CN108990525B - Green manure crushing and turning machine - Google Patents
Green manure crushing and turning machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990525B CN108990525B CN201810945920.9A CN201810945920A CN108990525B CN 108990525 B CN108990525 B CN 108990525B CN 201810945920 A CN201810945920 A CN 201810945920A CN 108990525 B CN108990525 B CN 108990525B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
- A01D43/08—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for cutting up the mown crop, e.g. forage harvesters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
- A01D43/12—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with soil-working implements, e.g. ploughs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D65/00—Grain-crop lifters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
- A01D69/06—Gearings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
A green manure crushing and turning machine belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Comprises a frame, a lifting device, a cutting device, a crushing device, a turnover device, a compacting device and a transmission device which are arranged on the frame; the ground end of the lifting device is provided with a knife, the creeping green plants are lifted and cut off and then are conveyed to the cutting device, and a movable knife and a static knife on the cutting device are alternately arranged to drive the movable knife to reciprocate relative to the static knife so as to realize two-channel crushing cutting; the front pressing cutter assembly and the rear pressing cutter assembly on the smashing device alternately swing to smash green plants for three times; the turning device drives the upper soil turning component to realize soil turning and four crushing actions; the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame and used for compacting the crushed green plants; the transmission device is respectively connected with the lifting device, the cutting device, the crushing device and the turnover device and drives the devices to operate. The invention can achieve the effect of multi-channel crushing and can effectively mix the crushed green manure with soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a green manure crushing and turning machine which can realize a series of ordered procedures of lifting, cutting, crushing, turning, earthing and the like of crops such as weeds, green manure and the like.
Background
The green manure turning and pressing lack of special machinery, although a certain degree of mechanized turning and pressing can be realized by depending on part of machinery, the pertinence of the machinery is poor, the operation efficiency and the effect are difficult to ensure, and along with the continuous expansion of the green manure planting scale, the contradiction between heavy physical labor and rural labor shortage is increasingly prominent, so that the green manure mechanized operation level is urgently needed to be improved. The crushing and the turning-over of the green manure are important components in the production and the utilization processes of the green manure, and the development of green manure turning-over machinery and machines is delayed due to the fact that the green manure turning-over technology is not perfect. In order to promote the development of green manure turning and pressing mechanization, developing efficient green manure turning and pressing technology and machinery is important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a green manure crushing and turning machine aiming at creeping green manure or weed crops, which solves the defects of incomplete crushing, low soil covering rate and easy cutter winding of the existing rotary cultivator.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a green manure crushing and turning machine which comprises a frame, a lifting device, a cutting device, a crushing device, a turning device, a pressing device and a transmission device, wherein the lifting device, the cutting device, the crushing device, the turning device, the pressing device and the transmission device are arranged on the frame;
the lifting device is arranged at the front end of the work, the grounding end of the lifting device is provided with a knife, the creeping green plants are lifted and cut off and then are conveyed to the cutting device, and the lifting device is connected with the transmission device through the lifting transmission mechanism;
the cutting device is arranged on the frame, is arranged behind the lifting device, and is provided with a movable cutter and a static cutter which are alternately arranged, and the movable cutter is connected with the transmission device through the reciprocating driving device to drive the movable cutter to reciprocate relative to the static cutter so as to realize two crushing and cutting;
the crushing device is arranged on the frame, is arranged behind the cutting device, and is connected with the transmission device through the crushing transmission shaft to drive the front and rear crushing cutters to swing alternately, so as to crush the green plants after the two crushing and cutting for three times;
the turnover device is arranged on the frame and is arranged behind the crushing device, and the turnover shaft of the turnover device is connected with the transmission device to drive the upper turnover assembly of the turnover device to realize the actions of turning soil and crushing four times;
the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame and used for compacting the crushed green plants;
the transmission device is respectively connected with the lifting device, the cutting device, the crushing device and the turnover device and drives the devices to operate.
Further, the lifting device comprises a lifting frame, a plurality of groups of rollers, a transmission chain wheel, a lifting transmission mechanism and a knife, wherein the plurality of groups of rollers are arranged in the lifting frame in parallel, each group of rollers consists of two rollers rotating in opposite directions, two ends of each roller shaft are connected to the frame through elastic sliding mechanisms, the transmission chain wheel is arranged above each roller shaft, the lifting transmission mechanism is connected with a left transmission box of the transmission device, a transmission chain of the lifting transmission mechanism is connected with each transmission chain wheel and a lifting output chain wheel for transmission, and the knife is arranged at the grounding end of each roller shaft.
Further, the elastic sliding mechanism comprises two fixing seats, a plurality of reset springs, a connecting piece and two sliding blocks, spring rods are arranged at two ends of the connecting piece, the sliding blocks and the fixing seats are symmetrically arranged on the spring rods at two sides of the connecting piece, the reset springs are sleeved on the spring rods between the connecting piece and the sliding block and between the sliding blocks and the fixing seats, the connecting piece is connected to the supporting frame through the fixing seats, the roller shafts are arranged in mounting holes of the sliding blocks, and the sliding blocks connected with the roller shafts slide along the spring rods through the elasticity of the reset springs.
