum communications module, quantum key throughput
Subchannel transmission gives Bob quantum communications module.Quantum memory is the non-classical memory for storing quantum information and quantum key,
It preferably, is hydrogen atom memory.
The Bob quantum communications module can randomly choose any one group of preparation one in hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
Or multidigit quantum state carries out quantum communications, can also measure the different physics states in alphabet.
The Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module can complete the survey of at least 2 hydrogen atom physics states
Amount, quantum entanglement operation and storage, Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module, including quantum key memory,
Multiple hydrogen atoms can be stored in quantum key memory, carry out centralized and unified management, stored hydrogen atom can be multiple
Reusability.
Listener-in's Eve quantum communications module will lead to the hydrogen atom in Entangled State to the physics state measurement of quantum key
The moment of physics state collapses.
A kind of complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, Alice prepares the quantum state of hydrogen atom in quantum channel and the several alphabet of equal probability selection,
(one or more) hydrogen atom quantum state binary bit sequence is generated, as initial key, also, Alice is sent out in quantum channel
The key is given to give Bob quantum communications module, Bob quantum communications module can randomly choose or select several groups alphabetical by agreement
One group in table measures the hydrogen atom quantum state received；
Step 2, Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module carry out key agreement；
Step 3, in the effective situation of quantum communications, Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module pass through association
It discusses sub-key and quantum cryptography is carried out to plaintext；
Step 4, after Bob quantum communications module receives the ciphertext of encryption, ciphertext is carried out using the quantum key of negotiation
Decryption is reduced into plain text.
In step 2, specifically includes the following steps:
Sub-step 2-1, after Bob receives the primary key of Alice transmission, one group in random 12 groups of alphabets of selection
Or multiple groups measure (one or more) hydrogen atom quantum state binary bit sequence received, and in quantum channel
In send messages to Alice, each for informing in binary bit sequence is measured using which group alphabet respectively；
Alice makes comparisons according to the Bob information provided and the alphabet oneself used, will be passed through with Bob using the position of same word matrix
Quantum channel tells Bob；At this point, Alice and Bob can will use the position of same word matrix to record.
Sub-step 2-2, can judge whether there is listener-in's eavesdropping by error rate, Alice and Bob at random from original close
It selects several positions then to go to make comparisons in key, an error rate can be obtained in this way, Alice and Bob can pass through misjudgment
Whether rate is rationally to know whether with the presence of Eve, if there is Eve has eavesdropped the quantum communications of Alice and Bob, then he
Measurement and eavesdropping centainly will lead to the higher of error rate, then cancel this quantum communications；If error rate meets the requirements, this
Quantum communications are effective, and Alice and Bob can be used remaining quantum bit as negotiation quantum key.
In step 3, if error rate meets the requirements, this quantum communications is effective, Alice quantum communications module with
Remaining quantum bit can be used to carry out quantum cryptography to plaintext as negotiation quantum key for Bob quantum communications module；
Preferably, Alice quantum communications module uses CnotGate action is bright in the quantum bit sequence a and quantum state of Entangled State
Text | m > on realize to encryption of plaintext, process is as follows:
In formulaExpression acts on quantum bit sequence a and quantum state in plain text | m > on i-th of quantum controlled not-gate,
Alice quantum communications module passes through quantum channel for ciphertext | ψc> it is sent to Bob quantum communications module.
In step 4, after Bob receives the ciphertext of encryption, ciphertext is decrypted using the quantum key of negotiation, is restored
In plain text at quantum state | m >；
Bob receives ciphertext | ψc> after, with CnotGate action quantum state in plain text | the Entangled State pair in m > and his hand
It is decrypted on quantum bit sequence b in plain text, detailed process indicates are as follows:
In formulaExpression acts on quantum state in plain text | i-th of quantum controlled not-gate on m > and quantum bit sequence b；
Finally by the plaintext of quantum state | m > quantum computer is transferred to be further processed；It is further possible to be converted into
Allusion quotation state plaintext m transfers to classic computer to handle.
Preferably, the dense coding of quantum can be used and carry out quantum information transmission, to be transmitted more with less quantum bit
More classical informations.
