CN109068692A - 含有大麦β-葡聚糖的饮料 - Google Patents
含有大麦β-葡聚糖的饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109068692A CN109068692A CN201780027376.3A CN201780027376A CN109068692A CN 109068692 A CN109068692 A CN 109068692A CN 201780027376 A CN201780027376 A CN 201780027376A CN 109068692 A CN109068692 A CN 109068692A
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- beta glucan
- barley
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备包含至少2g/L β‑葡聚糖的饮料的方法,其中所述β‑葡聚糖具有范围从80至200kDa的平均分子量。所述方法包括在α‑淀粉酶和内切‑1,3(4)‑β‑葡聚糖酶活性的存在下打浆大麦仔粒,所述大麦仔粒包含至少10%β‑葡聚糖并且在所述β‑葡聚糖中DP3/DP4比例为至少3。饮料具有提供良好口感的粘度,同时其包含能够帮助降低LDL胆固醇水平的β‑葡聚糖。饮料通常是稳定的,可以在室温下储存数月而不会显著降低β‑葡聚糖含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及健康饮品及其生产方法的领域。特别地,本发明涉及用于生产具有高水平的大麦β-葡聚糖的饮料和饮料主剂的方法。
背景技术
β-葡聚糖具有相当大范围的健康益处,包括促进心脏健康、健康的血糖水平和体重减轻。β-葡聚糖是在谷粒中发现的可溶性纤维,并且是葡萄糖单元的大的线性多糖,其通过(1→3)或(1→4)-β-键连接。在所有谷粒中,大麦是β-葡聚糖纤维最丰富的来源。
然而,含有高水平β-葡聚糖的液体通常非常粘稠,因此不太适合作为饮料。
发明内容
因此,对用于制备具有天然高β-葡聚糖含量的饮料的方法和材料存在未满足的需求。
本发明公开了通过使用具有高DP3与DP4比例的大麦粒,并用包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性以及任选地葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶活性的酶混合物处理这种大麦粒的提取物,然后可以制备具有提供良好口感的粘度、同时包含能够帮助降低LDL胆固醇水平的β-葡聚糖的稳定饮料。饮料优选是稳定的并且可以在室温下储存数月而不会显著降低β-葡聚糖含量。
因此,本发明提供了制备包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料的方法,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有范围从80至200kDa的平均分子量,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供大麦植物的籽粒,其中所述籽粒具有以下特征:
i.包含至少10%β-葡聚糖
ii.所述β-葡聚糖中DP3/DP4的比例为至少3;
b)在酶组合物的存在下用水打浆所述籽粒,其中所述组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性,从而获得水性提取物;
c)从大麦籽粒分离所述水性提取物,从而获得饮料或饮料主剂;
d)任选地将饮料主剂加工成饮料。
本发明还提供包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有范围从80至200kDa的平均分子量,并且其中所述饮料通过本发明的方法生产。
本发明还提供了根据本发明的饮料,其用于降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险,其中临床病症选自冠心病和糖尿病。
本发明还提供用于降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险的方法,其中临床病症选自冠心病、糖尿病和感染,所述方法包括将本发明的饮料以有效量施用给所述个体。
本发明还提供用于降低有此需要的个体的至少一种脂质的血液水平的方法,所述脂质选自甘油三酯、胆固醇和LDL,其中所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据本发明的饮料。
本发明还提供用于降低有此需要的个体肥胖的风险或减少有此需要的个体肥胖的方法,所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据本发明的饮料。
附图说明
图1:由Flex、和SC在18℃下降解β-葡聚糖(来自Megazyme的中等粘度大麦β-葡聚糖)的终产物。
图2:在65℃下由Flex苔聚糖酶的副活性(side activity)部分降解的由SC提取的lys5fβ-葡聚糖的1H-1H COSY光谱。
图3:β-葡聚糖的Langmuir吸附曲线;在pH 5下加入递增浓度(0、5、15、30、45mM)的甘氨胆酸盐后,lys5f TA(530kDa)和lys5f TAF(150kDa)。
图4:在大鼠中β-葡聚糖处理4周后甘油三酯相对于基线的变化(mmol/L)。平均值±SEM,每次处理n=12。
图5:在大鼠中β-葡聚糖处理4周后总胆固醇相对于基线的变化(mmol/L)。平均值±SEM,每次处理n=12。
图6:在大鼠中β-葡聚糖处理4周后LDL-胆固醇相对于基线的变化(mmol/L)。平均值±SEM,每次处理n=12。
图7:在大鼠中β-葡聚糖处理4周后HDL-胆固醇相对于基线的变化(mmol/L)。平均值±SEM,每次处理n=12。
图8:在大鼠中β-葡聚糖处理4周后,按照阑尾内容物(appendix content)(g)的总SCFA池(mmol/kg)的差异。平均值±SEM,每次处理n=12。
图9:在室温下在瓶子中储存6个月的β-葡聚糖含量(g/L)的稳定性。通过calcofluor测量的Glucagel TM和lys5f TAF悬浮液。平均值±SD,每月n=2。
图10:HvNST1和玉米BT1之间的比对。
图11显示了各种大麦品系的大麦籽粒中的DP3/DP4比例,以及使用SC和Flex的混合物(TAF)、或SC和(TA)或(T)的混合物的所述大麦籽粒的麦芽汁中的β-葡聚糖的Mw。
图12显示了用T、TA和TAF酶提取不同大麦后的β-葡聚糖麦芽汁粘度。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文所用,“一(a)”可以表示一或多,这取决于使用它的上下文。
如本文关于量所使用的,术语“约”是指+/-5%、优选+/-2%、甚至更优选+/-1%。
如本文所用的术语“啤酒”是指通过麦芽汁发酵制备的饮料。优选地,所述发酵通过酵母进行。
如本文所用的术语“混联β-葡聚糖”是指通过β-(1→3)或(1→4)糖苷键连接的D-葡萄糖单体的多糖。两种类型的糖苷键可以在一种多糖内存在。术语β-葡聚糖和beta-葡聚糖在本文中可互换使用。如本文所用的术语“β-葡聚糖”可以指任何β-葡聚糖,但优选术语“β-葡聚糖”是指“混联β-葡聚糖”。
如本文所用的术语“饮料主剂(beverage base)”是指液体,其可以加工成成品的即饮饮料。通常,可以通过加入一种或多种另外的化合物和/或另外的液体和/或通过发酵将饮料主剂加工成成品饮料。
术语“籽粒”定义为包含谷类颖果(也表示内部种子)、外稃和内稃。在大多数大麦品种中,外稃和内稃粘附于颖果,并且是脱粒后籽粒的一部分。然而,也会出现裸大麦品种。在这些中,颖果没有外稃和内稃,并且像在小麦中一样自由脱落。术语“籽粒”和“颗粒”在本文中可互换使用。
“打浆(Mashing)”是指大麦籽粒或麦芽在规定温度下在水中孵育。通常在用水孵育之前研磨大麦籽粒。
“水与大麦籽粒/研磨的大麦的比例”为1比X,意指1份水比X份大麦籽粒或研磨的大麦。比例也可以在1比XX至YY的范围内表示,意指1份水和在XX至YY范围内的份数的大麦籽粒或研磨的大麦。所有比例均以重量比重量比例给出。
术语“麦芽汁”是指通过打浆制备的大麦籽粒的液体提取物。其他辅料可以与大麦籽粒混合并打浆以便获得麦芽汁。也可以将辅料加入到麦芽汁中。辅料可以是任何含淀粉的材料,如除大麦、麦芽或糖浆之外的其他谷类。
制备饮料的方法
本发明涉及一种制备具有天然高β-葡聚糖含量的饮料的方法。所述饮料可以是下文“饮料”部分中描述的任何饮料。
该方法包括在酶组合物的存在下在水中打浆大麦植物的颗粒,所述酶组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性,和任选地还包含葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶活性。在本发明的一个实施方案中,大麦植物的所述籽粒优选在打浆之前未经过任何热处理。特别是,优选籽粒没有发芽。通常优选大麦植物的所述籽粒在打浆之前被研磨过。所述籽粒具有高水平的β-葡聚糖(优选至少10%),并且在所述β-葡聚糖中具有高比例的DP3/DP4(优选至少3)。大麦植物可以是下文“大麦植物”部分中描述的任何大麦植物。打浆包括在规定温度下用水孵育大麦籽粒,优选研磨的大麦籽粒。可以以下文“打浆”部分中描述的任何方式进行打浆。酶组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性和任选地还包含葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶活性。所述活性可以源自一种或多种酶。因此,如果一些酶具有多于一种的活性,则不需要酶组合物包含3种或4种不同的酶。然而,通常,酶组合物包含具有α-淀粉酶活性的酶、具有普鲁兰酶活性的酶和具有内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性的酶和具有葡糖淀粉酶活性的酶。所述酶组合物可以是本文下文“酶组合物”部分中描述的任何酶组合物。
打浆后,将水性提取物与大麦籽粒分离。所述水性提取物在本文中也可称为“麦芽汁”。水性提取物可以准备好作为根据本发明的饮料食用。然而,通常需要将水性提取物进一步加工成饮料。在这种情况下,水性提取物在本文中也可称为“饮料主剂”。饮料主剂可以通过下文“将饮料主剂加工成饮料”部分中描述的任何方法加工成饮料。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供制备下文“饮料”部分中描述的任何饮料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供大麦植物的籽粒,其可以是下文“大麦植物”部分中描述的任何大麦植物;
b)在酶组合物的存在下,以下文“打浆”部分中描述的任何方式打浆所述籽粒,所述酶组合物可以是下文“酶组合物”部分中描述的任何组合物,从而获得水性提取物;
c)将所述水性提取物与大麦籽粒分离,从而获得饮料或饮料主剂;
d)任选地以下文“将饮料主剂加工成饮料”部分中描述的任何方式将饮料主剂加工成饮料。
饮料
本发明涉及制备饮料的方法,所述饮料具有高含量β-葡聚糖,但同时具有足够低的粘度以使饮料具有良好口感。
已表明大麦β-葡聚糖可减低/降低血液胆固醇。根据欧洲食品安全组织EFSA,每天摄入3g大麦β-葡聚糖可以获得有益效果。通过摄入每个定量部分含有至少1gβ-葡聚糖的食品也可以获得有益效果。因此,优选本发明的饮料含有足够的β-葡聚糖,以使每天摄入至少3g。因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明的饮料每份含有0.5至2g、如0.5至1.5g、例如约1g、如1g的β-葡聚糖。然后,在本发明饮料的上下文中,一份通常为250或330ml。因此,本发明的饮料优选每250至330ml(例如每250ml和/或每330ml)含有上述水平的β-葡聚糖。
因此,通过本发明制备的饮料优选包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖。更优选地,饮料含有3g/Lβ-葡聚糖。还更优选地,饮料含有至少4g/Lβ-葡聚糖。本发明还包括饮料可以包含更多β-葡聚糖,如在4至20g/L的范围内,如在4至15g/L的范围内,如在4至10g/L的范围内。饮料也可以是含有非常高的β-葡聚糖量的饮料浓缩物,如大于8g/L,例如8至20g/L。这种浓缩物可以潜在地在摄入前被稀释。
可以以几种方式调节最终饮料中的β-葡聚糖水平。调节饮料中β-葡聚糖水平的一种方法是通过在打浆期间调节大麦籽粒与水的比例。可以用于本发明方法的大麦籽粒与水的可用比例公开于下文“打浆”部分。为了得到较低含量的β-葡聚糖,也可以用另外的液体稀释饮料主剂。
本发明公开了具有低分子量的β-葡聚糖具有有益的健康效果,即具有低分子量的β-葡聚糖能够降低血液胆固醇,特别是能够降低血液LDL水平。
此外,本发明显示含有低分子量β-葡聚糖的饮料也具有低粘度。
因此,优选通过本发明方法制备的饮料包含具有80至200kDa的平均低分子量的β-葡聚糖。例如,所述β-葡聚糖可以具有110至190、如120至180、例如130至170、如140至160的平均分子量。在一个实施方案中,通过本发明的方法制备的饮料包含具有约150的平均分子量的β-葡聚糖。
优选测定与β-葡聚糖标准品相比较的平均分子量。这种β-葡聚糖标准品是市售的,例如其可以从爱尔兰的Megazyme获得。分子量可以通过任何可用的方法测定,例如,通过使用β-葡聚糖标准品的常规尺寸排阻色谱法,例如使用来自美国的Shodex的asahipak。用于测定分子量的优选方法在下文实施例5a中概述。
包含在本发明饮料中的低分子量β-葡聚糖具有有益的健康效果,其范围与在类似条件下提取的中等大小β-葡聚糖(530kDa)相同。例如,所述β-葡聚糖优选能够结合胆汁盐,如甘氨胆酸盐。优选地,所述β-葡聚糖能够通过直接分子相互作用结合胆汁盐,如甘氨胆酸盐。与胆汁盐结合可以例如通过测定两个β-葡聚糖共振之间的信号变化(Δδ)来测定,其中变化表明β-葡聚糖与溶液中的胆汁盐之间的直接相互作用,如下文实施例6中所述。因此,当如实施例6所述测定时,在加入50mM甘氨胆酸盐时包含在饮料中的β-葡聚糖可以具有至少5ppb、如至少7ppb的Δδ13C增加。
如上所述,还优选饮料具有足够低的粘度,以使饮料具有良好的口感。因此,优选饮料具有最多55mPas、例如最多50mPas、如最多40mPas、例如最多35mPas的粘度。可以使用任何标准粘度计测定粘度。特别地,可以如实施例5a中所述测定粘度。
根据本发明的饮料优选是稳定的,即β-葡聚糖含量在储存时不显著降低。因此,优选在室温下储存6个月时本发明的饮料的β-葡聚糖含量降低不超过5%,例如降低不超过3%。所述饮料可以包含稳定剂以防止β-葡聚糖沉淀,例如,0.01至0.050%的稳定剂,例如,如下所述0.025%的结冷胶。
本发明的饮料可以是在酶组合物的存在下将大麦籽粒打浆后获得的水性提取物。该水性提取物在本文中也可称为麦芽汁。然而,饮料也可以是通过用微生物(例如,用酵母)发酵水性提取物而制备的啤酒样饮料。饮料也可以是水性提取物与一种或多种另外的液体的混合物。饮料也可以是加入一种或多种另外的化合物的水性提取物。
