CN109179543B - Efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination technology and system - Google Patents
Efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination technology and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109179543B CN109179543B CN201811209005.XA CN201811209005A CN109179543B CN 109179543 B CN109179543 B CN 109179543B CN 201811209005 A CN201811209005 A CN 201811209005A CN 109179543 B CN109179543 B CN 109179543B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system, which comprises a Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a heat recovery heat exchanger, a seawater adjusting storage tank, a concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank and a fresh water storage tank, wherein the heat carrying and heat exchanging links of high-temperature steam are reduced by reasonably arranging all parts, the solar energy directly heats the seawater for evaporation, the thermal resistance is reduced, and the solar energy utilization rate is improved; the sea water which newly enters the system can be preheated by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of the sea water and the waste heat of the concentrated salt sea water, so that the energy utilization rate is improved; the heat exchange area of the seawater is fully increased in the falling film evaporator, the seawater slowly flows and evaporates, the seawater is not easy to boil and splash, and the evaporation efficiency of the seawater is greatly improved; each Fresnel condensation evaporation desalination unit forms an independent closed module, heat and steam are not leaked between the Fresnel condensation evaporation desalination units, the components are convenient to detach and replace, the integral operation of the system is not influenced, the investment and the operation cost are reduced, and the Fresnel condensation evaporation desalination unit is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea water desalination, and relates to a high-efficiency concentrating solar sea water desalination technology, in particular to a sea water desalination technology and a sea water desalination system realized by utilizing solar photo-thermal conversion.
Background
The solar energy thermal sea water desalting technology mainly uses heat energy to make sea water produce phase change so as to prepare fresh water. Solar sea water desalting methods are divided into two main types, namely a direct method and an indirect method. The direct method is to integrate the heat collecting part and the desalting part; the indirect method is to separate the heat collecting part and the desalting part. The currently developed solar thermal sea water desalination system mainly adopts an indirect method, has obtained staged results and has popularization prospects and mainly comprises a solar multi-effect distillation method, a solar multi-stage flash evaporation method, a solar compression distillation method and the like. These are all distillation methods, and are paid attention to because they do not consume conventional energy, are pollution-free, and have high purity of the fresh water obtained. The direct method has high water yield and is a multi-effect distiller, wherein the reverse side of a heat collecting plate is provided with water absorption wool for storing seawater, the heat collecting plate is heated by sunlight and then is evaporated, evaporated vapor is cooled into thin water drops after meeting a cold partition plate below, the heat released by condensation is used for reheating the seawater in the water absorption wool on the reverse side of the partition plate to evaporate, the repeated evaporation, concentration and re-evaporation are carried out, and finally the waste heat is discharged through a heat dissipation plate at the lowest layer. The method needs to properly solve the problems of the water-absorbing wool material, the adhesive and the like.
The economic performance of the existing solar thermal sea water desalination technology, whether a direct method or an indirect method, cannot be compared with that of the traditional sea water desalination technology. The key to improving the economic performance is to reduce the initial investment cost and improve the solar energy utilization rate and the evaporation efficiency. At present, a vacuum tube type solar collector, a groove-shaped parabolic type solar collector, a medium-temperature large solar pool and the like are mostly adopted in the solar collector, so that the solar distiller can operate at a higher temperature section (75 ℃) to improve the solar energy utilization rate; the heat exchange link adopts the operation modes of airflow adsorption, multi-stage falling film multi-effect regenerative, multi-stage flash evaporation and the like, and aims to improve the heat exchange efficiency, thereby improving the total efficiency of the system.
However, the existing solar thermal sea water desalination technology still has the following problems: 1. the traditional solar heat collector, such as a vacuum tube type heat collector, a groove-shaped parabolic heat collector and the like, has the problem of low heat collection efficiency; 2. the heat exchange mode of the traditional solar distiller belongs to natural convection, and the heat exchange efficiency is required to be improved; 3. the heat capacity of the seawater is large, and the evaporation efficiency of the seawater is improved by adopting a strengthening means; 4. the indirect method adds a heat carrying link of solar heating steam and steam reheating evaporation seawater, so that the thermal resistance is large, and the heat utilization efficiency is required to be improved; 4. although the direct method has no heat-carrying resistance, the heat absorption and evaporation efficiency of the seawater is lower, and the heat absorption capacity needs to be further increased, the heat absorption surface body ratio of the seawater is expanded, so that the water yield is improved. Solving the problems is the key for developing the sea water desalination technology by a solar thermal method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the existing solar thermal method sea water desalination technology, the invention aims to provide a novel efficient concentrating solar sea water desalination system, and the Fresnel condenser, the heat pipe type evaporator, the intelligent material adsorption condenser and the efficient heat recovery are combined, so that the solar energy utilization rate and the sea water evaporation efficiency can be further improved, the investment and the running cost are reduced, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.
