CN109007302A - 一种水产养殖抗病性饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水产养殖抗病性饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料及其制备方法,其原料包括玉米粉、大豆粕、花生渣、骨粉、鱼粉、茶叶粉、蜂蜡、微生物菌剂等;其制备方法包括:将玉米粉、大豆粕、花生渣、微生物菌剂等混合均匀,得到发酵底物;将发酵底物导入发酵池中,进行第一阶段发酵、第二阶段发酵,得到发酵产物;将发酵产物和熔融的蜂蜡混合均匀,造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。本发明提供的水产养殖抗病性饲料营养丰富,不含有生长激素和抗生素等化学药物,提高了水产生物的抗疾病能力,提高了食用安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料制备领域,尤其涉及一种水产养殖抗病性饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步及人们生活水平的提高,人们对生活质量的要求越来越高,对饮食质量需求也越来越高,水产品以其丰富的营养和鲜美的口味赢得了人们的普遍青睐,成为餐桌上必不可少的菜种之一。但是由于全球工业化进程的推进,水污染日益严重,水体质量不断下降,水产品生存环境不断恶化,导致水产品极易感染疾病,在营养不均衡的情况下水产品成活率低、产量降低、收益下降,目前市场上的水产品还不能满足越来越大的市场需求及人们对其食用安全卫生的要求,因此,提高营养价值高、食用安全卫生的水产品产量是近年来业内亟待解决的问题。
水产品在养殖的过程中往往需要喂食饲料,从而达到促进生长的目的。水产养殖饲料是水产养殖的物质基础,也是影响水产品的成活率和产量及养殖环境等的重要因素。
传统的水产养殖中,养殖业主及饲料制造商为了促进水产生物的快速生长和降低制造成本,饲料大多不符合质量安全标准,如重金属和化学药物(如性激素、生长激素、抗生素等)含量超标。这些饲料促使水产生物短期快速生长,影响水产生物的质量和口感,不利于水产生物的长期稳定发展。并且,过度添加抗生素,虽然短时间内避免了水产类的生病减产,但是过度食用抗生素含量高的水产类影响食用的身体健康。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其原料按重量份包括:玉米粉25-32份、大豆粕10-15份、花生渣10-15份、骨粉10-15份、甘蔗渣8-12份、鸡粪7-13份、鱼粉6-10份、茶叶粉5-10份、蜂蜡3-6份、微生物菌剂1-3份、水15-25份。
优选地,微生物菌剂包括发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌。
优选地,微生物菌剂中发酵乳杆菌的含量为1×108-3×108cfu/g,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为3×107-5×107cfu/g,产朊假丝酵母菌的含量为1×107-3×107cfu/g。
优选地,玉米粉、大豆粕、茶叶粉的粒径为70-90目。
本发明还提供了该种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照配比称取各种原料,将微生物菌剂分为A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂;
S2、将玉米粉和大豆粕、花生渣、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、茶叶粉、A组微生物菌剂、水混合均匀,得到发酵底物;
S3、将S2中得到的发酵底物导入发酵池中,用塑料布覆盖密闭,进行第一阶段发酵,去除塑料布,添加B组微生物菌剂,混合均匀,进行第二阶段发酵,得到发酵产物;
S4、将S3中得到的发酵产物加热将温度升高至60-70℃,加入熔融的蜂蜡,混合均匀,造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。
优选地,A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂的重量比为2-3:1。
优选地,C组玉米粉和D组玉米粉的重量比为7-9:1。
优选地,E组水和F组水的重量比为4-5:1
优选地,S3中第一阶段发酵的温度为36-40℃,时间为3-5天。
优选地,S3中第二阶段发酵的温度为33-37℃,时间为1-2天。
本发明提供的水产养殖抗病性饲料以玉米粉、大豆粕、花生渣、骨粉、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、鱼粉、茶叶粉主要原料,经过发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母菌的发酵,生成茶多酚、益生菌、小肽、有机酸、多种维生素等有益成分,营养丰富,尤其适用于鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲢鱼等淡水鱼类食用。
本发明提供的水产养殖抗病性饲料中含有的茶多酚,具有增强机体抵抗力、抑菌、抗病毒的作用;乳酸菌、酵母菌等有益菌可以调节动物胃肠道微生物平衡的功能,抑制有害菌的增殖,替代抗生素,提高饲料的利用率。原料中的花生渣为花生榨油剩余物,营养丰富,油脂含量较高,节省了外加油脂的成本。本发明采用蜂蜡作为造粒粘结剂,蜂蜡是蜜蜂分泌的天然物质,相较于化学粘结剂更加绿色环保,并且蜂蜡含有游离脂肪酸、碳水化合物、类胡萝卜素、维生素A等多种营养物质。
本发明提供的水产养殖抗病性饲料配方科学合理,保证水产动物的营养均衡和消化吸收平衡,提高了生物体的抗疾病能力。不含有生长激素和抗生素等化学药物,保证了水产生物的质量,提高了食用安全性。饲喂该种水产养殖抗病性饲料成长的水产动物机体健康,不易患病,肉质鲜美。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其原料按重量份包括:玉米粉33份、大豆粕13份、花生渣11份、骨粉14份、甘蔗渣10份、鸡粪9份、鱼粉8份、茶叶粉7份、微生物菌剂2.8份、水26份。
微生物菌剂包括发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌。微生物菌剂中发酵乳杆菌的含量为1.4×108cfu/g,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为4.2×107cfu/g,产朊假丝酵母菌的含量为2.8×107cfu/g。
玉米粉、大豆粕、茶叶粉的粒径为85目。
实施例2
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其原料按重量份包括:玉米粉36份、大豆粕14份、花生渣13份、骨粉12份、甘蔗渣11份、鸡粪10份、鱼粉9份、茶叶粉6份、微生物菌剂1.3份、水29份。