打浆
本发明的方法包括在酶组合物的存在下打浆大麦籽粒的步骤。
打浆是在规定温度下用水孵育大麦籽粒。因此,打浆可以被认为是制备大麦籽粒的水性提取物的方法。为了使水性提取尽可能高效,优选在打浆之前使大麦籽粒破碎。优选在打浆之前研磨大麦籽粒以制备大麦粉,以及使用所述大麦粉进行打浆。研磨的大麦籽粒在本文中可以称为“研磨的大麦”、“研磨的大麦籽粒”或“大麦粉”。
然后将大麦籽粒(例如研磨的大麦籽粒)用水孵育。因此,该方法的步骤b)可以包括将研磨的大麦籽粒与水混合。
可以选择大麦籽粒与水的比例,以便在水性提取物中达到期望的β-葡聚糖浓度。通常,大麦籽粒与水的比例越高,饮料中β-葡聚糖的水平越高。
由于优选饮料中β-葡聚糖的含量为至少2g/L,因此优选大麦籽粒与水的比例足够高以获得这种水平的β-葡聚糖。
因此,优选水与大麦籽粒的比例为1比至少10,例如1比至少12,如1比至少15。特别地,水与大麦籽粒的比例可以是1比10至20,如1比12至18。在本发明的一个实施方案中,水与大麦籽粒的比例为1比约15。所述比例优选为水与所述大麦籽粒干重的w/w比例。
在本发明的实施方案中,打浆包括将研磨的大麦用水孵育,然后优选水与研磨的大麦的比例为1比至少10,例如1比至少12,如1比至少15。特别地,水与研磨的大麦的比例可以是1比10至20,如1比12至18。在本发明的一个实施方案中,水与研磨的大麦的比例为1比约15。
优选在特定温度下进行用水孵育大麦籽粒(例如研磨的大麦)。温度可能很重要,因为其可以影响酶活性。
打浆可以在辅料的存在下进行,其被理解为包含除大麦籽粒以外的任何碳水化合物来源,如但不限于大麦、大麦糖浆、玉米、稻、高粱、黑麦、燕麦或小麦-作为全籽粒或加工产品如粗磨粉、糖浆或淀粉。所有上述辅料可以主要用作提取物的另外来源(糖浆通常在打浆后给药)。
打浆水可以包含一种或多种另外的化合物,例如,盐或pH调节剂。pH调节剂的非限制性实例包括缓冲液和酸,例如,磷酸盐缓冲液或磷酸。可用的盐的非限制性实例包括氯化钙。
通常,打浆包括在60至72℃的温度下、如60至70℃的温度下、例如62至68℃的温度下、例如64至66℃的温度下、如约65℃的温度下孵育,或者甚至由其组成。大麦籽粒(例如研磨的大麦)可以在任何特定阶段与水混合,但是一旦水已达到上述温度时,可以频繁地加入到水中。
在所述温度下孵育可以持续任何期望的时间长度,通常持续30至120分钟,优选30至60分钟,如约45分钟。
在孵育之前或期间,可以调节pH。例如,可以将pH调节至5至7的范围,如5至6,例如约5.48。
在根据本发明的方法中,打浆在包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性和任选地还包含葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶的酶组合物存在下进行,所述酶组合物可以是下文“酶组合物”部分中描述的任何酶组合物。可以在打浆之前或期间加入所述酶组合物。通常,一旦麦芽浆或用于打浆的水已经调节到上述温度水平,就加入该酶组合物。根据本发明制备的饮料含有特定分子量的β-葡聚糖。用根据本发明的酶组合物打浆可以影响分子量。因此,优选在酶组合物存在下的打浆在一定温度下进行并持续一段时间,这导致β-葡聚糖的平均分子量在80至200kDa的范围内。这可以通过在打浆过程中的特定时间和在不同温度条件下对水性提取物进行取样,然后测量其中β-葡聚糖的平均分子量来确保。以这种方式,技术人员将能够选择足够的打浆时间和打浆温度。在一个实施方案中,如上所述选择时间和温度。
在打浆步骤结束时,经常需要将水/大麦籽粒/酶组合物混合物加热至至少75℃。这可能具有几种作用,包括使酶组合物失活。所述加热优选在至少75℃、优选至少85℃、更优选至少90℃、如85至100℃,例如90至100℃的温度下进行。加热可以进行任何合适的时间量,例如,进行15至120分钟,如15至60分钟,例如约30分钟。
因此,在一个实施方案中,打浆可以由如上所述在60至72℃的温度下孵育,然后如上所述在至少85℃(例如至少90℃)的温度下孵育组成。
打浆后,将水性提取物与大麦籽粒(例如与研磨的大麦)分离,以获得饮料或饮料主剂,其可以进一步加工成饮料。
可以通过任何可用的方法进行所述分离,例如通过使用啤酒厂中常规使用的任何用于从废麦槽中分离麦芽汁的方法。用于从大麦籽粒(例如从研磨的大麦)中分离水性提取物的方法的非限制性实例包括离心、倾析、过滤或使用过滤槽(lautertun)。
大麦植物
本发明提供了由大麦植物的籽粒制备高β-葡聚糖饮料的方法。为了得到含有足够高水平的β-葡聚糖、同时是稳定的并且具有低粘度的饮料,优选使用具有高水平β-葡聚糖并且具有特征在于高的DP3/DP4比例的β-葡聚糖的大麦植物。
大麦植物可以是物种大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的任何植物,包括任何培育品系或栽培种或品种。
因此,用于本发明方法的大麦植物可以具有以下特征:
i.包含至少10%的β-葡聚糖;
ii.所述β-葡聚糖中的DP3/DP4比例为至少3。
对于啤酒酿造,通常优选使用具有低水平β-葡聚糖的大麦植物,因此典型的制麦芽的大麦品种具有低水平的β-葡聚糖。β-葡聚糖赋予麦芽汁粘度,这通常是不太期望的。然而,用于本发明的大麦植物优选具有高水平的β-葡聚糖。
因此,用于本发明方法的大麦植物优选具有包含至少10%β-葡聚糖、更优选至少11%β-葡聚糖、甚至更优选至少12%β-葡聚糖、如至少13%β-葡聚糖、例如至少14%β-葡聚糖、如至少15%β-葡聚糖的籽粒。所述百分比以每重量籽粒中干物质的%提供。
为了测定大麦植物的籽粒中β-葡聚糖的%,那么测定籽粒中β-葡聚糖的重量,并测定籽粒中干物质的总重量。然后可以计算%β-葡聚糖。可以通过提取β-葡聚糖,例如通过如上文“打浆”部分中所述的打浆,并测定水性提取物中的β-葡聚糖含量来测定β-葡聚糖的含量。β-葡聚糖的量可以使用例如calcofluor方法测定。calcofluor方法是荧光方法,可以根据Brewing EBC标准,1994进行。calcofluor染料具有与溶液中存在的β-葡聚糖结合的能力,并且与结合的β-葡聚糖的含量成正比地增加其荧光。
用于测定大麦植物的籽粒中β-葡聚糖的%的可用方法概述于下文实施例5a中。
除了具有高含量的β-葡聚糖之外,所述大麦植物含有具有高的DP3/DP4比例的β-葡聚糖也是重要的。DP3/DP4比例描述了β-葡聚糖寡聚物嵌段结构。因此,大麦β-葡聚糖含有纤维三糖嵌段和纤维四糖嵌段,DP3/DP4比例描述了纤维三糖嵌段和纤维四糖嵌段之间的比例。纤维三糖是三糖,其中三个葡萄糖单元由1,4-β键连接。纤维四糖是四糖,其中四个葡萄糖残基由1,4-β键连接。可以通过用苔聚糖酶消化β-葡聚糖并测定释放的DP3和DP4嵌段的量来确定该比例。苔聚糖酶是催化(1→3)-β-糖苷键水解的酶,(1→3)-β-糖苷键的位置紧挨着(1→4)-β-糖苷键。实施例5a中描述了一种测定DP3/DP4比例的可用方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及在包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性和任选地还包含葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶活性的酶组合物的存在下打浆大麦籽粒。酶既有助于β-葡聚糖的适当提取,也有助于获得具有80至200kDa范围内的平均低分子量的β-葡聚糖。然而,如果β-葡聚糖具有低的DP3/DP4比例,那么这通常会导致酶组合物或多或少地完全消化β-葡聚糖,因此难以制备根据本发明的具有天然高β-葡聚糖含量的饮料。
因此,优选用于本发明的大麦植物中含有的β-葡聚糖具有高的DP3/DP4比例。特别地,优选使用的大麦植物的籽粒含有的β-葡聚糖具有至少3、如至少3.2的DP3/DP4比例。在一个优选的实施方案中,使用的大麦植物的籽粒含有的β-葡聚糖具有至少3.4、例如至少3.6、如至少3.7的DP3/DP4比例。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变。此类突变导致大麦植物包含至少10%的β-葡聚糖并且所述β-葡聚糖中具有至少3、如至少3.4的DP3/DP4比例。
特别地,优选所述突变导致降低的NST1功能,更优选地,所述突变导致NST1功能的完全丧失。野生型大麦NST1的序列在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:1。大麦NST1是ADP-Glc转运蛋白,本文所用的术语“NST1功能完全丧失”是指下列情况之一:
1)大麦植物不含NST1蛋白,
2)大麦植物含有突变体NST1,其中所述突变体NST1不能转运ADP-葡萄糖。
因此,在本发明的一个实施方案中,大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,导致NST1蛋白的表达降低。因此,大麦植物可以在HvNst1基因中携带突变,所述突变导致NST1蛋白的表达水平与野生型大麦植物(如cv Q uench)中NST1蛋白的表达相比降低至少80%。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中所述突变体HvNst1基因编码功能丧失的突变体NST1蛋白。特别地,与SEQ ID NO:1相比,所述突变体NST1具有至少一个氨基酸的取代,如与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少一个保守氨基酸的取代。特别地,突变体NST1具有图10中由黑框标记的氨基酸中的至少一个取代为另一氨基酸的取代。
本发明还包括大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中所述突变体HvNst1基因编码与SEQ ID NO:1相比缺少至少一个氨基酸(如与SEQ ID NO:1相比缺少至少一个保守氨基酸)的突变体NST1蛋白。特别地,突变体NST1缺少图10中由黑框标记的氨基酸中的一个或多个。因此,所述突变体NST1可以缺少图10中由黑框标记的氨基酸中的至少10个,如至少20个,例如至少30个,如至少50个。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中所述突变体HvNst1基因编码突变体NST1蛋白,其中SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸228已缺失或取代为另一氨基酸。特别地,大麦植物可以在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中突变体HvNst1基因编码SEQ IDNO:1的NST1,其中228位的Pro残基被取代为Ser残基。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中所述突变体HvNst1基因编码突变体NST1蛋白,其中SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸氨基酸273已缺失或取代为另一氨基酸。特别地,大麦植物可以在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中突变体HvNst1基因编码SEQ ID NO:1的NST1,其中273位的Val残基被取代为Glu。
在HvNst1基因中携带突变的大麦植物的一个非限制性实例是称为lys5f的大麦植物,可在北欧遗传资源中心(Nordic Genetic Resource Center)以登记号NGB20030获得,其中突变体HvNst1基因编码SEQ ID NO:1的NST1,其中273位的Val残基被取代为Glu。
酶组合物
本发明提供了通过在酶组合物的存在下打浆大麦籽粒(例如研磨的大麦)由大麦植物的籽粒制备高β-葡聚糖饮料的方法。所述酶组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性和任选的葡糖淀粉酶和/或普鲁兰酶活性。一种酶可具有这些活性中的一种或多种,但通常酶组合物包含一种具有α-淀粉酶活性的酶和一种具有内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性的酶,以及任选地,一种具有葡糖淀粉酶活性的酶和/或一种具有普鲁兰酶活性的酶。
在一个实施方案中,酶组合物包含α-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性。
在一个实施方案中,酶组合物包含α-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶、普鲁兰酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性。
具有α-淀粉酶活性的酶可以是α-淀粉酶。根据本发明的α-淀粉酶是能够催化含有三个或更多个(1→4)-α-连接的D-葡萄糖单元的多糖中的(1→4)-α-D-糖苷键内切水解的酶。特别地,根据本发明的α-淀粉酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.1的α-淀粉酶。
用于本发明方法的具体α-淀粉酶可以是芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶。众所周知的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶包括源自地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)或嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus)的α-淀粉酶。在本发明的一个方面,预期的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶是如WO 99/19467第3页第18行至第6页第27行所限定的α-淀粉酶。
用于本发明的α-淀粉酶的另一个实例是在WO 99/19467中公开为SEQ ID NO:3的酶或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。α-淀粉酶也可以是与WO 99/19467中公开为SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性并具有突变:1181*+G182*+N193F的α-淀粉酶。还考虑了可从丹麦的Novozymes A/S获得的α-淀粉酶SC。用于本发明方法的另一具体α-淀粉酶可以是任何真菌α-淀粉酶,例如源自曲霉属(Aspergillus)内菌种、优选源自黑曲霉菌(Aspergillus niger)菌株的α-淀粉酶。特别考虑的是WO 2002/038787中SEQID NO:1所示的α-淀粉酶或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。在一个优选的实施方案中,α-淀粉酶是SEQ ID NO:3的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