The invention adopts the technical proposal for solving the technical problems that:
an efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system comprises a Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a heat recovery heat exchanger, a seawater adjusting storage tank, a concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank and a fresh water storage tank, and is characterized in that,
-the fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device comprises:
a front seawater inlet header pipe arranged at one side of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation and desalination device, wherein the inlet of the front seawater inlet header pipe is communicated with a seawater source,
a preheated seawater outlet header pipe arranged at the other side of the Fresnel condensing type evaporation desalination device, wherein the outlet of the preheated seawater outlet header pipe is communicated with the inlet of the reheated seawater inlet header pipe after passing through the cold side of the heat recovery heat exchanger and the seawater regulating storage tank in sequence through a pipeline,
a reheated seawater inlet header pipe arranged at the top of the Fresnel condensing type evaporation and desalination device,
a concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe arranged at the bottom of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation and desalination device, wherein the outlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe is communicated with the inlet at the top of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank, the outlet at the bottom of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank is discharged from a concentrated salt seawater discharge pipeline after passing through the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger through a pipeline,
the fresh water outlet main pipe is arranged at the bottom of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation desalination device, and the outlet of the fresh water outlet main pipe is communicated with the inlet of the fresh water storage tank;
the Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination device consists of a plurality of Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination units which are arranged in an array, each Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination unit comprises a shell, a falling film evaporator and a condenser, wherein the falling film evaporator and the condenser are arranged in the shell, the front surface of the shell is provided with a Fresnel solar condenser which is arranged towards the sun, the back surface of the Fresnel solar condenser is sequentially provided with the condenser and the falling film evaporator, a concentrated salt seawater collecting tank is arranged below the falling film evaporator, and a fresh water collecting tank is arranged below the condenser;
the condenser is integrally a closed container with a central light hole and comprises a seawater inlet and a seawater outlet, and is generally arranged above the falling film evaporator and in the outer ring of the optical path of the Fresnel solar condenser; the seawater inlet of each condenser is communicated with the outlet of the seawater inlet header pipe before desalination through a branch pipeline, and the seawater outlet of each condenser is communicated with the inlet of the seawater outlet header pipe after preheating through a branch pipeline;
the whole falling film evaporator is a flat container, the wall surface of the falling film evaporator is made of a breathable and watertight material, the top of the falling film evaporator is provided with a seawater inlet, the bottom of the falling film evaporator is provided with a concentrated brine outlet, a concentrated heating surface is formed in the center of one surface of the falling film evaporator, which is opposite to the condenser, the concentrated heating surface is basically positioned at the focus of the Fresnel solar condenser, and sunlight collected by the Fresnel solar condenser passes through a central light-transmitting hole of the condenser and then is projected on the concentrated heating surface; in each Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination unit which is arranged from top to bottom, each falling film evaporator is arranged in a serial manner, the seawater inlet of the uppermost falling film evaporator is communicated with the outlet of the reheated seawater inlet header pipe, the liquid discharge pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater collecting tank is communicated with the seawater inlet of the next falling film evaporator, the liquid discharge pipeline of the lowermost falling film evaporator is communicated with the inlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe, and each fresh water collecting tank is communicated with the inlet of the fresh water outlet header pipe through a branch pipeline of the falling film evaporator.
Preferably, the whole falling film evaporator is a flat container, the seawater inlet of the falling film evaporator is arranged at the top of the falling film evaporator, the condensation heating surface is formed at the center of the end face of the flat container, which is opposite to the condenser, and the condensation heating surface is formed into a recess, so that the focused sunlight irradiates on the surface of the recess, and correspondingly, the shape of the uniform temperature heat pipe is matched with the recess.
