CN109287538A - A kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system and its application - Google Patents
A kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287538A CN109287538A CN201811128666.XA CN201811128666A CN109287538A CN 109287538 A CN109287538 A CN 109287538A CN 201811128666 A CN201811128666 A CN 201811128666A CN 109287538 A CN109287538 A CN 109287538A
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- water
- crab cultivation
- crab
- pollution control
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system and its application, which includes inlet and outlet system, water circulation system and water purification system three parts, and the inlet and outlet system includes water inlet, overflow port；Water circulation system includes the pond ridge, annular ditch, curb, platform, plugflow aeration machine, and the water purification system includes submerged plant and zoobenthos.The present invention is the organic unity of crab ecologic breeding, hydrodynamic force regulation and purification of water quality.Outstanding advantages of the present invention be follow shallow water crab cultivation rule, Manual material feeding and medicament using less, hydrodynamic condition is good, self-purification capacity is strong, nitrogen phosphorus effects of purification quality is good.Small investment, operating cost are low；Technological operation is simple, high treating effect, ecological environment benefit are good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection and water remediation fields, and in particular to a kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system and its answer
With.
Background technique
China Water product in 2012 accounts for the 38% of global aquatic products total amount according to statistics, occupies the first in the world for years.Its
Middle pond culture occupies an important position, especially the higher crab cultivation of economic value.Crab cultivation is needed by good water
Body environment, water body quality determine the yield and quality of crab.Crab cultivation adds artitificial food and chemistry by a large amount of at present
Feed etc. not only pollutes the water quality of culture pond, also causes damages to surrounding enviroment.Therefore, setting for the crab cultivation pool how is solved
The problem of meter and regulating and controlling water quality, has become the key that green, health, ecology are moved towards in aquaculture.
The Chinese patent " method of electrolytic process industry or aquiculture waste water " of application number 200410002770.6, is related to
Organic dirt in industry or aquiculture waste water is removed by rupture, chemical reaction, effective oxidation or flotation effect with electrolysis
Contaminate the algae and phytoplankton of substance, ammonia nitrogen, pigment, excessive multiplication, and the method that disinfection can be played.But this method
Operating cost is high, secondary pollution is big.
Chinese patent " a kind of industrialized aquiculture comprehensive treatment method for wastewater and the place of application number 200410053648.1
Reason system ".Wastewater treatment for industrialized aquiculture.By industrial aquaculture bottom of pond portion rich in metabolites such as excrement and ammonia
And the waste water of residual feed is transported to tilted plate separator, the biggish excrement of partial size and residual feed are deposited in settling zone, then
The lesser excrement of partial size and residual feed are intercepted into area before filtration by mechanical filter, waste water is entered back into nitrobacteria as Jie
The biofilter of matter converts ammonia into nitrate using nitrobacteria, and waste water is back to aquaculture pond again and recycles, sloping plate deposition
The excrement and residual feed and the flocculate of biofilter bottom accumulation of device settling zone and mechanical filter filtering proparea accumulation
It is periodically transported to sediment using water planting straw or like vegetable as the plant filter of medium, cyclic irrigation water planting straw or like vegetable is solid to complete
The absorption even depth processing of the interception of body object and nitrate, microcosmic salt etc., and periodically flow back and mechanical filter is backwashed.But
This method operating cost is big, crab disease incidence is high, and operational management is complicated.
A kind of Chinese patent " sterilizing method of aquiculture waste water " of application number 200610036647.5, is related to sewage
Process field discloses a kind of sterilizing method of aquiculture waste water.This method relies primarily on the FeSO under acid condition4
And H2O2It reacts the OH free radical generated and reaches disinfection and sterilization purpose, method particularly includes: first aquiculture waste water pH value is adjusted
To 4~6, FeSO is then added4, make 0.03~0.10mmol/L of concentration in its pool water within, be sufficiently stirred, add H2O2It is molten
Liquid makes 0.3~1.0mmol/L of concentration in its pool water within, and reaction is discharged after ten minutes, and entire treatment process was less than 20 minutes.
But operating cost is high, and sludge yield is big, needs to adjust pH.
A kind of Chinese patent " composite bacteria-algae preparation for purifying aquaculture waste water of application number 200910077356.4
Method ", a kind of composite bacteria-algae preparation is made of nitrobacteria, bacillus licheniformis, scenedesmus obliquus and crescent moon algae, wherein nitrification
Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis, scenedesmus obliquus and crescent moon algae volume ratio be 1-2:1-3:1-3:1-3, every milliliter of microbial inoculant
Amount is 8*106CFU.Composite bacteria-algae preparation can also use well known investment, with nitrobacteria, bacillus licheniformis, tiltedly life
Scenedesmus and crescent moon algae are embedding bacterium, are made using polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, active carbon, silica and calcium carbonate by embedding medium
Globular immobilization preparation.Bacterium, algae and the immobilization material that the present invention uses do not have toxic side effect to aquiculture animal,
Can effective purifying aquaculture waste water, bacterium, algae can inhibit the growth of harmful pathogen to a certain extent, process for fixation behaviour
Make simply, will be easy to save after efficient bacterium algae microbial bacterial agent immobilization, transport, immobilization material is economical and practical, is easy to recycle
It recycles.But this method operating cost is high, is likely to result in secondary pollution, and treatment effect needs to be further increased.
