CN109122131A - A kind of quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area - Google Patents
A kind of quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122131A CN109122131A CN201811016840.1A CN201811016840A CN109122131A CN 109122131 A CN109122131 A CN 109122131A CN 201811016840 A CN201811016840 A CN 201811016840A CN 109122131 A CN109122131 A CN 109122131A
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- quinoa
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- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010059410 Faecaluria Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NLKUPINTOLSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;4-(1-oxidopropylidene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=C1C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)CC1=O NLKUPINTOLSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxyphosphoric acid Chemical compound OOP(O)(O)=O MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000871189 Chenopodiaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 soft Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses multiple steps such as the quinoa efficient cultivation method, including selection of land, site preparation, scaffolding, overlay film, sowing, thinning, ridging, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and harvesting of a kind of low altitude area.On the one hand, the plastic-film-covered cultivation of quinoa provided by the invention and scaffolding cultivation are conducive to improve the microenvironment condition of quinoa growth, improve water use efficiency.On the other hand, the present invention not only selection of land, sowing, in terms of, effectively prevent quinoa to lodge.Moreover, the compounding application of base fertilizer and efficient compound fertilizer is conducive to the resistant to lodging of quinoa suitable for the entire growth cycle of inner quinoa, the yield of quinoa is improved, while also effectively improving the quality of quinoa.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation more particularly to a kind of quinoa Efficient Cultivation sides of low altitude area
Method.
Background technique
Quinoa (Cheuopodium quinoa) is also known as South America Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodiaceae paddy etc., originates in the South American regions such as Bolivia.Chenopodiaceae
Wheat is rich in the substances such as good protein, amino acid, cholesterol-free, seitan etc., is a kind of low fat, low sugar, alkali low in calories
Property food.Nineteen eighty-three, America & Canada start to plant experimentally quinoa, and 1987, quinoa product entered health-product market.Due to Chenopodiaceae
Wheat is also maintained at smaller range in the U.S., Canadian cultivated area, screens in recent years to the particularity of climate requirements
Some suitable low altitude areas, kind resistant to high temperature, cultivated area have widened trend out.In recent years due in great demand, China
Start to introduce a fine variety quinoa.
After introducing China, domestic not yet to form matched high-yield culture technique for different zones production status, field is thick
The formula management of putting causes plant large area to lodge, pest and disease damage is serious, low output, poor quality, encounters the high temperature and rainy time, or even cause
Total crop failure.Specifically, because quinoa plant is tall and big, side shoot is flourishing, in order to pursue economic benefit, blindly uses pesticide and change in large quantities
Fertilizer, it is long-term largely to use chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer, product pesticide high residue is caused, the hardening soil seriously destroys the life in farmland
State system, eventually leads to quinoa yield sharp fall, and cultivated area is also substantially reduced.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of quinoa efficient cultivation methods of low altitude area, low in China's height above sea level to solve quinoa
Regional low output, inferior problem.
The quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: between height above sea level 80-500 meters of selection, air port or air duct are avoided, selects the lesser plot of wind-force；
(2) site preparation: after the completion of preceding crop harvest, timely subsoiling is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, and plot is made to meet deep, loose, thin, flat want
It asks；
(3) it puts up a shed: being provided with several sunshades on selected plot, the sunshade includes ceiling and frame, wherein
The ceiling is blinds ceiling, and area is 5 × 5m, and the frame is highly 3-3.5m to support the blinds ceiling.