Preferably, a temperature equalizing heat pipe is further arranged in the inner cavity of the falling film evaporator, and the temperature equalizing heat pipe is used for rapidly transferring heat in a region with higher seawater temperature in the inner cavity to a region with lower temperature, so that the seawater in the whole inner cavity is uniform in temperature.
Preferably, the shape of the temperature equalizing heat pipe is matched with the concave.
Further, the surface of the temperature equalizing heat pipe is provided with a hydrophilic porous material, the hydrophilic porous material is filled in the whole inner cavity of the falling film evaporator, seawater slowly flows in the hydrophilic porous material and evaporates, the evaporation efficiency is high, and boiling and splashing are not easy to cause.
Preferably, the falling film evaporator is not provided with a temperature equalizing heat pipe, but is replaced by a high heat conduction material. The filling structure in the falling film evaporator can be used for not performing hydrophilic treatment, and can also be used for expanding the sea water heat absorbing surface to volume ratio except a porous structure.
Preferably, the condenser is of an annular structure, the condenser is arranged in an outer ring of a light path of the Fresnel solar condenser, a condensing light path is prevented from being influenced, and the condenser is generally arranged above the falling film evaporator.
Preferably, the condenser is also provided with a diversion trench to improve fresh water collection efficiency.
Preferably, the wall surface of the condenser can be sprayed or processed into an intelligent surface, for example, a memory alloy structure is adopted, or a material capable of spontaneously changing the surface energy according to the temperature, such as thermally-responsive hydrogel, a TiO film and the like is sprayed on the surface, so that the wettability of the surface of the condenser is changed along with the temperature, and the condenser is hydrophilic when the temperature is higher, thereby facilitating the condensation of water; when the condensation water is excessive, the film thickness of the surface liquid increases, the heat transfer resistance from the steam to the inside increases, the temperature of the condenser decreases, and the condenser becomes a hydrophobic material, so that the liquid film rapidly drops.
Preferably, the condenser may have a shape other than a ring shape, so long as a condensing light path of the fresnel solar condenser is not blocked.
Preferably, the surface of the condenser can also adopt a common smooth surface or other structural surfaces instead of intelligent materials.
Preferably, a circulating pump for driving the seawater to flow before desalination is further arranged on the seawater inlet header pipe before desalination, and a circulating pump for driving the seawater to flow is further arranged on an outlet pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank.
Preferably, the cold side inlet pipeline and the hot side inlet pipeline of the heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively provided with a control valve, and the outlet pipeline of the seawater regulating storage tank is provided with a control valve.
Preferably, two branches can be arranged on an outlet pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank, one branch is communicated with the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger, the other branch is communicated with the seawater adjusting storage tank, the concentrated salt seawater is introduced into the seawater adjusting storage tank to be mixed with the preheated seawater again, and the seawater enters the system for evaporation and recycling, so that the utilization efficiency of the seawater is improved.
In the efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system, the heat recovery heat exchanger has the function of preheating the seawater entering the cold side of the concentrated salt seawater with higher temperature after evaporation by using the waste heat of the concentrated salt seawater, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved. The seawater regulating storage tank is used as a storage device of preheated seawater, and has the functions of stabilizing and regulating flow and pressure for a system loop. The concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank is used as a storage device of evaporated concentrated salt seawater and is used for collecting the concentrated salt seawater and stabilizing the circulating flow and pressure of the concentrated salt seawater. The concentrated salt seawater pump is used as a driving pump of the concentrated salt seawater and drives the concentrated salt seawater pump to flow into the heat recovery heat exchanger for heat exchange. The seawater circulating pump is used as a driving pump of seawater to be evaporated entering the system, and drives the seawater circulating pump to flow into the condensing evaporation and desalination device for evaporation. The fresh water storage device is used as a storage device for collecting fresh water after condensation.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system, which has the following working principle:
and adjusting the angle of the evaporation and desalination device to enable sunlight to face the Fresnel solar condenser lens of each Fresnel condensation and evaporation and desalination unit, enabling the sunlight collected by the Fresnel solar condenser lens to pass through the central light-transmitting hole of the condenser and then be projected onto the condensation heating surface of the falling film evaporator, and enabling the seawater in the falling film evaporator to be heated and evaporated into steam. The seawater before desalination in the seawater source enters the evaporation and desalination device through the seawater inlet header pipe before desalination, enters each condenser through each branch pipe, condenses the steam in each condenser, increases the temperature, and then enters the seawater outlet header pipe after preheating after converging through each branch pipe; the condensed fresh water is collected by each fresh water collecting tank, converged to a fresh water outlet header pipe through each branch pipeline, and conveyed to the fresh water storage tank 7 through the fresh water outlet header pipe; the preheated seawater outlet header pipe sequentially conveys the preheated seawater to the top of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation desalination device through the cold side of the heat recovery heat exchanger, the seawater adjusting storage tank and the reheated seawater inlet header pipe, the seawater sequentially flows into each falling film evaporator from top to bottom under the action of gravity, multi-effect evaporation is realized, the salt concentration is gradually increased, and finally the seawater is discharged from a concentrated salt seawater collecting tank at the bottom of the lowermost falling film evaporator to the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank; and the concentrated salt seawater with higher temperature in the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank is conveyed to the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger for cooling and then discharged into the sea.