Further, the cutting device comprises a movable cutter combination, a static cutter combination and a reciprocating driving device, the reciprocating driving device comprises a cutting connecting shaft, an upper belt pulley, a lower belt pulley, a gear shaft, a track frame and a reciprocating frame, the cutting connecting shaft is connected with a gearbox, the upper belt pulley is arranged on the cutting connecting shaft, the gear shaft is parallel to the cutting connecting shaft, one end of the gear shaft is connected with the lower belt pulley, a belt is connected between the upper belt pulley and the lower belt pulley, the gear is arranged at the other end of the gear shaft, the gear is matched and connected with the track frame, the track frame is arranged in the reciprocating frame, the end, close to the ground, of the reciprocating frame is connected with a connecting frame of the movable cutter, and the movable cutter is driven to reciprocate relative to the static cutter, so that cutting is realized.
Further, the track frame comprises a mounting plate, two arc-shaped plates and a strip-shaped plate, wherein the two arc-shaped plates and the strip-shaped plate are arranged on the mounting plate, the strip-shaped plate is of a strip-shaped structure with two arc-shaped ends, a plurality of cylindrical rods are uniformly arranged on the strip-shaped plate at intervals, the distance between every two adjacent cylindrical rods is matched with gear teeth on a gear shaft, the gear is ensured to be matched with the cylindrical rods for transmission, the two arc-shaped plates are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the arc-shaped surface of the strip-shaped plate, an arc-shaped track is formed between the two arc-shaped plates and the strip-shaped plate, and the arc-shaped plates and the linear tracks on two sides of the strip-shaped plate form a running track of the gear; the gear is provided with a guide shaft which is connected with the arc-shaped track in a matched manner, and when the gear rotates, the running track on the track frame runs along the gear.
Further, the smashing device is a rocker transmission smashing device: the grinding mechanism comprises a plurality of grinding mechanisms which are composed of front cutter assemblies and rear cutter assemblies, the front cutters and the rear cutters of the front cutter assemblies and the rear cutter assemblies of the adjacent grinding mechanisms are arranged in a staggered and overlapped mode, a driving sliding disc of each of the front cutter assemblies and the rear cutter assemblies is connected to a grinding transmission shaft through a transmission belt, a left transmission box of the transmission device is connected through the grinding transmission shaft, a driven sliding disc is coaxially arranged with the driving sliding disc, one end of a rocker of the front cutter is connected to the driving sliding disc, one end of a rocker of the rear cutter is connected to the driven sliding disc, the other ends of the two rockers are respectively connected with a swing arm of the front cutter or the rear cutter, one end of the swing arm is respectively provided with the front cutter or the rear cutter, and the other ends of the swing arm are respectively connected to the end of a fixed shaft arranged on a frame.
Further, turning device includes track slab, cross rotating turret and a plurality of soil turning components that have the guide rail that two symmetries set up, all be connected with the cross rotating turret through the pivot on two track slabs, the cross end between two cross rotating turrets all is connected with the crank, still is provided with along guide rail pivoted gyro wheel on the crank, all is provided with a plurality of soil turning components on every crank, and the crisscross setting of soil turning components on the adjacent crank drives the crank simultaneously along guide rail operation, drives the soil turning component on it and turns over the soil action.
Further, the soil turning assembly comprises a mounting seat, a connecting arm, a fixed shell, a soil turning shovel and a reset mechanism, one end of the connecting arm is connected with the mounting seat, the other end of the connecting arm is connected in the fixed shell of the soil turning shovel through the reset mechanism, the soil turning shovel is connected to the outer end face of the fixed shell, the mounting angle alpha between the soil turning shovel and the fixed shell is 90-95 degrees, the width W of the soil turning shovel entering end is 128-130 mm, and the length L is 78-80.
Further, the elastic reset mechanism comprises a positioning rod, a reset spring, a fixed shell and a fixing nut, one end of the positioning rod is connected to the end part of the connecting arm, the reset spring is sleeved on the positioning rod and placed in the fixed shell, and the other end of the positioning rod extends out of the fixed shell and is fixedly connected through the fixing nut.
Further, the suppression device includes press wheel and scraping mechanism, scraping mechanism includes scraper blade, gear arm, drive gear, handle and shell, the press wheel passes through the mounting bracket to be installed at the frame rear end, and scraper blade both ends are passed through the gear arm and are rotated to be connected on the mounting bracket of press wheel, and the other tip of gear arm has the teeth of a cogwheel, with install the drive gear meshing transmission in the frame, drive gear and install the drive gear meshing transmission in the frame, have the handle on the drive gear, through the installation distance between shake handle adjustment scraper blade and press wheel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the lifting device can cut off the creeping green manure by the knife, then convey the creeping green manure to the cutting device for secondary cutting and crushing, then crush the creeping green manure by the crushing device 4 for three times, and finally turn the soil by the turning device, so that the turning device can not only realize the effect of turning the soil, but also crush the stems, leaves and roots of the green manure, thus achieving the effect of 'multi-channel crushing', and effectively mixing the crushed green manure with soil.