(4) overlay film: opening the blinds ceiling, selects the covering of 140cm wide ultrathin membrane, ridge face width 120cm, and film spacing is
20cm；Overlay film is close to ridge face, and both sides are compact with soil, presses a native waistband every 3-4m；Film Mulching in Autumn application improving straw mulching cuticula；
(5) sow: early or mid April is sowed, and using bunch planting, digs cave by line-spacing 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 40-50cm, cave is deep
3-5cm, applies base fertilizer in sowing cave, quinoa seed is uniformly sprinkled into sowing cave, quinoa seed 4-7 under each sowing cave
Grain, covers the mixture of plant ash and soil, slightly presses, after planting pour a water again；It can germination and emergence through 3-5 days；
Wherein, the following components in terms of mass fraction: 200-400 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, stalk 100- is contained in the base fertilizer
200 parts, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, sodium selenite 10-
20 parts, it is 0.5-1 parts of silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, bacillus 0.5-1 parts withered；
(6) thinning: after quinoa emergence, when height of seedling 15-20cm, thinning is carried out, while carrying out first time weeding, every cave final singling
1-2 plants；
(7) it earths up: when height of seedling 40-60cm, carrying out second of weeding, while first time ridging is carried out to quinoa；Height of seedling 80-
When 100cm, carries out second and earth up；
(8) it applies fertilizer: when quinoa is emerged 40-45 days, closing the blinds ceiling, apply efficient compound fertilizer, amount of application is
300-400kg/ mus；
Wherein, the following components in terms of mass fraction: 80-90 parts of plant ash, mud is contained in the efficient compound fertilizer
100-150 parts, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of Prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of poly-aspartate, humic acid
5-10 parts, 5-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: being observed in the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo breeding season, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo；
(10) it harvests: when quinoa fringe reddens, taking the mode of whole strain harvesting to divide 2-3 times and harvested quinoa, adopt
It is dried after harvesting.
Optionally, the base fertilizer preparation method the following steps are included:
A, the stalk of crushing and people and animals' fecaluria are mixed into row compost, are in furvous to compost, soft, compost is rotten
It is ripe；
B, ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, lignin, humic acid, sodium selenite are added in decomposed compost, mixing is equal
It is even；
C, after mixing silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, withered bacillus, the mixture of step b is admixed, ferment 7-
10 days, obtain base fertilizer.
Optionally, the efficient compound fertilizer preparation method the following steps are included:
A, mud is dried to water content less than 50%；
B, in the mud obtained in step a, plant ash, borax and humic acid are first admixed, Prohexadione calcium is added, crosses phosphorus
Sour calcium, poly-aspartate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite mixed solution, build heap, ferment 5-7 days, obtain efficient compound fertilizer.
Optionally, the blinds ceiling is made of several shutter boards, the opening direction of the shutter board be outward, to
On, the folding of the blinds ceiling is controlled by drawstring.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the wide plains region of northern China, annual precipitation is extremely unstable, although quinoa itself is drought-resistant
Crop, but its seeding stage is not drought-enduring, the soil moisture content in this period directly decides the survival rate of seedling, guarantees small seedling stage
Soil moisture content be to ensure that the key of quinoa full stand.The plastic-film-covered cultivation of quinoa is conducive to improve the microenvironment item of quinoa growth
Part improves water use efficiency.
(2) since the precipitation and soil fertility of plains region are above its source area, cause quinoa growth excessively vigorous,
Lead to lodging phenomenon more easily occur, the present invention not only selection of land, sowing, in terms of, effectively prevent quinoa to lodge.And
And the compounding application of base fertilizer and efficient compound fertilizer is conducive to the resistant to lodging of quinoa suitable for the entire growth cycle of inner quinoa,
The yield of quinoa is improved, while also effectively improving the quality of quinoa.
(3) sunshade is set up in the growth plot of quinoa, before seeding stage and seeding stage, opens blinds ceiling；Work as entrance
After pustulation period, blinds ceiling is closed, is in the late growth of quinoa under cool place always, is growth of the quinoa in low altitude area
Good condition is created, the increased quality of quinoa is conducive to.In addition to this, sunshade can also play windproof and rain proof anti-hail
Effect, it is effectively resistant to lodging, further ensure quinoa yield.
It should be understood that above general description and following detailed description be only it is exemplary and explanatory, not
It can the limitation present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of technical solution of the present invention, letter will be made to attached drawing needed in the embodiment below
Singly introduce, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, without any creative labor,
It is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of sunshade provided by the invention.
