CN109116272B - Large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on tapered fiber bragg grating and preparation method - Google Patents
Large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on tapered fiber bragg grating and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the bandwidth of optical signals obtained by a magnetic field sensor in the prior art is relatively narrow, the invention provides a large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor comprises a capillary glass tube, the tapered fiber grating and a magnetic fluid; the method is characterized in that: the tapered fiber bragg grating comprises a light inlet section, a stretching section, a light outlet section and a plurality of fiber bragg gratings, wherein the light inlet section is used for receiving incident light waves, the stretching section is used for leading out the light waves, and the fiber bragg gratings are sequentially connected; the stretching section comprises a first circular table section, a cylindrical section and a second circular table section which are connected in sequence; the fiber bragg gratings are uniformly arranged in the middle of the capillary glass tube and are inscribed in the diameter-changing section of the second circular truncated cone section. The invention has simple structure, and obtains larger bandwidth of optical signals by arranging the fiber grating on the diameter-variable section of the second circular truncated cone section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical Fiber sensing in information technology, and particularly relates to a large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a Tapered Fiber Bragg Grating (TFBG), which can effectively increase the bandwidth of an optical signal, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Magnetic fields or information related to magnetic fields exist in nature and in many places of human social life. In the information society of today, magnetic field sensors have become indispensable basic elements in the information technology and information industries. At present, magnetic field sensors utilizing various physical, chemical and biological effects have been developed and widely used in various aspects of research, production and social life, and have been subjected to the task of exploring various kinds of information.
Early magnetic field sensors were developed with the advancement of magnetic measuring instruments. In many magnetic measurement methods, magnetic field information is mostly converted into electrical signals for measurement. In a magnetic measuring instrument, a probe or a sampling device is a magnetic field sensor. Conventional magnetic field sensors include magnetic force methods, electromagnetic induction methods, electromagnetic effect methods, magnetic resonance methods, and the like, and most of these methods are based on an energized coil or a metal or semiconductor structure. With the rapid development of information industry, industrial automation, transportation, power electronics, office automation, home appliances, medical instruments, etc., and the popularization of electronic computer applications, a large number of sensors are required to measure and control non-electrical parameters. Based on the above requirements, the optical fiber type magnetic field sensor has been focused on and researched and developed.
And compared with the traditional electric magnetic field sensor, the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, easy networking transmission and the like.
Currently, optical fiber type magnetic field sensors have been put into practical use, and modulation of optical signals by magnetic fluid is one of the main methods. The magnetic fluid is a novel functional material, the evaporation rate of the magnetic fluid is related to the carrier liquid, and meanwhile, when an external magnetic field exists, solid particles in the magnetic fluid can be gathered and are directionally arranged along the direction of the external magnetic field, so that the refractive index of the magnetic fluid is changed.
The specific mode is as follows: an optical fiber magnetic field sensor (CN 207352076U) based on a double-core optical fiber micro-channel and a magnetic fluid utilizes the double-core optical fiber to form interference, and uses the magnetic fluid to regulate one path of interference arm to detect; the magnetic field sensor (CN 207281263U) comprises a magnetic fluid coated micro-nano fiber grating sensing head, the fiber grating corroded by HF acid is coated by the magnetic fluid, and a magnetic field is detected according to the change of the refractive index of the magnetic fluid.
In addition, for example, a magnetic field sensor and a measuring method based on a photonic crystal fiber and a grating (cn201711260749. x), a nanogold grating is processed on the side surface of the photonic crystal fiber by an etching method, then the metal grating is coated by magnetic fluid, and a magnetic field is detected according to the excitation condition of surface plasmon.
And a magnetic field sensor (CN 107064827A) based on the grapefruit-type optical fiber and the Bragg fiber grating, wherein the magnetic fluid is filled in the grapefruit-type optical fiber, and the magnetic field sensor utilizes the reflection characteristic wavelength of the fiber grating to reflect signals, so that magnetic field signals are obtained.