By adopting the above technical scheme, following technical effect can be brought:
One, the safety of encryption information transmission of the present invention is higher.Traditional quantum cryptography uses mixed channel, i.e. quantum is believed
Road adds the scheme of classical channel, and the safety of mixed channel is improved by the safety of quantum channel.And the present invention abandons
Unsafe classics channel, the probability eavesdropped are substantially reduced.Either transmission of quantum key or encryption information, use
Quantum channel is completed, and transmission is pure quantum state information, must if listener-in obtains the encryption information transmitted in quantum channel
So it will lead to the collapsing of quantum state, to be perceived by communicating pair.Even if listener-in is able to use quantum computer and common
Quantum algorithm, if Shor algorithm can crack rsa encryption system, Grover algorithm can crack des encryption system.But surreptitiously
Hearer still can not obtain whole quantum key or encrypted quantum information, so that quantum computer and quantum can not be utilized
The concurrency of algorithm cracks transmission information, so that cipher-text information and quantum key that communication counterpart is transmitted are managed
It is perfectly safe by upper.
Two, communication speed faster, may crack other mixing quantum communication systems.Present invention uses quantum channel progress
Complete quantum communications, using quantum entanglement operation in quantum channel transmission key and ciphertext, information transfer rate also faster because
The speed of quantum entanglement is transmitted far faster than the electromagnetic transmission of the light velocity or laser.Complete quantum channel communication of the invention, is based on
The information transfer rate of quantum entanglement is far faster than other quantum communication systems based on optics and classical channel, including BB84 association
View, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement etc., and use optical fiber, the quantum communication system of laser transmission or electromagnetic transmission；
Further, incorporating quantum computer and quantum algorithm, the present invention can crack many communication systems encrypted using quantum optics
System or mixing quantum communication system, or even do not sent out by communicating pair after the communication system for eavesdropping or cracking quantum optics encryption
Feel.
Three, the present invention being capable of storage and management quantum bit.Different from the existing quantum communications side based on flight photon
Case, as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement alphabet used in photon polarimeter, the present invention in use
Be hydrogen atom, hydrogen atom can be stored in Reusability on quantum memory, and since hydrogen atom speed is no longer light
Speed realizes the storage and management of quantum bit so can be stored in the quantum bit grid of quantum memory.Hydrogen atom
It is the highest isotope of abundance in universe, it is colourless, tasteless, nontoxic, more than the atom of sum 90% in our universe
All it is hydrogen, is easy to obtain in nature and utilize, hydrogen manufacturing and hydrogen storage technology is mature；And hydrogen atom is the smallest original in the world
Son is easier to obtain and be easy to maintain state than other large-scale atoms, such as wide in modern many satellites and research laboratory
The general hydrogen clock using various precisions.
Four, anti-interference ability of the present invention is obviously improved.Different from two groups of alphabets being used only in BB84 agreement, originally
The alphabet for having used 12 groups of difference hydrogen atom physics states to form in invention, and communicating pair is random to the selection of alphabet
, so increasing the number of alphabet, the probability of Eve selection and the same alphabet of Alice or Bob can be substantially reduced.?
In BB84 agreement, listener-in Eve selects with the probability of the same alphabet of Alice or Bob to be 50% (only two groups of alphabets confessions
Selection), and in the present invention, which drops to 1/12 (having 12 groups of alphabets selective).It has the advantage that, measures
The influence of error and ambient noise to quantum communications greatly reduces, and can not propose harsh requirement to the measurement of physics state, from
And substantially increase quantum communications environment resistant noise ability and anti-quantum interference or anti-quantum noise attack ability, significantly mention
The safety of quantum communications is risen.There is the quantum under quantum communications and noiseless under noise logical in addition, BB84 agreement will be distinguished
Letter, and need to abandon some quantum bits in quantum communications；The present invention no longer need to distinguish have quantum communications under noise and
Quantum communications under noiseless do not consider usually to abandon quantum bit, and therefore, quantum bit utilization rate has been improved.
Five, the present invention substantially increases the anti-quantum attacking ability of quantum communication system, significantly reduces communication failure probability.