2. The lifting device adopts chain transmission, and can realize the opposite rotation of the two rollers; the rollers are arranged through the elastic sliding mechanism, so that each group of two rollers can horizontally displace under the action of elasticity, the clamped green plants can pass through, and then the rollers can reset under the action of elasticity, thereby ensuring the effect of clamping the green plants; the green manure broken by the knife can be well conveyed to the cutting device.
3. The cutting device adopts the combination of the gear guide rail and the sliding block frame and the belt transmission to realize the reciprocating motion of the cutting device; the track on the track frame rotates along the gear to realize reciprocating motion; therefore, the movable blade of the cutting device can be driven to continuously reciprocate, so that the movable blade can continuously cut green manure to achieve a good cutting effect.
4. The crushing device adopts rocker transmission, and the crushing cutters are designed into double-cutter overlapped crushing; the front and rear cutter pressing rockers are arranged at any angle of 180 degrees, so that the front and rear cutter pressing rockers alternately work under the action of the swing arms, and cutting and crushing are realized. Because the front and rear pressing cutters are arranged in an overlapped mode, overlapping and crushing of the same position can be well achieved, and the situation of missed cutting cannot be caused.
5. The turnover device adopts guide rail type rotation, and a soil turnover assembly for realizing functions of soil entering, soil turnover and soil lifting is designed into an elastic self-protection device; when the turning shovel encounters stones or tree roots in the rotating process, the reset spring is compressed, the turning shovel retracts to avoid the stones, the cutting edge of the turning shovel is prevented from being cracked, and then the reset spring is reset, and the turning shovel is restored to the original position.
6. The compacting device adopts the design of combining the compacting roller and the scraping plate, so that the soil on the compacting roller can be scraped at any time, the excessive thickness of a soil layer is prevented, and compacting operation is not facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the end cap structure of fig. 1 with the end cap removed.
Fig. 4 is a right side view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the lifting device in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a top view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the elastic sliding mechanism in fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the sprocket and drive chain mating transmission of fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the cutting device in fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the track frame structure of fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 9.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the pulverizing apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the turning device in fig. 1.
Fig. 15 is a schematic side view of the track slab of fig. 14 with track slabs removed.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the soil turning shovel shown in fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 18 is a schematic top view of fig. 17.
Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the structure of the knife according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. the lifting device is composed of a lifting frame 11, a roller 12, a driving chain wheel 13, a knife striking 14, a spring sliding mechanism 15, a fixed seat 151, a fixed seat 152, a return spring 153, a sliding block 154, a spring rod, 155, connecting piece, 16, lifting transmission mechanism, 161, lifting transmission horizontal shaft, 162, lifting transmission vertical shaft, 163, lifting output sprocket, 164, transmission chain, 17, fixed sprocket;
2. cutting device 21, movable cutter 22, static cutter 23, upper belt pulley 24, lower belt pulley 25, driving belt 26, track frame 261, mounting plate 262, arc 263, strip 264, cylindrical rod 265, arc track 27, reciprocating frame 28, gear shaft 281, gear 29, connecting frame.
3. The frame, 31 the frame base, 32 the land wheel, 33 the back cover;
4. the grinding device comprises a grinding device 41, a rear pressing cutter 42, a front pressing cutter 43, a driven slide plate 44, a driving slide plate 45, a swing arm 46, a rocker 47, a connecting shaft 48, a driving belt 49, a fixed shaft 410, a belt pulley 411 and a grinding driving shaft;
5. soil turning device 51, track plate 52, guide rail 53, cross rotating frame 54, soil turning component 541, roller 542, mounting seat 543, connecting arm 544, fixed shell 545, reset spring 546, positioning rod 547, fixing nut 548, soil turning shovel; 55. a crank; 56. turning over the rotating shaft;
6. a hanging frame;
7. gearbox, 71, right gearbox, 72, left gearbox, 73, cutting connecting shaft, 74, bevel gear;
8. the device comprises a pressing device 81, a shell 82, a handle 83, a driving gear 84, a transmission gear 85, a gear arm 86, a scraping plate 87 and a pressing wheel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-3, the green manure crushing and turning press comprises a frame 3, a lifting device 1, a cutting device 2, a crushing device 4, a soil turning device 5, a compacting device 8 and a transmission device, wherein the lifting device 1, the cutting device 2, the crushing device 4, the soil turning device 5, the compacting device 8 and the transmission device are arranged on the frame 3;
the lifting device 1 is arranged at the working front end of the frame 3, the grounding end of the lifting device is provided with a striking blade 14, the creeping green plants are lifted and cut off and then are conveyed to the cutting device 2, and the lifting device 1 is connected with the transmission device through a lifting transmission mechanism of the lifting device;
the cutting device 2 is arranged on the frame 3, is arranged behind the lifting device 1, and comprises a movable cutter 21 and a static cutter 22 which are alternately arranged, wherein the movable cutter 21 is connected with a transmission device through a reciprocating driving device to drive the movable cutter 21 to reciprocate relative to the static cutter 22 so as to realize two crushing and cutting;