微生物菌剂包括发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌。微生物菌剂中发酵乳杆菌的含量为2.6×108cfu/g,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为4.7×107cfu/g,产朊假丝酵母菌的含量为1.3×107cfu/g。
玉米粉、大豆粕、茶叶粉的粒径为80目。
实施例3
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其原料按重量份包括:玉米粉38份、大豆粕12份、花生渣14份、骨粉13份、甘蔗渣9份、鸡粪11份、鱼粉7份、茶叶粉8份、微生物菌剂2.2份、水23份。
微生物菌剂包括发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌。微生物菌剂中发酵乳杆菌的含量为1.9×108cfu/g,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为3.2×107cfu/g,产朊假丝酵母菌的含量为2.3×107cfu/g。
玉米粉、大豆粕、茶叶粉的粒径为75目。
实施例4
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照实施例1配比称取各种原料,将微生物菌剂分为A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂,A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂的重量比为2.2:1;
S2、将玉米粉和大豆粕、花生渣、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、茶叶粉、A组微生物菌剂、水混合均匀,得到发酵底物;
S3、将S2中得到的发酵底物导入发酵池中,用塑料布覆盖密闭,进行第一阶段发酵,第一阶段发酵的温度为38℃,发酵5天,去除塑料布,添加B组微生物菌剂,混合均匀,进行第二阶段发酵,第二阶段发酵的温度为36℃,发酵1天,得到发酵产物;
S4、将S3中得到的发酵产物加热将温度升高至66℃,加入熔融的蜂蜡,混合均匀,导入转鼓造粒机造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。
实施例5
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照实施例2配比称取各种原料,将微生物菌剂分为A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂,A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂的重量比为2.5:1;
S2、将玉米粉和大豆粕、花生渣、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、茶叶粉、A组微生物菌剂、水混合均匀,得到发酵底物;
S3、将S2中得到的发酵底物导入发酵池中,用塑料布覆盖密闭,进行第一阶段发酵,第一阶段发酵的温度为37℃,发酵4天,去除塑料布,添加B组微生物菌剂,混合均匀,进行第二阶段发酵,第二阶段发酵的温度为34℃,发酵1.5天,得到发酵产物;
S4、将S3中得到的发酵产物加热将温度升高至64℃,加入熔融的蜂蜡,混合均匀,导入转鼓造粒机造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。
实施例6
本发明提供了一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照实施例3配比称取各种原料,将微生物菌剂分为A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂,A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂的重量比为2.8:1;
S2、将玉米粉和大豆粕、花生渣、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、茶叶粉、A组微生物菌剂、水混合均匀,得到发酵底物;
S3、将S2中得到的发酵底物导入发酵池中,用塑料布覆盖密闭,进行第一阶段发酵,第一阶段发酵的温度为39℃,发酵3天,去除塑料布,添加B组微生物菌剂,混合均匀,进行第二阶段发酵,第二阶段发酵的温度为35℃,发酵2天,得到发酵产物;
S4、将S3中得到的发酵产物加热将温度升高至68℃,加入熔融的蜂蜡,混合均匀,导入转鼓造粒机造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:玉米粉25-32份、大豆粕10-15份、花生渣10-15份、骨粉10-15份、甘蔗渣8-12份、鸡粪7-13份、鱼粉6-10份、茶叶粉5-10份、蜂蜡3-6份、微生物菌剂1-3份、水15-25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其特征在于,所述微生物菌剂包括发酵乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种水产养殖抗病性饲料,其特征在于,所述微生物菌剂中发酵乳杆菌的含量为1×108-3×108cfu/g,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为3×107-5×107cfu/g,产朊假丝酵母菌的含量为1×107-3×107cfu/g。
4.一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照配比称取各种原料,将微生物菌剂分为A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂;
S2、将玉米粉和大豆粕、花生渣、甘蔗渣、鸡粪、茶叶粉、A组微生物菌剂、水混合均匀,得到发酵底物;
S3、将S2中得到的发酵底物导入发酵池中,用塑料布覆盖密闭,进行第一阶段发酵,去除塑料布,添加B组微生物菌剂,混合均匀,进行第二阶段发酵,得到发酵产物;
S4、将S3中得到的发酵产物加热将温度升高至60-70℃,加入熔融的蜂蜡,混合均匀,造粒得到水产养殖抗病性饲料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述A组微生物菌剂和B组微生物菌剂的重量比为2-3:1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中第一阶段发酵的温度为36-40℃,时间为3-5天。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种水产养殖抗病性饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中第二阶段发酵的温度为33-37℃,时间为1-2天。
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