In quantum communications, refusal service (Denial-of-Service) quantum attack and the attack of go-between's quantum are equally existed.But
In this communication system, if Eve implements quantum Denial of Service attack, 100% continues uninterruptedly to implement eavesdropping in the whole process,
Only have 1/12 probability to select correct and eavesdropped successfully in 12 groups of alphabets every time under 1 key, this communication is caused to be made
Useless, quantum key failure, i.e., the success rate of refusal service quantum attack falls to 1/12 under 1 quantum key, is significantly less than
50% in BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement etc..Similar, it is close that Eve is able to use the successful quantum of eavesdropping
Key is forged into go-between, imitates the operation of communicating pair without being found, i.e., forms go-between's quantum under 1 quantum key
The success rate of attack also falls to 1/12.In fact, since the quantum communications agreement based on photon is excessively high to noise requirements, such as
In BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement, GHZ agreement etc., it is remote that quantum attack cooperation ambient noise often leads to success attack rate
Greater than 50%.But since present invention uses 12 groups of alphabets, after increasing quantum key digit, bring anti-attack ability is had
The promotion become apparent.Such as equally in 4 quantum keys, and when not considering quantum noise, in BB84 agreement, refusal
The success rate for servicing quantum attack and the attack of go-between's quantum is about (1/2)4=1/16；And in the present invention, this success rate
Fall to (1/12)4=1/20736, it is clear that the promotion of the anti-quantum attacking ability of the present invention is extremely apparent.There is quantum to make an uproar
In the case where sound, the anti-quantum attacking ability of the present invention is clearly more powerful, has better effect in practical applications.
Six, quantum channel of the invention can complete two-way quantum communication.It is used different from classical quantum communications single
To channel, i.e., only one can emit entangled photons quantum state, microcrith sub-key channel of the invention and quantum information just now
Channel be it is two-way, communicating pair needs minimum a pair of of hydrogen atom that can realize the communication plan similar to full duplex, can be with
Send Entangled State quantum information mutually simultaneously, compared to classical semiduplex optical quantum communication scheme, the present invention at least improves 1
Times message capacity and communication speed, while also substantially increasing the reliability of quantum communications.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is complete quantum communications structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is alphabet schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is communication means flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom, it includes Alice quantum communications module
101, Bob quantum communications module 102 is equipped with quantum and believes between Alice quantum communications module 101 and Bob quantum communications module 102
Road 104, Alice quantum communications module 101 connect and are communicated with quantum channel 104, Bob quantum communications module 102, Alice
Quantum communications module 101 and Bob quantum communications module 102 can not only be used for sender and can also be used as recipient, quantum channel 104
It is able to carry out two-way quantum communication, communicating pair uses 104 transmission encrypting information of quantum channel, and passes using quantum channel 104
Throughput rate sub-key can effectively prevent the eavesdropping of listener-in's Eve quantum communications module, improve the safety of quantum communications and resist dry
Immunity.
It operates to form quantum channel using quantum entanglement, it can be in quantum channel wherein transmission of quantum key, not encrypted
Quantum information and by quantum cryptography quantum information；Can enough using multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atoms Quantum Entangled States into
The dense coding of row quantum, communicating pair share the Entangled State of quantum key, while realizing the dense of quantum key and quantum information
Coding transmission can transmit more classical information amounts with less quantum bit；Preferably, use quantum key as control
Position, data information realize the dense coding and secrecy transmission of quantum information by quantum gate operation as target position.