Each label indicates in Fig. 1: 1- ceiling, 2- frame, 3- drawstring.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of quinoa efficient cultivation methods of low altitude area, low in China's height above sea level to solve quinoa
Regional low output, inferior problem.Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, to the technology in the embodiment of the present invention
Scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than complete
The embodiment in portion.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are without making creative work
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: between height above sea level 80-500 meters of selection, air port or air duct are avoided, selects the lesser plot of wind-force.
(2) site preparation: after the completion of preceding crop harvest, timely subsoiling is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, and plot is made to meet deep, loose, thin, flat want
It asks.
(3) it puts up a shed: being provided with several sunshades on selected plot, the sunshade includes ceiling and frame, wherein
The ceiling is blinds ceiling, and area is 5 × 5m, and the frame is highly 3-3.5m to support the blinds ceiling.It is described
Blinds ceiling is made of several shutter boards, and the opening direction of the shutter board is the folding of the blinds ceiling outward, upwards
It is controlled by drawstring.Specifically, as shown in Figure 1.
(4) overlay film: opening the blinds ceiling, selects the covering of 140cm wide ultrathin membrane, ridge face width 120cm, and film spacing is
20cm；Overlay film is close to ridge face, and both sides are compact with soil, presses a native waistband every 3-4m；Film Mulching in Autumn application improving straw mulching cuticula.
(5) sow: early or mid April is sowed, and using bunch planting, digs cave by line-spacing 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 40-50cm, cave is deep
3-5cm, applies base fertilizer in sowing cave, quinoa seed is uniformly sprinkled into sowing cave, quinoa seed 4-7 under each sowing cave
Grain, covers the mixture of plant ash and soil, slightly presses, after planting pour a water again；It can germination and emergence through 3-5 days.
In the present embodiment, contain following components in terms of mass fraction in base fertilizer: 300 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, 200 parts of stalk,
5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30 parts of lignin, 75 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of sodium selenite, 1 part of silicate bacteria preparation, ferment
3 parts of female powder, 1 part of withered bacillus.The preparation method of base fertilizer is the following steps are included: a, mix the stalk of crushing and people and animals' fecaluria
Compost is carried out, is in furvous, soft, compost maturity to compost；B, ferrous sulfate, peroxophosphoric acid are added in decomposed compost
Calcium, lignin, humic acid, sodium selenite are uniformly mixed；C, silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, withered bacillus are mixed
Afterwards, the mixture of step b is admixed, ferments 7-10 days, obtains base fertilizer.
In addition to above scheme, matching for base fertilizer can take following scheme: 200-400 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, stalk 100-200
Part, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, sodium selenite 10-20
It is part, 0.5-1 parts of silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, bacillus 0.5-1 parts withered.
(6) thinning: after quinoa emergence, when height of seedling 15-20cm, thinning is carried out, while carrying out first time weeding, every cave final singling
1-2 plants.
(7) it earths up: when height of seedling 40-60cm, carrying out second of weeding, while first time ridging is carried out to quinoa；Height of seedling 80-
When 100cm, carries out second and earth up.
(8) it applies fertilizer: when quinoa is emerged 40-45 days, closing the blinds ceiling, apply efficient compound fertilizer, amount of application is
300-400kg/ mus.
In the present embodiment, the following components in terms of mass fraction: 80 parts of plant ash, mud 120 is contained in efficient compound fertilizer
Part, 15 parts of borax, 5 parts of Prohexadione calcium, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of poly-aspartate, 8 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
10 parts of sodium selenite.The preparation method of efficient compound fertilizer is the following steps are included: a, dry mud to water content less than 50%；b,
In the mud obtained in step a, plant ash, borax and humic acid are first admixed, adds Prohexadione calcium, calcium superphosphate, poly- day
The mixed solution of aspartic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite builds heap, ferments 5-7 days, obtains efficient compound fertilizer.
In addition to above scheme, matching for efficient compound fertilizer can take following scheme: 80-90 parts of plant ash, mud 100-150
Part, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of Prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of poly-aspartate, 5-10 parts of humic acid,
5-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite.
