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CN109094139B - 一种新构型蜂窝夹层板 - Google Patents

一种新构型蜂窝夹层板 Download PDF

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CN109094139B
CN109094139B CN201810896962.8A CN201810896962A CN109094139B CN 109094139 B CN109094139 B CN 109094139B CN 201810896962 A CN201810896962 A CN 201810896962A CN 109094139 B CN109094139 B CN 109094139B
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黄涛
陈舒平
龚耀华
杨开科
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新构型蜂窝夹层板；由铝合金面板、蜂窝芯层、复合材料面板和夹层板体组成；蜂窝夹层板体采用压制成型，由外向内依次为铝合金面板、蜂窝芯层和复合材料面板，铝合金面板内表面与蜂窝芯层顶端部连接，复合材料面板内表面与蜂窝芯层底端部连接；若干个蜂窝单胞等间距平行排列胶粘于大肋板上，蜂窝单胞之间线接触部位焊接形成蜂窝链，且与相邻两个蜂窝链层叠粘接，蜂窝单胞侧边与小肋板依中心圆柱体对称连接。夹层板利用圆柱体轴压稳定塑性吸能的特点，提高蜂窝夹层板承受面外载荷的比刚度和比强度，使面板的受力更均匀；增强了蜂窝芯的力学性能及在承载面外载荷的能力，提高了蜂窝夹层板抗压、抗弯和抗冲击能力。

