CN109275549B - Water-locking fertilizer-preserving seedling growth base preparation device - Google Patents
Water-locking fertilizer-preserving seedling growth base preparation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109275549B CN109275549B CN201811160252.5A CN201811160252A CN109275549B CN 109275549 B CN109275549 B CN 109275549B CN 201811160252 A CN201811160252 A CN 201811160252A CN 109275549 B CN109275549 B CN 109275549B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/60—Apparatus for preparing growth substrates or culture media
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth base preparation device which comprises a rack, a feeding mechanism, a spiral extrusion mechanism, a forming mechanism and a cutting mechanism, wherein the spiral extrusion mechanism comprises a first spiral extrusion mechanism, a second spiral extrusion mechanism and a third spiral extrusion mechanism, and all stages of spiral extrusion mechanisms are mutually arranged in an angle crossing manner. The mixed materials are scattered, mixed, conveyed and extruded under the action of a screw extruder, and three-stage mixing extrusion is carried out. Each stage of mixed extrusion is subjected to the processes of scattering, mixing and re-extrusion forming of the forming materials, the conveying direction of the forming materials between each stage of mixed extrusion is changed continuously, the compactness and the forming rate of the seedling growth substrate are improved, and the produced seedling growth substrate can be soaked in water and showered without cracking and damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a device for preparing a water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth base.
Background
With the development of human society, natural resources are over-developed, land ecology is seriously degraded, and the desertification and desertification land areas in China respectively account for more than 1/4 and more than 1/6 of the total area of the national soil, so that the most serious ecological problem in China is solved. A large number of ecological restoration projects including a return grass from pasture and land, a return grass from farming and forest and a desertification grassland treatment project have been approved and implemented in China, and although certain effects are achieved, the survival rate and the growth of species are limited due to reduction of atmospheric precipitation, serious artificial interference, poor water and fertilizer conditions of sandy soil and the like, and the phenomenon of 'small and old trees' or large-area death occurs. Aiming at the problem of vegetation water and fertilizer deficiency caused by the phenomena of 'old and small trees' and 'desert under forest' in sand restoration, the development of a growth medium with water and fertilizer locking and maintaining functions for the growth of restoration species and a device for preparing the growth medium with water and fertilizer locking and maintaining functions are urgently needed, the normal growth requirement of vegetation in sand is met, the survival rate of vegetation in sand is improved, and the ecological environment of sand is restored.
The existing seedling growth base is made of a mixed material of straws, starch, boric acid, formaldehyde and water through an extrusion forming process, and the straw material used for making the growth base has strong rebound resilience, so that the formed growth base has high compactness, and the growth base is easy to deform and crack in the transportation and use processes even after being formed, particularly in the rain and internal grouting processes. In order to enhance the compactness of the growth substrate, too high extrusion force needs to be applied to the mixed materials during the manufacturing process, so that the power consumption of the motor is huge, the cost cannot be controlled, and when the pressure for manufacturing the growth substrate is reduced, the growth substrate extruded and formed in the transportation process is easy to loose and deform, even completely disperse and cannot be used. In order to solve the problem, the used straws are fully crushed and screened, the influence on the compactness of the growth base is reduced by reducing the resilience force of the straws, and the cost for manufacturing the growth base is undoubtedly and greatly increased by manufacturing the growth base by adopting the crushed and screened straws. Even in this case, the growth substrate produced is easily deformed and cracked after being soaked in water or rained, and thus cannot be used normally.
On the other hand, before the mixed materials for preparing the seedling growth base are fed into the growth base preparation device, the mixed materials are required to be sequentially put into a stirrer to be repeatedly stirred so that the materials are fully and uniformly mixed, otherwise, the straw is accumulated and cannot be formed. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the extrusion molding of the mixed materials, the motor is often burnt out and damaged due to excessively high extrusion pressure.