待加入的α-淀粉酶的量取决于各种参数,并且通常为本领域技术人员已知的。在一个方面,麦芽浆中的α-淀粉酶活性为0.1-1.0KNU/g、更优选0.2-0.4KNU/g、最优选0.25-0.35KNU/g干重大麦。另一方面,麦芽浆中的α-淀粉酶活性为至少0.1KNU/g、如至少0.2-0.4KNU/g、例如至少0.25KNU/g干重大麦。另一方面,麦芽浆中的α-淀粉酶活性在0.1至10KNU/g的范围内,如在0.1至5KNU/g的范围内,例如在至少0.2至5KNU/g干重大麦的范围内。一千个Novozymes α-淀粉酶单位(KNU)等于1000NU。一个KNU定义为在标准条件下(即在37℃+/-0.05;0.0003M Ca2+;和pH5.6)糊精化5.26g淀粉干物质Merck可溶性淀粉(MerckAmylum solubile)的酶的量。
α-淀粉酶的功能同源物是一种酶,其可以催化含有三个或更多个(1→4)-α-连接的D-葡萄糖单元的多糖中(1→4)-α-D-糖苷键的内切水解。
具有葡糖淀粉酶活性的酶可以是任何葡糖淀粉酶,但通常其是具有葡聚糖1,4-α-葡糖苷酶活性的酶。特别地,葡糖淀粉酶可以是催化末端(1→4)-连接的α-D-葡萄糖残基相继从链的非还原末端水解并释放β-D-葡萄糖的酶。特别地,根据本发明的葡糖淀粉酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.3的α-淀粉酶。
葡糖淀粉酶的一个实例是Uniprot:B0CVJ1,其公开了来自Laccaria bicolor的多肽。其他实例是WO2006/069289中描述的来自瓣环栓菌(Trametes cingulata)的葡糖淀粉酶。
葡糖淀粉酶也可以是来自真菌粘褶菌属(Gloeophyllum)的葡糖淀粉酶,例如,来自冷杉粘褶菌(G.abietinum)、篱边粘褶菌(G.sepiarium)或密粘褶菌(G.trabeum)的葡糖淀粉酶。这种葡糖淀粉酶可以是例如包含与WO2011068803的SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:16或SEQ ID NO:18的成熟多肽具有优选至少82%、更优选至少83%、更优选至少84%、更优选至少85%、更优选至少86%、更优选至少87%、更优选至少88%、更优选至少89%、更优选至少90%、更优选至少91%、更优选至少92%、甚至更优选至少93%、最优选至少94%、甚至最优选至少95%、如至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%或甚至100%同一性的氨基酸序列的多肽。
葡糖淀粉酶也可以是来自草酸青霉菌(Penicillium oxalicum)的葡糖淀粉酶,例如,Yoshiki YAMASAKI,Agric.Biol.Chem.,41(5),755-762,1977)公开的那些葡萄糖淀粉酶。葡糖淀粉酶还可以是包含与WO2011127802的SEQ ID NO:2的成熟多肽具有优选至少61.5%、更优选至少63%、更优选至少65%、更优选至少68%、更优选至少70%、更优选至少75%、更优选至少80%、更优选至少85%、更优选至少90%、更优选至少91%、更优选至少92%、甚至更优选至少93%、最优选至少94%、甚至最优选至少95%、如至少96%、97%、98%、99%或100%同一性的氨基酸序列的多肽。
具有普鲁兰酶活性的酶可以是任何普鲁兰酶。普鲁兰酶优选是能够催化普鲁兰多糖(pullulan)、支链淀粉(amylopectin)和糖原中的α-(1→6)-D-糖苷键水解的酶。普鲁兰多糖是1→6连接的麦芽三糖单元的线性聚合物。根据本发明的普鲁兰酶优选是分类为EC3.2.1.41的普鲁兰酶。
根据本发明的普鲁兰酶可以是例如来自火球菌属(Pyrococcus)或芽孢杆菌属(如嗜酸普鲁兰芽孢杆菌(Bacillus acidopullulyticus))的普鲁兰酶,例如Kelly等人,1994,FEMS Microbial.Letters 115:97-106中描述的,或可以是可从Novozymes A/S作为Promozyme 400L获得的普鲁兰酶。普鲁兰酶也可以来自Bacillus naganoencis或Bacillusderamificans,例如,如来自Bacillus deramificans(美国专利5,736,375)。普鲁兰酶也可以是来自例如芽孢杆菌菌株的工程化的普鲁兰酶。普鲁兰酶也可以是从丹麦Novozymes A/S作为Flex获得的普鲁兰酶。其他普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK91/00219中描述的乌兹炽热球菌(Pyrococcus woesei),或者普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK92/00079中描述的闪烁杆菌属(Fervidobacterium sp.Ven),或普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK95/00097中描述的速生嗜热球菌(Thermococcus celer),或普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK95/00211中描述的Pyrodictium abyssei,或普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK95/00095中描述的FetVidobacteriumpennavorans,或普鲁兰酶可以源自PCT/DK95/00098中描述的粘膜脱乳球菌(Desulforococcus mucosus)。
最优选地,普鲁兰酶源自嗜酸普鲁兰芽孢杆菌(Bacillus acidopulluticticus)。用于本发明方法的优选普鲁兰酶是SEQ ID NO:4的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
普鲁兰酶可以以本领域技术人员公知的有效量加入。在一个方面,普鲁兰酶的加入剂量为0.1至3PUN/g大麦干物质,如0.2至2.9、如0.3至2.8、如0.3至2.7、如0.3至2.6、如0.3至2.5、如0.3至2.4、如0.3至2.3、如0.3至2.2、如0.3至2.1、如0.3至2.0、如0.3至1.9、如0.3至1.8、如0.3至1.7、如0.3至1.6,最优选普鲁兰酶的加入剂量为如0.3至1.5、优选0.4至1.4、更优选0.5至1.3、更优选0.6至1.2、更优选0.7至1.1、更优选0.8至1.0、更优选0.9至1.0。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,酶以约0.3PUN/g大麦干物质加入,如约0.4PUN/g大麦干物质,如约0.5PUN/g大麦干物质。
一个普鲁兰酶单位(PUN)是在标准条件下(即在40℃和pH 5.0下30分钟的反应时间后;和采用0.2%普鲁兰多糖作为底物)水解普鲁兰多糖、释放还原碳水化合物、其中还原能力等于每分钟1微摩尔葡萄糖的酶量。通过检测增加的还原糖能力来测量普鲁兰酶活性。
SEQ ID NO:4的多肽的功能同源物是酶,其可以催化普鲁兰多糖、支链淀粉和糖原中α-(1→6)-D-糖苷键的水解。
具有内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性的酶可以是任何内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶。内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶优选是当葡萄糖残基(其还原基团参与待水解的键)本身在C-3被取代时,能够催化β-葡聚糖中(1->3)-或(1->4)-键的内切水解的酶。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,根据本发明的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是酶内切-1,3-1,4-β-D-葡聚糖酶。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是苔聚糖酶,优选分类为EC 3.2.1.73的苔聚糖酶。
内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以源自任何合适的生物,例如内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是来自枯草芽孢杆菌(bacillus subtilis)的苔聚糖酶。例如,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是SEQ ID NO:5的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
在另一个实施方案中,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是由多粘芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)的GluB基因编码的苔聚糖酶或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。由多粘芽孢杆菌的GluB基因编码的苔聚糖酶的序列示于Gosalbes等人,JOURNAL OFBACTERIOLOGY,Dec.1991,Vol.173,No.23,p.7705-7710的图2中。
在另一个实施方案中,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是美国专利6,103,511中描述的任何苔聚糖酶,特别是内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是US6,103,511中的SEQ ID NO:2所示的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
在一个实施方案中,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以是分类为E.C.3.2.1.4的β-葡聚糖酶。β-葡聚糖酶可以是微生物来源的,如可以源自细菌(例如芽孢杆菌属)菌株或源自丝状真菌(例如曲霉属、木霉属(Trichoderma)、腐质霉属(Humicola)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium))。优选的是源自木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)、里氏木霉(T.reesei)或绿色木霉(T.viride)的β-葡聚糖酶。内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以特别是WO2006/066582中SEQ IDNO:6、SEQ ID NO:7或SEQ ID NO:8所示任何序列的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
可以使用的可商购获得的β-葡聚糖酶制剂包括 和(可获自Novozymes A/S)、GC 880、LAMINEXTM和CP(可获自Genencor Int.)和7069W(可获自德国)。
在一个实施方案中,内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是源自腐质霉属(Humicola sp.)的内切葡聚糖酶,如源自特异腐质霉(Humicola insolens)的内切葡聚糖酶、源自特异腐质霉(H.insolens)的内切葡聚糖酶;或源自热子囊菌属(Thermoascus sp.)的内切葡聚糖酶,如源自橙色热子囊菌(Thermoascus aurantiacus)的内切葡聚糖酶;或源自曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)的内切葡聚糖酶,如源自棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)的内切葡聚糖酶;或源自木霉属(Trichoderma sp.),优选源自里氏木霉(T.reesei)和/或绿色木霉(T.viride)的内切葡聚糖酶,如第5家族内切葡聚糖酶,第7家族,β-葡聚糖酶或第12家族(fam 12),β-葡聚糖酶。内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶可以特别是如WO2005/059084中的SEQ IDNO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO18、SEQ ID NO:19或SEQ IDNO:20所示的任何序列的多肽或与其共有至少70%、如至少75%、例如至少80%、如至少85%、例如至少90%、如至少95%、如至少98%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶的功能同源物(例如SEQ ID NO:5的多肽)是酶,当葡萄糖残基(其还原基团参与待水解的键)本身在C-3被取代时,其能够催化β-葡聚糖中(1->3)-或(1->4)-键的内切水解。
待加入的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶的量可以取决于各种参数。通常,加入一定量的β-葡聚糖酶,这导致β-葡聚糖在打浆后具有80至200kDa范围内的平均Mw。通常优选仅施用相对少量的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶。因此,在一个实施方案中,麦芽浆中的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性为最多0.5EGU/g、最优选最多0.3EGU/g干重大麦,甚至更优选为最多0.1EGU/g,例如最多0.05EGU/g,如最多0.03EGU/g。另一方面,麦芽浆中的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性在0.0005至0.5EGU/g的范围内,优选在0.005至0.3EGU/g的范围内,如在0.001至0.1EGU/g的范围内,例如在至少0.001至0.05EGU/g干重大麦的范围内。内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性可以以内切葡聚糖酶单位(EGU)测量,在pH 6.0下用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为底物如下所述测定。制备底物溶液,其在0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.0)中含有34.0g/l CMC(Hercules 7LFD)。将待分析的酶样品溶解在相同的缓冲液中。将5ml底物溶液和0.15ml酶溶液混合并转移至振动粘度计(例如来自法国Sofraser的MIVI 3000),在40℃恒温30分钟。一个EGU定义为在这些条件下将粘度降低至一半的酶的量。