Description

一种新构型蜂窝夹层板
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料结构设计与制造技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种新构型蜂窝夹层板，适用于飞机翼襟、尾翼以及包装箱芯层复合材料及结构设计制造。
背景技术
蜂窝夹层板具有质量轻、比刚度大、比强度高、稳定性好、隔热、隔音的特点，在航空航天、汽车、船舶、包装运输等领域应用非常广泛。常见的以正六边形蜂窝作为夹层板的芯材，蜂窝芯是人类仿生应用的一大成果，正六边形蜂窝是大自然的杰作，史上多位学者对此都进行研究并指出天然蜂窝在同等质量下的容积最大，而且刚度最好。目前正六边形蜂窝夹层板在设计理论和制造技术上也已较为成熟，其抵抗变形的工作原理类似于工字梁、槽形梁等，在不提高材料性能的前提下，通过设计合理的截面尺寸和形状，使得在相同载荷下，变形和应力尽可能小，从而尽可能地减少质量。但从轻量化的角度而言，夹层板中常见的正六边形蜂窝芯并不是最优的。
对于蜂窝构型的改进已有不少研究，在已公开的文献“Crashworthiness ofvertex based hierarchical honeycombs in out-of-plane impact”(《Materials andDesign》110(2016)705-719)文中提到对正六边形蜂窝进行了顶点分形，得到一级分形蜂窝和二级分形蜂窝，虽然在面外力学性能方面有所提高，但构型较为复杂，难于加工制造。
在专利CN103991247A中公开了“一种中空轻质类蜂窝仿生结构的蜂窝板”，该仿生结构的蜂窝板从蜂窝芯的整体结构没有明显的变化，蜂窝夹层板的面板未支持区域并无明显增加，因此在面外的抗压抗冲击能力相对于质量的增加并没有较大改善。常见的蜂窝夹层板虽然在面外承载方面性能优异，但其承载能力有限，在较大面外压力或冲击载荷作用下，芯子易发生塑性屈曲，夹层板迅速进入平台应力期，而使结构的承载能力明显下降。
发明内容
为了避免现有技术存在的不足，本发明提出一种新构型蜂窝夹层板；该蜂窝夹层板利用圆柱体轴压稳定塑性吸能的特点，提高蜂窝夹层板承受面外载荷的比刚度和比强度，使面板的受力更加均匀；增强了蜂窝芯子力学性能及在承载面外载荷的能力，提高了蜂窝夹层板抗压、抗弯和抗冲击能力。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:包括夹层板体，其特征在于夹层板体采用压制成型，由外向内依次为铝合金面板、蜂窝芯层和复合材料面板，铝合金面板内表面与蜂窝芯层顶端部连接，铝合金面板用来直接承受外部载荷，复合材料面板内表面与蜂窝芯层底端部连接，复合材料面板用来承受蜂窝芯传递的载荷、面内应力；
所述蜂窝芯层包括蜂窝单胞、大肋板、小肋板、圆柱体,若干蜂窝单胞等间距平行排列胶粘于大肋板上，蜂窝单胞之间线接触部位焊接形成蜂窝链，且与相邻两个蜂窝链层叠粘接，蜂窝单胞侧边与小肋板依中心圆柱体对称连接，蜂窝的四个非共享侧壁沿中线向内折起成夹角θ，折角线与圆柱体璧通过小肋板连接，夹角θ取值范围为-30°≤θ≤30°。
所述圆柱体为中空薄璧铝制件。
所述大肋板、小肋板均采用铝合金材料。
所述复合材料面板为凯夫拉纤维复合材料面板。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种新构型蜂窝夹层板；蜂窝夹层板体采用压制成型，由外向内依次为铝合金面板、蜂窝芯层和复合材料面板，铝合金面板内表面与蜂窝芯层顶端部连接，复合材料面板内表面与蜂窝芯层底端部连接；若干个蜂窝单胞等间距平行排列胶粘于大肋板上，蜂窝单胞之间线接触部位焊接形成蜂窝链，且与相邻两个蜂窝链层叠粘接，蜂窝单胞侧边与小肋板依中心圆柱体对称连接。夹层板利用圆柱体轴压稳定塑性吸能的特点，提高蜂窝夹层板承受面外载荷的比刚度和比强度，使面板的受力更均匀；增强了蜂窝芯的力学性能及在承载面外载荷的能力，提高了蜂窝夹层板抗压、抗弯和抗冲击能力。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明一种新构型蜂窝夹层板作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明新构型蜂窝夹层板示意图。
图2为本发明新构型蜂窝夹层板俯视图。
图3为本发明新构型蜂窝夹层板的蜂窝单胞俯视图。
图4为本发明新构型蜂窝夹层板的蜂窝单胞立体图。
图5为本发明新构型蜂窝夹层板的蜂窝链示意图。
图中
1.铝合金面板 2.蜂窝芯层 3.复合材料面板 4.大肋板 5.圆柱体 6.小肋板 7.蜂窝单胞
具体实施方式
本实施例是一种新构型蜂窝夹层板。
参阅图1～图5，本实施例新构型蜂窝夹层板，夹层板体采用压制成型，由外向内依次为铝合金面板1、蜂窝芯层2和复合材料面板3，铝合金面板1内表面与蜂窝芯层2顶端部连接，铝合金面板1用来直接承受外部载荷，复合材料面板3内表面与蜂窝芯层2底端部连接，复合材料面板3用来承受蜂窝芯传递的载荷、面内应力。复合材料面板为凯夫拉纤维复合材料面板。
本实施例中,蜂窝芯层2包括蜂窝单胞7、大肋板4、小肋板6、圆柱体5，若干个蜂窝单胞7等间距平行排列胶粘于大肋板4上，蜂窝单胞7之间线接触部位焊接形成蜂窝链，且与相邻两个蜂窝链层叠粘接；蜂窝单胞7侧边与小肋板6依中心圆柱体5对称连接，蜂窝的四个非共享侧壁沿中线向内折起成夹角θ，折角线与圆柱体璧通过小肋板6连接，夹角θ取值范围为-30°≤θ≤30°。
圆柱体5为中空薄璧铝制件。大肋板4、小肋板6均采用铝合金材料。
本实施例新构型蜂窝夹层板制备粘接方式:应用有限元软件对折角θ，圆柱体5直径d进行面外抗压强度优化，得到新构型蜂窝的最佳尺寸参数θ为20°，d为2.4cm。利用冲压模具技术制备铝蜂窝单胞7，新构型蜂窝壁厚为0.5mm，蜂窝边长l为6cm,高度为12cm。多个铝蜂窝单胞7平行排列，胶粘于铝制大肋板4上，蜂窝单胞7之间线接触部位焊接，形成蜂窝链，同时制成其它两个蜂窝链，多个蜂窝链叠罗汉式粘接在一起，形成蜂窝芯层2。铝蜂窝芯层2粘接于铝合金面板1上，凯夫拉纤维复合材料面板3胶粘于蜂窝芯层2另行一面。本实施例中,蜂窝夹层板内部布置直径为d的圆柱体能增加蜂窝抵抗面外压缩的能力，圆柱体在轴压下一般有稳定的渐进破坏模式，通过塑性屈曲吸收能量，是性能优越的缓冲吸能结构，在整个压缩过程中，瞬态载荷的幅值在平均载荷附近波动，是金属圆柱体具有较强的吸能能力的根本原因。蜂窝的四个非共享侧壁沿中线向内折起一定角度θ，可减少小肋板的用料，还能提高蜂窝侧壁在载荷状态时的稳定性，并通过结构截面形状和尺寸来提高发生欧拉屈曲时的临界载荷。小肋板可以固定圆柱体和蜂窝的相对位置，还能提高蜂窝抗面外压缩能力。通过在蜂窝单胞内部增加圆柱体、蜂窝非共享侧壁沿中线折起、设置小肋板三种方式，增加了承力壁，从而使面板和蜂窝芯子的受力更加均匀，可有效减小应力集中现象，提高引起夹层结构失稳的欧拉临界载荷，从而提高夹层板抗压、抗弯和抗冲击等能力。

Claims (4)

1.一种新构型蜂窝夹层板，包括夹层板体，其特征在于:夹层板体采用压制成型，由外向内依次为铝合金面板、蜂窝芯层和复合材料面板，铝合金面板内表面与蜂窝芯层顶端部连接，铝合金面板用来直接承受外部载荷，复合材料面板内表面与蜂窝芯层底端部连接，复合材料面板用来承受蜂窝芯传递的载荷、面内应力；
所述蜂窝芯层包括蜂窝单胞、大肋板、小肋板、圆柱体,若干蜂窝单胞等间距平行排列胶粘于大肋板上，蜂窝单胞之间线接触部位焊接形成蜂窝链，且与相邻两个蜂窝链层叠粘接，蜂窝单胞侧边与小肋板依中心圆柱体对称连接，蜂窝的四个非共享侧壁沿中线向内折起成夹角θ，折角线与圆柱体璧通过小肋板连接，夹角θ取值范围为-30°≤θ≤30°。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新构型蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于:所述圆柱体为中空薄璧铝制件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新构型蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于:所述大肋板、小肋板均采用铝合金材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新构型蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于:所述复合材料面板为凯夫拉纤维复合材料面板。
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