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CN109349032A - 一种水稻育秧方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻育秧方法 Download PDF

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CN109349032A
CN109349032A CN201811139160.9A CN201811139160A CN109349032A CN 109349032 A CN109349032 A CN 109349032A CN 201811139160 A CN201811139160 A CN 201811139160A CN 109349032 A CN109349032 A CN 109349032A
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parts
nutrition soil
seed
seedling
paddy rice
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陈晓美
段胜明
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Hunan Jinyuan Seed Industry Co Ltd
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Hunan Jinyuan Seed Industry Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

本发明属于水稻种植技术领域，具体涉及一种水稻育秧方法。该方法包括对种子进行预处理：进行去离子水浸泡、黄腐植酸溶液浸泡、双氧水浸泡，超声，浸种剂浸泡等多种处理手段；配制营养土，对营养土杀菌，以及育秧棚培育。预处理时采用多种手段，相辅相成，协同发挥作用，大幅提升了种子的发芽率，水稻种子发芽率达到95％以上。然后配制营养丰富且均衡的营养土，可以有效促进秧苗发育，提高秧苗质量。再者，通过向营养土喷洒杀菌液，可以防止土壤中的细菌、病毒和真菌影响水稻生长。最后，通过严格控制育秧棚的温度和湿度，为水稻生长创造适宜的环境。