Therefore, the preparation device of the seedling growth base, which can improve the compactness and the forming rate of the seedling growth base, reduce the use damage rate of the growth base, has low cost and simple structure and has the functions of locking water and preserving fertilizer, is urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages in the prior art, and provide a device for preparing a seedling growth substrate, which has a simple structure, low cost, high manufacturing efficiency, and good water and fertilizer locking and maintaining effects.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation device capable of improving the compactness and the forming rate of the growth base of the water-locking fertilizer-retaining nursery stock.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation device of the seedling growth base with water and fertilizer locking and capable of being popularized in a large range, and the preparation device is convenient for seedling transportation and mechanized planting, low in damage rate after soaking in water and showering.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation device of the water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth base, which can tailor the appearance of the growth base according to the requirements of water and fertilizer for the growth of the repairing species and promote the effective growth of the species.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a device for preparing a seedling growth base with water and fertilizer locking functions, which comprises a rack, a feeding mechanism, a spiral extrusion mechanism, a forming mechanism and a cutting mechanism, wherein:
the screw extrusion mechanism comprises a first screw extrusion mechanism, a second screw extrusion mechanism and a third screw extrusion mechanism, wherein the material extrusion end of the first screw extrusion mechanism is arranged close to the material input end of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the material extrusion end of the second screw extrusion mechanism is arranged close to the material input end of the third screw extrusion mechanism; the first spiral extrusion mechanism is communicated with the second spiral extrusion mechanism, and the second spiral extrusion mechanism is communicated with the third spiral extrusion mechanism. The mixed materials are stirred, mixed, conveyed and extruded by the screw extruder of the first screw extrusion mechanism, and primary mixed extrusion is carried out; the mixed material subjected to the primary mixing extrusion changes the conveying direction and enters a shell of a second screw extrusion mechanism, and is subjected to secondary mixing extrusion after being dispersed, mixed, conveyed and extruded again under the action of a screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism; the mixed material after the second-stage mixed extrusion changes the conveying direction and enters a shell of a third screw extrusion mechanism, and is scattered, mixed, conveyed and extruded again under the action of a screw extruder of the third screw extrusion mechanism to perform third-stage mixed extrusion. Because the mixed material is subjected to three-stage mixing extrusion, each stage of mixing extrusion is subjected to the processes of scattering, mixing and re-extrusion forming of the forming material, the conveying direction of the forming material between each stage of mixing extrusion is continuously changed, the compactness and the forming rate of the seedling growth substrate are improved, and the produced seedling growth substrate can bear water soaking and showering without cracking and damage.
In addition, because the material is subjected to three-stage mixing extrusion, the material does not need to be stirred and mixed sufficiently before entering the feeding mechanism. Simultaneously, tertiary co-extrusion has destroyed the resilience force of straw, and the material compactness behind the multistage co-extrusion has restricted the resilience force of straw, and fashioned nursery stock growth base can not be damaged because of the resilience force of straw. Therefore, the three-stage mixed extrusion mode of the invention has no special requirements on the crushing degree of the straws, and the straws treated by the common combine harvester can be used as initial materials without special crushing and screening treatment.
The first spiral extrusion mechanism, the second spiral extrusion mechanism and the third spiral extrusion mechanism are mutually arranged in an angle cross mode.
The first screw extrusion mechanism, the second screw extrusion mechanism and the third screw extrusion mechanism are respectively provided with a corresponding motor, a speed reducing mechanism, a screw extruder and a screw extruder shell, the screw extruder is arranged in a cavity formed by the screw extruder shell, and the motor is connected with the screw extruder through the speed reducing mechanism of the motor; the arrangement of the motors and the speed reducing mechanisms facilitates the configuration of the motors and the speed reducing mechanisms which are suitable according to the torque required by each stage of the screw extruder, the pressure driven by a single motor is reduced, and the most economical power output mode is obtained through the matching of the power of the motors and the speed reducing ratio of the speed reducing mechanisms, so that the motors are not easy to damage and burn out, and meanwhile, the seedling growth substrate preparation device is more compact in structure.
The forming mechanism is connected with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism, an extrusion part at the tail end of the screw extruder of the third screw extrusion mechanism partially extends out of the screw extruder shell, and the extrusion part partially penetrates into the cavity of the forming mechanism and partially coincides with the forming mechanism; the arrangement mode of the invention simplifies the structure of the forming mechanism, the inner cavity of the forming mechanism is used for forming the peripheral surface of the seedling growing base, the extruding part is used for forming the inner cavity of the seedling growing base, and a core used for forming the inner cavity of the seedling growing base does not need to be separately arranged.
The cutting mechanism is arranged at the outlet side of the forming mechanism and cuts the continuous growing substrate pushed out by the forming mechanism into a preset length.
