CN109349458B - Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000008406 SarachaNachtschatten Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000004790 Solanum aculeatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000008424 Solanum demissum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000018253 Solanum ferox Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000000208 Solanum incanum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000013131 Solanum macrocarpon Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000009869 Solanum phureja Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000000341 Solanum ptychanthum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000017622 Solanum xanthocarpum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 240000000208 Gerbera jamesonii Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 240000002307 Solanum ptychanthum Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000002594 Solanum nigrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011305 Capsella bursa pastoris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000008867 Capsella bursa-pastoris Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000304432 Sedum sarmentosum Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012905 Brassica oleracea var viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000202726 Bupleurum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001091572 Kalanchoe Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000514 hepatopancreas Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000735332 Gerbera Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000002915 Solanum macrocarpon Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010090932 Vitellogenins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000067645 Wedelia chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000001 growth retardation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031586 molting cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种保护小龙虾肝胰腺的中草药保健添加剂，所述添加剂包含主料和辅料，所述主料与辅料之间的质量比为4:1～8:1；所述主料由金银花、非洲菊、龙葵和桑叶组成，各原料之间的质量比为3:3:3:2；所述辅料由荠菜、垂盆草、马蓝和柴胡组成，各原料之间的质量比为1:1:1:1。本发明添加剂能有效预防小龙虾肝胰腺功能疾病的发生，保护肝功能。The invention discloses a Chinese herbal health care additive for protecting the liver and pancreas of crayfish. The additive comprises a main material and an auxiliary material, and the mass ratio between the main material and the auxiliary material is 4:1 to 8:1; the main material is composed of It is composed of honeysuckle, gerbera, nightshade and mulberry leaves, and the mass ratio between the raw materials is 3:3:3:2; The mass ratio is 1:1:1:1. The additive of the invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of crayfish hepatopancreas functional diseases and protect the liver function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting the liver and pancreas of crayfish and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The crayfish is also called procambarus clarkia, and is a species of freshwater crayfish. The crayfish meat has delicious taste, unique flavor, high protein content and low fat content, and the crayfish roe has crab roe taste, particularly has rich calcium, phosphorus and iron content and is an animal food with higher nutritional value. According to data of a 2017 Chinese crayfish industry development report published by fishery administration of the department of agriculture and national aquaculture technology popularization central station day by day, the consumption of Chinese crayfish in 2016 reaches 87.93 ten thousand tons, the output value is 564.10 million yuan, the total economic value is 1466.10 million yuan, and nearly 500 million people are used by workers in the whole industry chain. This means that the crayfish industry has been forced to ascend in the new "billions" market. Since the beginning of the 20 th century, many cultivation workers have been dedicated to the research of artificial breeding of lobsters, cultivation technology and the like. However, only limited progress has been made in the breeding of crayfish larvae so far, some technical problems have not been overcome, and large-scale breeding production has not been achieved.
The hepatopancreas, also known as the midgut gland, is an important component of the digestive system of decapod crustaceans, has the functions of synthesizing and secreting digestive enzymes and storing fats and glycogens, can absorb and digest nutrient substances, and also influences the excretion and molting cycles of animals. The hepatopancreas of the crayfish is proved to have the well-known functions of digestion and detoxification, and more importantly, the hepatopancreas and the ovary synchronously synthesize vitellogenin in the breeding stage of the crayfish, and the health degree of the hepatopancreas and the ovary directly influences the growth and breeding effects of the crayfish.
At present, the hepatopancreas function of the crayfish is not taken into consideration, so that the problems of small crayfish body, growth retardation, molting stagnation and the like in the artificial breeding stage are caused, and the development of an industrial chain is influenced. Meanwhile, high-density culture also causes multiple hepatopancreatic diseases. The feed mainly comes from two aspects, namely, the feed contains excessive medicament additive pollution, and the feed also comes from the pollution of harmful substances such as medicament residues in water, and the toxins can cause the damage and even failure of the hepatopancreas of the small shrimps. Therefore, how to protect the internal organs of crayfish such as liver and pancreas during crayfish breeding is an important but overlooked problem for a long time. The formula is developed successfully by using the characteristics of maintenance and repair of liver functions of the bioactive components of the Chinese herbal medicines and combining the compatibility characteristics of different Chinese herbal medicines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the applicant of the invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting the liver and pancreas of crayfish and a preparation method thereof. The additive can effectively prevent the occurrence of liver and pancreas functional diseases of crayfish and protect liver functions.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the mass ratio of the main material to the auxiliary material is 4: 1-8: 1; the main material consists of honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade and mulberry leaves, and the mass ratio of the raw materials is 3:3:3: 2; the auxiliary materials comprise shepherd's purse, sedum sarmentosum, kale and radix bupleuri, and the mass ratio of the raw materials is 1:1:1: 1.
The honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade, the mulberry leaf, the shepherd's purse, the sedum sarmentosum, the kale and the bupleurum are all powder particles, and the granularity is 40-100 meshes. The herba Solani Nigri is whole plant.
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively baking flos Lonicerae, gerbera jamesonii, herba Solani Nigri, folium Mori, herba Capsellae, herba Sedi, herba Kalimeridis and bupleuri radix;
(2) pulverizing the baked Chinese herbal medicines into powder of 40-100 meshes;
(3) mixing the components in proportion, and drying the mixture for 2-6 days;
(4) the mixture is sealed and stored for later use.
The baking temperature in the step (1) is 90-100 ℃.
In the step (1), the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade, the mulberry leaf, the shepherdspurse herb, the stringy stonecrop herb, the kale and the bupleurum are subjected to freezing treatment before baking, and the treatment conditions are as follows: freezing for 30-60 s under the conditions that the temperature is-10 to-20 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 1.5-5 Pa.
When in use, the additive can be directly spread or mixed in feed to be stirred.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the formula can effectively prevent the occurrence of hepatopancreas functional diseases of crayfish and protect liver functions. During the experiment, the cultured crayfishes have no hepatopancreas related diseases. The formula aims to enhance the immunity of the crayfish, improve the metabolism, discharge various toxins, achieve the effects of protecting the liver and repairing the liver and the pancreas and improve the growth performance of the crayfish.
The Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting the hepatopancreas of the crayfish, provided by the invention, has the advantages of scientific compatibility, enhancement of shrimp immunity, liver protection and toxin expelling, and multiple functions of preventing diseases and improving the growth performance of the crayfish.
The production method provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity and convenience, optimal collocation of the beneficial substances of all the components and easy mutual enhancement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting clean and sanitary honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade (whole plant), mulberry leaf, shepherd's purse, stringy stonecrop herb, kale and radix bupleuri, and roasting the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade (whole plant), the mulberry leaf, the capsella bursa-pastoris, the stringy stonecrop herb, the kale and the radix bupleuri by using a conventional Chinese herbal medicine processing method, wherein the roasting temperature is 90 ℃; then crushing the various Chinese herbal medicines subjected to deactivation of enzymes and baking into small particles or powder, and sieving to ensure that the granularity of the particles is 80 meshes;
(2) after the components are crushed, uniformly mixing 30 g of honeysuckle, 30 g of gerbera jamesonii, 30 g of black nightshade, 20 g of mulberry leaf, 1 g of shepherd's purse, 1 g of stringy stonecrop herb, 1 g of kale and 1 g of radix bupleuri;
(3) placing the uniformly mixed mixture into a closed container, drying at 30 deg.C for 2 days by low temperature vacuum drying method, and packaging the mixture into a sealed bag for storage.
Example 2
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting clean and sanitary honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade (whole plant), mulberry leaf, shepherd's purse, stringy stonecrop herb, kale and radix bupleuri, and roasting the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade (whole plant), the mulberry leaf, the capsella bursa-pastoris, the stringy stonecrop herb, the kale and the radix bupleuri by using a conventional Chinese herbal medicine processing method, wherein the roasting temperature is 100 ℃; then crushing the various Chinese herbal medicines subjected to deactivation of enzymes and baking into small particles or powder, and sieving to ensure that the granularity of the particles is 40 meshes;
(2) after the components are crushed, uniformly mixing the components according to the composition relationship of 30 g of honeysuckle, 30 g of gerbera jamesonii, 30 g of black nightshade, 20 g of mulberry leaf, 2 g of shepherd's purse and 2 g of sedum sarmentosum;
(3) placing the uniformly mixed mixture into a closed container, drying at 30 deg.C for 2 days by low temperature vacuum drying method, and packaging the mixture into a sealed bag for storage.