Description

一种水稻育秧方法
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种植技术领域，具体涉及一种水稻育秧方法。
背景技术
水稻的育秧质量是决定水稻产量的重要因素，根须发达、枝叶挺拔的壮秧意味着水稻生长的先天优势，是稳产增产的重要保障。我国是传统的水稻生产大国，对壮秧的需求量很大。
传统的田间水田育秧方法，虽然可以培育出符合机插要求的壮秧，但是存在如下缺陷：①育秧、起秧劳动强度大，对人的身体伤害较大，且随着我国经济发展，人工成本越来越高，在经济上并不合适；②秧苗品质难以保证，受外界气候环境影响大，如果育秧播种时碰到连续低温阴雨就会出现出苗不匀、出苗率低的问题；③栽插起苗受限于天候，如碰到连阴雨天气，秧板无法搬运与栽插，影响及时栽插。
发明内容
本发明提供一种水稻育秧方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)种子预处理：将水稻种子经风选和/或水选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物；将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡1～1.5天，再用黄腐植酸溶液浸种4～6小时，而后换用双氧水浸泡25～40min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声5～10min，摊晾2～3h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5～6h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
(2)配制营养土：将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥140～280份、甲壳素4～8份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～10份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～6份和氮肥2～6份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度和湿度，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述用去离子水浸泡时每隔5～7小时换一次水。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述黄腐植酸溶液的质量体积比为7～9g/L。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述双氧水的质量体积比为6～10g/L。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸25～35份、赤霉素28～34份、解草啶6～8份、萘乙酸4～6份、硼砂1～4份、生根粉3～5份、姜黄素1～3份、复硝酚钠1～2份、去离子水30～40份。
优选地，所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸30份、赤霉素30份、解草啶6份、萘乙酸4份、硼砂2份、生根粉3份、姜黄素2份、复硝酚钠1份、去离子水35份。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述超声的频率为50～200KHz，超声功率为300～800W。
优选地，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(2)中所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥150～250份、甲壳素4～7份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～7份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～5份和氮肥2～5份。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(3)中所述杀菌液为浓度15～25％的多菌灵水溶液。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(4)中所述育秧棚内的温度为20～25℃，湿度为75～85％。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供水稻种子育秧方法，先对水稻种子进行预处理：去离子水浸泡、黄腐植酸溶液浸泡、双氧水浸泡，超声，浸种剂浸泡等多种处理手段相辅相成，协同发挥作用，大幅提升了种子的发芽率，水稻种子发芽率达到95％以上。然后配制营养丰富且均衡的营养土，可以有效促进秧苗发育，提高秧苗质量。再者，通过向营养土喷洒杀菌液，可以防止土壤中的细菌、病毒和真菌影响水稻生长。最后，通过严格控制育秧棚的温度和湿度，为水稻生长创造适宜的环境。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种一种水稻育秧方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)种子预处理：将水稻种子经风选和/或水选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物；将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡1～1.5天，再用黄腐植酸溶液浸种4～6小时，而后换用双氧水浸泡25～40min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声5～10min(超声的频率为50～200KHz，超声功率为300～800W)，摊晾2～3h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5～6h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
(2)配制营养土：将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥140～280份、甲壳素4～8份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～10份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～6份和氮肥2～6份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液：浓度15～25％的多菌灵水溶液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度20～25℃和湿度75～85％，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述用去离子水浸泡时每隔5～7小时换一次水。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述黄腐植酸溶液的质量体积比为7～9g/L。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述双氧水的质量体积比为6～10g/L。
其中，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(1)中所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸25～35份、赤霉素28～34份、解草啶6～8份、萘乙酸4～6份、硼砂1～4份、生根粉3～5份、姜黄素1～3份、复硝酚钠1～2份、去离子水30～40份。
优选地，所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸30份、赤霉素30份、解草啶6份、萘乙酸4份、硼砂2份、生根粉3份、姜黄素2份、复硝酚钠1份、去离子水35份。
优选地，上述水稻育秧方法，步骤(2)中所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥150～250份、甲壳素4～7份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～7份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～5份和氮肥2～5份。
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1
水稻育秧方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将水稻种子经风选和水选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物；将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡1.5天，每隔6小时换一次水；再用质量体积比为8g/L的黄腐植酸溶液浸种6小时，而后换用质量体积比为9g/L的双氧水浸泡30min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声10min(超声的频率为200KHz，超声功率为500W)，摊晾3h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
浸种剂由以下重量份数的组分制备得到：聚天门冬氨酸30份、赤霉素30份、解草啶6份、萘乙酸4份、硼砂2份、生根粉3份、姜黄素2份、复硝酚钠1份、去离子水35份。
(2)将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥230份、甲壳素7份、麦饭石30份、蛭石30份、细河沙20份、硒肥8份、钾肥5份、磷肥5份和氮肥5份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液：浓度18％的多菌灵水溶液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度20～25℃和湿度80％左右，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
实施例2
水稻育秧方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将水稻种子经风选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物，将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡1天，每隔5小时换一次水；再用质量体积比为7g/L的黄腐植酸溶液浸种5小时，而后换用质量体积比为10g/L的双氧水浸泡40min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声7min(超声的频率为120KHz，超声功率为600W)，摊晾2h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸28份、赤霉素34份、解草啶7份、萘乙酸6份、硼砂3份、生根粉5份、姜黄素3份、复硝酚钠1份、去离子水40份。
(2)配制营养土：将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥180份、甲壳素5份、麦饭石25份、蛭石20份、细河沙25份、硒肥6份、钾肥4份、磷肥4份和氮肥5份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液：浓度20％的多菌灵水溶液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度20～25℃和湿度80％左右，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
实施例3
水稻育秧方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将水稻种子经水选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物，将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡28h，每隔7小时换一次水；再用质量体积比为9g/L的黄腐植酸溶液浸种4小时，而后换用质量体积比为6g/L的双氧水浸泡35min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声8min(超声的频率为160KHz，超声功率为600W)，摊晾2～3h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸32份、赤霉素30份、解草啶8份、萘乙酸5份、硼砂1份、生根粉3份、姜黄素1.6份、复硝酚钠1.5份、去离子水40份。
(2)配制营养土：将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥260份、甲壳素6份、麦饭石28份、蛭石26份、细河沙30份、硒肥7份、钾肥4份、磷肥4份和氮肥6份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液：浓度18％的多菌灵水溶液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度20～25℃和湿度80％左右，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)种子预处理：将水稻种子经风选和/或水选处理，清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及杂物；将筛选得到的种子用去离子水常温浸泡1～1.5天，再用黄腐植酸溶液浸种4～6小时，而后换用双氧水浸泡25～40min；浸泡完成后采用去离子水洗净，超声5～10min，摊晾2～3h后，将种子放入浸种剂中浸泡5～6h，去离子水冲洗干净后置于25℃的恒温箱中催芽，当90％以上的种子出芽后，即可播种；
(2)配制营养土：将营养土平铺于育苗盘中，所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥140～280份、甲壳素4～8份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～10份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～6份和氮肥2～6份；
(3)将上述营养土装至育秧盘，向营养土上喷洒杀菌液，至营养土轻微润湿即可；
(4)步骤(3)完成后，将育秧盘放入育秧棚中，将步骤(1)发芽后的种子播种在育秧盘内，播种完成后均匀覆盖营养土并滴透水，保持育秧棚内温度和湿度，待秧苗达到秧龄后，起秧并在秧田插秧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述用去离子水浸泡时每隔5～7小时换一次水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述黄腐植酸溶液的质量体积比为7～9g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述双氧水的质量体积比为6～10g/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述浸种剂包括以下重量份数的组分：聚天门冬氨酸25～35份、赤霉素28～34份、解草啶6～8份、萘乙酸4～6份、硼砂1～4份、生根粉3～5份、姜黄素1～3份、复硝酚钠1～2份、去离子水30～40份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述超声的频率为50～200KHz，超声功率为300～800W。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述营养土由以下重量份数的组分制成：腐熟有机肥150～250份、甲壳素4～7份、麦饭石20～30份、蛭石20～30份、细河沙20～30份、硒肥5～7份、钾肥2～5份、磷肥3～5份和氮肥2～5份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述杀菌液为浓度15～25％的多菌灵水溶液。
9.根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的水稻育秧方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中所述育秧棚内的温度为20～25℃，湿度为75～85％。
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