CN109027029A - A kind of low vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed high-power operating condition - Google Patents
A kind of low vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed high-power operating condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
- F16D3/56—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic metal lamellae, elastic rods, or the like, e.g. arranged radially or parallel to the axis, the members being shear-loaded collectively by the total load
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Abstract
本发明一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器，包括半联轴器、薄壁套筒等，薄壁套筒的两端对称设置有依次连接有支撑板、带花键套筒和半联轴器；其中，薄壁套筒的中心轴上设置有芯轴，该芯轴的两端分别与薄壁套筒两端支撑板的中心连接，且芯轴上间隔装配有若干圆盘，圆盘与薄壁套筒的内壁之间设置有阻尼器；薄壁套筒、支撑板与带花键套筒通过螺栓紧固，带花键套筒的另一端周向套装有金属膜片，金属膜片外侧通过层压板与对应的半联轴器连接。本发明对汽轮机、涡轮机、压缩机、航空发动机等旋转机械的转子连接设计具有较高的应用价值，该装置具有良好的抑振、减振作用，可显著降低膜片联轴器内薄壁套筒过临界的振动幅度，提高联轴器的稳定性。
The invention is a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions, including a half-coupling, a thin-walled sleeve, and the like. Key sleeve and half-coupling; wherein, the central shaft of the thin-walled sleeve is provided with a mandrel, and the two ends of the mandrel are respectively connected with the centers of the support plates at both ends of the thin-walled sleeve, and the mandrel is assembled at intervals There are several disks, and dampers are arranged between the disks and the inner wall of the thin-walled sleeve; the thin-walled sleeve, the support plate and the sleeve with splines are fastened by bolts, and the other end of the sleeve with splines is circumferentially fitted There is a metal diaphragm, and the outer side of the metal diaphragm is connected with the corresponding half-coupling through a laminate. The invention has high application value for the rotor connection design of rotating machines such as steam turbines, turbines, compressors, and aero-engines. The critical vibration amplitude of the cylinder improves the stability of the coupling.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于联轴器设计领域，具体涉及一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器。The invention belongs to the field of shaft coupling design, and in particular relates to a low-vibration diaphragm shaft coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions.
背景技术Background technique
航空发动机的高低压转子在出厂前，需在高转速、大功率的条件下对转子的临界转速、不平衡响应和稳定性等动力学性能进行测试，在实验的过程中以电动机为动力源，在航空发动机与电动机之间利用联轴器连接。但由于联轴器具有一定的刚度，和被测转子连接会给转子附加额外的刚度，影响转子系统的动力学特性。为提高测试的准确性，对航空发动机测试使用的联轴器有以下要求：一、不能改变转子系统本身的动力学、静力学性能；二、能够进行高转速及大功率的扭矩传递。但常规联轴器难以满足这些要求，相比之下，以膜片联轴器为代表的柔性联轴器是更好的选择。Before leaving the factory, the high and low pressure rotors of aero-engines need to test the dynamic performance of the rotors such as critical speed, unbalanced response and stability under high speed and high power conditions. During the experiment, the motor is used as the power source. A coupling is used to connect the aero-engine and the electric motor. However, since the coupling has a certain stiffness, connecting with the measured rotor will add additional stiffness to the rotor, which will affect the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system. In order to improve the accuracy of the test, the couplings used in the aero-engine test have the following requirements: 1. The dynamic and static performance of the rotor system itself cannot be changed; 2. It can transmit high-speed and high-power torque. However, it is difficult for conventional couplings to meet these requirements. In contrast, flexible couplings represented by diaphragm couplings are a better choice.
