CN109168863A - A kind of shaping and trimming method and cultural method improving sweet pears yield - Google Patents
A kind of shaping and trimming method and cultural method improving sweet pears yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168863A CN109168863A CN201810999169.0A CN201810999169A CN109168863A CN 109168863 A CN109168863 A CN 109168863A CN 201810999169 A CN201810999169 A CN 201810999169A CN 109168863 A CN109168863 A CN 109168863A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/005—Potato seed cutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
- A01G2017/065—Trellis-work for supporting vines having wire-tensioning devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods for improving sweet pears yield, are related to the technical field of cultivation of fruit tree, its key points of the technical solution are that, comprising the following steps: S1, kind and nursery stock；S2, plantation；S3, soil management；S4, fertilizer and water management；S5, frame are built；S6, pruning；S7, flower and fruit management；S8, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；It has the technical effect that, first with the basis of happy shape, ensure under this is tree-like that there is preferable light distribution density, due to the uncertainty of tree-like growth, it is transformed in this on the basis of, does the work of weight cutting back more, so that the growth on each growth branch more balances, light is more uniformly spread, and improves the yield of secondary internal layer and internal layer position.Light distribution not only influences yield in tree crown, while the influence to fruit quality is more prominent, and while improving yield, because the light intensity of internal layer and secondary internal layer reaches enhancing, the high quality fruit ratio at internal layer and internal layer position is significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of fruit tree, in particular to a kind of shaping and trimming method for improving sweet pears yield and
Cultural method.
Background technique
Pruning is exactly to efficiently use space, luminous energy in order to form reasonable tree management, adjust trunk infusion point
Match, makes pear tree precocity fruiting, more results, tied fruit, and extend its service life.
Southern pears area is commonly mainly tree-like two kinds of evacuation layering shape and the happy shape of more major branches, and evacuation is layered shape approximation pears
Natural growth conditions, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and internal branch will not be early withered, and as a result volume is more, and Crown Structure is compact, wind resistance power compared with
By force.
Different tree form, different parts light distribution all have an impact to the yield and quality of sweet pears, sweet pears are within growth period kind
For relative light intensity between tree-like different parts there is conspicuousness difference difference, influence of the tree-like and position to yield and quality is tree-like
Position average product, the distribution of the sweet interior yield of pear tree hat and the raising of quality are closely related with the distribution of light.
Currently, common evacuation layering shape and the happy shape of more major branches, the diurnal variation of the light intensity of two kinds of tree crown levels are served as reasons
Successively successively decrease outside to inside, the illumination of outer layer is substantially better than internal layer, and causing fruit quality also has different degrees of difference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of shaping and trimming method for improving sweet pears yield, have improve sweet pears yield with
The advantages of quality.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of shaping and trimming method improving sweet pears yield, the shaping including dormant period, the shaping of dormant period the following steps are included:
First Year, it is fixed dry at 60cm after plantation；
Second year selects the growth branch that 3 azimuths are 120 and increment is big to do major branch, with cloth or small bamboo with 50-60 degree base
Branch is drawn at angle, draws branch direction uniformly outer bud or lateral bud to be selected to do clip bud cutting back, remaining branch makees auxiliary support；
In all one's life long shoot weight cutting back that the first quarter end in the current year selects 3 relative growth yields big, in second quarter end in residue
The biggish all one's life long shoot weight cutting back of increment is chosen in two growth branches；
Third year, major branch continue to pull open, and expand tree crown, select the growth branch raw away from the place trunk 1m or so side to select and remain on major branch and pay master
Branch selects and remain one on each major branch and pays major branch, pay major branch it is raw in the same side of major branch, select outer bud or lateral bud to do clip bud short
Cut, other growth branches dredge delete after pull open grow put, utilize result.
4th year, major branch, a pair major branch continued to pull open by former direction, expanded tree crown；Side shoot, the same side are selected and remain on paying major branch
Side shoot should keep the spacing of 80cm, remaining branch is dredged delete after pull open length and put, utilize result.