如本文所用,术语“麦芽浆中的X”是指在本文所述方法的打浆期间(例如在步骤b期间)存在的X的量。麦芽浆中的酶活性可以表示为打浆期间存在的每g干大麦的单位。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,酶组合物包含可从丹麦Novozymes获得的Flex。特别地,酶组合物可以包含SC和Flex(这两者均可从丹麦的Novozymes获得)的混合物,或甚至可以由SC和Flex的混合物组成。
将饮料主剂加工成饮料
本发明涉及制备饮料的方法,所述方法包括在酶组合物的存在下将大麦籽粒打浆并将水性提取物与大麦籽粒(例如研磨的大麦)分离。
所述水性提取物可以构成饮料。然而,通常,水性提取物是饮料主剂,其在实现最终饮料之前被进一步加工。
饮料主剂通常经受加热至至少75℃的温度的步骤。这可能具有一些效果,包括对饮料进行巴氏杀菌。所述加热优选在至少75℃、优选至少85℃、更优选至少90℃、如85至100℃、例如90至100℃的温度下进行。加热可以进行任何合适的时间量,例如,进行15至120分钟,例如15至60分钟,例如进行约30分钟。因此,根据本发明的饮料可以是巴氏杀菌饮料。
饮料主剂也可以经受超高温加工(UHT),其通过预热至70-80℃之间、然后加热至90℃以上持续短时间,例如,持续1至5秒,如1至2秒或4至5秒。
饮料主剂也可以经过均质化处理,例如,在100-200bar处理。
通常,步骤d)包括将一种或多种另外的化合物和/或一种或多种另外的液体加入到步骤c)中获得的饮料主剂中以产生饮料。在这种情况下,可以在加入所述另外的化合物和/或另外的液体之前或之后进行上述热处理或UHT。
本发明的方法可以包括加入一种或多种另外的化合物的步骤。另外的化合物可以是例如风味化合物、防腐剂或功能成分。另外的化合物也可以是颜料、甜味剂、pH调节剂或盐。甜味剂可以是例如人造甜味剂、低热量甜味剂或糖。pH调节剂可以是例如缓冲剂或酸,如乳酸或柠檬酸。
功能性成分可以是为获得给定功能而加入的任何成分。优选地,功能性成分使饮料更健康。功能性成分的非限制性实例包括可溶性纤维、蛋白质、添加的维生素或矿物质。
防腐剂可以是任何食品级防腐剂,例如其可以是苯甲酸、山梨酸、山梨酸盐(例如山梨酸钾)、亚硫酸盐和/或其盐。
另外的化合物也可以是CO2。特别地,可以加入CO2以获得碳酸饮料。
用于本发明的风味化合物可以是任何可用的风味化合物。风味化合物可以例如选自芳香剂、植物提取物、植物浓缩物、植物部位和草本浸剂(herbal infusion)。
因此,风味化合物可以是例如芳香剂。芳香剂通常是有机化合物,例如它们可以是植物次生代谢物。芳香剂可以是任何芳香剂,例如水果芳香剂或香草芳香剂。
植物提取物可以是例如草本提取物。草本提取物的非限制性实例包括绿茶、红茶、南非博士茶(rooibos)、薄荷或啤酒花的提取物。植物提取物也可以是花提取物。花提取物的非限制性实例包括木槿、甘菊、接骨木花、薰衣草或菩提花。
植物提取物也可以是水果提取物。植物部位可以是例如干燥的或新鲜的草本,如啤酒花颗粒、鲜花或水果的干燥物。
植物浓缩物可以是水果浓缩物,例如果汁,其通过除去水而被浓缩。
可用于水果芳香剂、水果提取物或水果浓缩物的水果的非限制性实例包括橙子、苹果、香蕉、柠檬、百香果、芒果、菠萝、梨、金橘或柚子。
风味化合物也可以是奎宁,例如在饮料是滋补样饮料的实施方案中。
至少一种另外的化合物也可以是稳定剂。所述稳定剂可以是例如能够稳定可溶性β-葡聚糖的任何成分,例如,能够稳定弹性胶凝基质中的可溶性β-葡聚糖的任何成分。所述稳定剂可以是例如结冷胶,如可从丹麦的CP Kelco获得的LT-100。所述稳定剂可以以任何合适的量加入到饮料中,如使最终浓度在0.001至0.1%(w/w)的范围内,例如使最终浓度在0.01至0.05%(w/w)的范围内。
另外的液体可以是水。另外的液体也可以是另一种饮料,例如果汁、糖浆、碳酸软饮料或啤酒。特别地,另外的液体可以是果汁。
步骤d)还可以包括用一种或多种微生物发酵饮料主剂。特别地,可以用酵母发酵饮料主剂以生产酒精饮料。所述酵母可以是任何酵母,例如酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)或巴氏酵母(S.pastorianus)。所述微生物也可以是细菌,例如乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),如乳酸乳杆菌(L.lactis)。例如,饮料主剂可以以与在啤酒生产期间发酵常规麦芽汁相似的方式发酵。因此,可以采用任何生产啤酒的常规方法,其中将常规麦芽汁换成通过本发明方法制备的饮料主剂。
临床病症
有趣的是,已经证明根据本发明方法制备的β-葡聚糖可用于降低LDL和总胆固醇。因此,本发明生产的饮料可用于降低与LDL和胆固醇水平升高相关的几种临床病症的风险。
因此,一方面,本发明涉及含有至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量,其中所述饮料用于降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险,其中临床病症选自冠心病和糖尿病。
本发明还提供降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险的方法,其中临床病症选自冠心病、糖尿病和感染,所述方法包括以有效量向所述个体施用含有至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量。
优选所述个体摄入本发明的饮料,其足以允许每天摄入至少2gβ-葡聚糖,如至少3gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至50gβ-葡聚糖,如3至20gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至10gβ-葡聚糖。还可以优选个体的摄入量为每份0.5至2g、如0.5至1.5g、例如约1g、如1gβ-葡聚糖。然后,在本发明饮料的上下文中,一份通常在250至330ml的范围内,例如约250ml和/或约330ml。
因此,所述有效量可以是每天至少2gβ-葡聚糖,如至少3gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至50gβ-葡聚糖,如3至20gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至10gβ-葡聚糖。
本发明进一步提供降低有此需要的个体的选自甘油三酯、胆固醇和LDL的至少一种脂质的血液水平的方法,其中所述方法包括由所述个体摄入本发明的饮料,其含有至少2gβ-葡聚糖,如至少3gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至50gβ-葡聚糖,如3至20gβ-葡聚糖,例如3至10gβ-葡萄糖,所述β-葡萄糖为根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的β-葡萄糖。
本发明的另一个目的是提供降低有此需要的个体肥胖风险的方法。该方法包括由所述个体以有效量摄入含有至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的本发明饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量。有效量优选为上述有效量。
本发明的另一个目的是提供减少有此需要的个体肥胖的方法。该方法包括所述个体以有效量摄入含有至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的本发明饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量。有效量优选为上述有效量。
所述个体优选是人。在本发明的一些实施方案中,个体是肥胖的人。
序列表
项目
本发明还可以由以下项目定义:
1.一种制备包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料的方法,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供大麦植物的籽粒,其中所述籽粒具有以下特征:
i.包含至少10%β-葡聚糖
Ii.所述β-葡聚糖中DP3/DP4的比例为至少3
b)在酶组合物的存在下用水打浆所述籽粒,其中所述组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性,从而获得水性提取物
c)从大麦籽粒分离所述水性提取物,从而获得饮料或饮料主剂
d)任选地将饮料主剂加工成饮料。
2.根据项目1所述的方法,其中酶组合物还包含葡糖淀粉酶活性。
3.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中酶组合物还包含普鲁兰酶活性。
4.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中饮料包含至少3g/L、例如至少4g/Lβ-葡聚糖。
5.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述籽粒包含至少11%、如至少12%β-葡聚糖。
6.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述β-葡聚糖中DP3/DP4的比例为至少3.2,如至少3.4,例如至少3.6,例如至少3.7。
7.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变。
8.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,导致NST1完全丧失功能。
9.根据项目7至8中任一项所述的方法,其中突变导致突变的HvNst1基因编码突变的NST1,该突变的NST1与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少一个氨基酸的取代,其中该氨基酸例如选自SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸228和氨基酸273。
10.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中突变体HvNst1基因编码SEQ ID NO:1的NST1,其中228位的Pro残基已被取代为Ser残基。
11.根据项目1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,其中突变体HvNst1基因编码SEQ ID NO:1的NST1,其中273位的Val残基已被取代为Glu。
12.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变,导致NST1蛋白的表达水平与野生型大麦植物中(如cv Quench中)NST1蛋白的表达相比降低至少80%。
13.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)包括将研磨的大麦籽粒与水混合。
14.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)包括将研磨的大麦籽粒与水混合,其中水与研磨的大麦的比例为1比10至20。
15.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)的打浆包括在60至72℃的温度下孵育。
16.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)的打浆包括在60至72℃的温度下孵育30至60分钟。
17.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述α-淀粉酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.1的酶。
18.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述α-淀粉酶是SEQ ID NO:3的多肽或与其共有至少70%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
19.根据项目2-18中任一项所述的方法,其中葡糖淀粉酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.3的酶。
20.根据项目3-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述普鲁兰酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.41的酶。
21.根据项目3至20中任一项所述的方法,其中所述普鲁兰酶是SEQ ID NO:4的多肽或与其共有至少70%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
22.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是苔聚糖酶。
23.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是分类为EC 3.2.1.73的酶。
24.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是SEQID NO:5的多肽或与其共有至少70%序列同一性的其功能同源物。
25.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶是分类为E.C.3.2.1.4的酶。
26.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中在打浆期间存在的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性为最多0.5EGU/g大麦(干重),优选最多0.1EGU/g大麦(干重)。
27.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中在打浆期间存在的内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性为最多0.05EGU/g大麦(干重)。
28.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括使酶组合物失活的步骤,例如通过在高于75℃的温度下孵育。