Chinese patent " the method for removing solid suspended particles in aquaculture system of application number 200910196851.7
And filtration system ", provide a kind of method and filtration system used for removing solid suspension in aquaculture system, side
Method are as follows: by the aquiculture waste water containing solid suspended particles from water inlet pipe continuously into the filtering rotary drum to Microfilter
Interior, waste water after filtering rotary drum filter screen filtration from drainpipe by being discharged；Intermittently driving filtering rotary drum rotation, starts simultaneously
Back purge system is rinsed filter screen, and the particulate matter on filter screen is washed away, and stops filtering rotary drum after flushing
The flushing of rotation and back purge system.The filtration system includes Microfilter and automatic power control device, which includes machine
Lid, cabinet, central support shaft, filtering rotary drum, back purge system, backwash pump, dirt collecting bucket, motor, transmission device, water inlet pipe
And drainpipe.But this method is weaker for the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition substance and water ecosystem regulation.
Chinese patent " the biological purification method and siphoning reciprocating type of aquiculture waste water of application number 200910199687.5
Biofilter ", disclose the biological purification method and siphoning reciprocating type biofilter of a kind of aquiculture waste water, this method
Waste water persistently to be poured into the purify cavity body of filter；Outlet pipeline drains, and water level rises in purify cavity body；In purify cavity body
Water level is higher than at the top of siphoning installation, and siphonage generates, and outlet pipeline and siphoning installation drain outward together, water in purify cavity body
Potential drop is low；Siphon is destroyed, siphonage stops, and siphoning installation stops draining outward；It repeats the above steps.The biological cleaning of offer
Method and filter realize the automatic of water level using siphon principle and pump；Realize the continuous work of single cavity
Make；Make to generate relative displacement between filler, realizes auto purification effect；The movement of filler improves biofilm surface solid, liquid two-phase
Between nutriment mass transfer situation, improve nitration reaction efficiency, ammonia nitrogen removal is high-efficient, stable；Structure is simple, manufactures
It is low with operating cost, occupied area is small, applied widely.But this method investment is big, operating cost is high, needs to take up an area.Operation
Management is inconvenient.
The Chinese patent of application number 201010228583.5 be " protein feed production by recycling of aquaculture wastewater treatment process
Device and method ", a kind of device and method of protein feed production by recycling of aquaculture wastewater treatment process are disclosed, from factory
The angle for changing circulating water culture system cultivation water process is set out, and solves that existing cultivation water treatment technology is at high cost, treatment effeciency
Low, the problems such as system trophism salt assimilation capacity is low.Including the culture of integral biological wadding body and resource utilization device, cultivation is useless
Water enters the reaction chamber of the culture of integral biological wadding body Yu resource utilization device from batch-type in the middle part of device, by reaction chamber
The utilization of microorganism, proliferation are converted into biological floe；Reuse is to cultivating system again for processed waste water, while with regular spoil disposal
Mode collects the biological floe of certain sludge age to the resource utilization room of device lower part, and the biological floe of harvest is air-dried through simple
It can be directly used for forage protein source after processing, to realize the dual purpose of cultivation wastewater purification processing and waste resource recovery.But
This method investment is big, operating cost is high, operational administrative is inconvenient.
" it is feeding to disclose a kind of aquatic products to the Chinese patent of application number 201010278036.8 for aquiculture wastewater treatment device
Grow wastewater treatment equipment ", it includes: that waste water is discharged into mouth, drainage ditch, sieve bend, sieve bend bracket, clear water canal, sewage sump and consolidates
Change pond；The waste water, which is discharged into mouth and connect with drainage ditch side, to be communicated；It is opening setting, opening in the middle part of the other side of the drainage ditch
Lower section be equipped with sieve bend bracket；The sieve bend is arranged on sieve bend bracket, and the sieve bend bracket is arranged right below
Clear water canal, the water of the clear water canal are discharged into next stage processing equipment or are directly entered aquaculture pond；The sieve bend lower edges connect
Sewage sump is connect, which connect with solidifying pool communicates.But this method cuts down deficiency to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, and there are asking for secondary pollution
Topic.