the smashing device 4 is arranged on the frame 3, is arranged behind the cutting device 2, and is connected with the transmission device through the smashing transmission shaft 411 to drive the front pressing blade 42 and the rear pressing blade 41 to swing alternately, so as to smash the green plants after the two smashing and cutting for three times;
the soil turning device 5 is arranged on the frame 3 and is arranged behind the crushing device 4, and a turning rotating shaft 56 of the soil turning device is connected with a transmission device to drive an upper soil turning component 54 of the soil turning device to realize soil turning and four crushing actions;
the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame and used for compacting the crushed green plants;
the transmission device is respectively connected with the lifting device, the cutting device, the crushing device and the soil turning device and drives the devices to operate.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lifting device 1 includes a lifting frame 11, a plurality of sets of rollers 12, a driving sprocket 13, a lifting driving mechanism and a beater 14, wherein the plurality of sets of rollers 12 are arranged in parallel in the lifting frame 11, each set of rollers 12 is composed of two rollers rotating in opposite directions, two ends of each roller shaft are connected to the lifting frame 11 through an elastic sliding mechanism 15, the driving sprocket 13 is installed above each roller shaft, the lifting driving mechanism is connected with a left driving box 72, the driving chain 164 of the lifting driving mechanism is connected with each driving sprocket and a lifting output sprocket 163 for driving, and the beater 14 is installed at the grounding end of the roller shaft.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the elastic sliding mechanism 15 includes two fixing bases 151, a plurality of return springs 152, a connecting member 155 and two sliding blocks 153, spring rods 154 are respectively disposed at two ends of the connecting member 155, the sliding blocks 153 and the fixing bases 151 are symmetrically disposed on the spring rods 154 at two sides of the connecting member 155, the return springs 152 are respectively sleeved on the spring rods 154 between the connecting member 155 and the sliding blocks 153 and between the sliding blocks 153 and the fixing bases 151, the sliding blocks 152 are connected to the supporting frame 11 through the fixing bases 151, the roller shafts are mounted in mounting holes of the sliding blocks 153, and the sliding blocks 153 connected with the roller shafts slide along the spring rods 154 through elastic force of the return springs 152. The rollers 12 are fixed by the elastic sliding mechanism 15, so that the two rollers 12 combined together can be restored to the original positions after sliding, and the green planting clamping effect is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, the lifting transmission mechanism 16 comprises a lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161, a lifting transmission vertical shaft 162, a lifting output sprocket 163 and a transmission chain 164, wherein one end of the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 is arranged vertically on the same plane with the crushing transmission shaft 411, the other end of the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 and the lifting transmission vertical shaft 162 are in meshed transmission through a bevel gear, the lifting transmission vertical shaft 162 is vertical to the plane where the axes of the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 and the crushing transmission shaft 411 are located, and the lifting output sprocket 163 is arranged at the end of the lifting transmission vertical shaft 162. As shown in fig. 6, the connection structure of the transmission chain 164: fixed chain wheels 17 are arranged at the two sides and the middle part of the lifting frame 11, a driving chain 164 is sleeved with a lifting output chain wheel 163, the fixed chain wheels at the middle part of the lifting frame 11 are sleeved with the fixed chain wheels at the two sides of the lifting frame, driving chain wheels 13 on roller shafts are sequentially sleeved with the driving chain wheels 13 on adjacent roller shafts, and the driving chain wheels 13 on adjacent roller shafts are arranged at the two sides of the driving chain.
The striking tool 14 in this example is a cross striking tool, that is, four blades are arranged according to a cross, and the cutting edges are arranged in the same direction; the blades in the embodiment are straight blades, the installation heights of the cutters on the rollers are the same, and the cutters are arranged 14-16mm away from the ground surface; the roller 12 is hollow, so that materials are saved and weight is reduced; the roller 12 is 55mm from the ground at the lowest position and 255mm from the ground at the highest position.
As shown in fig. 9, the cutting device 2 includes a combination of a movable cutter and a static cutter, and a reciprocating driving device, where the reciprocating driving device includes a cutting connection shaft 73, an upper belt pulley 23, a lower belt pulley 24, a gear shaft 28, a track frame 26, and a reciprocating frame 27, the cutting connection shaft 73 is connected with the gearbox 7, the upper belt pulley 23 is installed on the cutting connection shaft 73, the gear shaft 28 is parallel to the cutting connection shaft 73, one end of the gear shaft 28 is connected with the lower belt pulley 24, a transmission belt 25 is connected between the upper belt pulley 23 and the lower belt pulley 24, a gear 281 is installed at the other end of the gear shaft 28, the gear 281 is connected with the track frame 26 in a matching manner, the track frame 26 is placed in the reciprocating frame 27, the reciprocating frame 27 is connected with a connecting frame 29 of the movable cutter near the ground end, and drives the movable cutter 21 to reciprocate relative to the static cutter 22, so as to realize cutting.