Compared with the prior art, the high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system has remarkable technical advantages, and is mainly characterized in that: (1) The Fresnel lens condensing device is adopted, so that the solar photo-thermal utilization rate is improved; (2) The heat-carrying and heat-exchanging links of high-temperature steam are reduced, the solar energy directly heats the seawater for evaporation, the thermal resistance is reduced, and the solar energy utilization rate is improved; (3) The sea water which newly enters the system can be preheated by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of the sea water and the waste heat of the concentrated salt sea water, so that the energy utilization rate is improved; (4) The heat exchange area of the seawater is fully increased in the falling film evaporator, the seawater slowly flows and evaporates, the seawater is not easy to boil and splash, the heat taking efficiency of the temperature equalizing heat pipe is high, the temperature equalizing property is good, and the evaporation efficiency of the seawater is greatly improved; (5) The outer surface of the condenser is provided with the diversion trench and an intelligent structure for changing the hydrophilic performance according to the temperature, so that the condensation efficiency can be greatly improved; (6) Each Fresnel condensing type evaporation and desalination device forms an independent closed module, heat and steam are not leaked between the Fresnel condensing type evaporation and desalination device, and meanwhile, the Fresnel condensing type evaporation and desalination device is convenient to detach and replace the module, and the integral operation of the system is not affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of a high efficiency concentrating solar desalination system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a Fresnel concentrating, evaporating and desalting unit;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a falling film evaporator, in which (a) is a schematic sectional view of the falling film evaporator when the falling film evaporator is placed obliquely, (B) is a schematic sectional view of the falling film evaporator when the falling film evaporator is placed vertically, and (C) is a front view of the falling film evaporator;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a condenser, in which (a) is a schematic sectional view when the condenser is placed obliquely, (B) is a schematic sectional view when the condenser is placed vertically, and (C) is a front view of the condenser;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system comprises a Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device 1, a heat recovery heat exchanger 2, a seawater regulating storage tank 3, a concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank 4, a fresh water storage tank 7 and the like, wherein the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device 1 comprises a pre-desalination seawater inlet manifold 110 arranged on the side surface of the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a pre-heating seawater outlet manifold 120 arranged on the other side surface of the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a post-reheating seawater inlet manifold 130 arranged on the top of the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a concentrated salt seawater outlet manifold 140 arranged on the bottom of the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, and a fresh water outlet manifold 150 which is also arranged on the bottom of the Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, the inlet of the pre-desalination seawater inlet manifold 110 is communicated with a seawater source, the outlet of the pre-heating seawater outlet manifold 120 is sequentially communicated with the cold side of the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, the seawater regulating storage tank 3 is communicated with the inlet of the post-reheating seawater inlet manifold 130, the outlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet 140 is communicated with the inlet of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank 4 through the heat recovery pipeline 2, the inlet of the concentrated salt water outlet of the concentrated salt storage tank 4 is discharged from the hot brine outlet of the concentrated salt storage tank 7 through the heat exchanger is arranged on the bottom of the heat recovery pipeline 7. Further, a circulating pump 6 for driving the seawater before desalination to flow is further arranged on the seawater inlet header 110 before desalination, and a circulating pump 5 for driving the seawater before desalination to flow is further arranged on the outlet pipeline of the seawater regulating storage tank 4. And control valves 8, 9 are preferably arranged on the cold side inlet pipeline and the hot side inlet pipeline of the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 respectively, and a control valve 10 is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the seawater regulating storage tank 3.