5th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to pull open extension, and fruitful branch stays 80cm long, and distance is between fruitful branch
40-50cm；
6th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to extension, changed head if having sealed ridge and can bounce back；
After 7th year, overstocked side shoot is deleted, adjusts the master-slave relationship between skeleton branch；1/4 or so growth branch is utilized every year
It pulls open length to put with rotation result, and the old branch after the result that bounces back in time, fruitful branch spacing are 40-50cm.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, first with the basis of happy shape, it is ensured that having under this is tree-like is preferable
Light distribution density is transformed due to the uncertainty of tree-like growth in this on the basis of, the work of weight cutting back is done, so that each more
Growth on growth branch more balances, and light is more uniformly spread, and improves the yield of secondary internal layer and internal layer position.Light in tree crown
Distribution not only influences yield, while the influence to fruit quality is more prominent, while improving yield, because of internal layer and secondary interior
The light intensity of layer reaches enhancing, and the high quality fruit ratio at internal layer and internal layer position significantly improves.
Further setting: further including the trimming in growth period；The trimming in growth period the following steps are included:
Bud picking: the bud germinated near counterpart of erasing in early spring rudiment bud, big clip or saw kerf.
Pinching: excision growth site is higher at the beginning of late April to 5 months, the growing point of the stronger branch of growth potential.
Draw branch: September to October carries out drawing branch by the requirement of shaping to using the branch made major branch, pay major branch, side shoot,
Spreading angle.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, pass through the trimming in growth period, it is ensured that branch can reach to be wanted in shaping
It asks.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield, have improve sweet pears yield with
The advantages of quality.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of cultural method improving sweet pears yield, comprising the following steps: S1, kind and nursery stock；S2, plantation；S3, soil pipe
Reason；S3, fertilizer and water management；S4, frame are built；S5, pruning；S6, flower and fruit management；S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；It is characterized by:
The S5, pruning method use shaping and trimming method of any of claims 1 or 2.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the yield and quality of sweet pears can be made to have using new shaping and trimming method
The raising of conspicuousness.
Further setting: the implantation methods are as follows: carrying out setting-out fixed point, the digging of every plant of level land according to the seeding row spacing of setting
1m square, the planting pit of deep 1m are dug in 1m square, the planting pit of 0.6m depth, hillside fields, and are layered and apply decomposed manure 50Kg, need
Illustrate, calcium superphosphate 1Kg is added in alkaline soil, calcium magnesium phosphate 1Kg is added in acid soil；Sapling foundation is higher by ground when field planting
Face 5cm-10cm, root soil touches after cultivation, first fills out fine earth, jog sapling slightly upwardly mentions, unfolds root, then helps straight having peace of mind；Once
Property irrigates root water, keeps soil and rhizosphere closely connected, and cover 1m2Mulch soil moisture conservation；
Space is made full use of convenient for management by using above-mentioned technical proposal, improves land development and utilization rate.
Further setting: the soil management method is as follows: second year was ploughed deeply expand cave one every year by the 6th year after plantation
It is secondary to improve soil, i.e., the fertilising cave of deep 0.6m, long 1m, width 0.5m are opened along tree crown two sides, and apply base manure；By expansion in 6 years
Cave reaches full garden and ploughs deeply 0.6m, increases the purpose of a large amount of organic fertilizers, later while annual basal dressing, ploughs deeply every 2-3
Once, deep 0.4m-0.5m；
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, guarantee that the soil texture is loose, ventilation is good, and Soil Microorganism is active, guarantees that root exists
It is developed in suitable environment, and powerful root system is the basis that pear tree absorbs liquid manure.Only root system is powerful, absorbs root system hair
It reaches, the growth and development of overground part just has reliable nutrition foundation.
Further setting: the fertilizer and water management method is as follows:
Apply heavy dressing base manure deeply: it is sub- to apply decomposed manure 2000Kg, borax 2Kg, sulfuric acid based on decomposed manure per acre for base manure
Iron 3Kg, acid soil, which is not applied and combined, ploughs deeply progress when improving the soil；
Top dressing: annual top dressing four times is combined when arid and is poured water；
Vernalization fertilizer: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, is carried out in early Febuary, urea 0.25Kg or compound fertilizer 0.5Kg is applied in strain；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilization time view kind is different and different, carries out in late June late May-, and sulfuric acid is applied in strain
Potassium 1.5Kg adds calcium superphosphate 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer 1.5Kg in alkaline soil, and calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5Kg or multiple is added in acid soil
Hefei 1.5Kg；It can be applied by several times every 15-20 days；
Expand fertilizer: based on nitrogen potash fertilizer, the 30-40 Tian Zhushi compound fertilizer 1Kg before fruit harvesting；
Fertilizer after adopting: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, should be applied immediately after fruit picking, urea 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer 0.5Kg is applied in strain；Foliage top dressing:
It can all be carried out in entire growth period, according to tree vigo(u)r and result status, in conjunction with spray 0.2-0.3% urea, 0.2% biphosphate
Potassium or 500-1000 times of organic active fertilizer.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, fertilizer is imposed in young fruit period, to nutrition needed for supplement Growth status and young fruit speed
Length can play different degrees of facilitation, targetedly impose different chemical fertilizer, improve the fruit of fruit to varying degrees
Weight, sugar content, fruit color, fruit peeling hardness etc..