Example 3
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a certain amount of clean and sanitary honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade (whole grass), mulberry leaf, shepherd's purse, stringy stonecrop herb, kale and radix bupleuri, and roasting the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade and the radix bupleuri by using a conventional Chinese herbal medicine processing method, wherein the roasting temperature is 95 ℃; then crushing the various Chinese herbal medicines subjected to deactivation of enzymes and baking into small particles or powder, and sieving to ensure that the granularity of the particles is 100 meshes;
(2) after the components are crushed, uniformly mixing the components according to the composition relationship of 15 g of honeysuckle, 15 g of gerbera jamesonii, 15 g of black nightshade, 10 g of mulberry leaf, 1 g of kale and 1 g of radix bupleuri;
(3) placing the uniformly mixed mixture into a closed container, drying at 30 deg.C for 2 days by low temperature vacuum drying method, and packaging the mixture into a sealed bag for storage.
Example 4
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting clean and sanitary honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade (whole plant), mulberry leaf, shepherd's purse, stringy stonecrop herb, kale and radix bupleuri, and roasting the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade (whole plant), the mulberry leaf, the capsella bursa-pastoris, the stringy stonecrop herb, the kale and the radix bupleuri by using a conventional Chinese herbal medicine processing method, wherein the roasting temperature is 90 ℃; then crushing the various Chinese herbal medicines subjected to deactivation of enzymes and baking into small particles or powder, and sieving to ensure that the granularity of the particles is 80 meshes;
(2) after the components are crushed, uniformly mixing 30 g of honeysuckle, 30 g of gerbera jamesonii, 30 g of black nightshade, 20 g of mulberry leaf, 1 g of shepherd's purse, 1 g of stringy stonecrop herb, 1 g of kale and 1 g of radix bupleuri;
(3) placing the uniformly mixed mixture into a closed container, drying at 30 deg.C for 2 days by low temperature vacuum drying method, and packaging the mixture into a sealed bag for storage.
The honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade, the mulberry leaf, the shepherd's purse, the sedum sarmentosum, the kale and the radix bupleuri are subjected to freezing treatment before baking, and the treatment conditions are as follows: freezing at-15 deg.C under vacuum degree of 1.5 Pa for 30 s.
Comparative example
The African daisy in the embodiment 1 is replaced by wedelia chinensis, and other mixture ratios are unchanged.
Test example:
500 crayfish which are 5g or so in weight and have strong growth are selected and divided into 5 groups, 100 crayfish in each group are averaged, the additives of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example are used, the additives are added into the feed of the general feed, the feed of the blank control group is not added with any additive, the conditions are the same except the additive, and the weight gain and the death rate of the crayfish are detected after the crayfish is raised for 40 days. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Average body weight/g | Mortality rate/%) |
| Example 1 | 50 | 2 |
| Example 2 | 53 | 1 |
| Example 3 | 52 | 0 |
| Example 4 | 60 | 0 |
| Comparative example | 48 | 4 |
| Blank group | 45 | 8 |
In the above examples, although the quality of the Chinese herbal medicines is different, the mass percentage of the 4 main materials is maintained in the following ratio of W honeysuckle flower, W African chrysanthemum, W black nightshade, W mulberry leaf 3:3:3: 2. The selection of the 4 auxiliary materials can be diversified on the basis of keeping a certain mass percentage, so that the exertion of the drug effect is ensured.
Claims (3)
1. The Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive for protecting liver and pancreas of crayfish is characterized by comprising a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the mass ratio of the main material to the auxiliary material is 4: 1-8: 1; the main material consists of honeysuckle, gerbera jamesonii, black nightshade and mulberry leaves, and the mass ratio of the raw materials is 3:3:3: 2; the auxiliary materials consist of shepherd's purse, sedum sarmentosum, kalanchoe and radix bupleuri, and the mass ratio of the raw materials is 1:1:1: 1;
the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine health-care additive comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively baking flos Lonicerae, gerbera jamesonii, herba Solani Nigri, folium Mori, herba Capsellae, herba Sedi, herba Kalimeridis and bupleuri radix;
(2) pulverizing the baked Chinese herbal medicines into powder of 40-100 meshes;
(3) mixing the components in proportion, and drying the mixture for 2-6 days;
(4) sealing and storing the mixture for later use;
in the step (1), the honeysuckle, the gerbera jamesonii, the black nightshade, the mulberry leaf, the shepherdspurse herb, the stringy stonecrop herb, the kale and the bupleurum are subjected to freezing treatment before baking, and the treatment conditions are as follows: freezing for 30-60 s under the conditions that the temperature is-10 to-20 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 1.5-5 Pa.
2. The additive of claim 1, wherein the nightshade is whole grass.
3. Additive according to claim 1, wherein the baking temperature in step (1) is 90-100 ℃.
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