29.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤c)中获得的水性提取物构成饮料。
30.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括将饮料主剂加热至至少75℃的温度。
31.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括将一种或多种另外的化合物和/或一种或多种另外的液体加入到步骤c)中获得的饮料主剂中以生产饮料。
32.根据项目31所述的方法,其中至少一种另外的化合物选自风味化合物、防腐剂和功能性成分。
33.根据项目31至32中任一项所述的方法,其中至少一种另外的液体选自果汁、水和啤酒。
34.根据项目31至33中任一项所述的方法,其中至少一种另外的化合物是稳定剂。
35.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括用一种或多种微生物发酵饮料主剂。
36.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括用酵母发酵饮料主剂以生产酒精饮料。
37.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中饮料具有最多55mPas的粘度。
38.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中饮料具有最多50mPas、如最多40mPas、例如最多35mPas的粘度。
39.根据前述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中饮料具有最多35mPas的粘度。
40.一种包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量,并且其中所述饮料通过根据前述项目中任一项的方法生产。
41.根据项目40所述的饮料,其中所述饮料包含至少3g/L、如至少4g/Lβ-葡聚糖。
42.根据项目40至41中任一项所述的饮料,其中所述饮料具有最多50mPas、如最多40mPas、例如最多35mPas的粘度。
43.根据项目40至42中任一项所述的饮料,其中所述饮料用于降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险,其中所述临床病症选自冠心病和糖尿病。
44.一种降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险的方法,其中所述临床病症选自冠心病、糖尿病和感染,所述方法包括向所述个体施用有效量的根据项目40至42中任一项的饮料。
45.一种降低有此需要的个体的选自甘油三酯、胆固醇和LDL的至少一种脂质的血液水平的方法,其中所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据项目40至42中任一项的饮料。
46.一种降低有此需要的个体肥胖的风险或减少有此需要的个体肥胖的方法,所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据项目40至42中任一项的饮料。
47.根据项目434至46中任一项所述的方法,其中所述个体是人。
48.根据项目44至47中任一项所述的方法,其中所述个体每天施用包含至少3gβ-葡聚糖的饮料。
实施例
通过以下实施例进一步说明本发明,这些实施例不应解释为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
生产高β-葡聚糖麦芽汁
在带有8个烧杯的Lochner电子打浆装置上进行高β-葡聚糖麦芽汁的生产。高β-葡聚糖麦芽汁含有>8g/l。在本实施例中,使用了品种lys5f的大麦。Lys5f可在北欧遗传资源中心获得,其登记号为NGB20030。将大麦粒在EBC研磨机上研磨(调节至0.5mm)。水:粉的比例为1:15/重量,相当于27g(干重)大麦粉用400ml标准酿造水在65℃下在500ml金属烧杯中调浆(mashed-in)。在将研磨的大麦与水刚刚混合后,加入两种商业酶制剂(0.2%浓度/湿重-相当于每种酶制剂400μl),其一起含有α-淀粉酶、α-1,4葡糖苷酶、普鲁兰酶和β-葡聚糖酶活性,以促进淀粉糊精化和β-葡聚糖提取。使用两种不同的酶混合物,SC和Flex的混合物(TAF),或者SC和的混合物(TA)。所有酶均购自丹麦的Novozymes。SC包含120KNU/gα-淀粉酶活性,因此每27g大麦使用约48KNUα-淀粉酶(相当于1.8KNU/g大麦-干重)。在此阶段,通过加入磷酸将pH调节至5.5。在65℃下45分钟后,在25分钟的期间内将温度逐渐升至90℃,最后在90℃下保持30分钟。将麦芽浆以3500rpm(RC5C)离心10分钟以除去不溶的废麦槽物质。将总量340ml的麦芽汁倒入蓝色盖的瓶中,并在90℃下煮沸30分钟。通过calcofluor(Brewing EBC标准,1994)(β-葡聚糖Carlsberg系统5700分析仪,Tecator,瑞典)测量lys5f TAF麦芽汁的β-葡聚糖定量为8.4g/L。煮沸后,将商业结冷胶稳定成分(LT-100,CP Kelco,Lille Skensved,丹麦)加入到麦芽汁中,以使可溶性β-葡聚糖稳定在柔软且有弹性的胶凝基质中。加入的稳定剂的最终浓度为0.025%。将高β-葡聚糖麦芽汁保持在5℃直至进一步去酿(debrewing)和调味步骤。
实施例2
生产β-葡聚糖麦芽汁
基本上如实施例1中所述进行,除了在离心(475L/h,背压3bar)后应用倾析器(进料流量700L/h)以分离不溶的大麦物质在中试规模(500L规模)下生产麦芽汁。麦芽汁产率为初始水输入的85%,通过calcofluor测量β-葡聚糖为4g/L。将麦芽汁装入食品级容器中,加入山梨酸钾(25mg/L),用柠檬酸/乳酸溶液将pH进一步调节至4.0,并保持在5℃直至稳定和调味过程。在环境温度下使用高剪切实验室混合器之后低速5分钟将由5%糖、0.3%风味剂、0.1%颜料和0.025%结冷胶组成的成分分散在高β-葡聚糖基质中,并允许水合时间为15分钟。混合成分后,饮料进行UHT和均质化处理以确保稳定性。第一步是预热至80℃,在90℃、UHT 4秒后在180bar均质化。然后冷却至20℃并装入无菌PET瓶(250ml)中。
实施例3
基本上如实施例1中所述进行,除了使用酿造锅在中试规模下生产麦芽汁。使用的大麦也是lys5f,但是在不同的生长季节收获。打浆后,将液体泵入过滤槽(lautertun)中并将温度降至75℃并静置24小时以除去不溶的大麦材料。将总量为160L的麦芽汁转移到麦芽汁锅中并在90℃煮沸30分钟。通过calcofluor测量β-葡聚糖的定量为6g/L麦芽汁。
实施例4
实施例1、2和3中应用的酶的β-葡聚糖酶副活性的描述
在来自Megazyme(爱尔兰)的中等粘度大麦β-葡聚糖(200kDa)上探测在麦芽汁生产中应用的三种不同商业酶混合物中β-葡聚糖酶副活性的存在。通过温和加热和旋转混合将β-葡聚糖溶解在D2O(Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,Andover,MA,USA)中50mM磷酸钾缓冲液pH6中,浓度为1mg/600μl。以这样的方式制备三种底物样品并与0.5μl酶溶液(分别为SC、或Flex)混合。通过高分辨率核磁共振(NMR)光谱在18℃原位跟踪反应240分钟。图1显示了Flex、和SC在18℃降解β-葡聚糖的最终产物。在Flex(图1)中发现了最高的β-葡聚糖酶副活性,随后是在SC中未观察到β-葡聚糖酶活性。通过除葡萄糖(存在于酶混合物中)之外的还原末端信号的出现来判断酶活性,如图2所示,其显示由Flexβ-葡聚糖酶(苔聚糖酶)副活性在65℃降解的lys5fβ-葡聚糖的1H-1H COSY光谱。
使用在实际工艺条件下(如实施例1中所述),即在65℃下由SC单独提取的lys5fβ-葡聚糖样品研究β-葡聚糖酶活性的位点特异性作用。使用配备有TCI冷冻探针和18.7T磁体(Oxford Magnet Technology,Oxford,UK)的800MHz Bruker(瑞士)NMR光谱仪对酶降解的样品记录同核1H-1H DQF COSY光谱,并用于鉴定通过暴露于Flex酶混合物形成的β-葡聚糖(图2)。通过比较2D光谱与先前工作的参考归属进行切割位点信号中间体的归属(Petersen等人2013)。这些归属表明,非常主要的切割位点信号可归于β-(1-3)还原末端信号,其通过用Flex和制剂中的内切-1,3-1,4-β-D-葡聚糖酶(苔聚糖酶,EC 3.2.1.73)活性切割形成。由于其内切葡聚糖酶活性,该活性的存在合理化β-葡聚糖分子量的快速衰减。根据本发明,使用商业Flex和制剂的副活性可以是有利的,因为该活性允许大麦β-葡聚糖受控降解至所需的粘度。
实施例5a
β-葡聚糖的表征
在本实施例中描述了来自基本上如实施例1中所述制备的大麦麦芽汁的β-葡聚糖的表征和定量。麦芽汁由几种不同的大麦品种制备,包括lys5f和各种商业上可获得的大麦品种。所用大麦粒的总β-葡聚糖含量提供于下表1中。
表1
使用荧光法(Brewing EBC标准,1994)来测定麦芽汁中以及大麦粒中β-葡聚糖的含量。使用的装置是β-葡聚糖Carlsberg System 5700分析仪,Tecator,瑞典,一种流动注射分析设备,其使用基于calcofluor染料与β-葡聚糖结合能力的calcofluor染料强度变化作为测量原理。calcofluor具有与溶液中存在的β-葡聚糖>10-30kDa结合的能力,并且与结合的β-葡聚糖含量成正比地增加其荧光。
通过在室温下储存麦芽汁(4g/L的β-葡聚糖)6个月并使用上面描述的calcoflour方法常规测定β-葡聚糖含量来测试β-葡聚糖含量的稳定性。跟踪基本上如实施例1中所述由lys5f制备的麦芽汁和GlucagelTM溶液的β-葡聚糖含量,结果显示在图9中。
麦芽汁的粘度通过粘度计Vibro SV-10(A&D Company Limited,Tokyo)在20℃下在麦芽汁离心1小时内测量(如实施例1中所述)。接下来的步骤是用10ml麦芽汁填充粘度计,并以mPas单位记录屏幕上的值。结果如表2所示。
表2
此外,使用SC和Flex的混合物(TAF),或者SC和(TA)或(T)的混合物进行提取后,基本上如实施例1所述由不同的大麦品系制备大麦麦芽汁。测定麦芽汁的粘度,结果如图12所示。使用TAF制备的大麦麦芽汁具有非常低的粘度。
在分析分子量和DP3/DP4比例之前,使用乙醇从麦芽汁中沉淀β-葡聚糖。通过在室温下在玻璃烧杯中将如实施例1中所述制备的麦芽汁1:1混合至80%乙醇中进行沉淀。将混合物沉淀30分钟。通过筛分收集所得的β-葡聚糖胶并冷冻干燥24小时。从冷冻干燥中取出β-葡聚糖胶,称重并研磨成粉末。
通过常规尺寸排阻色谱法(SEC)进行分子量分析。将样品施加在asahipak GS520HQ(7.5×300mm)或asahipak GS 320HQ(7.5×300mm)柱(Shodex,US)上。用5种β-葡聚糖标准品校准柱;大麦BG 650000、燕麦BG 391000、燕麦BG 265000,大麦BG 229000、燕麦BG70600和燕麦BG 35600(来自Megazyme,爱尔兰)。在60℃用50mM NH4COOH缓冲液pH 5和0.01%NaN3以0.5ml/min的恒定流速进行洗脱。使用配备有联机脱气装置、泵和控制在40℃的差示折射计的GPC系统(viscotek 270max,Malvern)进行该分离。将粉末样品用20μl50%乙醇润湿,然后溶解在缓冲液中。将1mg/ml的溶液加热至80℃持续2小时,然后离心。将所有样品离心并过滤(0.45μm),然后进样50μl。通过Omnisec软件(版本4.7.0.406,Malvern)基于均聚物的转换校准分析用于分子量测定的数据。
三种β-葡聚糖的分子量分析结果如表3所示。
表3:所选β-葡聚糖的分子量平均值(Mw)
如实施例4中所述的,Attenuzyme Flex具有内切-1,3-1,4-β-D-葡聚糖酶活性。
DP3/DP4比例(纤维三糖与纤维四糖)描述了β-葡聚糖寡聚物嵌段结构。DP3/DP4分析基于从如上所述制备的麦芽汁中沉淀的β-葡聚糖的完全苔聚糖酶消化。测定由各种大麦品系制备的麦芽汁中的β-葡聚糖以及商业大麦β-葡聚糖GlucagelTM的DP3/DP4比例。测定混合物由500μl 10mM NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4缓冲液中的2.5mgβ-葡聚糖样品和苔聚糖酶(Megazyme,爱尔兰)的110μl苔聚糖酶悬浮液(10U)组成。将样品用10μl乙醇(50%V/V)润湿,然后溶解在缓冲液中。将溶液加热至96℃持续2小时,然后加入苔聚糖酶。将样品60℃孵育过夜。通过在沸水浴中处理30分钟使酶失活。
氨基苯甲酰胺(2-AB)是通过还原胺化步骤连接到寡糖还原末端的常见荧光标记。2-AB标记:在UPLC分析(水)之前用2-氨基苯甲酰胺对参考标准品和如下所述的样品进行荧光标记。将葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖溶于水中至浓度为1mg/ml。将200μl该溶液冻干。将200μl每种样品冻干。向这些溶液中加入200μl 2-AB和200μlNaBH3CN。将样品旋转混合并在60℃孵育过夜,然后冷却至室温,用3.6ml H2O稀释并用CH2Cl2(2×8ml)洗涤。收集每个水层1ml,离心5分钟并用10mM铵形式缓冲液(pH 4.5)和乙腈(22:78)的混合物以1:10稀释。
DP3/DP4比例的结果如表4所示。
表4:来自所选大麦品种的β-葡聚糖和GlucagelTM的DP3/DP4比例。
所选大麦品种的BG | DP3/DP4比例 |
lys5f | 3.8 |
Glucagel<sup>TM</sup>(DKSH) | 3.1 |
Chameleon | 2.7 |
Colombus | 2.6 |
Chameleon和Columbus是商业上可获得的大麦品种。
此外,图11显示了各种大麦品系(图中所示)的大麦籽粒中的DP3/DP4比例,以及使用SC和Flex(TAF)的混合物或者SC和(TA)或(T)的混合物提取后,基本上如实施例1中所述由所述大麦籽粒制备的麦芽汁中的β-葡聚糖的Mw。
实施例6
来自麦芽汁的β-葡聚糖的体外作用
该研究调查了β-葡聚糖的分子大小如何影响多糖在体外结合胆汁盐的能力。我们使用如Mikkelsen等人2014描述的高分辨率1H-13C NMR(800MHz)实验,在分子细节上探测β-葡聚糖和甘氨胆酸盐之间的相互作用。待测β-葡聚糖是:
A.低分子量lys5f TAF(LMw-150kDa)-如实施例1所述用SC和Flex提取的;
B.中等分子量lys5f TA(MMw-530kDa)-如实施例1所述用Terrmamyl SC和提取的。
将β-葡聚糖样品溶解(1%w/v)在D2O中的100mM乙酸钠缓冲液pH 5中并在99℃水合30分钟。在冻干和在D2O中再溶解前已在H2O中制备pH5的乙酸盐缓冲液。将胆汁盐混合到BG溶液中,浓度为0、5、15、30或45mM;将混合物在37℃孵育120分钟。这一孵育后,将样品转移到5mmNMR样品管中,并在37℃下通过1H-13C异核单量子相关(HSQC)实验进行分析。