Application number 201310610728.1 Chinese patent " aquaculture water purifying sterilizing and activation integral makeup set and its
Method ", the invention discloses aquaculture water purifying sterilizings and activation integral makeup to set, including cabinet and is located in the box body electricity
Solution system, aerating system and activation system, electrolysis system and aerating system are located at the top of cabinet, and activation system is located at cabinet
Lower part, the device integrate the technologies such as filtering, electrolysis, aeration and activation, and unit is small in size, and combination dilatation is convenient, dress
It is extremely low to set energy consumption, operating cost is far below other traditional disinfection modes；The invention also discloses a kind of aquaculture Water warfares to disappear
Poison and activation method, including filtering → electrolysis → aeration → activation → flushing, this method can effectively carry out aquiculture waste water
Purifying sterilizing and activation, are not necessarily to additional any medicament, and breeding wastewater zero-emission is realized in secondary pollution caused by avoiding because of outer adding medicine
It puts, moreover, having no effect by short-term oxygenation processing to cultivation fish, shrimp, shellfish growth and development, does not generate carcinogen, safety
It is harmless.But this method operating cost is high, there are problems that sludge secondary pollution.
" multifunctional ecological for being related to a kind of scale recirculating aquaculture water is net for the Chinese patent of application number 201410472545.2
Change system ", carry out changing Water warfare for the breeding wastewater to pond, the purification system include High-rate sedimentation filtering area, ecology support
Purifying area, Constructed Wetland For Purifying area, collecting-tank and automation water quality monitoring regulation device are grown, High-rate sedimentation filtering area, ecology are supported
Grow purifying area, Constructed Wetland For Purifying area is used to automate water in water quality monitoring regulation device monitoring purification system to water body purification
Weight, and control the operation of purification system.But this method takes up a large area, there are problems that secondary pollution.
Application number 201510422393.X Chinese patent " disclose it is a kind of propagate artificially tail water machinery and plant purification
System ", it is desirable to provide it is a kind of to carry out circular treatment, the machinery for propagating tail water artificially utilized to aquiculture waste water and plant
Object purification system.It includes sedimentation basin, aeration tank, mechanical filter equipment, algae purification pond and ozonization pond, the sedimentation basin
It is connected with aeration tank, the mechanical filter equipment includes pumping conduit, water pump and the first drainpipe, and the one of the pumping conduit
End is connected with aeration tank, and the other end is connected with the water inlet of water pump, the water inlet port of first drainpipe and going out for water pump
The mouth of a river is connected, and the water outlet port of the first drainpipe is connected with algae purification pond, the algae purification pond and ozonization pond phase
Connection.But this method investment is big, operating cost is high, operational administrative is complicated.
The Chinese patent " the aeration filtration processing unit of aquiculture waste water " of application number 201510423968.X, discloses
A kind of aeration filtration processing unit of aquiculture waste water, it is desirable to provide one kind can carry out at circulation aquiculture waste water
The aeration filtration processing unit of the aquiculture waste water manage, utilized.It includes sedimentation basin, aeration tank, mechanical filter equipment and increasing
Oxygen pond, the sedimentation basin are connected with aeration tank, and the mechanical filter equipment includes pumping conduit, water pump and the first drainpipe,
One end of the pumping conduit is connected with aeration tank, and the other end is connected with the water inlet of water pump, first drainpipe into
Water end (W.E.) mouth is connected with the water outlet of water pump, and the water outlet port of the first drainpipe is connected with oxygenation pond.But this method investment is big, fortune
Row is at high cost, there are problems that sludge secondary pollution.
A kind of Chinese patent " marine culture wastewater treatment process " of application number 201510424141.0, discloses a kind of sea
A kind of water cultivating wastewater purification technique, it is desirable to provide sea-farming that can be carried out circular treatment to aquiculture waste water, utilize
Waste water treatment process.It includes first stage precipitation tank, filtering ponds, second-level settling pond, mechanical filter equipment, algae purification pond, ozone
Sterilization pool and oxygenation pond, the first stage precipitation tank are connected with filtering ponds, and filtering ponds are connected with second-level settling pond, the machinery
Filter plant includes pumping conduit, water pump and the first drainpipe, and one end of the pumping conduit is connected with second-level settling pond, another
End is connected with the water inlet of water pump, and the water inlet port of first drainpipe is connected with the water outlet of water pump, the first draining
The water outlet port of pipe is connected with algae purification pond, and the algae purification pond is connected with ozonization pond, ozonization pond and increasing
Oxygen pond is connected.But this method investment is big, takes up a large area, operating cost height.