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: being observed in the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo breeding season, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo.
(10) it harvests: when quinoa fringe reddens, taking the mode of whole strain harvesting to divide 2-3 times and harvested quinoa, adopt
It is dried after harvesting.The maturity period for solving different plants is inconsistent, and the maturity period of same plant different parts is inconsistent
Problem.In addition, should pay close attention to weather forecast in the quinoa harvest season, if quinoa is mature on the whole, weather forecast has moderate rain or more
Rainfall should be got the harvest in quickly immediately, to reduce loss to the maximum extent.
The quinoa prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control rate planted through the foregoing embodiment is greater than 95%, and per mu yield is up to 200-250kg/ mus.
Comparative example 1
In addition to not using plastic-film-covered cultivation, other cultivation steps are same as Example 1, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, institute's spraying fertilizer i.e. reality
The efficient compound fertilizer applied in example 1 is also same as Example 1.Count the emergence rate and lodging rate of quinoa.
Comparative example 2
In addition to not using scaffolding, other cultivation steps are same as Example 1, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, institute's spraying fertilizer i.e. embodiment 1
In efficient compound fertilizer it is also same as Example 1.Count the emergence rate and lodging rate of quinoa.
Comparative example 3
The base fertilizer applied is common farmyard manure, and applied top dressing is potash fertilizer, other cultivation steps (including overlay film, scaffolding)
It is same as Example 1.Count the emergence rate and lodging rate of quinoa.
Comparative example 4
The base fertilizer applied is common farmyard manure, and applied top dressing is the efficient compound fertilizer in embodiment 1, other cultivation steps
Suddenly (including overlay film, scaffolding) is same as Example 1.Count the emergence rate and lodging rate of quinoa.
Comparative example 5
The base fertilizer applied be embodiment 1 in base fertilizer, apply top dressing be potash fertilizer, other cultivate step (including overlay film,
Scaffolding) it is same as Example 1.Count the emergence rate and lodging rate of every square metre of quinoa.
The emergence rate and lodging rate of 1 quinoa of table compare
| Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | |
| Emergence rate | 98% | 91% | 87% | 85% | 92% | 95% |
| Lodging rate | 8% | 20% | 19% | 22% | 20% | 22% |
By table 1 it can be concluded that
(1) plastic-film-covered cultivation mainly guarantees soil moisture and nutrient, makes quinoa that can smoothly emerge, therefore, embodiment 1 and right
Ratio 1 compares, and the emergence rate of comparative example 1 is greatly lowered.Base fertilizer is identical with top dressing, but due to lacking overlay film, so that lodging rate
It increases by a small margin, this is the reason of fertilizer loss.
(2) plastic-film-covered cultivation mainly guarantees quinoa quality, and therefore, embodiment 1 and comparative example 2 compare, the emergence of comparative example 2
Rate is greatly lowered.Base fertilizer is identical with top dressing, but due to lacking scaffolding, so that lodging rate increases, this is the absence of sunshade protection
Reason.
(3) embodiment 1, comparative example 3-5 comparison discovery, base fertilizer main function is guarantee emergence rate, and the main work of top dressing
With being resistant to lodging.Apply the plastic-film-covered cultivation of common farmyard manure and potash fertilizer, emergence rate and it is resistant to lodging cannot be protected, even
Lower than comparative example 1.Therefore, the combination application of base fertilizer and efficient compound fertilizer provided in this embodiment, can just play both can guarantee
The effect that quinoa emergence rate can promote quinoa resistant to lodging again, and then improve the yield and quality of quinoa.