In the above patent, limited by the characteristics of the fiber bragg grating, the bandwidths of the optical signals obtained by these magnetic field sensors are relatively narrow, and the energy of the light modulated by the magnetic field exists only in a small wavelength range; and the evanescent field of the common fiber grating is very small, and the interaction energy with the magnetic fluid is small.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the bandwidth of optical signals obtained by a magnetic field sensor in the prior art is relatively narrow, the invention provides a large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively increase the bandwidth and enhance the interaction with magnetic fluid, thereby forming an optical fiber type magnetic field sensor with a more compact structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating comprises a capillary glass tube, the tapered fiber grating coaxially and hermetically arranged in the capillary glass tube, and a magnetic fluid filled in the capillary glass tube; the tapered fiber bragg grating comprises a light inlet section, a stretching section, a light outlet section and a plurality of fiber bragg gratings, wherein the light inlet section is used for receiving incident light waves, the stretching section is used for leading out the light waves, and the fiber bragg gratings are sequentially connected;
the drawing section is arranged in the capillary glass tube, and the light inlet section and the light outlet section extend to the outside of the capillary glass tube;
the stretching section comprises a first circular table section, a cylindrical section and a second circular table section which are connected in sequence; the large-diameter end of the first circular platform section corresponds to and is connected with the light inlet section; the small-diameter end of the first circular platform section corresponds to and is connected with one end of the cylindrical section; the small-diameter end of the second circular platform section corresponds to and is connected with the other end of the cylindrical section; the large-diameter end of the second circular platform section corresponds to and is connected with the light emitting section;
the fiber bragg gratings are uniformly arranged in the middle of the capillary glass tube and are inscribed in the diameter-changing section of the second circular truncated cone section.
An aluminum pipe for preventing the magnetic fluid from volatilizing is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the capillary glass pipe; the aluminum pipe is hermetically arranged with the light inlet section and the light outlet section.
The inner diameter of the aluminum pipe is 0.7-1.0 mm, the outer diameter of the aluminum pipe is 0.9-1.2 mm, and the length of the aluminum pipe is 5-6 cm.
The first circular truncated cone section and the second circular truncated cone section have the same taper ratio, and the taper ratio is 0.24-0.4; the length of the fiber grating is 2-3 mm.
The inner diameter of the capillary glass tube is 0.3-0.5mm, the outer diameter is 0.5-0.7mm, and the length is 3-4 cm.
A manufacturing method of the large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on the tapered fiber grating comprises the following steps:
A. performing melting and stretching on the single-mode fiber by a phase mask method, and then writing the fiber grating on the reducer section of the second circular table section of the tapered fiber grating by the phase mask method to finally obtain the tapered fiber grating;
B. horizontally placing the capillary glass tube, and coaxially placing the tapered fiber bragg grating obtained in the step A in the middle of the capillary glass tube to form a combination of the capillary glass tube and the tapered fiber bragg grating;
C. absorbing the magnetic fluid by the combination of the capillary glass tube and the conical fiber bragg grating obtained in the step B through capillary action to obtain a liquid-filled glass tube with two open ends;
D. horizontally standing the liquid-filled glass tube with the two open ends obtained in the step C for 15-20min, removing air in the capillary glass tube, and then sealing the first circular table section, the cylindrical section and the second circular table section in the capillary glass tube through first ultraviolet curing glue seals at the two ends of the capillary glass tube to obtain a detection head for detecting the magnetic field intensity;
wherein, the first ultraviolet curing glue sealing and curing method is to irradiate for 100-;
E. and D, coaxially arranging a shell for preventing the magnetic fluid from volatilizing outside the detection head obtained in the step D, and sealing the shell by a second ultraviolet curing adhesive.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: in order to detect the change of the magnetic field intensity in a larger bandwidth range, the invention selects to write the fiber grating on the reducing section of the second circular table section, namely the waist position of the stretching section, and simultaneously, the dumbbell-shaped stretching section enables the reflection spectrum to contain the intermodal interference peak. The direction of the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic fluid change can be obtained according to the intermode interference signal. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the invention can be further improved.