In the efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system, the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 has the function of preheating the seawater entering the cold side of the concentrated salt seawater with higher temperature after evaporation by utilizing the waste heat of the concentrated salt seawater, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved. The seawater regulating storage tank 3 is used as a storage device of preheated seawater, and has the functions of stabilizing and regulating flow and pressure for a system loop. The concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank 4 is used as a storage device of evaporated concentrated salt seawater and is used for collecting the concentrated salt seawater and stabilizing the circulating flow and pressure of the concentrated salt seawater. The concentrated salt seawater pump 5 is used as a driving pump of the concentrated salt seawater and drives the concentrated salt seawater to flow into the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange. The seawater circulating pump 6 is used as a driving pump of seawater to be evaporated entering the system, and drives the seawater circulating pump to flow into the condensing type evaporation and desalination device 1 for evaporation. Fresh water storage means 7 is a storage means for collecting fresh water after condensation.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, each fresnel concentrating, evaporating and desalting unit 100 comprises a housing 103, a falling film evaporator 101 and a condenser 102, wherein the falling film evaporator 101 and the condenser 102 are arranged in the housing 103, a concentrated salt seawater collecting tank 104 is arranged below the falling film evaporator 101, a fresh water collecting tank 105 is arranged below the condenser 102, the condenser 102 is generally arranged above the falling film evaporator 101, a fresnel solar collecting lens 106 is arranged on the front surface of the housing 103, and the condenser 102 and the falling film evaporator 101 are sequentially arranged on the back surface of the fresnel solar collecting lens 106; the condenser 102 is a closed container 1021 with a central light hole 1022, and comprises a seawater inlet 1023 and a seawater outlet 1024; the top of the falling film evaporator 101 is provided with a seawater inlet 1011, a condensing heating surface 1012 is formed at the center of one surface of the falling film evaporator, which is opposite to the condenser 102, the condensing heating surface 1012 of the condenser 102 is basically positioned at the focus of the fresnel solar condenser 106, and the sunlight 107 collected by the fresnel solar condenser 106 passes through the central light-transmitting hole 1022 of the condenser 102 and then is projected onto the condensing heating surface 1012 of the condenser 102.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the fresnel concentrating and evaporating desalination units 100 are arranged in an array to form a fresnel concentrating and evaporating desalination device 1, and in the fresnel concentrating and evaporating desalination device 1, the front surface of a casing of each fresnel concentrating and evaporating desalination unit 100 faces the sun; the seawater inlet 1023 of each condenser 102 is communicated with the outlet of the seawater inlet header pipe 110 before desalination through a branch pipeline, and the seawater outlet 1024 of each condenser 102 is communicated with the inlet of the seawater outlet header pipe 120 after preheating through a branch pipeline; in each column of fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination units 100 arranged from top to bottom, the falling film evaporators 101 are arranged in a serial manner, the seawater inlet 1011 of the uppermost falling film evaporator 101 is communicated with the outlet of the reheated seawater inlet manifold 130, the liquid discharge pipeline 1041 of the concentrated salt seawater collecting tank 104 is communicated with the seawater inlet 1011 of the next falling film evaporator 101, the liquid discharge pipeline 1041 of the lowermost falling film evaporator 101 is communicated with the inlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet manifold 140, and each fresh water collecting tank 105 is communicated with the inlet of the fresh water outlet manifold 150 through the branch pipeline 1051 thereof.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a falling film evaporator. As shown in fig. 3, the falling film evaporator 101 is a flat container, the wall surface of the falling film evaporator 101 is made of a breathable and waterproof material 1014, the top of the falling film evaporator is provided with a seawater inlet 1011, the bottom of the falling film evaporator is provided with a concentrated brine outlet, the center of the wall surface of the condenser 102 is opposite to the concentrated heating surface 1012, a uniform temperature heat pipe 1013 is arranged in the inner cavity of the falling film evaporator 101, the seawater inlet 1011 is used for introducing reheated seawater into the inner cavity of the falling film evaporator 101, the concentrated heating surface 1012 is heated by focused sunlight and then transfers heat to the seawater in the inner cavity and evaporates the seawater after being heated, the uniform temperature heat pipe 1013 is used for rapidly transferring heat in a region with higher seawater temperature in the inner cavity to a region with lower temperature, so that the seawater in the whole inner cavity is uniform in temperature, the uniform temperature and heat transfer efficiency of the seawater are improved, and the seawater evaporation is enhanced. The surface of the uniform temperature heat pipe 1013 is preferably processed or sprayed with a hydrophilic porous material and is filled in the whole inner cavity of the evaporator, seawater slowly flows in the porous material and evaporates, the evaporation efficiency is high, and boiling and splashing are not easy to cause. The seawater in the falling film evaporator 101 is evaporated to form strong brine, and is discharged into a strong brine collecting tank 104 below the falling film evaporator 101 through a strong brine discharge port.