膜片联轴器具有寿命长、可靠性好、不需要润滑、无需进行维护、拆装方便，能保持恒定的较低的不平衡量，可以在比较恶劣的工作环境中应用等优点，主要用在涡轮机械等高功率、无润滑、高速、高扭矩的设备中，目前在国内已经取得了较为广泛的应用。然而在航空发动机转子测试的高速运转工况下，膜片联轴器也存在一些问题，测试过程中为了降低联轴器的刚度，以减小联轴器对转子的影响，需要膜片联轴器具有较好的柔度，中间采用薄壁套筒结构。由于航空发动机转速较高，测试中的转速往往会超过薄壁套筒的临界转速，导致联轴器在过临界过程中发生剧烈振动，严重影响转子系统的稳定性及安全性。为了解决高速运转过程中膜片联轴器振幅过大的问题，本发明提出了一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器。Diaphragm couplings have the advantages of long life, good reliability, no need for lubrication, no need for maintenance, easy disassembly and assembly, can maintain a constant low unbalance, and can be applied in relatively harsh working environments. They are mainly used in In high-power, non-lubricated, high-speed, high-torque equipment such as turbomachinery, it has been widely used in China. However, under the high-speed operating conditions of the aero-engine rotor test, there are also some problems with the diaphragm coupling. During the test, in order to reduce the stiffness of the coupling and reduce the influence of the coupling on the rotor, the diaphragm coupling is required The device has good flexibility, and a thin-walled sleeve structure is used in the middle. Due to the high rotational speed of the aero-engine, the rotational speed in the test often exceeds the critical rotational speed of the thin-walled sleeve, resulting in severe vibration of the coupling during the critical process, seriously affecting the stability and safety of the rotor system. In order to solve the problem of excessive vibration amplitude of the diaphragm coupling during high-speed operation, the present invention proposes a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于通过改变膜片联轴器过临界的阻尼，来降低薄壁套筒过临界转速时振动幅度。提供了一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器。本发明针对传统膜片联轴器，为了减小联轴器的刚度，本发明延长了膜片中间连接部分薄壁套筒的长度，减小了套筒的厚度，但同时内部增加了一根芯轴，芯轴盘与膜片联轴器的薄壁套筒以橡胶圈或其他类型减振材料(金属丝阻尼器等)装配。由于芯轴的临界转速与薄壁套筒不同，在转子系统高速运行至过临界的时候，芯轴与联轴器的套筒振动方向及频率不同，存在相对运动，此时阻尼器能够吸收套筒的部分振动能量，降低了膜片联轴器中薄壁套筒的振动幅度，使整个系统具有良好的减振、抑振效果。The purpose of the invention is to reduce the vibration amplitude of the thin-walled sleeve when the critical speed is exceeded by changing the damping of the diaphragm coupling when the critical speed is exceeded. Provided is a low-vibration diaphragm shaft coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions. The present invention is aimed at the traditional diaphragm coupling. In order to reduce the rigidity of the coupling, the present invention extends the length of the thin-walled sleeve in the middle connection part of the diaphragm, reduces the thickness of the sleeve, but at the same time adds a The mandrel, the mandrel disk and the thin-walled sleeve of the diaphragm coupling are assembled with rubber rings or other types of damping materials (wire dampers, etc.). Since the critical speed of the mandrel is different from that of the thin-walled sleeve, when the rotor system runs at a high speed to the critical point, the vibration direction and frequency of the mandrel and the sleeve of the coupling are different, and there is relative motion. At this time, the damper can absorb the sleeve Part of the vibration energy of the cylinder reduces the vibration amplitude of the thin-walled sleeve in the diaphragm coupling, so that the entire system has a good vibration damping and vibration suppression effect.
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的：The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器，包括具有圆柱状中空腔体且两端开口的薄壁套筒，相比较于传统膜片联轴器，薄壁套筒更长更薄，该薄壁套筒的两端对称设置有依次连接的支撑板、带花键套筒和半联轴器；其中，A low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power conditions, including a thin-walled sleeve with a cylindrical hollow cavity and openings at both ends. Compared with traditional diaphragm couplings, the thin-walled sleeve is more Longer and thinner, the two ends of the thin-walled sleeve are symmetrically provided with support plates, splined sleeves and half couplings connected in sequence; among them,
薄壁套筒的中心轴上设置有芯轴，该芯轴的两端分别与薄壁套筒两端的支撑板中心处连接，且芯轴上间隔套装有若干圆盘，每个圆盘与薄壁套筒的内壁之间设置有O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器；The central shaft of the thin-walled sleeve is provided with a mandrel, and the two ends of the mandrel are respectively connected with the centers of the support plates at both ends of the thin-walled sleeve, and a number of discs are set at intervals on the mandrel, and each disc is connected to the thin-walled sleeve. An O-shaped rubber ring damper or an O-shaped wire damper is arranged between the inner walls of the wall sleeve;
薄壁套筒的开口端与对应的支撑板和带花键套筒的一端紧固在一起，带花键套筒的另一端周向上套装有金属膜片，金属膜片的外侧通过层压板与对应的半联轴器夹持在一起。The open end of the thin-walled sleeve is fastened with the corresponding support plate and one end of the splined sleeve, and the other end of the splined sleeve is circumferentially fitted with a metal diaphragm, and the outer side of the metal diaphragm is connected with the laminated plate. The corresponding coupling halves are clamped together.