按照Langmuir吸附等温式处理胆汁盐对β-葡聚糖的吸附,并且使用化学位移差异到Langmuir吸附模型的拟合来定性地探测β-葡聚糖分子量对与甘氨胆酸盐相互作用的影响。结果如图3所示。β
两个β-葡聚糖共振之间的信号变化(Δδ)表明β-葡聚糖与溶液中的胆汁盐之间的直接相互作用。这与甘氨胆酸盐和由SC和处理(图3中的lys5f TA)和另外的Flex处理(图3中的lys5f TAF)产生的β-葡聚糖之间的直接结合一致。虽然可检测到胆汁盐对这两种β-葡聚糖的吸附,但胆汁盐结合强度在制剂之间没有显著变化。因此,这些体外结果证实150kDa lys5f TAFβ-葡聚糖保留530kDalys5f TAβ-葡聚糖通过直接分子相互作用吸附胆汁盐的能力。
实施例7
麦芽汁的β-葡聚糖的体内作用
动物研究的目的是调查β-葡聚糖的类型和质量如何影响高胆固醇血症大鼠的胆固醇代谢。在这个体内模型中,我们选择了三种不同的β-葡聚糖,它们具有显著不同的结构和分子量。主要焦点是降低血液胆固醇的效果。研究设计开始于高胆固醇饮食(2%)(加0.5%胆酸钠盐/胆汁盐)的3周导入期,已发现其诱导雄性Wistar大鼠出现高胆固醇血症。
生产试验饲料,使得所有处理都含有相同量的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉和纤维(5%)。此外,在饲料中加入2%胆固醇。基于β-葡聚糖粉末中蛋白质、淀粉和膳食纤维的精确分析,调整饲料组成,使各种营养成分的每天饲料总含量相同。
三种实验饮食(A、B、C)中的饲料组成基于高脂肪饮食(纤维,参见表5),其中5%纤维由以下3种β-葡聚糖产品提供:
A:对照β-葡聚糖-GlucagelTM(DKSH)
B:低分子量lys5f TAF(LMw)-如实施例5a中所述用SC&Flex提取的
C:中等分子量lys5f TA(MMw)-如实施例5a中所述用SC&提取的
通过从麦芽汁中沉淀β-葡聚糖制备低分子量和中等分子量lys5fβ-葡聚糖。如实施例1中所述使用大麦lys5f制备麦芽汁,并如实施例5a中所述进行沉淀。
表5:高脂肪饮食组成(基于%)。
成分: | |
白小麦粉 | 42.0 |
β-葡聚糖 | - |
Miprodan 30酪蛋白 | 19.0 |
蔗糖 | 12.0 |
大豆油 | 5.0 |
猪油 | 10.0 |
胆固醇 | 2.0 |
粉末纤维素 | 5.0 |
AIN 93G矿物质混合物 | 3.5 |
AIN 93维生素混合物 | 1.0 |
L-胱氨酸 | 0.3 |
重酒石酸胆碱 | 0.3 |
%贡献 | 100.1 |
该实验使用5周龄的总共36只Wistar大鼠(每个处理12只)。每2组(lap)(区组)用24或12只大鼠进行实验,间隔2周。到达时,将大鼠用芯片标记并分配在箱子中(每箱4/6只)。到达后,大鼠随意进食AIN93G标准饲料(颗粒),然后随意进食高脂肪饮食试验饲料3周。每周记录每箱(4-5只动物)的进食量。
在第3周后,将动物称重并在全身麻醉下采集尾血以进行血脂分析。参考重量将动物随机分配至3个处理(每个处理相似的平均重量),并且每箱饲养4只动物(每区组每个处理一个箱子)并随意进食。每周记录饲料和重量。
第5周后,将大鼠单独饲养在代谢笼中。在适应3天后,每天加入20g饲料/天进行消化性试验。分配饲料总量(80g)并将产生的肥料收集在一个袋子中。
在第7周后,将大鼠称重并在麻醉下杀死。收集血液用于分析:
血浆甘油三酯、血浆总胆固醇、血浆HDL、血浆LDL、胃内容物的固体%分析、阑尾内容物的挥发性脂肪酸含量分析。
将来自平衡研究的粪肥冷冻干燥并分析干物质和灰分。
处理后血脂谱变化的结果如图4-7所示。在Pentra 400上分析所有脂质。由于低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇是心脏病的主要危险因素,因此优选降低LDL水平。类似地,优选降低总胆固醇水平。但是,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇被认为是“好”胆固醇,因为它有助于防止动脉堵塞,因此优选不降低HDL水平。
处理后观察总SCFA池的数值变化,参见图8。计算SCFA的总量=丁酸、丙酸和乙酸(kg湿样品中的mmol)×阑尾内容物的重量(gr)。
统计分析显示实验性β-葡聚糖处理(LMw lys5f、MMw lys5f)和商业上可获得的大麦β-葡聚糖GlucagelTM之间总SCFA池的显著差异。β-葡聚糖处理后总SCFA的增加被认为是有益的,因为SCFA与胆固醇降低机制和作为结肠细胞的能量来源有关,并且对于肠道健康是重要的。
实施例8
在以下混合物中打浆大麦粉制备大麦麦芽汁:
麦芽汁配方试验1
27g大麦品种Lys5f粉
400ml水(自来水)
530μl 25%磷酸
120ul 35%氯化钙
800ulSc
4ulβ-葡聚糖酶(flex或max)
麦芽汁配方试验2
27g大麦品种Lys5f粉
400ml水(自来水)
530ul 25%磷酸
120ul 35%氯化钙
800ul Termamyl Sc
0.4ulβ-葡聚糖酶(Attenuzyme flex或Ultraflo max)
麦芽汁配方试验3
27g大麦品种Lys5f粉
400ml水(自来水)
530ul 25%磷酸
120ul 35%氯化钙
800ul Termamyl Sc
0.04ulβ-葡聚糖酶(Attenuzyme flex或Ultraflo max)
SC、Flex或max可从丹麦Novozymes获得。为了制备少量使用的酶,制备100ul酶+9,9ml水的稀释液,但是所示量对应于原始酶制剂的体积。
通过在65℃、在500ml金属烧杯中通过调浆(mashing-in)进行打浆。在65℃下持续45分钟后,在25分钟内将温度逐渐升至90℃,最后在90℃保持30分钟。将麦芽浆在室温(20-24℃)下以5000rpm离心15分钟以除去不溶的废麦槽物质。
基本上如上文实施例5中所述测定β-葡聚糖的粘度和含量。结果示于表6中。
表6
根据制造商,Flex包含葡糖淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶和普鲁兰酶。然而,如上文实施例4中所述,Flex还包含β-葡聚糖酶副活性。当Flex以非常低的量应用时,所得麦芽汁具有可接受范围的较高端的粘度。然而,如实施例5a中所示,当使用较高量的Flex时,获得具有较低粘度的麦芽汁。
根据制造商,Max包含β-葡聚糖酶(700EGU/g)和木聚糖酶(250FXU/g)。如本文所用,EGU是内切葡聚糖酶单元的缩写。当每27g大麦应用约0.28EGUMax(相当于0.01EGU/g大麦)时,获得具有可接受的β-葡聚糖浓度和粘度的麦芽汁。当每27g大麦应用约2.8EGUMax(相当于0.1EGU/g大麦)时,获得具有较低但仍然可接受的β-葡聚糖浓度和粘度的麦芽汁。当每27g大麦应用约0.028EGUMax(相当于0.001EGU/g大麦)时,获得具有可接受的β-葡聚糖浓度的麦芽汁,其具有可接受范围的较高端的粘度。
序列表
<110> 嘉士伯酿酒有限公司
哥本哈根大学
<120> 含有大麦β-葡聚糖的饮料
<130> P3695DK00
<160> 5
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 425
<212> PRT
<213> 大麦(Hordeum vulgare)
<400> 1
Met Ala Ala Ala Met Ala Ala Thr Thr Met Val Thr Lys Asn Asn Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Ser Leu Ala Met Asp Lys Lys Asn Trp Phe Phe Arg Pro Ala Pro
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Glu Val Ala Phe Ser Trp Ser Ser Gln Pro Glu Ser Arg Ser Leu Glu
35 40 45
Phe Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Phe Ala Ser Val Gly Leu Ser Leu Ser His
50 55 60
Asp Gly Lys Ala Arg Pro Ala Asp Asp Val Ala His Gln Leu Ala Ala
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Ala Gly Asp Ala Gly Val Gln Gln Ala Gln Lys Ala Lys Lys Ala Lys
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Lys Gln Gln Leu Gly Leu Arg Lys Val Arg Val Lys Ile Gly Asn Pro
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His Leu Arg Arg Leu Val Ser Gly Ala Ile Ala Gly Ala Val Ser Arg
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Thr Phe Val Ala Pro Leu Glu Thr Ile Arg Thr His Leu Met Val Gly
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Ser Ser Gly Ala Asp Ser Met Gly Gly Val Phe Arg Trp Ile Met Arg
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Thr Glu Gly Trp Pro Gly Leu Phe Arg Gly Asn Ala Val Asn Val Leu
165 170 175
Arg Val Ala Pro Ser Lys Ala Ile Glu His Phe Thr Tyr Asp Thr Ala
180 185 190
Lys Lys Tyr Leu Thr Pro Glu Ala Gly Glu Pro Ala Lys Val Pro Ile
195 200 205
Pro Thr Pro Leu Val Ala Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly Val Ala Ser Thr Leu
210 215 220
Cys Thr Tyr Pro Met Glu Leu Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Thr Ile Glu Lys
225 230 235 240
Asp Val Tyr Asp Asn Leu Leu His Ala Phe Val Lys Ile Val Arg Asp
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Glu Gly Pro Gly Glu Leu Tyr Arg Gly Leu Ala Pro Ser Leu Ile Gly
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Val Val Pro Tyr Ala Ala Ala Asn Phe Tyr Ala Tyr Glu Thr Leu Arg
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Gly Ala Tyr Arg Arg Ala Ser Gly Lys Glu Glu Val Gly Asn Val Pro
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Thr Leu Leu Ile Gly Ser Ala Ala Gly Ala Ile Ala Ser Thr Ala Thr
305 310 315 320
Phe Pro Leu Glu Val Ala Arg Lys Gln Met Gln Val Gly Ala Val Gly
325 330 335
Gly Arg Gln Val Tyr Lys Asn Val Leu His Ala Met Tyr Cys Ile Leu
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Asn Lys Glu Gly Ala Ala Gly Leu Tyr Arg Gly Leu Gly Pro Ser Cys
355 360 365
Ile Lys Leu Met Pro Ala Ala Gly Ile Ser Phe Met Cys Tyr Glu Ala
370 375 380
Cys Lys Lys Ile Leu Val Asp Asp Lys Gln Asp Gly Glu Pro Gln Asp
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Gln Glu Glu Thr Glu Thr Gly His Thr Gln Gly Gln Ala Ala Pro Lys
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Ser Pro Asn Ala Asn Gly Asp Arg Pro
420 425
<210> 2
<211> 1278
<212> DNA
<213> 大麦(Hordeum vulgare)
<400> 2
atggcggcgg caatggctgc aacgacaatg gtgaccaaga acaacggcgg ctcgctcgcc 60
atggacaaga agaactggtt ctttcggccg gcccctgagg tcgccttctc ttggagctcg 120
cagcccgagt ccaggagctt ggagttccca cgcagggctc tgttcgccag cgtcggactc 180
agcctgtccc acgacgggaa ggctcggccc gccgacgacg tcgcacacca actcgcagcc 240
gcgggcgatg cgggcgtcca gcaggcccag aaggcgaaaa aggccaagaa gcagcagctg 300
ggtctgagga aggtgagggt caagatcggc aacccgcacc tgcgtcggct ggtcagcggc 360
gccatcgccg gcgccgtttc gaggactttc gtggcgccgc tggagacgat caggacgcac 420
ctgatggtgg gaagctccgg cgccgactcc atgggcgggg ttttccggtg gatcatgagg 480