Each roller 12 corresponds to 1 fixed cutter. The central surface of each group of two rollers in contact corresponds to a group of cutters; the green plants lifted by the rollers 12 are conveyed to the movable and static cutter combination through the clearance between the two rollers 12, and the movable cutter 21 reciprocates relative to the static cutter 22 to realize secondary crushing and cutting.
As shown in fig. 9-11, the track frame 26 includes a mounting plate 261, two arc 262 plates and a strip 263 disposed on the mounting plate 261, wherein the strip 263 has a strip structure with two arc ends, a plurality of cylindrical rods 264 are uniformly spaced on the strip 263, the distance between adjacent cylindrical rods 264 is matched with the teeth of a gear 281 on the gear shaft 28, the gear 281 is ensured to cooperatively drive with the cylindrical rods 264, the two arc 262 are symmetrically disposed at two ends of the arc surface of the strip 263, and form an arc track 265 with the strip 263, and the arc track forms a running track of the gear 281 together with the linear tracks at two sides of the strip 262; the gear 281 is also provided with a guide shaft which is connected with the arc-shaped rail 265 in a matching way at the end opposite to the arc-shaped rail 265, and when the gear 281 rotates, the running rail on the rail frame 26 runs along the gear 281.
The cutting connecting shaft 73 is parallel to the gear shaft 28, is provided with a bevel gear, and is meshed with bevel gears arranged at two output shaft ends in the gearbox 7. The movable cutting knife and the static cutting knife are combined into an existing structure, the movable cutting knife comprises a plurality of groups of movable cutting knives 21 and static cutting knives 22, the movable cutting knives 21 are arranged on a connecting frame 29 of the movable cutting knives, a gear shaft 28 connected with the movable cutting knives is driven to rotate through a cutting connecting shaft 73, a track frame 26 connected with a gear 281 on the movable cutting knives in a matched mode is driven to rotate around the gear 281, and a reciprocating frame 27 and the connecting frame 29 connected with the track frame are driven to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knives 22, so that cutting operation is completed.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the crushing device 4 is a rocker-driven crushing device: the grinding mechanism comprises a plurality of grinding mechanisms consisting of front cutter assemblies and rear cutter assemblies, front cutters 402 and rear cutters 401 of the front cutter assemblies and the rear cutter assemblies of the adjacent grinding mechanisms are arranged in a staggered and overlapped mode, a driving sliding plate 404 of each front cutter assembly and each rear cutter assembly is connected to a grinding transmission shaft 411 through a transmission belt 408, a left transmission box 72 of the transmission device is connected to the driving sliding plate 404 through the grinding transmission shaft 411, a driven sliding plate 403 is coaxially arranged with the driving sliding plate 404, one end of a rocker of the front cutter 402 is connected to the driving sliding plate 404, one end of a rocker of the rear cutter 401 is connected to the driven sliding plate 403, the other ends of two rockers 406 are respectively connected to swing arms 405 of the front cutter 402 or the rear cutter 401, one end of each swing arm 405 is respectively provided with the front cutter 402 or the rear cutter 401, and the other end of each swing arm 405 is respectively connected to the end of a fixed shaft 409 arranged on the machine frame 3.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the driving belt 408 is a belt, a gear meshed with the left transmission box 72 is mounted on the crushing transmission shaft 411, a plurality of belt pulleys 410 are arranged on the crushing transmission shaft 411 corresponding to the driving sliding discs 44, and the driving sliding discs 44 are connected with the belt pulleys through the belt 408; the upper belt pulley 410 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the crushing transmission shaft 411, the driving slide plate 404 and the driven slide plate 403 are driven to rotate through the belt 408, the rocker 406 connected with the driving slide plate 404 and the driven slide plate 403 is driven to rotate, the swing arm 405 connected with the rocker 406 swings up and down around the fixed shaft 409, and the front pressing knife 402 and the rear pressing knife 401 swing up and down, so that the purpose of cutting and crushing is realized. At any station, the rockers of the front presser 42 and the rear presser 401 are arranged at 180 degrees.
As shown in fig. 14-15, the soil turning device 5 includes two symmetrically arranged track boards 51 with guide rails 52, a cross rotating frame 53 and a plurality of soil turning components 54, the two track boards 51 are connected with the cross rotating frame 53 through rotating shafts, cross ends between the two cross rotating frames 53 are connected with cranks 55, the cranks 55 are further provided with rollers 541 rotating along the guide rails 52, each crank 55 is provided with a plurality of soil turning components 54, the soil turning components 54 on adjacent cranks 55 are staggered, and the cross rotating frame 53 rotates and drives the cranks 55 to run along the guide rails 52 to drive the soil turning components 54 thereon to turn soil.