A kind of Chinese patent " aquiculture waste water advanced nitrogen complex solid carbon source of application number 201510859730.1
The preparation method of filler ", disclose a kind of preparation method of aquiculture waste water advanced nitrogen complex solid carbon source filler.It will
A certain amount of powder semen litchi and sodium carbonate is added in Glucomannan aqueous solution, stirs evenly；In heating water bath after being stored at room temperature；So
It cools down and is freezed afterwards；It is last freeze-dried up to complex solid carbon source filler.It is useless using the agricultural containing much starch
Gurry Lychee Seed and natural polysaccharide substance Glucomannan, preparation method is simple, and reaction condition is mild, can be as carbon source again
It can be used as filler, can be completely degraded, it is free from environmental pollution.It can be processing breeding wastewater biological denitrification denitrogenation or sewage
Advanced treating and underground water biological denitrification denitrogenation a kind of economic carbon source is provided.This method is for organic matter and other dirts
It is indefinite to contaminate object removal effect, operational administrative is complicated.
A kind of Chinese patent " disclosing aquiculture waste water inorganic agent " of application number 201610028311.8, including component A:
The component A is at least one selected from calcium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium selenite, magnesium sulfate；B component: the B component is
At least one is selected from DL- METHIONINE, L-lysine salt, tryptophan, threonine, glycine betaine, shrimp plain element, glucan, peptide glycan, ferment
Female, lipopolysaccharides；Component C: the component C is at least one selected from humic acid sodium powder, thiosulfuric acid sodium powder, aluminum aluminum sulfate powder；D group
Point: the D group be divided into it is at least one selected from Radix Glycyrrhizae, mung bean flour, cortex acanthopanacis, Radix Codonopsis, dried orange peel, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, cape jasmine, gypsum, cortex dictamni,
Folium isatidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Isatidis, eupatorium, radix bupleuri accelerate water body processing speed by promoting the growth of planktonic organism in breeding water body
Rate improves the self-purification capacity of water body, promotes water body environment to improve, will not impact, not will cause to the fish in water body
Secondary pollution.But there are secondary pollutions for this method, unobvious to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution object and ecosystem balance effect.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is for shallow water crab cultivation bait dosage is big, hydrodynamic condition is poor, severe water pollution
Etc. outstanding problems, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of crab cultivation water pollution control systems.The system
It is particularly suitable for the cultivation of shallow water crab.According to the growth characteristic of shallow water crab cultivation and water pollution feature, disengaging is devised
It is net to fully demonstrate pond design optimization, waterpower regulation and water quality for three water system, water circulation system, water purification system parts
The organic unity of change.Reasonable filling drainage system is formed by inlet and outlet system.Water circulation system improves culture pond hydrodynamic force item
Part improves self-purification capacity.Water purification system uses the food of submerged plant and zoobenthos as crab, reduces man-made feeds
With the use of medicament, while can with purifying aquaculture pool water quality, improve water transparency, reduce concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus.Present invention protrusion is excellent
Point is to follow that shallow water crab cultivation rule, hydrodynamic condition is good, self-purification capacity is strong, effects of purification quality is good.Small investment, operation at
This is at low cost；Technological operation is simple, high treating effect, ecological environment benefit are good.
Also there is provided crab cultivation water pollution control systems in terms of crab cultivation for technical problems to be solved by the present invention
Application.
The last technical problems to be solved of the present invention there is provided a kind of fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control method,
It is specifically water pollutant cutting method.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, special according to the growth characteristic of shallow water crab cultivation and water pollution
Sign, the present invention provides a kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system, which includes inlet and outlet system, water circulation system and water
Matter purification system three parts, the inlet and outlet system include water inlet, overflow port；Water circulation system include the pond ridge, annular ditch,
Curb, platform, plugflow aeration machine, the water purification system include submerged plant and zoobenthos.
Wherein, the crab cultivation water pollution control system is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the water inlet and overflow port setting exist
Width direction and both sides arrangement, Parallel to the flow direction setting.Water inlet is lower than 0.5m~1.0m under ordinary water level, and caliber is not less than
200mm, overflow open height are not less than ordinary water level height, and caliber is not less than 300mm.
Wherein, the pond ridge is arranged along the crab cultivation water pollution control system surrounding, be higher than ordinary water level 1.0~
1.5m。
Wherein, 4~6m of the annular ditch width, 1.0~1.5m of the depth of water arrange, area accounts for crab cultivation against the pond ridge
The 30~40% of area, for annular ditch to platform side gradient 1:2~1:3, platform area is the 55~65% of crab cultivation area, water
Deep 0.5~0.7m.
Wherein, the curb is located among platform, and is connected with annular ditch, 4~6m of width, 1.0~1.5m of the depth of water,
Area accounts for the 5%~15% of crab cultivation area.
Wherein, the surrounding of crab cultivation water pollution control system is arranged in the plugflow aeration machine, diagonally arranges, guarantees
Water circulation in farm, general no less than 4,0.75~1.5kW of power.