The drawing section is characterized in that the refractive indexes of the cladding and the core are reduced along with the reduction of the diameter of the optical fiber in the drawing process, and two gradually-changed waist areas and a gentle transition area are formed at the same time. When light waves enter from one end of the stretching section, a part of the light waves are transmitted to the surrounding structure of the optical fiber due to the change of the waveguide structure, the stretching section becomes a new fiber core, and the external environment becomes a cladding. When the magnetic field changes the external environment, the refractive index of the magnetic fluid is changed, so that the loss of a reflected light signal is obtained, and the measurement of the magnetic field intensity is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the optical wave is transmitted through the stretching section, and the optical fiber grating is arranged on the diameter-variable section of the second circular platform section. When the magnetic fluid changes the refractive index under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetic fluid and the evanescent field of the tapered fiber grating are matched for action and coupling, so that the output signal of the fiber grating changes, the signal bandwidth can reach more than 2nm, and the signal contrast of the inter-mode interference is increased along with the enhancement of the magnetic field intensity. The invention has simple structure, and obtains larger bandwidth of optical signals by arranging the fiber grating on the diameter-variable section of the second circular truncated cone section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a magnetic field monitoring system using the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the reflection spectrum of the present invention compared with the reflection bandwidth of a conventional uniform fiber grating.
Fig. 4 shows the reflection spectrum recorded by the spectrometer with the external magnetic field changed.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: referring to fig. 1, a large bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating comprises a capillary glass tube 4 with an inner diameter of 0.3-0.5mm, an outer diameter of 0.5-0.7mm and a length of 3-4cm, a tapered fiber grating 3 coaxially and hermetically arranged in the capillary glass tube 4, and a magnetic fluid 5 filled in the capillary glass tube 4; the tapered fiber grating 3 comprises a light inlet section 301 for receiving incident light waves, a stretching section 302, a light outlet section 303 for leading out light waves and a plurality of fiber gratings 304 which are connected in sequence;
wherein, the stretching section 302 is arranged in the capillary glass tube 4, and the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303 extend to the outside of the capillary glass tube 4;
the stretching section 302 comprises a first circular truncated cone section 3021, a cylindrical section 3022 and a second circular truncated cone section 3023 which are connected in sequence; moreover, the large-diameter end of the first round table section 3021 corresponds to and is connected with the light inlet section 301; the small diameter end of the first round table section 3021 corresponds to and is connected to one end of the cylindrical section 3022; the small diameter end of the second round table section 3023 corresponds to and is connected to the other end of the cylindrical section 3022; the large-diameter end of the second round table section 3023 corresponds to and is connected with the light emergent section 303; preferably, the first and second frustum sections 3021 and 3023 have the same taper ratio, which is 0.24 to 0.4, resulting in the dumbbell-shaped tension section 302.
The fiber bragg gratings 304 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the capillary glass tube 4, and the fiber bragg gratings 304 are inscribed in the reducer section of the second round table section 3023; the length of the fiber grating 304 is 2-3 mm.
In order to prevent the magnetic fluid 5 from volatilizing, an aluminum tube 8 for preventing the magnetic fluid 5 from volatilizing is coaxially arranged outside the capillary glass tube 4; the aluminum pipe 8 is hermetically arranged with the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303; when the aluminum tube is sealed, the aluminum tube 8, the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303 can be sealed by ultraviolet curing glue, and the ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating the glue.
A manufacturing method of the large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on the tapered fiber grating comprises the following steps:
A. performing melting and stretching on the single-mode fiber by a phase mask method, and then writing the fiber grating 304 on the reducer section of the second round platform section 3023 of the tapered fiber grating 3 by the phase mask method to finally obtain the tapered fiber grating 3;
B. horizontally placing the capillary glass tube 4, and coaxially placing the tapered fiber bragg grating 3 obtained in the step A in the middle of the capillary glass tube 4 to form a combined body of the capillary glass tube 4 and the tapered fiber bragg grating 3;
C. absorbing the magnetic fluid 5 by the combination of the capillary glass tube 4 and the conical fiber grating 3 obtained in the step B through capillary action to obtain a liquid-filled glass tube with two open ends;
D. horizontally standing the liquid-filled glass tube with the two open ends obtained in the step C for 15-20min, removing air in the capillary glass tube 4, and then sealing the first round table section 3021, the cylindrical section 3022 and the second round table section 3023 in the capillary glass tube 4 through the first ultraviolet curing adhesive seals 6, 7 at the two ends of the capillary glass tube 4 to obtain a detection head for detecting the magnetic field intensity;
wherein, the first ultraviolet curing glue seal 6, 7 is cured by irradiating for 100 and 150 seconds through an ultraviolet lamp;
E. and D, coaxially arranging a shell for preventing the magnetic fluid 5 from volatilizing outside the detection head obtained in the step D, and sealing the shell by second ultraviolet curing glue seals 9 and 10.