Further setting: the frame building method is as follows: the dormant period in orchard establishment second year or third year is built,
It is first 0.9m or so, cement intercolumniation steel strand wires every during 5m oblique cutting buries, being buried in the earth depth by concrete column on theatre both sides
It is connected, so that theatre is formed the big grid of 5m × 5m or 5m × 7m, then formed in the big grid of steel strand wires composition with galvanized iron wire
The small grid of 1m × 1m, and be that a unit sets one, stool bar with 1600m2, the steel strand wires galvanized iron at the top of stool bar between frame
Line is connected, and plays a part of to support frame.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, tree body ventilation and penetrating light is made after scaffolding, branches and leaves are evenly distributed, and do not cover mutually, each
Fruit can obtain same illumination and nutrient, all in optimal growth position.
Further setting: the flower and fruit management includes artificial pollination, and artificial pollination needs in flowering stage to full blossom end
Noon 9:00 to 16:00 in afternoon is carried out, and the optimum temperature of artificial pollination is 20 DEG C -25 DEG C；
Kind of picking flowers must acquire the florescence pear tree pollen good slightly before the affinity similar in pollinated variety or florescence.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, influence of the time and weather of pollination to Pollination Effect is all very big, chooses and closes
Suitable temperature and weather, when using artificial pollination, pollination flower is clear, uniform pollination, improves fruit-setting rate, and fruit and seed formation is filled
Point, fruit shape just, also because pollinia can stimulate young fruit to generate hormone, promotes young fruit to expand.
Further setting: the pollinated variety is emerald, birch-leaf pear, Beijing white pear, Chinese pear and imperial crown pears.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, awarded Varieties in Pollen Morphology is to fruit-setting rate, single fruit weight, soluble solid content, fruit
Shape index, carpopodium index have larger impact.Above-mentioned pollinated variety is remarkably improved the single fruit weight and interior quality of the operatic circle.
In conclusion doing weight cutting back the invention has the following advantages: do transformation shape in the technology of happy shape more
Work adjusts the balance on each growth branch, and light is more uniformly spread, and improves the yield of secondary internal layer and internal layer position.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
The first preferred embodiment:
A kind of cultural method improving sweet pears yield, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1, kind and nursery stock；
S2, plantation；Setting-out fixed point, every plant of level land digging 1m square, the planting pit of 0.6m depth, hillside fields are carried out according to the seeding row spacing of setting
1m square, the planting pit of deep 1m are dug, and is layered and applies decomposed manure 50Kg, it should be noted that added phosphorus in alkaline soil
Sour calcium 1Kg adds calcium magnesium phosphate 1Kg in acid soil.