Preferably, the falling film evaporator 101 is a flat container as a whole, the seawater inlet 1011 is disposed at the top thereof, the light-condensing heating surface 1012 is formed at the center of the end face of the flat container facing the condenser 102, and the light-condensing heating surface 1012 is formed as a recess, so that the focused sunlight irradiates on the surface of the recess, and accordingly, the shape of the heat-equalizing pipe 1013 is adapted to the recess.
Note that the falling film evaporator 101 may not be provided with the heat equalizing pipe 1013, and may be replaced with a material having high heat conductivity. The filling structure inside the falling film evaporator 101 may not be subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and may be a structure with an expandable sea water heat absorbing surface to volume ratio other than a porous structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the condenser. As shown in fig. 4, the condenser 102 is integrally a closed container 1021 with a central light hole 1022, preferably, the condenser 102 is in an annular structure, and the condenser 102 is arranged in the outer ring of the optical path of the fresnel solar condenser 106, so as to avoid influencing the condensing optical path, and the condenser 102 is generally above the falling film evaporator 101. One side of the closed container 1021 is provided with a seawater inlet 1023 communicated with the closed container, the other side is provided with a seawater outlet 1024 communicated with the closed container, the seawater inlet 1023 is used for introducing the pre-desalinated seawater in the pre-desalinated seawater inlet manifold 110 into the cavity of the condenser 102, as the condenser 102 is generally positioned above the falling film evaporator 101, the heat steam generated by the falling film evaporator 101 exchanges heat with the wall surface of the condenser 102 and then with the pre-desalinated seawater in the cavity of the condenser 102, so that the heat steam is cooled and condensed into fresh water and is collected by a fresh water collecting tank 105 arranged below the condenser 102, and the pre-desalinated seawater in the cavity of the condenser 102 absorbs heat and is discharged by the seawater outlet 1024. Preferably, the condenser 102 is further provided with a diversion trench to improve fresh water collection efficiency, and further, an intelligent surface can be sprayed or processed on the wall surface of the condenser 102, for example, a memory alloy structure is adopted, or a material capable of spontaneously changing surface energy according to temperature, such as thermal response hydrogel, a TiO film and the like, is sprayed on the surface, so that the wettability of the surface of the condenser is changed along with the temperature: hydrophilic at higher temperature, which is beneficial to the condensation of water; when the condensation water is excessive, the film thickness of the surface liquid increases, the heat transfer resistance from the steam to the inside increases, the temperature of the condenser decreases, and the condenser becomes a hydrophobic material, so that the liquid film rapidly drops.