Feed mechanism includes agitator motor, defeated material screw feeder, cylindrical shell, feed inlet, discharge gate, agitator motor with defeated material screw feeder is connected, and the drive defeated material screw feeder is rotatory, defeated material screw feeder sets up in the cavity that the shell formed, will the material of feed inlet department is carried extremely discharge gate department. The feeding structure can ensure that the materials after primary mixing are fully and uniformly mixed in the spiral conveying process, and saves manpower and material resources for fully mixing the materials.
The first spiral extrusion mechanism further comprises a feed inlet, the discharge outlet of the feeding mechanism is communicated with the feed inlet of the first spiral extrusion mechanism, and the feed inlet of the first spiral extrusion mechanism is arranged on the shell of the spiral extruder and close to the material input end of the spiral extruder. The mixed material passes through feed mechanism's feed inlet is carried to its discharge gate department through the rotation of carrying the screw feeder, via the feed inlet of screw extrusion mechanism carries among the screw extrusion mechanism, realize the material loading operation.
Preferably, feed mechanism the discharge gate department sets up ejection of compact guiding groove, first screw extrusion mechanism be provided with the feed bin on the feed inlet, the feed bin sets up under the outlet side of ejection of compact guiding groove, connect greatly the material through preliminary mixing that feed mechanism carried. Further, the feed bin is provided with a baffle plate, the height of the baffle plate is higher than that of other wall plates of the feed bin, and the baffle plate is used for preventing mixed materials from being splashed outside the feed bin.
Furthermore, in order to save cost, a storage bin can be directly arranged at the feeding port of the first screw extrusion mechanism, and feeding is continuously carried out on the feeding port by a manual or independently arranged feeding conveying mechanism.
Preferably, the first screw extrusion mechanism and the second screw extrusion mechanism are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the second screw extrusion mechanism and the third screw extrusion mechanism are arranged perpendicular to each other; the screw extruder shell of the first screw extrusion mechanism is vertically communicated with the screw extruder shell of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the screw extruder shell of the second screw extrusion mechanism is vertically communicated with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism. The spiral extrusion mechanisms are vertically arranged, so that the growth substrate formed by extrusion mixing can be fully scattered, the growth substrate can be fully mixed and extruded and formed under the action of the next-stage spiral extrusion mechanism, and the uniformity of material mixing and the compactness of the seedling growth substrate are improved.
The extrusion part of the screw extruder of the first screw extrusion mechanism is close to the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism but is not in contact with the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the extrusion part of the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism is close to the screw extruder of the third screw extrusion mechanism but is not in contact with the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism.
The extrusion part of the screw extruder is arranged outside the shell of the screw extruder at the next stage, so that the two components are prevented from interfering with each other, and particularly, the advantage of the arrangement mode is more obvious under the condition that the screw extruder is arranged in the shell in a floating manner; on the other hand, a certain space can be formed between the two parts, so that the extruded materials are fully scattered and mixed.
The screw extruder housings of the second screw extrusion mechanism and/or the third screw extrusion mechanism are provided with openings, and the openings are arranged adjacent to the end side of the speed reducer. According to the invention, the screw extruder shell is provided with the opening, so that the mixing condition of materials in the shell can be monitored conveniently, and when undesirable impurities such as stones are mixed in the materials, the undesirable impurities can be taken out from the opening by controlling the motor to rotate reversely; on the other hand, the arrangement of the holes overcomes the difficulties that the screw extruder is not aligned when being installed and the materials stored in the cavity are not easy to clean, so that the screw extruder is very convenient to disassemble and install. Particularly, as the screw press of the third screw press mechanism is often required to be replaced according to different requirements on the inner aperture of the seedling growth substrate, so as to configure the extrusion parts with different diameters, the function of the opening formed in the third screw press mechanism is particularly outstanding.
The forming mechanism is fixedly connected with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism through a flange, and the cross section of an internal cavity formed by the forming mechanism can be in a shape suitable for seedling growth, such as a circle, a square, a hexagon and the like.
The first screw extruder, the second screw extruder and the third screw extruder are respectively in floating connection with the corresponding speed reducing mechanisms.
Preferably, the floating connection is that the splines at the ends of the first screw extruder, the second screw extruder and the third screw extruder are in floating embedding in the corresponding speed reducing mechanism key grooves.