It is to be understood that: the sealing method of the second ultraviolet curing glue seals 9 and 10 in the step E is the same as that in the step D.
It is to be understood that: please refer to fig. 1 for directional description herein.
Specific example I: referring to fig. 1, a large bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on tapered fiber bragg grating is composed of a capillary glass tube 4 with an inner diameter of 0.4mm, an outer diameter of 0.6mm and a length of 3.5cm, a tapered fiber bragg grating 3 coaxially and hermetically arranged in the capillary glass tube 4, and a magnetic fluid 5 filled in the capillary glass tube 4; the tapered fiber grating 3 is composed of a light inlet section 301 for receiving incident light waves, a stretching section 302, a light outlet section 303 for leading out light waves and five fiber gratings 304 which are connected in sequence; wherein the magnetic fluid 5 is water-soluble Fe4O3Model EMG 605;
wherein, the stretching section 302 is arranged in the capillary glass tube 4, and the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303 extend to the outside of the capillary glass tube 4;
the stretching section 302 is composed of a first circular truncated cone section 3021, a cylindrical section 3022, and a second circular truncated cone section 3023 which are connected in sequence; moreover, the large-diameter end of the circular truncated cone section 3021 corresponds to and is connected with the light inlet section 301; the small diameter end of the first round table section 3021 corresponds to and is connected to one end of the cylindrical section 3022; the small diameter end of the second round table section 3023 corresponds to and is connected to the other end of the cylindrical section 3022; the large-diameter end of the second round table section 3023 corresponds to and is connected with the light emergent section 303; preferably, the first and second frustum sections 3021 and 3023 have the same taper ratio, which is 0.24 to 0.4, resulting in the dumbbell-shaped tension section 302.
The fiber bragg gratings 304 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the capillary glass tube 4, and the fiber bragg gratings 304 are inscribed in the reducer section of the second round table section 3023; the fiber grating 304 has a length of 2.5 mm.
Meanwhile, an aluminum pipe 8 is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the capillary glass tube 4; the aluminum pipe 8 is hermetically arranged with the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303; during sealing, the aluminum tube 8 is sealed with the light inlet section 301 and the light outlet section 303 by ultraviolet curing glue sealing, and the glue is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet lamp for 150 seconds.
In use, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention, such as a magnetic field monitoring system, comprises, in addition to the large bandwidth magnetic field sensor of the present invention, a broadband light source module 11, a three-terminal circulator 14, a spectrum analyzer 12, and a magnetic field generator 13; wherein the fiber grating 304 is located within the magnetic field of the magnetic field generator 13; the input end of the three-terminal circulator 14 is connected with the broadband light source module 11; one output end of the three-terminal circulator 14 is connected with the light inlet section 301 of the tapered fiber grating 3; the other output end of the three-terminal circulator 14 is connected with the spectrum analyzer 12.
It is to be understood that: the principle of the magnetic field monitoring system is as follows: the light wave of the broadband light source module 11 is transmitted to the light-emitting section 303 through the light-entering section 301 of the tapered fiber grating 3, the light wave is reflected by the magnetic fluid 5 and the fiber grating 304, transmitted to the light-emitting section 303 through the light-emitting section 303 again, and transmitted to the spectrum analyzer 12 from the three-terminal circulator 14, so that the light signal is detected.
As shown in fig. 3, the reflection spectrum of the present invention has a larger reflection bandwidth than a general uniform fiber grating.
Referring to fig. 4, the reflection spectrum of the present invention was recorded by a spectrum analyzer under a change in the external magnetic field.
In combination with the above, the present invention also has the following advantages: the invention adopts the structure of the dumbbell-shaped stretching section 302, so that the sensing part of the invention is more integrated and has smaller volume.
The invention overcomes the problem of narrow measurement bandwidth of most fiber grating magnetic field sensors in the prior art, and can measure the response of a magnetic field in a larger bandwidth range.
The invention utilizes the mode interference signal formed by the action of the conical fiber grating 3 and the magnetic fluid 5, and the contrast of the interference fringe is increased along with the change of the magnetic field intensity.