Invention described above embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to of the invention its after considering specification and the disclosure invented here of practice
Its embodiment.The present invention is directed to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention, these modifications, purposes or
Person's adaptive change follows general principle of the invention and including the undocumented common knowledge in the art of the present invention
Or conventional techniques.The description and examples are only to be considered as illustrative, and true scope and spirit of the invention are by following
Claim is pointed out.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land: between height above sea level 80-500 meters of selection, air port or air duct are avoided, selects the lesser plot of wind-force；
(2) site preparation: after the completion of preceding crop harvest, timely subsoiling is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, and plot is made to meet deep, loose, thin, flat requirement；
(3) it puts up a shed: being provided with several sunshades on selected plot, the sunshade includes ceiling and frame, wherein described
Ceiling is blinds ceiling, and area is 5 × 5m, and the frame is highly 3-3.5m to support the blinds ceiling；
(4) overlay film: opening the blinds ceiling, selects the covering of 140cm wide ultrathin membrane, ridge face width 120cm, and film spacing is 20cm；
Overlay film is close to ridge face, and both sides are compact with soil, presses a native waistband every 3-4m；Film Mulching in Autumn application improving straw mulching cuticula；
(5) sow: early or mid April is sowed, and using bunch planting, digs cave, cave depth 3- by line-spacing 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 40-50cm
5cm, applies base fertilizer in sowing cave, quinoa seed is uniformly sprinkled into sowing cave, 4-7, quinoa seed under each sowing cave,
The mixture for covering plant ash and soil, slightly presses, and after planting pours a water again；It can germination and emergence through 3-5 days；
Wherein, the following components in terms of mass fraction: 200-400 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, stalk 100-200 is contained in the base fertilizer
Part, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, sodium selenite 10-20
It is part, 0.5-1 parts of silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, bacillus 0.5-1 parts withered；
(6) thinning: after quinoa emergence, when height of seedling 15-20cm, thinning is carried out, while carrying out first time weeding, every cave final singling 1-2
Strain；
(7) it earths up: when height of seedling 40-60cm, carrying out second of weeding, while first time ridging is carried out to quinoa；Height of seedling 80-
When 100cm, carries out second and earth up；
(8) it applies fertilizer: when quinoa is emerged 40-45 days, closing the blinds ceiling, apply efficient compound fertilizer, amount of application 300-
400kg/ mus；
Wherein, the following components in terms of mass fraction: 80-90 parts of plant ash, mud 100-150 is contained in the efficient compound fertilizer
Part, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of Prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of poly-aspartate, 5-10 parts of humic acid,
5-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: being observed in the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo breeding season, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo；
(10) it harvests: when quinoa fringe reddens, taking the mode of whole strain harvesting to divide 2-3 times and harvested quinoa, harvested
After dried.
2. the quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the system of the base fertilizer
Preparation Method the following steps are included:
A, the stalk of crushing and people and animals' fecaluria are mixed into row compost, are in furvous, soft, compost maturity to compost；
B, ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, lignin, humic acid, sodium selenite are added in decomposed compost, is uniformly mixed；
C, after mixing silicate bacteria preparation, 1-5 parts of yeast powder, withered bacillus, the mixture of step b is admixed, is fermented 7-10 days,
Obtain base fertilizer.
3. the quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high efficiency composition
Fertilizer preparation method the following steps are included:
A, mud is dried to water content less than 50%；
B, in the mud obtained in step a, plant ash, borax and humic acid are first admixed, adds Prohexadione calcium, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, poly-aspartate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite mixed solution, build heap, ferment 5-7 days, obtain efficient compound fertilizer.
4. the quinoa efficient cultivation method of low altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blinds ceiling
It is made of several shutter boards, the opening direction of the shutter board is outward, upwards that the folding of the blinds ceiling is by drawstring control
System.
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| CN113508726A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-10-19 | 李娟� | Cultivation device of comb-shaped grass under forest |
| CN113785744A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Quinoa cultivation method in low-altitude plain area |
| CN114868609A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-09 | 山西农业大学玉米研究所(山西省农业科学院玉米研究所) | High-density high-yield cultivation method for chenopodium quinoa |
| CN114868609B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-06-23 | 山西农业大学玉米研究所(山西省农业科学院玉米研究所) | High-density high-yield cultivation method for quinoa cultivation |
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