本发明进一步的改进在于，芯轴上套装有三个圆盘，分别为第一圆盘、第二圆盘和第三圆盘，三个圆盘的位置为转子第1、2阶临界振型的振动幅值最高点。The further improvement of the present invention is that three disks are set on the mandrel, namely the first disk, the second disk and the third disk, and the positions of the three disks are the positions of the first and second critical mode shapes of the rotor. The highest vibration amplitude point.
本发明进一步的改进在于，每个圆盘的周向开设有槽，O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器设置在该槽内。A further improvement of the present invention is that a groove is opened on the circumference of each disc, and an O-shaped rubber ring damper or an O-shaped wire damper is arranged in the groove.
本发明进一步的改进在于，每个圆盘均通过定位螺母固定在芯轴的轴肩处。A further improvement of the present invention is that each disc is fixed on the shoulder of the mandrel by a positioning nut.
本发明进一步的改进在于，还包括定位金属膜片套筒，其用于将金属膜片轴向定位在带花键套筒上，且定位金属膜片套筒通过圆螺母定位在带花键套筒上。The further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a positioning metal diaphragm sleeve, which is used to axially position the metal diaphragm on the splined sleeve, and the positioning metal diaphragm sleeve is positioned on the splined sleeve through a round nut. on the barrel.
本发明进一步的改进在于，金属膜片为通过若干个薄膜片叠合成的膜片组。A further improvement of the present invention is that the metal diaphragm is a diaphragm group formed by laminating several thin films.
本发明进一步的改进在于，工作时，两个半联轴器中的一个用于与转子连接，另一个用于与电动机连接。A further improvement of the present invention is that, during operation, one of the two half-couplings is used for connecting with the rotor, and the other is used for connecting with the motor.
本发明具有如下有益的技术效果：The present invention has following beneficial technical effect:
本发明提供了一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器，其中圆盘周向的阻尼器装置用以增加套筒与芯轴的阻尼，吸收薄壁套筒的部分振动能量，降低薄壁套筒过临界时的振动幅度；另外薄壁套筒的支撑结构，提高联轴器自身的支撑刚度，保证膜片联轴器的稳定性。The invention provides a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions, wherein the damper device in the circumferential direction of the disk is used to increase the damping of the sleeve and the mandrel, and absorb part of the vibration of the thin-walled sleeve energy, reducing the vibration amplitude when the thin-walled sleeve passes the critical point; in addition, the supporting structure of the thin-walled sleeve improves the supporting stiffness of the coupling itself and ensures the stability of the diaphragm coupling.
薄壁套筒在高速转动过程中会过临界，为了降低过临界时的共振幅度，在薄壁套筒内加上一个芯轴，称为芯轴，芯轴上添加若干个圆盘(本发明以三个圆盘的设计为例)，并且圆盘周向套有O型橡胶圈或O型金属丝阻尼器，在圆盘与薄壁套筒之间有相对运动趋势时进行抑振，吸收套筒部分振动能量。The thin-walled sleeve will pass the criticality during high-speed rotation. In order to reduce the resonance amplitude when passing the criticality, a mandrel is added in the thin-walled sleeve, which is called the mandrel, and several discs are added on the mandrel (the present invention Take the design of three discs as an example), and the discs are sleeved with O-shaped rubber rings or O-shaped wire dampers to suppress vibration and absorb The sleeve part vibrates energy.
膜片联轴器刚度小，再结合长的套筒结构，使联轴器整体刚度很低，在航空发动机的测试实验中对转子系统的动、静力学特性影响较小，这使得测量结果更接近转子系统的真实值。The stiffness of the diaphragm coupling is small, combined with the long sleeve structure, the overall stiffness of the coupling is very low, which has little influence on the dynamic and static characteristics of the rotor system in the test experiment of the aero-engine, which makes the measurement results more accurate. close to the true value of the rotor system.