Wherein, the submerged plant is set in annular ditch and curb, and water plant type is eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, Yi Le
One or more of algae, 90 plants/m of planting density2More than, zoobenthos is set on platform, mainly based on spiral shell, density
For 0.2~0.3kg/m2.It avoids water plant aging, disconnected branch, floating, rot to negatively affect cultivation water environment bring.The pool mouthful knot
Structure will be conducive to the growth of different cultivars water plant, be conducive to self purification of water body, be conducive to river crab feeding activity and inhabit.
The content of present invention further includes application of the crab cultivation water pollution control system in terms of crab cultivation.This hair
Application in terms of the bright cultivation for mainly including but are not limited to fresh water shallow water crab.
The content of present invention further includes a kind of fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollution reduction method, and the method is based on the crab
The method of crab cultivating system, method includes the following steps:
Step 1): moisturizing is carried out to the shallow water crab cultivation pool by water inlet in inlet and outlet system, superfluous water passes through overflow
Mouth overflows；Reinforce the supply of fresh water and the discharge of superfluous water in the crab cultivation pool, improves water body flow.
Step 2): Hydraulic Circulation is carried out by the annular ditch of water circulation system during crab cultivation, passes through curb
Supplement circulation is carried out, for plugflow aeration machine according to dissolved oxygen in water body and ammonia nitrogen water quality situation control switch, platform is crab night
The main place of rest and growth course ejection.
Step 3): crab relies primarily on submerged plant and zoobenthos 3-2 in water purification system during the growth process and mentions
It is purified for food and to water body environment.
Wherein, by reducing the adding and using water plant and zoobenthos 3-2 of man-made feeds in the step 3)
Catharsis improves water quality and reasonable compound fertilizer.
Further, according to the crab cultivation period, after winter cultivation pool water discharge, to annular ditch, curb peace
Platform is arranged, spread quick lime carry out disinfection, quick lime dosage be 0.15~0.25kg/m2.Annular ditch and curb are appropriate
Retain, clearing out part can be placed on platform, for improving soil fertility.
The water purification system Water-quality control target: DO >=4.5mg/L, pH 7~8, NH3- N≤0.5mg/L, COD≤
20mg/L；DO influences the concentration of water body all kinds of dissolution substances, by the photosynthesis and each quasi-microorganism that directly affect plant
Vital movement, and influence the substance metabolism process of entire water body.PH value neutrality or meta-alkalescence.Excessive concentration easily leads to river crab
Poisoning, morbidity, or even high-volume are dead.NH3- N excessive concentration enters blood by cheek breathing, declines blood oxygen carrying capability,
Lead to reduction of ingesting, has difficulty in breathing.Water body NH3- N concentration is excessively high for a long time to also result in the growth of water body disease bacterium, and river crab catches an illness extremely
It dies.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, outstanding advantages of the present invention are:
(1) present invention establishes source and reduces man-made feeds dispensing using crab cultivation water correction and contamination control as core
Increase water plant and zoobenthos, is improved by hydraulics and carry out process control, it is finally net with aeration, water plant and zoobenthos ecology
Guarantee is turned to, the water correction and contamination control system of shallow water crab cultivation pool are formd, solves shallow water crab cultivation bait
The outstanding problems such as dosage is big, hydrodynamic condition is poor, severe water pollution.
(2) construction investment is few and easy to implement.Based on reuse in situ and processing, land occupation and construction investment are reduced, is passed through
Inlet and outlet system forms reasonable filling drainage system.Water circulation system improves culture pond hydrodynamic condition, improves self-purification capacity.Water
Matter purification system uses the food of submerged plant and zoobenthos as crab, reduces the use of man-made feeds and medicament, simultaneously
It can improve water transparency with purifying aquaculture pool water quality, reduce concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(3) effects of purification quality is good, and operational management is flexible.Pond water quality after processing: DO >=4.5mg/L, pH 7~8,
NH3-N≤0.5mg/L.Outstanding advantages of the present invention be follow shallow water crab cultivation rule, hydrodynamic condition is good, self-purification capacity is strong,
Effects of purification quality is good.Technological operation is simple, high treating effect, ecological environment benefit are good.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the floor plan of crab cultivation water pollution control system；
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of crab cultivation water pollution control system；
Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of crab cultivation water pollution control system；
Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of crab cultivation water pollution control system；
Fig. 5 is the D-D sectional view of crab cultivation water pollution control system；
In figure: three inlet and outlet system, water circulation system, water purification system parts.Wherein inlet and outlet system include into
The mouth of a river (1-1), overflow port (1-2)；Water circulation system includes the pond ridge (2-1), annular ditch (2-2), curb (2-3), platform
(2-4), plugflow aeration machine (2-5)；Water purification system includes submerged plant (3-1), zoobenthos (3-2).