acggaggggt ggcccggcct cttccgcggc aacgccgtca acgtcctccg cgtcgcgccg 540
agcaaggcca tcgagcactt cacttacgac acggccaaga agtacctgac cccggaggcc 600
ggcgagccag ccaaggtccc catccccacg ccgcttgtcg ccggagcgct cgccggagtg 660
gcctcaaccc tgtgcaccta tcccatggag ctcgtcaaga cccgtctcac catcgagaag 720
gatgtgtacg acaacctcct ccacgcgttc gtcaagatcg tgcgcgacga ggggcccgga 780
gagctgtacc gcgggctggc gccgagcctg atcggcgtgg tgccgtacgc ggcggccaac 840
ttctacgcct acgagacact gcggggcgcg taccgccgcg cgtcggggaa ggaggaggtg 900
ggcaacgtgc cgacgctgct gatcgggtcc gcggcgggcg ccatcgccag cacggccacc 960
ttcccgctgg aggtggcgcg gaagcagatg caggtgggcg ccgtgggcgg gaggcaggtg 1020
tacaagaacg tcctgcacgc catgtactgc atcctcaaca aggagggcgc cgccgggctc 1080
taccgcgggc tcggccccag ctgcatcaag ctcatgcccg ccgccggcat ctccttcatg 1140
tgctacgagg cctgcaagaa gatactcgtc gacgacaaac aagacggcga gccccaggac 1200
caggaggaga cggagaccgg acacacacaa ggacaggcgg cgcccaagag ccccaacgcc 1260
aacggtgatc gaccatga 1278
<210> 3
<211> 512
<212> PRT
<213> 嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilus)
<400> 3
Ala Ala Pro Phe Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Leu
1 5 10 15
Pro Asp Asp Gly Thr Leu Trp Thr Lys Val Ala Asn Glu Ala Asn Asn
20 25 30
Leu Ser Ser Leu Gly Ile Thr Ala Leu Trp Leu Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys
35 40 45
Gly Thr Ser Arg Ser Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Val Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp
50 55 60
Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lys Gly Ala Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr
65 70 75 80
Lys Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ile Gln Ala Ala His Ala Ala Gly Met
85 90 95
Gln Val Tyr Ala Asp Val Val Phe Asp His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Gly
100 105 110
Thr Glu Trp Val Asp Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Ser Asp Arg Asn Gln
115 120 125
Glu Ile Ser Gly Thr Tyr Gln Ile Gln Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe Asp Phe
130 135 140
Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Ser Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp Tyr His
145 150 155 160
Phe Asp Gly Val Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Ser Arg Ile Tyr
165 170 175
Lys Phe Arg Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp Thr Glu Phe Gly
180 185 190
Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Leu Asp Met Asp His Pro Glu
195 200 205
Val Val Thr Glu Leu Lys Ser Trp Gly Lys Trp Tyr Val Asn Thr Thr
210 215 220
Asn Ile Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser
225 230 235 240
Phe Phe Pro Asp Trp Leu Ser Asp Val Arg Ser Gln Thr Gly Lys Pro
245 250 255
Leu Phe Thr Val Gly Glu Tyr Trp Ser Tyr Asp Ile Asn Lys Leu His
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Ile Met Lys Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Ser Leu Phe Asp Ala Pro
275 280 285
Leu His Asn Lys Phe Tyr Thr Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp
290 295 300
Met Arg Thr Leu Met Thr Asn Thr Leu Met Lys Asp Gln Pro Thr Leu
305 310 315 320
Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Glu Pro Gly Gln Ala Leu
325 330 335
Gln Ser Trp Val Asp Pro Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile
340 345 350
Leu Thr Arg Gln Glu Gly Tyr Pro Cys Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Tyr Tyr
355 360 365
Gly Ile Pro Gln Tyr Asn Ile Pro Ser Leu Lys Ser Lys Ile Asp Pro
370 375 380
Leu Leu Ile Ala Arg Arg Asp Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Thr Gln His Asp Tyr
385 390 395 400
Leu Asp His Ser Asp Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Val Thr Glu
405 410 415
Lys Pro Gly Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro Gly Gly
420 425 430
Ser Lys Trp Met Tyr Val Gly Lys Gln His Ala Gly Lys Val Phe Tyr
435 440 445
Asp Leu Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Asp Thr Val Thr Ile Asn Ser Asp Gly
450 455 460
Trp Gly Glu Phe Lys Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Val Trp Val Pro
465 470 475 480
Arg Lys Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Ile Ala Trp Ser Ile Thr Thr Arg Pro
485 490 495
Trp Thr Asp Glu Phe Val Arg Trp Thr Glu Pro Arg Leu Val Ala Trp
500 505 510
<210> 4
<211> 862
<212> PRT
<213> 嗜酸普鲁兰芽孢杆菌(Bacillus acidopullulyticus)
<400> 4
Met Ser Leu Ile Arg Ser Arg Tyr Asn His Phe Val Ile Leu Phe Thr
1 5 10 15
Val Ala Ile Met Phe Leu Thr Val Cys Phe Pro Ala Tyr Lys Ala Leu
20 25 30
Ala Asp Ser Thr Ser Thr Glu Val Ile Val His Tyr His Arg Phe Asp
35 40 45
Ser Asn Tyr Ala Asn Trp Asp Leu Trp Met Trp Pro Tyr Gln Pro Val
50 55 60
Asn Gly Asn Gly Ala Ala Tyr Glu Phe Ser Gly Lys Asp Asp Phe Gly
65 70 75 80
Val Lys Ala Asp Val Gln Val Pro Gly Asp Asp Thr Gln Val Gly Leu
85 90 95
Ile Val Arg Thr Asn Asp Trp Ser Gln Lys Asn Thr Ser Asp Asp Leu
100 105 110
His Ile Asp Leu Thr Lys Gly His Glu Ile Trp Ile Val Gln Gly Asp
115 120 125
Pro Asn Ile Tyr Tyr Asn Leu Ser Asp Ala Gln Ala Ala Ala Thr Pro
130 135 140
Lys Val Ser Asn Ala Tyr Leu Asp Asn Glu Lys Thr Val Leu Ala Lys
145 150 155 160
Leu Thr Asn Pro Met Thr Leu Ser Asp Gly Ser Ser Gly Phe Thr Val
165 170 175
Thr Asp Lys Thr Thr Gly Glu Gln Ile Pro Val Thr Ala Ala Thr Asn
180 185 190
Ala Asn Ser Ala Ser Ser Ser Glu Gln Thr Asp Leu Val Gln Leu Thr
195 200 205
Leu Ala Ser Ala Pro Asp Val Ser His Thr Ile Gln Val Gly Ala Ala
210 215 220
Gly Tyr Glu Ala Val Asn Leu Ile Pro Arg Asn Val Leu Asn Leu Pro
225 230 235 240
Arg Tyr Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Asn Asp Leu Gly Asn Val Tyr Ser Asn Lys
245 250 255
Ala Thr Ala Phe Arg Val Trp Ala Pro Thr Ala Ser Asp Val Gln Leu
260 265 270
Leu Leu Tyr Asn Ser Glu Thr Gly Pro Val Thr Lys Gln Leu Glu Met
275 280 285
Gln Lys Ser Asp Asn Gly Thr Trp Lys Leu Lys Val Pro Gly Asn Leu
290 295 300
Lys Asn Trp Tyr Tyr Leu Tyr Gln Val Thr Val Asn Gly Lys Thr Gln
305 310 315 320
Thr Ala Val Asp Pro Tyr Val Arg Ala Ile Ser Val Asn Ala Thr Arg
325 330 335
Gly Met Ile Val Asp Leu Glu Asp Thr Asn Pro Pro Gly Trp Lys Glu
340 345 350
Asp His Gln Gln Thr Pro Ala Asn Pro Val Asp Glu Val Ile Tyr Glu
355 360 365
Val His Val Arg Asp Phe Ser Ile Asp Ala Asn Ser Gly Met Lys Asn
370 375 380
Lys Gly Lys Tyr Leu Ala Phe Thr Glu His Gly Thr Lys Gly Pro Asp
385 390 395 400
Asn Val Lys Thr Gly Ile Asp Ser Leu Lys Glu Leu Gly Ile Asn Ala
405 410 415
Val Gln Leu Gln Pro Ile Glu Glu Phe Asn Ser Ile Asp Glu Thr Gln
420 425 430
Pro Asn Met Tyr Asn Trp Gly Tyr Asp Pro Arg Asn Tyr Asn Val Pro
435 440 445
Glu Gly Ala Tyr Ala Thr Thr Pro Glu Gly Thr Ala Arg Ile Thr Gln
450 455 460
Leu Lys Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser Ile His Lys Asp Arg Ile Ala Ile Asn
465 470 475 480