The output shaft of the speed reducer is in floating connection with the input end of the screw extruder, so that excessive eccentric pressure borne by a connecting part between the two parts can be reduced, when mixed materials are extruded, particularly when the materials are extruded, the extrusion force borne by the screw extruder is not completely consistent with the direction of the shaft of the screw extruder, the screw extruder is often extruded to one side of a deflection shell, the fixed connection between the output shaft of the speed reducer and the input shaft of the screw extruder is always damaged due to the excessive eccentric pressure, and once the output shaft of the speed reducer and the input shaft of the screw extruder are damaged, the whole screw extruder needs to be replaced, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed. In the case of the screw compressor disclosed in the prior art, which is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the gear unit, such damage often occurs but never occurs, and the present inventors have found through research that the cause of frequent damage to the screw compressor is that it is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the gear unit, which results in the need to withstand excessive yawing moments. Therefore, the two parts are in floating connection, and the screw extruder rotates near the center line of the screw extruder shell by means of the change of the self extrusion force of the extruded and mixed materials.
The cutting mechanism is provided with a cutter and a guide rail, and the cutter can reciprocate on the guide rail. After the mixed material is extruded and formed, the mixed material is prepared into a continuous seedling growth base through the forming mechanism, the seedling growth base is required to be cut into a preset length according to the specific requirements of planted seedlings, and in the process of cutting off the seedling growth base, the cutting machine moves together with the seedling growth base along the guide rail and keeps relatively static with the moving seedling growth base, so that the cutting saw blade is prevented from being damaged due to extrusion caused by the movement of the seedling growth base, and fixed-length cutting cannot be completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the preparation device for the water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth medium has a compact structure and lower manufacturing cost, and realizes full automation of preparation of the growth medium; the arrangement of each part of the preparation device fully considers the growth requirement of the repairing species, namely, the high forming rate and compactness of the growth substrate are ensured, the forming rate of the prepared water-retaining fertilizer-retaining seedling growth substrate is up to more than 97 percent, and meanwhile, the seedling roots of the repairing species are protected by the substrate wall strength and the substrate shape, so that the transportation and the mechanized planting of the repairing species are facilitated; the device has high production efficiency, is suitable for mass production, adopts agricultural wastes as raw materials, has low cost and is suitable for large-area popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for preparing a water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth substrate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a screw extruder of the water-locking and fertilizer-keeping seedling growth substrate preparation device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding mechanism of the water-locking fertilizer-maintaining seedling growth substrate preparation device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a forming mechanism and a cutting mechanism of the device for preparing the water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth substrate.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the device for preparing a seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions comprises a frame 1, an electrical control box 14, a feeding mechanism, a screw extrusion mechanism, a forming mechanism and a cutting mechanism, wherein:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the feeding mechanism includes a stirring motor 21, a material transporting auger 22, a cylindrical housing 23, a feeding port 24, and a discharging port 25, the stirring motor 21 is connected to the material transporting auger 22 to drive the material transporting auger 22 to rotate, the material transporting auger 22 is disposed in a cavity formed by the housing 23, and the material at the feeding port 24 is transported to the discharging port 25.
The discharge hole 25 is connected with a feed inlet (not shown in the figure) of the first screw extrusion mechanism, and the feed inlet of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31 is arranged on the screw extruder shell 40 and close to a material input end of the screw extruder 34. The mixed material is conveyed to a discharge port 25 of the feeding mechanism through a feeding port 24 of the feeding mechanism through rotation of a conveying auger 22, and is conveyed into the screw extrusion mechanism through a feeding port of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31, so that the feeding operation is realized.
In another embodiment, a storage bin is arranged on the feeding hole of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31, and the storage bin is arranged right below the discharging hole 25 and used for containing the primarily mixed materials conveyed by the feeding mechanism. Further, the feed bin is provided with a baffle plate, the height of the baffle plate is higher than that of other wall plates of the feed bin, and the baffle plate is used for preventing mixed materials from being splashed outside the feed bin.
A storage bin can also be directly arranged at the feed port 35 of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31, and the feeding is uninterrupted by a manual or separately arranged feeding conveying mechanism.