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Certain fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control system, 30 mu of the area of the crab cultivation water pollution control system,
It include three inlet and outlet system, water circulation system, water purification system parts.Wherein inlet and outlet system include water inlet 1-1,
Overflow port 1-2；Water circulation system includes pond ridge 2-1, annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3, platform 2-4, plugflow aeration machine 2-5；
Water purification system includes submerged plant 3-1, zoobenthos 3-2.Wherein water inlet 1-1 and overflow port 1-2 in inlet and outlet system
Setting is in width direction and both sides arrangement, Parallel to the flow direction setting.Water inlet 1-1 is lower than 0.5m under ordinary water level, and caliber is not low
In 200mm, overflow port 1-2 height is not less than ordinary water level height, and caliber is not less than 300mm.
Pond ridge 2-1 is arranged along surrounding in water circulation system, is higher than ordinary water level 1.0m, width 1.5m, natural earth embankment.Ring
Shape ditch 2-2 width 4m, depth of water 1.0m arrange, area accounts for the 30% of shallow water crab cultivation area against pond ridge 2-1；Annular ditch
2-2 is to platform 2-4 side slope degree 1:3.Platform 2-4 area is the 65% of shallow water crab cultivation area, depth of water 0.5m；Curb 2-3
It is connected among platform 2-4, and with annular ditch 2-2, width 4m, depth of water 1.0m, area account for shallow water crab cultivation area
5%.Plugflow aeration machine 2-5 is arranged 4 and diagonally arranges in shallow water crab cultivation surrounding, guarantees water circulation in farm, function
Rate 0.75kW.
Submerged plant 3-1 is set in annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 in water purification system, water plant type be eel grass,
Based on hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, 90 plants/m of planting density2.Zoobenthos 3-2 is set on platform 2-4, is mainly with spiral shell
It is main, density 0.2kg/m2.It avoids water plant aging, disconnected branch, floating, rot to negatively affect cultivation water environment bring.The pool mouthful
Structure will be conducive to the growth of different cultivars water plant, be conducive to self purification of water body, be conducive to river crab feeding activity and inhabit.
According to the crab cultivation period, after winter cultivation pool water discharge, to annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3 and platform 2-
4 are arranged, spread quick lime carry out disinfection, quick lime dosage be 0.15kg/m2。
Annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 suitably retain, and clearing out part can be placed on platform 2-4, for improving soil fertilizer
Power.
The present embodiment further includes that the fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant based on the crab cultivation water pollution control system is cut
Subtract method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) carries out moisturizing to the shallow water crab cultivation pool by water inlet 1-1 in inlet and outlet system, and superfluous water is by overflowing
Head piece 1-2 overflows.Reinforce the supply of fresh water and the discharge of superfluous water in the crab cultivation pool, improves water body flow.
Step 2) carries out Hydraulic Circulation by the annular ditch 2-2 of water circulation system during crab cultivation, passes through water conservancy diversion
Ditch 2-3 carries out supplement circulation, and plugflow aeration machine 2-5 is switched according to dissolved oxygen in water body and ammonia nitrogen water quality situation controlling value.Platform
2-4 is the main place of crab night's rest and growth course ejection.
Step 3) crab relies primarily on submerged plant 3-1 in water purification system during the growth process, zoobenthos 3-2 is mentioned
It is purified for food and to water body environment.Reduce man-made feeds add and using water plant and zoobenthos purification make
With the improvement nutrients such as water quality and reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus.
Water purification system Water-quality control target: DO >=4.5mg/L, pH 7~8, NH3- N≤0.5mg/L, COD≤
20mg/L, DO influence the concentration of all kinds of dissolution substances of water body, by the photosynthesis and each quasi-microorganism that directly affect plant
Vital movement, and influence the substance metabolism process of entire water body.PH value neutrality or meta-alkalescence.Excessive concentration easily leads to river
Crab poisoning, morbidity, or even high-volume are dead.NH3- N excessive concentration enters blood by cheek breathing, makes under blood oxygen carrying capability
Drop, leads to reduction of ingesting, and has difficulty in breathing.Water body NH3- N concentration is excessively high for a long time to also result in the growth of water body disease bacterium, and river crab catches an illness
It is dead.
Fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant fluxes effect is shown in Table 1.