Met Asp Val Val Tyr Asn His Thr Phe Asn Val Gly Val Ser Asp Phe
485 490 495
Asp Lys Ile Val Pro Gln Tyr Tyr Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ser Ala Gly Asn
500 505 510
Tyr Thr Asn Gly Ser Gly Val Gly Asn Glu Ile Ala Thr Glu Arg Pro
515 520 525
Met Val Gln Lys Phe Val Leu Asp Ser Val Lys Tyr Trp Val Lys Glu
530 535 540
Tyr His Ile Asp Gly Phe Arg Phe Asp Leu Met Ala Leu Leu Gly Lys
545 550 555 560
Asp Thr Met Ala Lys Ile Ser Lys Glu Leu His Ala Ile Asn Pro Gly
565 570 575
Ile Val Leu Tyr Gly Glu Pro Trp Thr Gly Gly Thr Ser Gly Leu Ser
580 585 590
Ser Asp Gln Leu Val Thr Lys Gly Gln Gln Lys Gly Leu Gly Ile Gly
595 600 605
Val Phe Asn Asp Asn Ile Arg Asn Gly Leu Asp Gly Asn Val Phe Asp
610 615 620
Lys Ser Ala Gln Gly Phe Ala Thr Gly Asp Pro Asn Gln Val Asn Val
625 630 635 640
Ile Lys Asn Gly Val Met Gly Ser Ile Ser Asp Phe Thr Ser Ala Pro
645 650 655
Ser Glu Thr Ile Asn Tyr Val Thr Ser His Asp Asn Met Thr Leu Trp
660 665 670
Asp Lys Ile Ser Ala Ser Asn Pro Asn Asp Thr Gln Ala Asp Arg Ile
675 680 685
Lys Met Asp Glu Leu Ala Gln Ala Val Val Phe Thr Ser Gln Gly Val
690 695 700
Pro Phe Met Gln Gly Gly Glu Glu Met Leu Arg Thr Lys Gly Gly Asn
705 710 715 720
Asp Asn Ser Tyr Asn Ala Gly Asp Ser Val Asn Gln Phe Asp Trp Ser
725 730 735
Arg Lys Ala Gln Phe Glu Asn Val Phe Asp Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Leu Ile
740 745 750
His Leu Arg Asp Asn His Pro Ala Phe Arg Met Thr Thr Ala Asp Gln
755 760 765
Ile Lys Gln Asn Leu Thr Phe Leu Asp Ser Pro Thr Asn Thr Val Ala
770 775 780
Phe Glu Leu Lys Asn His Ala Asn His Asp Lys Trp Lys Asn Ile Ile
785 790 795 800
Val Met Tyr Asn Pro Asn Lys Thr Ala Gln Thr Leu Thr Leu Pro Ser
805 810 815
Gly Asn Trp Thr Ile Val Gly Leu Gly Asn Gln Val Gly Glu Lys Ser
820 825 830
Leu Gly His Val Asn Gly Thr Val Glu Val Pro Ala Leu Ser Thr Ile
835 840 845
Ile Leu His Gln Gly Thr Ser Glu Asp Val Ile Asp Gln Asn
850 855 860
<210> 5
<211> 242
<212> PRT
<213> 枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtitlis)
<400> 5
Met Pro Tyr Leu Lys Arg Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Val Thr Gly Leu Phe
1 5 10 15
Met Ser Leu Phe Ala Val Thr Ala Thr Ala Ser Ala Gln Thr Gly Gly
20 25 30
Ser Phe Phe Asp Pro Phe Asn Gly Tyr Asn Ser Gly Phe Trp Gln Lys
35 40 45
Ala Asp Gly Tyr Ser Asn Gly Asn Met Phe Asn Cys Thr Trp Arg Ala
50 55 60
Asn Asn Val Ser Met Thr Ser Leu Gly Glu Met Arg Leu Ala Leu Thr
65 70 75 80
Ser Pro Ala Tyr Asn Lys Phe Asp Cys Gly Glu Asn Arg Ser Val Gln
85 90 95
Thr Tyr Gly Tyr Gly Leu Tyr Glu Val Arg Met Lys Pro Ala Lys Asn
100 105 110
Thr Gly Ile Val Ser Ser Phe Phe Thr Tyr Thr Gly Pro Thr Asp Gly
115 120 125
Thr Pro Trp Asp Glu Ile Asp Ile Glu Phe Leu Gly Lys Asp Thr Thr
130 135 140
Lys Val Gln Phe Asn Tyr Tyr Thr Asn Gly Ala Gly Asn His Glu Lys
145 150 155 160
Ile Val Asp Leu Gly Phe Asp Ala Ala Asn Ala Tyr His Thr Tyr Ala
165 170 175
Phe Asp Trp Gln Pro Asn Ser Ile Lys Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Gln Leu
180 185 190
Lys His Thr Ala Thr Asn Gln Ile Pro Thr Thr Pro Gly Lys Ile Met
195 200 205
Met Asn Leu Trp Asn Gly Thr Gly Val Asp Glu Trp Leu Gly Ser Tyr
210 215 220
Asn Gly Val Asn Pro Leu Tyr Ala His Tyr Asp Trp Val Arg Tyr Thr
225 230 235 240
Lys Lys
Claims (20)
1.一种制备包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料的方法,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供大麦植物的籽粒,其中所述籽粒具有以下特征:
i.包含至少10%β-葡聚糖;
ii.所述β-葡聚糖中DP3/DP4的比例为至少3;
b)在酶组合物的存在下用水打浆所述籽粒,其中所述组合物包含α-淀粉酶和内切-1,3(4)-β-葡聚糖酶活性,从而获得水性提取物;
c)从大麦籽粒分离所述水性提取物,从而获得饮料或饮料主剂;
d)任选地将饮料主剂加工成饮料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述酶组合物还包含葡糖淀粉酶活性。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述酶组合物还包含普鲁兰酶活性。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述饮料包含至少3g/L、如至少4g/Lβ-葡聚糖。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述籽粒包含至少11%、如至少12%β-葡聚糖。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述β-葡聚糖中DP3/DP4的比例为至少3.2,如至少3.4,例如至少3.6,如至少3.7。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述大麦植物在HvNst1基因中携带突变。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)包括将研磨的大麦籽粒与水混合,其中水与研磨的大麦的比例为1比10至20。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括将一种或多种另外的化合物和/或一种或多种另外的液体加入到步骤c)中获得的饮料主剂中以生产饮料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中至少一种另外的化合物选自风味化合物、防腐剂和功能性成分,和/或至少一种另外的液体选自果汁、水和啤酒。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括用一种或多种微生物发酵饮料主剂。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述饮料具有最多50mPas、如最多40mPas、例如最多35mPas的粘度。
13.一种包含至少2g/Lβ-葡聚糖的饮料,其中所述β-葡聚糖具有80至200kDa范围内的平均分子量,并且其中所述饮料通过根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法生产。
14.根据权利要求13所述的饮料,其中所述饮料具有最多50mPas、如最多40mPas、例如最多35mPas的粘度。
15.根据权利要求13-14中任一项所述的饮料,其中所述饮料用于降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险,其中所述临床病症选自冠心病和糖尿病。
16.一种降低有此需要的个体获得临床病症的风险的方法,其中所述临床病症选自冠心病、糖尿病和感染,所述方法包括向所述个体施用有效量的根据权利要求13至14中任一项的饮料。
17.一种降低有此需要的个体的选自甘油三酯、胆固醇和LDL的至少一种脂质的血液水平的方法,其中所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据权利要求13至14中任一项的饮料。
18.一种降低有此需要的个体肥胖的风险或减少有此需要的个体肥胖的方法,所述方法包括由所述个体摄入根据权利要求13至15中任一项的饮料。
19.根据权利要求17-18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述个体是人。
20.根据权利要求16-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述个体每天施用包含至少3gβ-葡聚糖的饮料。
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WO2023225459A2 (en) | 2022-05-14 | 2023-11-23 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions and methods for preventing, treating, supressing and/or eliminating phytopathogenic infestations and infections |
WO2024117091A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | 株式会社明治 | 米麹穀物発酵糖化液、及びその製造方法 |
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NZ748105A (en) | 2020-08-28 |
CA3022530C (en) | 2024-01-09 |
IL262696A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
EA037907B1 (ru) | 2021-06-04 |
EP3451852A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
AU2017259877A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
EP3451852B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
SG11201809013VA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
SA518400357B1 (ar) | 2022-04-17 |
AU2017259877B2 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
JP6920695B2 (ja) | 2021-08-18 |
US20190133152A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
EA201892351A1 (ru) | 2019-04-30 |
CA3022530A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
WO2017191109A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
CN109068692B (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
DK3451852T3 (da) | 2020-09-28 |
IL262696B (en) | 2019-09-26 |
US11116242B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
JP2019514392A (ja) | 2019-06-06 |
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