It should be noted that, the condenser 102 may have other shapes than a ring shape, as long as the condensing light path of the fresnel solar condenser 106 is not blocked; the surface of the condenser 102 may be a common smooth surface or a surface with other shape and structure instead of the intelligent material.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the working principle of the high-efficiency concentrating solar seawater desalination system of the present invention is as follows:
the angle of the evaporation and desalination device 1 is adjusted so that sunlight 107 is opposite to the Fresnel solar condenser 106 of each Fresnel condensation and evaporation and desalination unit 100, and the sunlight 107 collected by the Fresnel solar condenser 106 passes through the central light hole 1022 of the condenser 102 and then is projected onto the condensation heating surface 1012 of the falling film evaporator 101, so that the seawater in the falling film evaporator 101 is heated and evaporated into steam. The seawater before desalination in the seawater source enters the evaporation and desalination device 1 through the seawater inlet header 110 before desalination, enters each condenser 102 through each branch pipeline, and after the steam is condensed in each condenser 102, the temperature rises, and then enters the seawater outlet header 120 after preheating after converging through each branch pipeline; the condensed fresh water is collected by each fresh water collecting tank 105, converged to a fresh water outlet main pipe 150 through each branch pipeline, and conveyed to the fresh water storage tank 7 through the fresh water outlet main pipe 150; the preheated seawater outlet header 120 sequentially conveys the preheated seawater to the top of the Fresnel concentrated evaporation desalination device 1 through the cold side of the heat recovery heat exchanger 2, the seawater regulating storage tank 3 and the reheated seawater inlet header 130, the seawater sequentially flows into each falling film evaporator 101 from top to bottom under the action of gravity, multi-effect evaporation is realized, the salt concentration is gradually increased, and finally the seawater is discharged from the concentrated salt seawater collecting tank 104 at the bottom of the lowermost falling film evaporator 101 to the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank 4; and the concentrated salt seawater with higher temperature in the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank 4 is conveyed to the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 for cooling and then discharged into the sea.
Example 2
As a modification of example 1, as shown in fig. 5, heat in the concentrated brine having a high temperature after evaporation is further recovered. Two branches can be arranged on the outlet pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank 4, one branch is used for continuously introducing the concentrated salt seawater into the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger 2 for cooling and then discharging the concentrated salt seawater into the sea in the manner of the embodiment 1, and the other branch is used for introducing the concentrated salt seawater into the seawater adjusting storage tank 3 for remixing with the preheated seawater, and the seawater enters the system for evaporation and recycling, so that the utilization efficiency of the seawater is improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system comprises a Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination device, a heat recovery heat exchanger, a seawater adjusting storage tank, a concentrated salt seawater adjusting storage tank and a fresh water storage tank, and is characterized in that,
the Fresnel condensing type evaporation desalting device comprises:
a front seawater inlet header pipe arranged at one side of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation and desalination device, wherein the inlet of the front seawater inlet header pipe is communicated with a seawater source,
a preheated seawater outlet header pipe arranged at the other side of the Fresnel condensing type evaporation desalination device, wherein the outlet of the preheated seawater outlet header pipe is communicated with the inlet of the reheated seawater inlet header pipe after passing through the cold side of the heat recovery heat exchanger and the seawater regulating storage tank in sequence through a pipeline,
a reheated seawater inlet header pipe arranged at the top of the Fresnel condensing type evaporation and desalination device,
a concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe arranged at the bottom of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation and desalination device, wherein the outlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe is communicated with the inlet at the top of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank, the outlet at the bottom of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank is discharged from a concentrated salt seawater discharge pipeline after passing through the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger through a pipeline,
the fresh water outlet main pipe is arranged at the bottom of the Fresnel condensation type evaporation desalination device, and the outlet of the fresh water outlet main pipe is communicated with the inlet of the fresh water storage tank;
the Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination device consists of a plurality of Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination units which are arranged in an array, each Fresnel condensing evaporation desalination unit comprises a shell, a falling film evaporator and a condenser, wherein the falling film evaporator and the condenser are arranged in the shell, the front surface of the shell is provided with a Fresnel solar condenser which is arranged towards the sun, the back surface of the Fresnel solar condenser is sequentially provided with the condenser and the falling film evaporator, a concentrated salt seawater collecting tank is arranged below the falling film evaporator, and a fresh water collecting tank is arranged below the condenser;