1 fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollutant of table cuts down effect
Embodiment 2
Certain fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control system, 30 mu of the area of crab cultivation water pollution control system, packet
Three inlet and outlet system, water circulation system, water purification system parts are included.Wherein inlet and outlet system includes water inlet 1-1, overflows
Head piece 1-2；Water circulation system includes pond ridge 2-1, annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3, platform 2-4, plugflow aeration machine 2-5；Water
Matter purification system includes submerged plant 3-1, zoobenthos 3-2.Wherein water inlet 1-1 and overflow port 1-2 are set in inlet and outlet system
It sets in width direction and both sides arrangement, Parallel to the flow direction setting.Water inlet 1-1 is lower than 1.0m under ordinary water level, and caliber is not less than
200mm, overflow port 1-2 height are not less than ordinary water level height, and caliber is not less than 300mm.
Pond ridge 2-1 is arranged along surrounding in water circulation system, is higher than ordinary water level 1.5m, width 2.0m, natural earth embankment.Ring
Shape ditch 2-2 width 6m, depth of water 1.5m arrange, area accounts for the 35% of shallow water crab cultivation area against pond ridge 2-1；Annular ditch
2-2 is to platform 2-4 side slope degree 1:2.Platform 2-4 area is the 60% of shallow water crab cultivation area, depth of water 0.5m；Curb 2-3
It is connected among platform 2-4, and with annular ditch 2-2, width 6m, depth of water 1.5m, area account for shallow water crab cultivation area
5%.Plugflow aeration machine 2-5 is arranged 4 and diagonally arranges in shallow water crab cultivation surrounding, guarantees water circulation in farm, function
Rate 1.5kW.
Submerged plant 3-1 is set in annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 in water purification system, water plant type be eel grass,
Based on hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, 90 plants/m of planting density2.Zoobenthos 3-2 is set on platform 2-4, is mainly with spiral shell
It is main, density 0.3kg/m2.It avoids water plant aging, disconnected branch, floating, rot to negatively affect cultivation water environment bring.The pool mouthful
Structure will be conducive to the growth of different cultivars water plant, be conducive to self purification of water body, be conducive to river crab feeding activity and inhabit.
According to the crab cultivation period, after winter cultivation pool water discharge, to annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3 and platform 2-
4 are arranged, spread quick lime carry out disinfection, quick lime dosage be 0.25kg/m2。
Annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 suitably retain, and clearing out part can be placed on platform 2-4, for improving soil fertilizer
Power.
Remaining cultural method is shown in Table 2 with embodiment 1, fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant fluxes effect.
2 fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant fluxes effect of table
Embodiment 3
Certain fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control system, 30 mu of the area of the crab cultivation water pollution control system,
It include three inlet and outlet system, water circulation system, water purification system parts.Wherein inlet and outlet system include water inlet 1-1,
Overflow port 1-2；Water circulation system includes pond ridge 2-1, annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3, platform 2-4, plugflow aeration machine 2-5；
Water purification system includes submerged plant 3-1, zoobenthos 3-2.Wherein water inlet 1-1 and overflow port 1-2 in inlet and outlet system
Setting is in width direction and both sides arrangement, Parallel to the flow direction setting.Water inlet 1-1 is lower than 0.8m under ordinary water level, and caliber is not low
In 200mm, overflow port 1-2 height is not less than ordinary water level height, and caliber is not less than 300mm.
Pond ridge 2-1 is arranged along surrounding in water circulation system, is higher than ordinary water level 1.2m, width 1.8m, natural earth embankment.Ring
Shape ditch 2-2 width 5m, depth of water 1.3m arrange, area accounts for the 40% of shallow water crab cultivation area against pond ridge 2-1；Annular ditch
2-2 is to platform 2-4 side slope degree 1:3.Platform 2-4 area is the 55% of shallow water crab cultivation area, depth of water 0.5m；Curb 2-3
It is connected among platform 2-4, and with annular ditch 2-2, width 5m, depth of water 1.2m, area account for shallow water crab cultivation area
5%.Plugflow aeration machine 2-5 is arranged 4 and diagonally arranges in shallow water crab cultivation surrounding, guarantees water circulation in farm, function
Rate 0.75kW.
Submerged plant 3-1 is set in annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 in water purification system, water plant type be eel grass,
Based on hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, 90 plants/m of planting density2.Zoobenthos 3-2 is set on platform 2-4, is mainly with spiral shell
It is main, density 0.3kg/m2.It avoids water plant aging, disconnected branch, floating, rot to negatively affect cultivation water environment bring.The pool mouthful
Structure will be conducive to the growth of different cultivars water plant, be conducive to self purification of water body, be conducive to river crab feeding activity and inhabit.
According to the crab cultivation period, after winter cultivation pool water discharge, to annular ditch 2-2, curb 2-3 and platform 2-
4 are arranged, spread quick lime carry out disinfection, quick lime dosage be 0.2kg/m2。
Annular ditch 2-2 and curb 2-3 suitably retain, and clearing out part can be placed on platform 2-4, for improving soil fertilizer
Power.
Remaining cultural method is shown in Table 3 with embodiment 1, fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant fluxes effect.