According to the invention, the aluminum pipe 8 is secondarily packaged outside the capillary glass tube 4, so that the optical fiber sensing unit is effectively protected, the volatilization of the magnetic fluid 5 is effectively prevented and the stability of the invention is improved on the premise of not influencing the magnetic field.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A large-bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating comprises a capillary glass tube (4), a tapered fiber grating (3) coaxially and hermetically arranged in the capillary glass tube (4) and a magnetic fluid (5) filled in the capillary glass tube (4); the method is characterized in that: the tapered fiber grating (3) comprises a light inlet section (301) for receiving incident light waves, a stretching section (302), a light outlet section (303) for leading out the light waves and a plurality of fiber gratings (304) which are connected in sequence;
the drawing section (302) is arranged in the capillary glass tube (4), and the light inlet section (301) and the light outlet section (303) extend to the outside of the capillary glass tube (4);
the stretching section (302) comprises a first circular table section (3021), a cylindrical section (3022) and a second circular table section (3023) which are connected in sequence; the large-diameter end of the first circular platform section (3021) corresponds to and is connected with the light inlet section (301); the small-diameter end of the first circular platform section (3021) corresponds to and is connected with one end of the cylindrical section (3022); the small-diameter end of the second circular platform section (3023) corresponds to and is connected with the other end of the cylindrical section (3022); the large-diameter end of the second circular platform section (3023) corresponds to and is connected with the light emitting section (303), the first circular platform section (3021) and the second circular platform section (3023) have the same taper ratio, and the taper ratio is 0.24-0.4;
the length of the fiber bragg grating (304) is 2-3 mm, the fiber bragg grating (304) is uniformly arranged in the middle of the capillary glass tube (4), and the fiber bragg grating (304) is inscribed in the diameter-changing section of the second circular table section (3023).
2. The large bandwidth tapered fiber grating-based magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein: an aluminum pipe (8) for preventing the magnetic fluid (5) from volatilizing is coaxially arranged at the outer side of the capillary glass pipe (4); the aluminum pipe (8) is hermetically arranged with the light inlet section (301) and the light outlet section (303).
3. The large bandwidth tapered fiber grating-based magnetic field sensor according to claim 2, wherein: the inner diameter of the aluminum pipe (8) is 0.7-1.0 mm, the outer diameter is 0.9-1.2 mm, and the length is 5-6 cm.
4. The large bandwidth tapered fiber grating-based magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube (4) is 0.3-0.5mm, the outer diameter is 0.5-0.7mm, and the length is 3-4 cm.
5. A method for manufacturing a large bandwidth magnetic field sensor based on a tapered fiber grating according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
A. melting and stretching the single-mode fiber by a phase mask method, and then writing the fiber grating (304) on the reducer section of the second circular platform section (3023) of the tapered fiber grating (3) by the phase mask method to finally obtain the tapered fiber grating (3);
B. horizontally placing the capillary glass tube (4), and coaxially placing the tapered fiber bragg grating (3) obtained in the step A in the middle of the capillary glass tube (4) to form a combined body of the capillary glass tube (4) and the tapered fiber bragg grating (3);
C. absorbing the magnetic fluid (5) by the combination of the capillary glass tube (4) and the conical fiber bragg grating (3) obtained in the step B through capillary action to obtain a liquid-filled glass tube with two open ends;
D. horizontally standing the liquid-filled glass tube with the two open ends obtained in the step C for 15-20min, removing air in the capillary glass tube (4), and then sealing the first circular table section (3021), the cylindrical section (3022) and the second circular table section (3023) in the capillary glass tube (4) at the two ends of the capillary glass tube (4) through first ultraviolet curing glue seals (6, 7) to obtain a detection head for detecting the magnetic field intensity;
wherein, the first ultraviolet curing glue seal (6, 7) is cured by irradiating for 100-150 s through an ultraviolet lamp;
and C, coaxially arranging a shell for preventing the magnetic fluid (5) from volatilizing outside the detection head obtained in the step D, and sealing the shell by second ultraviolet curing glue seals (9, 10).
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| CN109709499B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-04-27 | 西北大学 | Probe type vector magnetic field sensor based on fiber bragg grating and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110836853A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-25 | 河南渡盈光电科技有限公司 | Microfluidic chip, microfluidic test system and microfluidic test method |
| CN111256874A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for solving cross sensitivity of magnetic fluid and optical fiber to temperature |
| CN111736001A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 河南大学 | Novel optical current sensor, system and method based on magnetofluid and grating |
| CN113281685B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-02-08 | 宏安集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring magnetic field characteristics by using fiber Bragg grating |
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