Further, a kind of complete quantum communications method based on hydrogen atom transmits information complete quantization, transmission
Information instantaneity, density of encoding is big, highly-safe, strong interference immunity, and anti-quantum attacking ability is strong；Information based on quantum entanglement
Transmission speed is far faster than other quantum communication systems based on optics and classical channel, including BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR association
View, GHZ agreement etc., and use optical fiber, the quantum communication system of laser transmission or electromagnetic transmission；Further, due to amount
Son is tangled far faster than the light velocity, transmission speed faster, incorporating quantum computer and quantum algorithm, it is possible to crack other mixed channels
Quantum communication system；
Key channel and cipher key transport network needed for the quantum channel constitutes cipher key communication, also configuration information communicates institute
The information channel and information transmission network needed, quantum key communication network can be worked at the same time with quantum information communication network, and
And simultaneous transmission information；Alice quantum communications module 101 and Bob quantum communications module 102 have quantum information and quantum key
Two-way calculating conversion function and compatible processing function, can either read, calculate and handle the key information in quantum channel, also can
It is enough to read, calculate and handle the data information in quantum channel, and maintain the operation of quantum channel, it is preferable that it uses and is based on hydrogen
The communication protocol of atom quantum entanglement；
The Alice quantum communications module, is connected with quantum channel, is further connected with Bob quantum communications module and goes forward side by side
Row communication, Alice quantum communications module for Alice measurement hydrogen atom a variety of quantum states and to the quantum state of hydrogen atom into
The operation of row quantum entanglement；Further, Alice quantum communications module can randomly choose appointing in hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
It anticipates one group and prepares one or more quantum states progress quantum communications, can also measure the different physics states in alphabet；Further
Ground prepares hydrogen atom quantum bit or amplitude by frequency modulation(PFM) and phase-modulation prepares hydrogen atom quantum bit, due to hydrogen original
The physics state of 12 groups of alphabets of son is conjugate, including position, distance, Zeeman level, movement velocity, spin direction, spin
Speed, electron temperature, electron number, neutron population meet Heisenberg uncertainty relation between the alphabet being randomly generated；Further, can
Different quantum state composition multidigit initial quantum key and quantum number are prepared using different modulation systems to 2 or more hydrogen atoms
According to, and information transmission is carried out using quantum entanglement operation to hydrogen atom；It is possible to further to multiple hydrogen atoms (2 or more)
It is prepared into multiparticle and tangles physics state, believe for establishing a plurality of (2 or more) quantum between more (2 or more) quantum communications equipment
Road carries out distributed quantum communications.
The hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet includes the mutually different physics state of multiple groups, and every group includes | 0 > with | 1 > two kind
Orthogonal physics state, if Electron In Hydrogen Atom is located at atomic nucleus left or right, electronics is located at atomic nucleus up or down, and electronics is located at atom
Before or after core, electronics revolution orbit is remote or close, and electronics is electron spin direction clockwise or counterclockwise around atomic nucleus revolution direction
For clockwise or counterclockwise, electronics Zeemen effect it is normal or unusual, electronic movement velocity it is fast or slow, electron spin speed
Fast or slow, electron temperature is high or low, and how much is electron number, and how much is neutron population.Alice quantum communications module can randomly choose above
Any one group of composition quantum key in alphabet realizes the encryption to information, and encrypted throughput subchannel is passed
It is defeated by Bob quantum communications module, quantum key throughput subchannel transmission gives Bob quantum communications module；Further, due to making
With 12 groups of mutually different hydrogen atom quantum states, coding distance is greatly increased between group, the requirement to quantum measurement precision
It substantially reduces, improves anti-interference ability；It is possible to further form multidigit quantum key by multiple hydrogen atoms (2 or more),
Improve the digit and safety of quantum key；It is tangled it is possible to further form multiparticle by multiple hydrogen atoms (2 or more),
For being communicated between more quantum communications equipment.
The Bob quantum communications module, is connected with quantum channel, is further connected with Alice quantum communications module and goes forward side by side
Row communication, quantum state carry out amount of the Bob quantum communications module for a variety of quantum states of Bob measurement hydrogen atom and to hydrogen atom
Son tangles operation；Further, Bob quantum communications module can randomly choose any one group in hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
It prepares one or more quantum states and carries out quantum communications, can also measure the different physics states in alphabet；Further, multiple
Hydrogen atom quantum communication module is and common by multiple (2 or more) participants by the way that secret information is split into several parts
The method of management protects information, constitutes hydrogen atom quantum secret sharing.Hydrogen atom quantum secret sharing can be by secret information
Split in the right way, every part can with same size, can also different size, each part of information is by different quantum after fractionation
Communication module carries out hydrogen atom quantum cryptography and storage management, single quantum communications module can not Restore Secret information, if only
The sub- communication module of dry measure cooperates together could Restore Secret message.
The Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module can complete multidigit (2 or more) hydrogen atom physics
The measurement of state, quantum entanglement operation and storage, Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module and listener-in Eve
The moment that quantum communications module will lead to the hydrogen atom physics state in Entangled State to the physics state measurement of quantum key collapses；
Further, multiple hydrogen atoms can be stored in quantum key memory, carry out centralized and unified management, stored hydrogen atom
It being capable of multiple Reusability.Microcrith sub memory tangles operation and Entanglement Purification process by multiple (2 or more), can be with
Realize the recycling of microcrith sub-key；Further, multiple hydrogen atom (2 or more) entangled quantum states have error correction energy
Power, by comparing multiple (2 or more) quantum communications modules in Entangled State it can be found that measurement error and listener-in, receive
Person can be according to tangling the positive operation recovery prime information of information and quantum, and corrects to the mistake lower than error thresholds,
And error correction is served only for the quantum communications between the sender and recipients in Entangled State.
Further, quantum memory can also be divided into quantum key memory and quantal data memory, realize quantum
The Classification Management of key and quantal data；Stored hydrogen atom can multiple Reusability, itself can't be transmitted or be disappeared
It loses, what is transmitted in complete quantum communications is only the physics state of stored hydrogen atom；Further, multiple hydrogen atoms can also
Multi-level 3 D stereo storage system is constituted, may have access to the hydrogen atom physics of respective memory locations by the addressing to hydrogen atom
State；Further, it is able to use multiple groups measuring probe while preparing or measuring different hydrogen atom quantum states, can prepare or measure
Different all physics states in 12 groups of alphabets out；It is possible to further form multidigit by multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atoms
Quantum key improves the digit and safety of quantum key；It is more it is possible to further be made of multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atoms
Particle entangled carries out distribution formula weight for establishing a plurality of (2 or more) quantum channel between more (2 or more) quantum communications equipment
Son communication；Lower to quantum measurement required precision, anti-interference ability is stronger, and practical application value is higher, can resist quantum
Noise jamming or quantum noise attack.
When the Alice quantum communications module is as sender, it can be randomly choosed from hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
One or more groups of letters constitute quantum key, complete the encryption to information is sent, and the information of throughput subchannel transmission encryption,
And throughput subchannel transmission quantum key；Further, multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atom quantum states are able to use to implement to connect
The quantum-key distribution and high-performance, high-volume, the hydrogen atom quantum-key distribution of high-speed of continuous variable.
When Alice quantum communications module is as recipient, communicating pair can be random from hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
It selects one or more groups of physics states to carry out quantum measurement, is confirmed whether the presence for having listener-in, if measurement error is greater than in advance
Fixed number value, then it is assumed that with the presence of listener-in, and cancel this quantum communications；If measurement error meets predetermined value, then it is assumed that
No listener-in exists, and is further decrypted using the information that quantum key docking receives.
When the Bob quantum communications module is as sender, one can be randomly choosed from hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
Group or multiple groups letter constitute quantum key, complete the encryption to information is sent, and the information of throughput subchannel transmission encryption, with
And throughput subchannel transmission quantum key；Further, multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atom quantum states are able to use to implement continuously
Quantum-key distribution and high-performance, high-volume, the hydrogen atom quantum-key distribution of high-speed of variable.
When Bob quantum communications module is as recipient, communicating pair can select at random from hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
It selects one or more groups of physics states and carries out quantum measurement, be confirmed whether the presence for having listener-in, make a reservation for if measurement error is greater than
Numerical value, then it is assumed that with the presence of listener-in, and cancel this quantum communications；If measurement error meets predetermined value, then it is assumed that nothing
Listener-in exists, and is further decrypted using the information that quantum key docking receives.
The Eve quantum communications module, it is logical for eavesdropping Alice quantum for the quantum communications equipment that listener-in Eve is used
Believe that the encryption information of throughput subchannel transmission and the quantum of quantum channel transmission are close between module and Bob quantum communications module
Key；
When Eve is not eavesdropped, Eve quantum communications module is between Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module
Quantum communications do not generate interference；
If Eve is eavesdropped, Eve quantum communications module can be operated by quantum entanglement and quantum measurement operation obtains
Take the communication information between Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module, the encryption including throughput subchannel transmission
The quantum key of information and throughput subchannel transmission；Since Eve is not aware that communicating pair Alice and Bob using hydrogen
Which group in atomic quantum states alphabet can only randomly choose alphabet and measure to obtain quantum state, while Eve is measured
The physics state moment of the quantum key of Alice quantum communications module and Bob quantum communications module is caused to be collapsed；Further, different
In the quantum communications scheme usually using photon physics state, up to 12 groups of the hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet, so dropping significantly
Low Eve and Alice or Bob selects same group of probability, greatly reduces probability that Eve eavesdropping causes quantum state to collapse and logical
The probability for believing failure, to improve the anti-interference ability and anti-attack ability of quantum communications.