Sapling foundation 5cm-10cm above ground level when field planting, root soil touches after cultivation, first fills out fine earth, jog sapling, slightly upwardly
It mentions, unfolds root, then help straight having peace of mind；Root water disposably is irrigated, keeps soil and rhizosphere closely connected, and cover 1m2Mulch soil moisture conservation；
S3, soil management；Second year was ploughed deeply expand cave once to improve soil, i.e., along tree crown two sides every year by the 6th year after plantation
The fertilising cave of deep 0.6m, long 1m, width 0.5m are opened, and applies base manure；Reach full garden by 6 years expansion caves and plough deeply 0.6m, increases big
The purpose of amount organic fertilizer is ploughed deeply once, deep 0.4m-0.5m later while annual basal dressing every 2-3；
S4, fertilizer and water management；
Fertilizing method is as follows,
Apply heavy dressing base manure deeply: it is sub- to apply decomposed manure 2000Kg, borax 2Kg, sulfuric acid based on decomposed manure per acre for base manure
Iron 3Kg, acid soil, which is not applied and combined, ploughs deeply progress when improving the soil；
Top dressing: annual top dressing four times is combined when arid and is poured water；
Vernalization fertilizer: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, is carried out in early Febuary, urea 0.25Kg or compound fertilizer 0.5Kg is applied in strain；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilization time view kind is different and different, carries out in late June late May-, and sulfuric acid is applied in strain
Potassium 1.5Kg adds calcium superphosphate 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer 1.5Kg in alkaline soil, and calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5Kg or multiple is added in acid soil
Hefei 1.5Kg；It can be applied by several times every 15-20 days；
Expand fertilizer: based on nitrogen potash fertilizer, the 30-40 Tian Zhushi compound fertilizer 1Kg before fruit harvesting；
Fertilizer after adopting: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, should be applied immediately after fruit picking, to restore tree vigo(u)r, urea 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer are applied in strain
0.5Kg；
In addition, foliage top dressing: can all be carried out in entire growth period, fertilizer or correction nutritional deficiency is replenished in time, improves blade function；Root
According to tree vigo(u)r and result status, in conjunction with spray 0.2-0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500-1000 times of organic active
Fertile and other microelements.
Influence of the table 1-1 top dressing different fertilizer to sweet pear fruit character
S5, frame are built；The dormant period in orchard establishment second year or third year is built, and elder generation is on theatre both sides by concrete column every 5m
During oblique cutting buries, being buried in the earth depth is 0.9m or so, and cement intercolumniation is connected with steel strand wires, make theatre formed 5m × 5m or 5m ×
The big grid of 7m, then with the small grid of galvanized iron wire composition 1m × 1m in the big grid of steel strand wires composition, and with 1600m2 be
One unit sets one, stool bar, is connected with the steel strand wires between frame with galvanized iron wire at the top of stool bar, plays a part of to support frame.
S6, pruning；
The shaping of dormant period；
First Year, it is fixed dry at 60cm after plantation.
Second year selects the growth branch that 3 azimuths are 120 and increment is big to do major branch, with cloth or small bamboo with 50-60
It spends base angle and draws branch, draw branch direction uniformly outer bud or lateral bud to be selected to do clip bud cutting back, remaining branch makees auxiliary support；
In all one's life long shoot weight cutting back that the first quarter end in the current year selects 3 relative growth yields big, in second quarter end in residue
The biggish all one's life long shoot weight cutting back of increment is chosen in two growth branches；
Third year, major branch continue to pull open, and expand tree crown, select the growth branch raw away from the place trunk 1m or so side to select and remain on major branch and pay master
Branch selects and remain one on each major branch and pays major branch, pay major branch it is raw in the same side of major branch, select outer bud or lateral bud to do clip bud short
Cut, other growth branches dredge delete after pull open grow put, utilize result.
4th year, major branch, a pair major branch continued to pull open by former direction, expanded tree crown.Side shoot, the same side are selected and remain on paying major branch
Side shoot should keep the spacing of 80cm, remaining branch is dredged delete after pull open length and put, utilize result.
5th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to pull open extension, and fruitful branch stays 80cm long, and distance is between fruitful branch
40-50cm。
6th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to extension, changed head if having sealed ridge and can bounce back.
After 7th year, overstocked side shoot is deleted, adjusts the master-slave relationship between skeleton branch.1/4 or so life is utilized every year
Long shoot, which pulls open length, puts with rotation result, and the old branch after the result that bounces back in time.Fruitful branch spacing is 40-50cm.
The trimming in growth period；
Bud picking: the bud germinated near counterpart of erasing in early spring rudiment bud, big clip or saw kerf.
Pinching: excision growth site is higher at the beginning of late April to 5 months, the growing point of the stronger branch of growth potential.
Draw branch: September to October carries out drawing branch by the requirement of shaping to using the branch made major branch, pay major branch, side shoot,
Spreading angle.
The influence of table 2-2 different tree form and position to sweet pears yield and quality
S7, flower and fruit management；
Flower thinning, bud stage retain an inflorescence to coming into bloom, with 20cm-25cm spacing, remove the bud or flower of other inflorescences,
Retain blade.
Artificial pollination, flowering stage to full blossom end morning 9:00 to 16:00 in afternoon carry out.In case of microthermal climate can be opened at noon
Begin, the optimum temperature of artificial pollination is 20 DEG C -25 DEG C.It should not pollinate as noon temperature is higher than 25 DEG C.In case of arid should be filled
It irrigates to improve soil and air humidity.