16-17, the soil turning assembly 54 includes a mounting seat 542, a connecting arm 543, a fixed housing 544, a soil turning shovel 548 and a reset mechanism, one end of the connecting arm 543 is connected with the mounting seat 542, the other end is connected in the fixed housing 544 of the soil turning shovel 548 through an elastic reset mechanism, the soil turning shovel 548 is connected to the outer end face of the fixed housing 544, the mounting angle alpha between the soil turning shovel 548 and the fixed housing 544 is 90-95 degrees, the width W of the soil entering end of the soil turning shovel 548 is 265-255 mm, and the length L is 100-110 mm. The soil turning shovel 548 of the soil turning device 5 has a penetration depth of about 60mm and a covering rate of about eighty percent.
The elastic reset mechanism comprises a positioning rod 546, a reset spring 545 and a fixing nut 547, one end of the positioning rod 546 is connected to the end of the connecting arm 543, the connecting arm 543 is sleeved with the reset spring 545, the positioning rod 546 is disposed in the fixing housing 544, and the other end of the positioning rod 546 extends out of the fixing housing 544 and is fixedly connected through the fixing nut 547. When the turning shovel 548 encounters a stone or a tree root during rotation, the return spring 545 is compressed, the turning shovel 548 is retracted to avoid the stone, chipping of the cutting edge of the turning shovel 548 is prevented, and then the return spring 545 is reset, and the turning shovel 548 is restored to the original position.
The section of the crank 55 is of a T-shaped structure, two ends of the top of the T-shaped structure are respectively connected with a cross rotating frame 53 and a roller 541 rotating along a guide rail 52, and the bottom end of the T-shaped structure is connected with a plurality of mounting seats 542 of the soil turning assembly 54; the mounting seats 542 connected to the adjacent cranks 55 are staggered to ensure that the soil turned over by the soil turning assembly 54 is not missed when the soil is turned over. The guide rail 52 on the rail plate 51 is an arc-shaped rail, the stations of the soil entering c, the soil shoveling b and the soil lifting a are defined as semi-circles, the return station d between the soil lifting a and the soil entering c is a straight rail, and arc transition is formed between the straight rail and the circular rail; ensuring quick return of the soil turning assembly 54.
As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the transmission device of the present invention comprises a gearbox 7, a right gearbox 71 and a left gearbox 72, wherein output shafts at two ends of the gearbox 7 are respectively connected with the left gearbox 72 and the right gearbox 71, the left gearbox 71 is connected with a turning rotating shaft 56, the left gearbox 72 is connected with a crushing transmission shaft 411, one end of the crushing transmission shaft 411 is provided with a bevel gear 74, the bevel gear is meshed with a bevel gear on a lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 of a lifting transmission mechanism 16, a cutting connecting shaft 73 is arranged between output shafts at two ends of the gearbox 7, and the cutting connecting shaft 73 is connected with a movable cutter connecting frame 29 of the cutting device 2. Wherein the right transmission case 71 is composed of a belt and a belt pulley arranged on the output shaft of the gearbox 7 and the turnover rotating shaft 56; the left gear box 72 is constituted by intermeshing gears provided on the output shaft of the gearbox 7 and the reduction drive shaft 411.
As shown in fig. 4, the compacting device 8 comprises a compacting wheel 87 and a scraping mechanism, the scraping mechanism comprises a scraping plate 86, a gear arm 85, a transmission gear 84, a driving gear 83, a handle 82 and a shell 81, the compacting wheel 87 is installed at the rear end of the frame through a mounting frame, two ends of the scraping plate 86 are rotatably connected to the mounting frame of the compacting wheel 87 through the gear arm 85, the other end of the gear arm 85 is provided with gear teeth, the gear arm is meshed with the transmission gear 84 installed on the frame 3, the transmission gear 84 is meshed with the driving gear 83 installed on the frame 1, the driving gear 83 is provided with the handle 81, and the installation distance between the scraping plate 86 and the compacting wheel 87 is adjusted through shaking the handle 81. The field work is adjusted before according to actual conditions, and in the working process, the driving gear 83 drives the transmission gear 84 to rotate, so that gear teeth on the gear arm 85 are driven to be meshed with the transmission gear, the gear arm 85 is driven to run by a random device to swing, and the scraper 86 connected with the transmission gear, which is driven to micro-move relative to the pressing wheel 87, is realized.