工作时，两个半联轴器分别与设备转子和电动机相连接，电动机通过膜片联轴器传递给转子动能，半联轴器的端部有定位轴肩，对膜片有轴向定位作用。半联轴器的内安装孔有一定锥度，以便安装转子，而且在转子高速转动时具有自调心功能。When working, the two half-couplings are respectively connected to the equipment rotor and the motor, and the motor transmits kinetic energy to the rotor through the diaphragm coupling. The end of the half-coupling has a positioning shoulder, which has an axial positioning effect on the diaphragm . The inner mounting hole of the half-coupling has a certain taper to facilitate the installation of the rotor, and it has a self-aligning function when the rotor rotates at high speed.
金属膜片是膜片联轴器的关键部件，本发明中膜片组由若干个薄金属膜片叠合而成，通过它来传递转矩和运动。在转子运动过程中，膜片联轴器中的金属膜片发生弹性变形来弥补两轴线的相对位移，可以缓冲减振，避免共振。The metal diaphragm is the key part of the diaphragm coupling. In the present invention, the diaphragm group is composed of several thin metal diaphragms, through which the torque and movement are transmitted. During the movement of the rotor, the metal diaphragm in the diaphragm coupling undergoes elastic deformation to compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes, which can buffer vibration and avoid resonance.
综上所述，本发明提供的一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器，能够传递大功率扭矩，且不会影响被测转子的动、静特性，同时可以增大薄壁套筒的有效阻尼，降低套筒在高速运转过程过临界时的振动幅度，具有减振、抑振功能。采用该结构的膜片联轴器，可显著提高联轴器及转子系统的安全性及稳定性。In summary, the invention provides a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power conditions, which can transmit high-power torque without affecting the dynamic and static characteristics of the rotor under test, and can increase the The effective damping of the thin-walled sleeve reduces the vibration amplitude of the sleeve when it passes the critical point during high-speed operation, and has the functions of damping and suppressing vibration. The diaphragm coupling with this structure can significantly improve the safety and stability of the coupling and the rotor system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions according to the present invention.
附图标记说明：1是半联轴器，2是第一螺栓，3是金属膜片，4是第二螺栓，5是薄壁套筒，6是第一圆盘，7是第二圆盘，8是第三圆盘，9是芯轴，10是层压板，11是圆螺母，12是定位金属膜片套筒，13是定位螺母，14是O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器，15是支撑板，16是带花键套筒。Explanation of reference signs: 1 is a half coupling, 2 is a first bolt, 3 is a metal diaphragm, 4 is a second bolt, 5 is a thin-walled sleeve, 6 is a first disc, and 7 is a second disc , 8 is the third disc, 9 is the mandrel, 10 is the laminate, 11 is the round nut, 12 is the positioning metal diaphragm sleeve, 13 is the positioning nut, 14 is the O-shaped rubber ring damper or O-shaped wire Damper, 15 is a support plate, and 16 is a sleeve with splines.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种应用于高速大功率工况的低振膜片联轴器，包括半联轴器1、金属膜片3、带花键套筒16、层压板10、定位金属膜片套筒12、薄壁套筒5、O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器14、第一至第三圆盘6-8、芯轴9和支撑板15。As shown in Figure 1, a low-vibration diaphragm coupling applied to high-speed and high-power working conditions provided by the present invention includes a coupling half 1, a metal diaphragm 3, a splined sleeve 16, and a laminate 10 , positioning metal diaphragm sleeve 12, thin-walled sleeve 5, O-shaped rubber ring damper or O-shaped wire damper 14, first to third discs 6-8, mandrel 9 and support plate 15.
图1为低振动高速大功率膜片联轴器应用在大型旋转转子中，两个半联轴器1一端连接转子，另一端连接电动机，两轴安装过程中允许小幅度不对中，能够传递较大的扭矩。Figure 1 shows the application of low-vibration, high-speed, high-power diaphragm couplings in large-scale rotating rotors. One end of the two half-couplings 1 is connected to the rotor, and the other end is connected to the motor. A small misalignment is allowed during the installation of the two shafts, which can transmit relatively large Great torque.