The screw extrusion mechanism comprises a first screw extrusion mechanism 31, a second screw extrusion mechanism 32 and a third screw extrusion mechanism 33, and all the screw extrusion mechanisms are mutually arranged in an angle cross manner. The first screw extrusion mechanism 31, the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 and the third screw extrusion mechanism 33 are respectively provided with a corresponding motor 38, a speed reducing mechanism 39, a screw extruder 34 and a screw extruder shell 40, the screw extrusion mechanism comprises a screw extrusion mixing section and an extrusion part 11, the screw extruder 34 is arranged in a cavity formed by the screw extruder shell 40, and the motor 38 is connected with the screw extruder 34 through the speed reducing mechanism 39; each spiral extrusion mechanism is independently provided with a corresponding motor and a corresponding speed reducing mechanism, the arrangement of the motors and the speed reducing mechanisms facilitates the configuration of the motors and the speed reducing mechanisms which are suitable according to the torque required by each level of spiral extruder, the pressure driven by a single motor is reduced, the most economical power output mode is obtained through the matching of the power of the motors and the speed reducing ratio of the speed reducing mechanisms, so that the motors are not easy to damage and burn out, and meanwhile, the seedling growth substrate preparation device is more compact in structure.
The material extruding end of the first screw extruding mechanism 31 is arranged adjacent to the material input end of the second screw extruding mechanism 32, and the material extruding end of the second screw extruding mechanism 32 is arranged adjacent to the material input end of the third screw extruding mechanism 33; the first screw extrusion mechanism 31 is communicated with the second screw extrusion mechanism 32, and the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 is communicated with the third screw extrusion mechanism 33. The mixed materials are stirred, mixed, conveyed and extruded by the screw extruder 34 of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31, and primary mixing extrusion is carried out; the mixed material after the first-stage mixing extrusion changes the conveying direction to enter a shell of a second spiral extrusion mechanism 32, and is subjected to second-stage mixing extrusion by scattering, mixing, conveying and extruding again under the action of a spiral extruder 34; the mixed material after the second-stage mixing extrusion enters a shell of a third screw extrusion mechanism 33 by changing the conveying direction, and is subjected to mixing, conveying and extrusion again under the action of a screw extruder 34, so as to perform third-stage mixing extrusion.
Because the mixed material is subjected to three-stage mixing extrusion, each stage of mixing extrusion is subjected to the processes of scattering, mixing and re-extrusion forming of the forming material, the conveying direction of the forming material between each stage of mixing extrusion is continuously changed, the compactness and the forming rate of the seedling growth substrate are improved, and the produced seedling growth substrate can bear water soaking and showering without cracking and damage.
Because the material is subjected to three-stage mixing extrusion, the material does not need to be stirred and mixed sufficiently before entering the feeding mechanism. Simultaneously, tertiary co-extrusion has destroyed the resilience force of straw, and the material compactness behind the multistage co-extrusion has restricted the resilience force of straw, and fashioned nursery stock growth base can not be damaged because of the resilience force of straw. Therefore, the three-stage mixed extrusion mode of the invention has no special requirements on the crushing degree of the straws, and the straws treated by the common combine harvester can be used as initial materials without special crushing and screening treatment.
In another embodiment, the screw extrusion mechanism further comprises a fourth screw extrusion mechanism, and in fact, the screw extrusion mechanism of the present invention is preferably set to three or more stages, which can achieve the technical effects of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the first screw extrusion mechanism 31 and the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 and the third screw extrusion mechanism 33 are arranged perpendicular to each other; the screw extruder housing 40 of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31 is vertically connected to the screw extruder housing 40 of the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 in a penetrating manner, and the screw extruder housing 40 of the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 is vertically connected to the screw extruder housing 40 of the third screw extrusion mechanism 33 in a penetrating manner. The spiral extrusion mechanisms are vertically arranged, so that the growth substrate formed by extrusion mixing is more favorably and fully scattered, materials are continuously extruded and mixed in the spiral extrusion mixing section of the spiral extrusion mechanism and are conveyed by the rotation of the spiral conveyor, the materials enter the next-stage spiral extrusion mechanism after being extruded by the extrusion part of the spiral extruder, and are more fully mixed and extruded and formed under the action of the next-stage spiral extrusion mechanism, and the uniformity of material mixing and the compactness of the seedling growth substrate are improved.
The extrusion part 11 of the screw extruder 34 of the first screw extrusion mechanism 31 is close to the screw extruder 34 of the second screw extrusion mechanism 32, but is not in contact with the screw extruder 34 of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the extrusion part 11 of the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism 32 is close to the screw extruder 34 of the third screw extrusion mechanism 33, but is not in contact with the screw extruder 34 of the third screw extrusion mechanism.
The extrusion part 11 of the screw extruder is close to the next stage of screw extruder, so that the mutual interference of two parts is prevented, and particularly, the advantage of the arrangement mode is more obvious under the condition that the screw extruder is arranged in the shell in a floating manner; on the other hand, a certain space can be formed between the two parts, so that the extruded materials are fully scattered and mixed.