The quantum channel is a kind of channel operated using quantum entanglement, be Alice and Bob transmission of quantum key and
The channel of quantal data；Sender randomly chooses one or more groups of composition quantum keys and quantum in hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet
Data, Bob measure this communication quantum key used by the quantum entanglement operation of hydrogen atom and quantum channel；If there is stealing
Hearer will lead to the collapsing of physics state, cause this measurement error larger, then communicating pair cancels this quantum key and this
Quantum communications；If met the requirements without listener-in or this measurement error, communicating pair confirms that this quantum channel is safety
, this quantum key is effective；After Alice and Bob consults key, what sender was transmitted needed for being encrypted using quantum key
Information, and in quantum channel carry out quantum cryptography information remote transmission, recipient after receiving the quantum information of encryption,
Encryption information is decrypted using the quantum key consulted, finally obtains the cleartext information that other side is transmitted.
Step 1, Alice prepares hydrogen original using quantum communication module (101) and the several alphabet of equal probability selection
The quantum state of son generates (one or more) hydrogen atom quantum state binary bit sequence, and as initial key, also, Alice exists
Quantum channel sends the key to Bob quantum communications module (102), and Bob quantum communications module (102) can be used to randomly choose
Or one group or several groups in several groups alphabet is selected to measure to the hydrogen atom quantum state received by agreement；
Step 2, Alice quantum communications module (101) and Bob quantum communications module (102) are former in quantum channel progress hydrogen
Sub- quantum key is negotiated；
Step 3, in the case where quantum communications confirm the validity, Alice quantum communications module (101) and Bob quantum communications
The microcrith sub-key of module (102) through consultation carries out quantum cryptography to plaintext, and encrypted in quantum channel transmission
Cipher-text information；
Step 4, after Bob quantum communications module (102) receives the cipher-text information of encryption, the hydrogen atom quantum of negotiation is used
Key pair ciphertext is decrypted, and is reduced into plain text.
In step 2, specifically includes the following steps:
Sub-step 2-1, after Bob receives the primary key of Alice transmission, one group in random 12 groups of alphabets of selection
Or multiple groups measure (one or more) hydrogen atom quantum state binary bit sequence received, and in quantum channel
In send messages to Alice, each for informing in binary bit sequence be respectively measured using which group alphabet, but
Do not inform measurement result；Alice makes comparisons according to the Bob information provided and the hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet oneself used, will
Bob is told by quantum channel using the position of identical hydrogen atom quantum state alphabet with Bob；At this point, Alice and Bob can be incited somebody to action
The position of same word matrix has been used to record.
Sub-step 2-2, can judge whether there is listener-in's eavesdropping by error rate, Alice and Bob at random from original close
It selects several positions then to go to make comparisons in key, an error rate can be obtained in this way, Alice and Bob can pass through misjudgment
Whether rate is rationally to know whether with the presence of Eve.If there is Eve has eavesdropped the quantum communications of Alice and Bob, then he
Measurement and eavesdropping centainly will lead to the higher of error rate, can set an error rate threshold, then cancel more than the error rate threshold
This hydrogen atom quantum communications；If error rate meets the requirements, this quantum communications is effective, Alice quantum communications module
(101) it can be used remaining hydrogen atom quantum bit as negotiation quantum key with Bob quantum communications module (102).
In step 3, if error rate meets the requirements, this quantum communications is effective, Alice quantum communications module
(101) it can be used remaining quantum bit to carry out quantum to plaintext as negotiation quantum key with Bob quantum communications module (102) to add
It is close.