It picks flowers kind: the florescence pear tree pollen good slightly before the affinity similar in pollinated variety or florescence must be acquired.
Influence of the table 3-3 difference xenia to sweet pear fruit character
The conspicuousness for having degree different in the different each character of the allergenic pollen plants superiority and inferiority that other pollinated varieties generate sweet pears
Difference.If influencing smaller on sweet the operatic circle shape and carpopodium by the overall target sequence of correlated traits and effectively improving single fruit weight and can
The one before pollinated variety of dissolubility solid content is followed successively by emerald, birch-leaf pear, Beijing white pear, Chinese pear and Huangguan Pear.
Fruit thinning, 10-15 days after full-bloom stage, large-scale fruit 25cm-30cm stays a fruit, and medium-sized fruit 20cm-25cm stays a fruit.
It suitably can be stayed in the percentage of fertile fruit low time, but each fruit tongue fur large size fruit is no more than 1, medium-sized fruit is no more than 2 more.Press frame face
Areal calculation, every square metre is stayed fruit amount to be no more than 10-13, leaf-fruit ratio up to 30: 1 preferably.
Bagging covers little Bai bags of Waxpaper after the shagreens fruit full blossom such as " kingfisher hat ", 35-45 days after full blossom in time in 20-25 days
A sack is covered again.The brown follicarpiums such as " chrysanthemum " pears only cover a sack.Before bagging must comprehensively spraying insecticide and fungicide (for
Anti- fruit russeting is forbidden to use missible oil type medicament).
S8, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Winter control
It selects and is got over compared with warm full garden 5% diesel oil emulsion of sprinkling of sunny day or 95% machine oil missible oil (spirit of a red-spotted lizard mite) 50-100 times of liquid, prevention and treatment
The pests such as winter coccid, pear sucker and worm's ovum, it is desirable that sprinkling is uniform.
5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed in (early March) full garden when perula loosens, and root out a variety of diseases such as scab, ring spot
The pests such as source bacterium and overwintering aphid, pear sucker and worm's ovum, it is desirable that sprinkling is uniform.
The prevention and treatment in growth period
It provides to execute by NY/T5102-2002 and be executed by pergola system technical regulation.
The above embodiments are only explanation of the invention, are not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of shaping and trimming method for improving sweet pears yield, it is characterised in that: the shaping including dormant period, the shaping of dormant period
The following steps are included:
First Year, it is fixed dry at 60 ㎝ after plantation；
Second year selects the growth branch that 3 azimuths are 120 and increment is big to do major branch, with cloth or small bamboo with 50-60 degree base
Branch is drawn at angle, draws branch direction uniformly outer bud or lateral bud to be selected to do clip bud cutting back, remaining branch makees auxiliary support；
In all one's life long shoot weight cutting back that the first quarter end in the current year selects 3 relative growth yields big, in second quarter end in residue
The biggish all one's life long shoot weight cutting back of increment is chosen in two growth branches；
Third year, major branch continue to pull open, and expand tree crown, select the growth branch raw away from 1 m of trunk or so place side to select and remain on major branch and pay
Major branch selects and remain one on each major branch and pays major branch, pay major branch it is raw in the same side of major branch, select outer bud or lateral bud to do clip bud
Cutting back, other growth branches dredge delete after pull open length put, utilize result；
4th year, major branch, a pair major branch continued to pull open by former direction, expanded tree crown；Side shoot, the side of the same side are selected and remain on paying major branch
Branch should keep the spacing of 80cm, remaining branch is dredged delete after pull open length and put, utilize result；
5th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to pull open extension, and fruitful branch stays 80cm long, and distance is 40- between fruitful branch
50cm；
6th year, major branch, pair major branch, side shoot continued to extension, changed head if having sealed ridge and can bounce back；
After 7th year, overstocked side shoot is deleted, adjusts the master-slave relationship between skeleton branch；1/4 or so growth branch is utilized every year
It pulls open length to put with rotation result, and the old branch after the result that bounces back in time, fruitful branch spacing are 40-50cm.