金属膜片3安装在带花键套筒16上，通过定位金属膜片套筒12轴向定位，防止金属膜片3沿轴向抖动，定位金属膜片套筒12通过圆螺母11定位在带花键套筒16上，且防止轴向移动，金属膜片3有更好的定位。金属膜片3通过若干个薄膜片叠合成膜片组，具有大的弹性变形来弥补两轴线的相对位移。The metal diaphragm 3 is installed on the splined sleeve 16. By positioning the metal diaphragm sleeve 12 in the axial direction, the metal diaphragm 3 is prevented from vibrating in the axial direction. The positioning metal diaphragm sleeve 12 is positioned on the belt through the round nut 11. On the spline sleeve 16, and prevent axial movement, the metal diaphragm 3 has better positioning. The metal diaphragm 3 is laminated into a diaphragm group by several thin films, and has large elastic deformation to compensate for the relative displacement of the two axes.
带花键套筒16、支撑板15和薄壁套筒5通过第二螺栓4相连，带花键套筒16的周向上套装有金属膜片3，金属膜片3的外侧通过第一螺栓2、层压板10与对应的半联轴器1夹持在一起，且带花键套筒16上有定位支撑板15的轴肩，支撑板15上有定位薄壁套筒5的轴肩，支撑板15是为了芯轴9而设计的，薄壁套筒5在高速运转过程中容易发生共振，因此本发明为了减少薄壁套筒5振动幅值，而设计第一至第三圆盘6-8圆周上套有O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器14(高速重型用金属丝阻尼器)。通过圆盘与薄壁套筒5的相对运动，使O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器14发挥作用，降低薄壁套筒5的振动幅度。The splined sleeve 16, the support plate 15 and the thin-walled sleeve 5 are connected by the second bolt 4, the metal diaphragm 3 is set on the circumferential direction of the splined sleeve 16, and the outer side of the metal diaphragm 3 is passed by the first bolt 2 1. The laminated plate 10 is clamped together with the corresponding half-coupling 1, and the shaft shoulder for positioning the support plate 15 is arranged on the splined sleeve 16, and the shaft shoulder for positioning the thin-walled sleeve 5 is arranged on the support plate 15 to support The plate 15 is designed for the mandrel 9, and the thin-walled sleeve 5 is prone to resonance during high-speed operation. Therefore, in order to reduce the vibration amplitude of the thin-walled sleeve 5, the present invention designs the first to third discs 6- 8 circumferences are covered with O-type rubber ring damper or O-type wire damper 14 (high-speed heavy-duty wire damper). Through the relative movement of the disk and the thin-walled sleeve 5 , the O-shaped rubber ring damper or the O-shaped wire damper 14 is brought into play to reduce the vibration amplitude of the thin-walled sleeve 5 .
本发明的工作过程如下：Working process of the present invention is as follows:
由于低振动高速大功率膜片联轴器在高速转动时，薄壁套筒5会发生过临界的共振。为了降低振动幅度，在薄壁套筒5内安装有芯轴9，芯轴9上安装有第一至第三圆盘6-8，通过轴肩和定位螺母13轴向固定，圆盘周向开有槽，槽内安装有O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器14，来降低薄壁套筒5的振动从而增加低振动高速大功率膜片联轴器的稳定性。O型橡胶圈阻尼器或O型金属丝阻尼器14来增加支撑系统的阻尼，吸收系统一部分振动能量，从而降低振动幅值。另外加圆盘能够增加系统的支撑，提高低振动高速大功率膜片联轴器稳定性。When the low-vibration, high-speed, high-power diaphragm coupling rotates at high speed, the thin-walled sleeve 5 will undergo critical resonance. In order to reduce the vibration amplitude, a mandrel 9 is installed in the thin-walled sleeve 5, and the first to third discs 6-8 are installed on the mandrel 9, which are axially fixed by the shaft shoulder and the positioning nut 13, and the discs are opened in the circumferential direction. Groove, an O-type rubber ring damper or an O-type wire damper 14 is installed in the groove to reduce the vibration of the thin-walled sleeve 5 so as to increase the stability of the low-vibration, high-speed, high-power diaphragm coupling. O-shaped rubber ring damper or O-shaped wire damper 14 is used to increase the damping of the support system and absorb part of the vibration energy of the system, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude. In addition, adding a disc can increase the support of the system and improve the stability of the low-vibration, high-speed, high-power diaphragm coupling.
Claims (7)
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| CN110939662A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-03-31 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | Diaphragm disc-tooth type combined coupling |
| CN112324813A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 江苏科技大学 | A vibration damping device for diaphragm coupling and vibration damping method thereof |
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| CN109027029B (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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