Preferably, Alice quantum communications module (101) uses CnotQuantum bit sequence a and quantum of the gate action in Entangled State
State in plain text | m > on realize to encryption of plaintext, process is as follows:
In formulaExpression acts on quantum bit sequence a and quantum state in plain text | m > on i-th of quantum controlled not-gate,
Alice quantum communications module (101) passes through quantum channel for ciphertext | ψc> it is sent to Bob quantum communications module (102).
In step 4, after Bob receives the ciphertext of encryption, ciphertext is decrypted using the quantum key of negotiation, is restored
In plain text at quantum state | m >；
Bob receives ciphertext | ψc> after, with CnotGate action quantum state in plain text | the Entangled State pair in m > and his hand
It is decrypted on quantum bit sequence b in plain text, detailed process indicates are as follows:
In formulaExpression acts on quantum state in plain text | i-th of quantum controlled not-gate on m > and quantum bit sequence b；
Finally by the plaintext of the quantum state after decryption | m > quantum computer is transferred to handle；Preferably, can also further turn
It is changed to the plaintext m of classical state, classic computer is transferred to handle.
Preferably, the dense coding of quantum can be used and carry out quantum communications；By taking a quantum bit as an example, the dense coding of quantum
It may be implemented only to transmit a quantum bit, and transmit the classical information of two bits；Further, using the dense volume of multidigit quantum
Code carries out quantum communications, and transmission multidigit quantum key and multidigit quantum information position may be implemented, and transmits the warp of more bits
Allusion quotation information.It is as follows using the dense coding implementation steps of the quantum of hydrogen atom by taking a quantum bit as an example:
Step 1, quantum key is enjoyed in advance；Hydrogen atom is tangled in Alice and Bob shared sender Alice generation in advance
It is right, it is assumed that the state that this tangles hydrogen atom pair is as follows:
Step 2, quantum coding is carried out to classical information；Alice two classical information positions are encoded to 00,01,10,
11 }, this four codings are respectively corresponded into the transformation different from tetra- kinds of I, X, Y, Z is made to quantum bit in oneself hand.It is transformed to entangle
The state for twining hydrogen atom pair is as follows:
Step 3, quantum cryptography；Wherein using the 1st hydrogen atom quantum bit as control bit, i.e. the amount of sender Alice generation
The quantum bit of sub- position the 1st is as quantum key, and the hydrogen atom quantum bit for belonging to Bob originally is that target position executes quantum cryptography change
It changes；Preferably, using CnotTransformation；Transformed result is as follows:
Step 4, quantum state remote transmission；Hydrogen atom quantum bit in hand is operated long-range hair by quantum entanglement by Alice
Give recipient Bob.By the formula of step 3 as it can be seen that Bob can be in the case where not destroying quantum state, to second quantum
Position measures.If being to second quantum bit measurement result | 0 >, coding is " 00 " or " 11 " if measurement result is | 1
>, then coding is " 01 " or " 10 ".
Step 5, quantum is decrypted；In order to thoroughly distinguish these four codings, recipient Bob only need to be to first hydrogen atom quantum
Position executes H transformation, and result is as follows after transformation:
As it can be seen that and then recipient Bob measures the quantum bit after executing H transformation to first hydrogen atom quantum bit, such as
Fruit measurement result is | 0 >, then coding is " 00 " or " 01 " if measurement result is | 1 >, coding is " 10 " or " 11 ".Therefore,
The quantum decryption transformation of quantum cryptography and step 5 by step 3 can distinguish tetra- kinds of sender Alice codings completely.Also
It is to say that sender Alice only has sent a hydrogen atom quantum bit, the track provided by quantum entanglement can but transmit two
Classical information.
Further, the Quantum Entangled States for being able to use multiple (2 or more) hydrogen atoms carry out the dense coding of quantum, communication
Both sides share the Entangled State of quantum key, while realizing the dense coding transmission of quantum key and quantum information, can be with less
Quantum bit transmit more classical information amounts, and realize that quantum state encrypting and decrypting operates.
Embodiment of above is only applicable to illustrate the disclosure, and not to disclosed limitation, in relation to the common of technical field
Technical staff can also make a variety of changes and modification in the case where not departing from the precision and range of the disclosure, therefore all
Equivalent technical solution also belongs to the scope of the disclosure, and the patent protection scope of the disclosure should be limited from claim.
Claims (10)
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