2. a kind of shaping and trimming method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include growth
The trimming of phase；The trimming in growth period the following steps are included:
Bud picking: the bud germinated near counterpart of erasing in early spring rudiment bud, big clip or saw kerf；
Pinching: excision growth site is higher at the beginning of late April to 5 months, the growing point of the stronger branch of growth potential；
Draw branch: September to October carries out drawing branch by the requirement of shaping, opens a business to using the branch made major branch, pay major branch, side shoot
Angle.
3. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield, comprising the following steps: S1, kind and nursery stock；S2, plantation；S3, soil pipe
Reason；S3, fertilizer and water management；S4, frame are built；S5, pruning；S6, flower and fruit management；S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；It is characterized by:
The S5, pruning method use shaping and trimming method of any of claims 1 or 2.
4. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the implantation methods
It is as follows: setting-out fixed point to be carried out according to the seeding row spacing of setting, every plant of level land digging 1m square, the planting pit of 0.6m depth, hillside fields is dug 1m and seen
Side, the planting pit of deep 1m, and be layered and apply decomposed manure 50Kg, it should be noted that add calcium superphosphate in alkaline soil
1Kg adds calcium magnesium phosphate 1Kg in acid soil；Sapling foundation 5cm-10cm above ground level when field planting, root soil touches after cultivation, first fills out
Fine earth, jog sapling, slightly upwardly mentions, and unfolds root, then helps straight having peace of mind；Root water disposably is irrigated, keeps soil and rhizosphere close
Patch, and cover the soil moisture conservation of 1m2 mulch.
5. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the soil management
Method is as follows: second year was ploughed deeply expand cave once to improve soil every year, i.e., open depth along tree crown two sides by the 6th year after plantation
The fertilising cave of 0.6m, long 1m, width 0.5m, and apply base manure；Reach full garden by 6 years expansion caves and plough deeply 0.6m, increasing largely has
The purpose of machine fertilizer is ploughed deeply once, deep 0.4m-0.5m later while annual basal dressing every 2-3.
6. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fertilizer and water management
Method is as follows:
Apply heavy dressing base manure deeply: it is sub- to apply decomposed manure 2000Kg, borax 2Kg, sulfuric acid based on decomposed manure per acre for base manure
Iron 3Kg, acid soil, which is not applied and combined, ploughs deeply progress when improving the soil；
Top dressing: annual top dressing four times is combined when arid and is poured water；
Vernalization fertilizer: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, is carried out in early Febuary, urea 0.25Kg or compound fertilizer 0.5Kg is applied in strain；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilization time view kind is different and different, carries out in late June late May-, and sulfuric acid is applied in strain
Potassium 1.5Kg adds calcium superphosphate 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer 1.5Kg in alkaline soil, and calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5Kg or multiple is added in acid soil
Hefei 1.5Kg；It can be applied by several times every 15-20 days；
Expand fertilizer: based on nitrogen potash fertilizer, the 30-40 Tian Zhushi compound fertilizer 1Kg before fruit harvesting；
Fertilizer after adopting: it based on nitrogenous fertilizer, should be applied immediately after fruit picking, urea 0.5Kg or compound fertilizer 0.5Kg is applied in strain；
Foliage top dressing: can all carry out in entire growth period, according to tree vigo(u)r and result status, in conjunction with spray 0.2-0.3% urea,
0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500-1000 times of organic active fertilizer.
7. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the frame is built
Method is as follows: the dormant period in orchard establishment second year or third year is built, and first enters concrete column every 5m oblique cutting on theatre both sides
In soil, being buried in the earth depth is 0.9m or so, and cement intercolumniation is connected with steel strand wires, and theatre is made to form the big of 5m × 5m or 5m × 7m
Grid, then steel strand wires composition big grid in galvanized iron wire composition 1m × 1m small grid, and with 1600m2 be a unit
If one, stool bar, stool bar top is connected with the steel strand wires between frame with galvanized iron wire, play a part of to support frame.
8. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the flower and fruit management
Including artificial pollination, artificial pollination needs to carry out in flowering stage to full blossom end morning 9:00 to 16:00 in afternoon, and artificial pollination is most
Thermophilic degree is 20 DEG C -25 DEG C；
Kind of picking flowers must acquire the florescence pear tree pollen good slightly before the affinity similar in pollinated variety or florescence.
9. a kind of cultural method for improving sweet pears yield according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the pollinated variety
For emerald, birch-leaf pear, Beijing white pear, Chinese pear and imperial crown pears.
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