the condenser is a closed container with a central light hole and comprises a seawater inlet and a seawater outlet, is positioned above the falling film evaporator and is arranged in the outer ring of the optical path of the Fresnel solar condenser; the seawater inlet of each condenser is communicated with the outlet of the seawater inlet header pipe before desalination through a branch pipeline, and the seawater outlet of each condenser is communicated with the inlet of the seawater outlet header pipe after preheating through a branch pipeline;
the falling film evaporator is a flat container, the wall surface of the falling film evaporator is made of a breathable and watertight material, the top of the falling film evaporator is provided with a seawater inlet, the bottom of the falling film evaporator is provided with a concentrated brine outlet, a concentrated heating surface is formed in the center of one surface of the falling film evaporator, which is opposite to the condenser, the concentrated heating surface is positioned at the focus of the Fresnel solar condenser, and sunlight collected by the Fresnel solar condenser passes through a central light hole of the condenser and then is projected on the concentrated heating surface;
in each Fresnel concentrating evaporation desalination unit which is arranged from top to bottom, each falling film evaporator is arranged in a serial manner, a seawater inlet of the uppermost falling film evaporator is communicated with an outlet of the reheated seawater inlet header pipe, a liquid discharge pipeline of a concentrated salt seawater collecting tank of the falling film evaporator is communicated with a seawater inlet of the next falling film evaporator, a liquid discharge pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater collecting tank of the lowermost falling film evaporator is communicated with an inlet of the concentrated salt seawater outlet header pipe, and each fresh water collecting tank is communicated with an inlet of the fresh water outlet header pipe through a branch pipeline of the falling film evaporator;
the inner cavity of the falling film evaporator is also provided with a temperature equalizing heat pipe, and the temperature equalizing heat pipe is used for rapidly transferring heat in a region with higher seawater temperature in the inner cavity to a region with lower temperature, so that the seawater in the whole inner cavity is uniform in temperature;
the intelligent surface processed on the wall surface of the condenser adopts a material which spontaneously changes the surface energy according to the temperature, so that the wettability of the surface of the condenser changes along with the temperature, and the condenser is hydrophilic when the temperature is higher, thereby being beneficial to the condensation of water; when the condensation water is excessive, the film thickness of the surface liquid increases, the heat transfer resistance from the steam to the inside increases, the temperature of the condenser decreases, and the condenser becomes a hydrophobic material, so that the liquid film rapidly drops.
2. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the falling film evaporator is integrally a flat container, the seawater inlet is arranged at the top, the concentrating heating surface is formed at the center of the end face of the flat container, which is opposite to the condenser, and the concentrating heating surface is formed into a recess, so that the focused sunlight irradiates on the surface of the recess.
3. The efficient concentrating solar energy desalination system of claim 2, wherein the temperature equalizing heat pipe is adapted to the shape of the recess.
4. A high efficiency concentrating solar energy desalination system according to claim 3 wherein the surface of the soaking heat pipe is provided with a hydrophilic porous material, and the hydrophilic porous material is filled in the whole inner cavity of the falling film evaporator, and seawater slowly flows and evaporates in the hydrophilic porous material.
5. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the condenser is of an annular structure, is arranged in an outer ring of a light path of the fresnel solar condenser, avoids influencing a concentrating light path, and is positioned above the falling film evaporator.
6. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the condenser is further provided with a diversion trench.
7. The efficient concentrating solar energy desalination system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the condenser is a smooth surface.
8. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the pre-desalination seawater inlet header pipe is further provided with a circulating pump for driving the pre-desalination seawater to flow, and the outlet pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank is further provided with a circulating pump for driving the concentrated salt seawater to flow.
9. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein control valves are respectively arranged on a cold side inlet pipeline and a hot side inlet pipeline of the heat recovery heat exchanger, and control valves are arranged on outlet pipelines of the seawater regulating storage tanks.
10. The efficient concentrating solar seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein two branches are arranged on an outlet pipeline of the concentrated salt seawater regulating storage tank, one branch is communicated with the hot side of the heat recovery heat exchanger, the other branch is communicated with the seawater regulating storage tank, and the concentrated salt seawater is introduced into the seawater regulating storage tank to be remixed with the preheated seawater and enters the system for evaporation and recirculation.
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| CN112704888B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2022-10-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Vertical tube falling film evaporator |
| CN112919570B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-07-21 | 华北电力大学 | Direct evaporation type sea water desalination distiller based on annular Fresnel high-power condenser |
| CN115259266B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-09-19 | 青岛中石大新能源科技有限公司 | Equipment for desalting sea water based on solar energy |
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