3 fresh water shallow water crab cultivation pollutant fluxes effect of table
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: those skilled in the art are come
It says, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of crab cultivation water pollution control system, it is characterised in that: the system include inlet and outlet system, water circulation system and
Water purification system three parts, the inlet and outlet system include water inlet (1-1), overflow port (1-2)；The water circulation system packet
Include the pond ridge (2-1), annular ditch (2-2), curb (2-3), platform (2-4), plugflow aeration machine (2-5)；The purification of water quality
System includes submerged plant (3-1) and zoobenthos (3-2).
2. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the crab cultivation water pollution
Control system is rectangular parallelepiped structure, the water inlet (1-1) and overflow port (1-2) setting is in width direction and both sides are arranged, suitable
Water (flow) direction setting, the water inlet (1-1) are lower than 0.5m ~ 1.0m under ordinary water level, and the caliber of water inlet (1-1) is not less than
200mm, overflow port (1-2) are highly not less than ordinary water level height, and the caliber of overflow port (1-2) is not less than 300mm.
3. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pond ridge (2-1) edge
The crab cultivation system surrounding arrangement, is higher than 1.0 ~ 1.5m of ordinary water level, slope ratio 1:2 ~ 1:3 1.5 ~ 2.0m of width, naturally native
Dike.
4. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the annular ditch (2-2) is wide
4 ~ 6m, 1.0 ~ 1.5m of the depth of water are spent, is arranged against the pond ridge (2-1), area accounts for the 30% ~ 40% of crab cultivation area, annular ditch (2-
2) to platform (2-4) side slope degree 1:2 ~ 1:3, platform (2-4) area is the 55% ~ 65% of crab cultivation area, the depth of water 0.5~
0.7m。
5. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: curb (2-3) position
It is intermediate in platform (2-4), and be connected with annular ditch (2-2), 4 ~ 6m of width, 1.0 ~ 1.5m of the depth of water, area account for crab cultivation face
Long-pending 5%~15%.
6. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the plugflow aeration machine (2-
5) surrounding of crab cultivation system is set, is diagonally arranged, 0.75 ~ 1.5kW of power.
7. crab cultivation water pollution control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the submerged plant (3-1)
It is set in annular ditch (2-2) and curb (2-3), submerged plant (3-1) is one of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, waterweed
Or several, 90 plants/m of planting density2More than, zoobenthos (3-2) is set on platform (2-4), mainly based on spiral shell, density
For 0.2 ~ 0.3kg/m2。
8. application of the described in any item crab cultivation water pollution control systems of claim 1 ~ 7 in terms of crab cultivation.
9. a kind of fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control method, which is characterized in that the method is based on claim 1 ~ 7 times
The method of crab cultivation water pollution control system described in one, method includes the following steps:
Step 1): moisturizing is carried out to the shallow water crab cultivation pool by water inlet in inlet and outlet system (1-1), superfluous water passes through overflow
Mouth (1-2) overflows；
Step 2: Hydraulic Circulation is carried out by the annular ditch of water circulation system (2-2) during crab cultivation, passes through curb
(2-3) carries out supplement circulation, and plugflow aeration machine (2-5) is according to dissolved oxygen in water body and ammonia nitrogen water quality situation control switch, platform
(2-4) is the main place of crab night's rest and growth course ejection；
Step 3): crab relies primarily on submerged plant in water purification system (3-1) and zoobenthos (3-2) during the growth process
Food is provided and water body environment is purified.
10. a kind of fresh water shallow water crab cultivation water pollution control method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that according to
The crab cultivation period carries out annular ditch (2-2), curb (2-3) and platform (2-4) after winter cultivation pool water discharge
Arrange, spread quick lime carry out disinfection, quick lime dosage be 0.15 ~ 0.25kg/m2, annular ditch (2-2) and curb (2-3) are suitable
Work as reservation, clears out part and be placed on platform (2-4).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109819852A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-31 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of building structure of the hollow lotus field with pollution purification function |
| CN109997752A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of synchronous intensive culture pool and cultural method for realizing crab volume increase and purification of water quality reuse |
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| US4726321A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1988-02-23 | Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method and apparatus for farming softshell aquatic crustaceans |
| CN104521654A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for managing pool eutrophication by planting rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4726321A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1988-02-23 | Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method and apparatus for farming softshell aquatic crustaceans |
| CN104521654A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for managing pool eutrophication by planting rice |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109819852A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-31 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of building structure of the hollow lotus field with pollution purification function |
| CN109819852B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-06-04 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Structure of Hui type lotus root field with pollution purification function |
| CN109997752A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of synchronous intensive culture pool and cultural method for realizing crab volume increase and purification of water quality reuse |
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Application publication date: 20190201 |