The working process of the invention comprises the following steps:
when the invention works, the tractor is connected with the hanging frame 6, the power of the tractor is connected with the transmission box 7, the transmission box 7 is composed of two symmetrically arranged bevel gears and bevel gears which are connected on the cutting connecting shaft 73 and meshed with the two symmetrical bevel gears for transmission, the left transmission box 71, the right transmission box 72 and the cutting connecting shaft 73 are respectively driven to drive the supporting transmission mechanism 16 connected with the left transmission box 71, the turnover rotating shaft 56 connected with the right transmission box 72 and the reciprocating driving device connected with the cutting connecting shaft 73 to move by the transmission of the transmission box 7, so that the idler wheel 12 of the supporting device rotates, the knife 14 on the idler wheel shaft works to finish one-time cutting; the running rail of the reciprocating driving device rotates along a gear 281 on a gear shaft 28 to drive a reciprocating frame 27 connected with the reciprocating frame, a movable cutter connecting frame 29 fixed with the reciprocating frame and the movable cutter 21 to reciprocate relative to a static cutter 22, and the movable cutter 21 and the static cutter 22 realize secondary cutting and crushing after being conveyed to green plants of the cutting device 2 through the roller 12; the crushing transmission shaft 411 is provided with a gear arranged in the left transmission box 71, is meshed with a gear arranged on the output shaft of the transmission box 7, and the transmission box 7 rotates to drive the crushing transmission shaft 411 to rotate, so as to drive the driving sliding disc 44, the driven sliding disc 43 and a rocker thereon which are in transmission connection with the crushing transmission shaft to rotate, and drive the front pressing cutter 42 and the rear pressing cutter 41 which are connected with a swing arm connected with the rocker to alternately work, thereby realizing three crushing; the front and the rear pressing cutters are overlapped in the horizontal direction, so that the green planting is prevented from being missed. The right transmission box 72 drives the soil turning shaft 56 to rotate, and drives the cross rotating frame 53 which is matched and connected with the track plate 51 to rotate, so that a plurality of soil turning assemblies 54 arranged on a crank 55 on the cross rotating frame 53 are driven to perform soil turning action, and four times of crushing and cutting are performed on green plants while soil turning, so that the effect of 'multi-channel crushing' is realized, and crushed green manure and soil can be effectively mixed.
Example 2: this example differs from example 1 in that: the blades of the knife 14 installed on the lifting device 1 in this example are arc-shaped bent blades 141, the knives on each group of rollers are symmetrically arranged in a staggered way up and down, 13-16mm away from the ground surface, the cutting edges of the knife blades extending out of the working front end are oppositely arranged, and when the rollers rotate, the knife blades extending out of the working front end on the two rollers rotate in opposite directions.
As shown in fig. 18, the arc length L1 of the arc-shaped bent blade 141 is 34-36mm; the overall length L2 of bent blade 141 is 43-46mm. The arc-shaped bent blade 141 is similar to a sickle in structure, and can achieve the effect of hooking grass and accelerate the speed of cutting off plant stalks. The hollow roller can reduce the loss of chain transmission and prevent the elastic sliding block from being inoperable due to the overweight roller.
Claims (8)
1. A green manure smashing and turning machine is characterized in that: comprises a frame, a lifting device, a cutting device, a crushing device, a turnover device, a compacting device and a transmission device which are arranged on the frame;
the lifting device is arranged at the front end of the work, the grounding end of the lifting device is provided with a knife, the creeping green plants are lifted and cut off and then are conveyed to the cutting device, and the lifting device is connected with the transmission device through the lifting transmission mechanism;
the cutting device is arranged on the frame, is arranged behind the lifting device, and is provided with a movable cutter and a static cutter which are alternately arranged, and the movable cutter is connected with the transmission device through the reciprocating driving device to drive the movable cutter to reciprocate relative to the static cutter so as to realize two crushing and cutting;
the crushing device is arranged on the frame, is arranged behind the cutting device, and is connected with the transmission device through the crushing transmission shaft to drive the front and rear crushing cutters to swing alternately, so as to crush the green plants after the two crushing and cutting for three times;
the turnover device is arranged on the frame and is arranged behind the crushing device, and the turnover shaft of the turnover device is connected with the transmission device to drive the upper turnover assembly of the turnover device to realize the actions of turning soil and crushing four times;
the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame and used for compacting the crushed green plants;
the transmission device is respectively connected with the lifting device, the cutting device, the crushing device and the turnover device and drives the devices to operate;
the crushing device is a rocker transmission crushing device: the grinding mechanism comprises a plurality of grinding mechanisms which are composed of front cutter assemblies and rear cutter assemblies, wherein the front cutters and the rear cutters of the front cutter assemblies and the rear cutter assemblies of the adjacent grinding mechanisms are overlapped in a staggered way, a driving sliding disc of each front cutter assembly and each rear cutter assembly is connected to a grinding transmission shaft through a transmission belt, a left transmission box of the transmission device is connected through the grinding transmission shaft, a driven sliding disc is coaxially arranged with the driving sliding disc, the driving sliding disc is connected with one end of a rocker of the front cutter, the driven sliding disc is connected with one end of a rocker of the rear cutter, the other ends of the two rockers are respectively connected with a swing arm of the front cutter or the rear cutter, one end of the swing arm is respectively provided with the front cutter or the rear cutter, and the other ends of the swing arm are respectively connected with the end part of a fixed shaft arranged on a frame;
the turning device comprises two symmetrically arranged track plates with guide rails, a cross rotating frame and a plurality of soil turning components, wherein the two track plates are connected with the cross rotating frame through rotating shafts, cross ends between the two cross rotating frames are connected with cranks, idler wheels rotating along the guide rails are further arranged on the cranks, a plurality of soil turning components are arranged on each crank, the soil turning components on the adjacent cranks are arranged in a staggered mode, and the cross rotating frame rotates to drive the cranks to run along the guide rails and drive the soil turning components on the cross rotating frame to turn soil.
2. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the lifting device comprises a lifting frame, a plurality of groups of rollers, a driving chain wheel, a lifting driving mechanism and a knife, wherein the plurality of groups of rollers are arranged in the lifting frame in parallel, each group of rollers consists of two rollers rotating in opposite directions, two ends of each roller shaft are connected to the frame through elastic sliding mechanisms, the driving chain wheel is arranged above each roller shaft, the lifting driving mechanism is connected with a left driving box of the driving device, a driving chain of the lifting driving mechanism is connected with each driving chain wheel and a lifting output chain wheel for driving, and the knife is arranged at the grounding end of each roller shaft.
3. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 2, wherein: the elastic sliding mechanism comprises two fixing seats, a plurality of reset springs, a connecting piece and two sliding blocks, wherein spring rods are arranged at two ends of the connecting piece, the sliding blocks and the fixing seats are symmetrically arranged on the spring rods at two sides of the connecting piece, the reset springs are sleeved on the spring rods between the connecting piece and the sliding block and between the sliding blocks and the fixing seats, the connecting piece is connected to a supporting frame through the fixing seats, a roller shaft is arranged in a mounting hole of the sliding block, and the sliding block connected with the roller shaft slides along the spring rods through the elastic force of the reset springs.
4. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting device comprises a movable cutter combination, a static cutter combination and a reciprocating driving device, wherein the reciprocating driving device comprises a cutting connecting shaft, an upper belt pulley, a lower belt pulley, a gear shaft, a track frame and a reciprocating frame, the cutting connecting shaft is connected with a gearbox, the upper belt pulley is arranged on the cutting connecting shaft, the gear shaft is parallel to the cutting connecting shaft, one end of the gear shaft is connected with the lower belt pulley, a belt is connected between the upper belt pulley and the lower belt pulley, a gear is arranged at the other end of the gear shaft, the gear is matched and connected with the track frame, the track frame is arranged in the reciprocating frame, the reciprocating frame is close to the ground end and is connected with a connecting frame of the movable cutter, and the movable cutter is driven to reciprocate relative to the static cutter, so that cutting is realized.
5. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 4, wherein: the track frame comprises a mounting plate, two arc-shaped plates and a strip-shaped plate, wherein the two arc-shaped plates and the strip-shaped plate are arranged on the mounting plate, the strip-shaped plate is of a strip-shaped structure with two arc-shaped ends, a plurality of cylindrical rods are uniformly arranged on the strip-shaped plate at intervals, the distance between every two adjacent cylindrical rods is matched with gear teeth on a gear shaft, the gear is ensured to be matched with the cylindrical rods for transmission, the two arc-shaped plates are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the arc-shaped surface of the strip-shaped plate, an arc-shaped track is formed between the two arc-shaped plates and the strip-shaped plate, and the arc-shaped plates and the linear tracks on two sides of the strip-shaped plate form a running track of the gear; the gear is provided with a guide shaft which is connected with the arc-shaped track in a matched manner, and when the gear rotates, the running track on the track frame runs along the gear.
6. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the soil turning assembly comprises a mounting seat, a connecting arm, a fixed shell, a soil turning shovel and a reset mechanism, wherein one end of the connecting arm is connected with the mounting seat, the other end of the connecting arm is connected in the fixed shell of the soil turning shovel through the reset mechanism, the soil turning shovel is connected to the outer end face of the fixed shell, the mounting angle alpha between the soil turning shovel and the fixed shell is 90-95 degrees, the width W of the soil turning shovel entering end is 128-130 mm, and the length L is 78-80.
7. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 6, wherein: the reset mechanism comprises a positioning rod, a reset spring, a fixed shell and a fixing nut, wherein one end of the positioning rod is connected to the end part of the connecting arm, the reset spring is sleeved on the positioning rod and arranged in the fixed shell, and the other end of the positioning rod extends out of the fixed shell and is fixedly connected through the fixing nut.
8. The green manure pulverizing and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the compacting device comprises a compacting wheel and a scraping mechanism, the scraping mechanism comprises a scraping plate, a gear arm, a transmission gear, a driving gear, a handle and a shell, the compacting wheel is installed at the rear end of a frame through an installation frame, two ends of the scraping plate are connected to the installation frame of the compacting wheel through the rotation of the gear arm, the other end of the gear arm is provided with gear teeth, the gear arm is meshed with the transmission gear installed on the frame for transmission, the transmission gear is meshed with the driving gear installed on the frame for transmission, the driving gear is provided with the handle, and the installation distance between the scraping plate and the compacting wheel is adjusted through the shaking handle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810945920.9A CN108990525B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Green manure crushing and turning machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810945920.9A CN108990525B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Green manure crushing and turning machine |
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| CN108990525A CN108990525A (en) | 2018-12-14 |
| CN108990525B true CN108990525B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111848252A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-30 | 安徽信福乡田生态农业有限公司 | Astragalus sinicus turning and pressing tool and method |
| CN111837610A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-10-30 | 塔里木大学 | Intelligent orchard green manure smashing, feeding and turning-over machine |
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