The screw extruder housings 40 of the second screw extruding mechanism 32 and the third screw extruding mechanism 33 each have an opening (not shown in the figure) provided on the side close to the speed reducing mechanism 39. According to the invention, the screw extruder shell is provided with the opening, so that the mixing condition of materials in the shell can be monitored conveniently, and when undesirable impurities such as stones are mixed in the materials, the undesirable impurities can be taken out from the opening by controlling the motor to rotate reversely; on the other hand, the arrangement of the holes overcomes the difficulties that the screw extruder is not aligned when being installed and the materials stored in the cavity are not easy to clean, so that the screw extruder is very convenient to disassemble and install. Particularly, as the screw press of the third screw press mechanism is often required to be replaced according to different requirements on the inner aperture of the seedling growth substrate, so as to configure the extrusion parts with different diameters, the function of the opening formed in the third screw press mechanism is particularly outstanding.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the forming mechanism is connected with the screw extruder housing 40 of the third screw extruder mechanism 33, the extrusion part 11 at the end of the screw extruder 34 of the third screw extruder mechanism 33 partially extends out of the screw extruder housing, and the extrusion part 11 partially penetrates into the cavity of the forming mechanism and partially coincides with the forming mechanism; the arrangement mode of the invention simplifies the structure of the forming mechanism, the inner cavity of the forming mechanism 9 is used for forming the peripheral surface of the seedling growing base, the extruding part is used for forming the inner cavity of the seedling growing base, and a core used for forming the inner cavity of the seedling growing base does not need to be separately arranged.
The forming mechanism 9 is fixedly connected with the screw extruder housing 40 of the third screw extruding mechanism 33 through a flange, the cross section of an internal cavity formed by the forming mechanism can be in a shape suitable for seedling growth, such as a circle, a square, a hexagon and the like, and the outlet side of the forming mechanism 9 is provided with a growth substrate guide wheel 17.
Splines at the end parts of the first screw extruder 31, the second screw extruder 32 and the third screw extruder 33 are respectively embedded into corresponding speed reducing mechanism key grooves in a floating manner and are connected with the corresponding speed reducing mechanisms in a floating manner.
The output shaft of the speed reducer is in floating connection with the input end of the screw extruder, so that excessive eccentric pressure borne by a connecting part between the two parts can be reduced, when mixed materials are extruded, particularly when the materials are extruded, the extrusion force borne by the screw extruder is not completely consistent with the direction of the shaft of the screw extruder, the screw extruder is often extruded to one side of a deflection shell, the fixed connection between the output shaft of the speed reducer and the input shaft of the screw extruder is always damaged due to the excessive eccentric pressure, and once the output shaft of the speed reducer and the input shaft of the screw extruder are damaged, the whole screw extruder needs to be replaced, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed. In the case of the screw compressor disclosed in the prior art, which is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the gear unit, such damage often occurs but never occurs, and the present inventors have found through research that the cause of frequent damage to the screw compressor is that it is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the gear unit, which results in the need to withstand excessive yawing moments. Therefore, the two parts are in floating connection, and the screw extruder rotates near the center line of the screw extruder shell by means of the change of the self extrusion force of the extruded and mixed materials.
As shown in fig. 4, the cutting mechanism is provided on the exit side of the forming mechanism, and cuts the continuous growth substrate pushed out by the forming mechanism into a predetermined length. The cutting mechanism is provided with a base support frame 13, a cutting mechanism 10, a guide rail mechanism 16, an air pump 18 for pushing the cutting machine to reciprocate so as to cut off the growth substrate and an air pump 15 for pushing the guide rail mechanism 16 to reciprocate, and the cutting mechanism 10 can reciprocate on the guide rail mechanism 16. After the mixed material is extruded and formed, the mixed material is prepared into a continuous seedling growth base through the forming mechanism, the seedling growth base is required to be cut into a preset length according to the specific requirements of planted seedlings, and in the process of cutting off the seedling growth base, the cutting machine moves along the guide rail mechanism and the seedling growth base together and keeps relatively static with the moving seedling growth base, so that the cutting saw blade is prevented from being damaged due to extrusion caused by the movement of the seedling growth base, and fixed-length cutting cannot be completed.
The water-locking fertilizer-retaining seedling growth base device can provide growth bases required by symbiotic growth for various types of repairing species, and provides technical support for overcoming ecological restoration in areas with poor water and fertilizer conditions.
The water-locking and fertilizer-retaining seedling growth base device is low in manufacturing cost, can be used for preparing the seedling growth base of the repairing species in a full-automatic mode, saves labor, is high in production efficiency, can be popularized in a large scale in the market, and is suitable for preparing various repairing species growth bases meeting technical requirements.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and the modifications and substitutions should be considered as within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a lock water guarantor's fertile nursery stock growth base preparation facilities, includes frame, feed mechanism, screw extrusion mechanism, forming mechanism and shutdown mechanism, wherein:
the screw extrusion mechanism comprises a first screw extrusion mechanism, a second screw extrusion mechanism and a third screw extrusion mechanism, wherein the material extrusion end of the first screw extrusion mechanism is arranged close to the material input end of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the material extrusion end of the second screw extrusion mechanism is arranged close to the material input end of the third screw extrusion mechanism; the first spiral extrusion mechanism is communicated with the second spiral extrusion mechanism, and the second spiral extrusion mechanism is communicated with the third spiral extrusion mechanism;
the spiral extrusion mechanism comprises a spiral extrusion mixing section and an extrusion part;
the first screw extrusion mechanism, the second screw extrusion mechanism and the third screw extrusion mechanism are respectively provided with a corresponding motor, a speed reducing mechanism, a screw extruder and a screw extruder shell, the screw extruder is arranged in a cavity formed by the screw extruder shell, and the motor is connected with the screw extruder through the speed reducing mechanism of the motor;
the forming mechanism is connected with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism;
the cutting mechanism is arranged at the outlet side of the forming mechanism and cuts the continuous growing substrate pushed out by the forming mechanism into a preset length.
2. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the feeding mechanism comprises a stirring motor, a material conveying auger, a cylindrical shell, a feeding hole and a discharging hole, wherein the stirring motor is connected with the material conveying auger and drives the material conveying auger to rotate.
3. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the first spiral extrusion mechanism further comprises a feed inlet, the discharge port of the feeding mechanism is communicated with the feed inlet of the first spiral extrusion mechanism, and the feed inlet of the first spiral extrusion mechanism is arranged on the spiral extruder shell and is close to the material input end of the spiral extruder; the mixed material passes through feed mechanism's feed inlet is carried to its discharge gate department through the rotation of carrying the screw feeder, via the feed inlet of screw extrusion mechanism carries among the screw extrusion mechanism, realize the material loading operation.
4. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the first spiral extrusion mechanism, the second spiral extrusion mechanism and the third spiral extrusion mechanism are mutually arranged in an angle cross way.
5. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the first spiral extrusion mechanism and the second spiral extrusion mechanism are arranged in a mutually vertical mode, and the second spiral extrusion mechanism and the third spiral extrusion mechanism are arranged in a vertical mode.
6. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the screw extruder shell of the first screw extrusion mechanism is vertically communicated with the screw extruder shell of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the screw extruder shell of the second screw extrusion mechanism is vertically communicated with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism.
7. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and the extrusion part at the tail end of the screw extruder of the third screw extrusion mechanism partially extends out of the screw extruder shell, and the extrusion part partially penetrates into the cavity of the forming mechanism and partially coincides with the forming mechanism.
8. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
the extrusion part of the screw extruder of the first screw extrusion mechanism is close to the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism but is not in contact with the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism, and the extrusion part of the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism is close to the screw extruder of the third screw extrusion mechanism but is not in contact with the screw extruder of the second screw extrusion mechanism.
9. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
the screw extruder housings of the second screw extrusion mechanism and/or the third screw extrusion mechanism are provided with openings, and the openings are arranged adjacent to the end side of the speed reducer.
10. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
the forming mechanism is fixedly connected with the screw extruder shell of the third screw extrusion mechanism through a flange, and the section of an inner cavity formed by the forming mechanism is circular, square or hexagonal.
11. The device for preparing the seedling growth substrate with water and fertilizer locking functions as claimed in claim 10, wherein:
the first screw extruder, the second screw extruder and the third screw extruder are respectively in floating connection with the corresponding speed reducing mechanisms.
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| CN201811160252.5A CN109275549B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Water-locking fertilizer-preserving seedling growth base preparation device |
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| CN201811160252.5A CN109275549B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Water-locking fertilizer-preserving seedling growth base preparation device |
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| CN109275549B true CN109275549B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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| CN109275549A (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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