CN108952639B - Method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoir by combining gas replacement and vibration field - Google Patents
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- E21B43/003—Vibrating earth formations
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏的方法，包括：（1）在天然气水合物储层部署CO2介质注入井、天然气生产井；（2）开采出部分游离气，将水合物储层压力降到3‑5MPa；（3）将振动发生器放入水合物储层，往储层中注入CO2介质实现CO2对水合物中天然气的置换；（4）连续或间歇开启振动发生器，利用振动波促进CO2在沉积层中的扩散；（5）当储层的游离气中CO2浓度不变或变化很慢时，提高振动发生器工作负荷，利用振动波能量让CO2‑天然气水合物混合储层和水合物储层产生裂缝；（6）当储层的游离气中CO2浓度低于30 mol%时，进行天然气生产。本发明能提高CO2介质置换开采天然气水合物的效率和速率，同时保持储层稳定性，具有广阔应用前景。
The invention discloses a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas replacement and vibration field, comprising: (1) deploying CO2 medium injection wells and natural gas production wells in the natural gas hydrate reservoirs; (2) exploiting part of free gas , reduce the pressure of the hydrate reservoir to 3-5MPa; (3) put the vibration generator into the hydrate reservoir, and inject CO2 medium into the reservoir to realize the replacement of natural gas in the hydrate by CO2 ; (4) continuous Or intermittently turn on the vibration generator, and use vibration waves to promote the diffusion of CO 2 in the sedimentary layer; (5) When the concentration of CO 2 in the free gas of the reservoir does not change or changes very slowly, increase the workload of the vibration generator and use vibration The wave energy causes fractures in the CO 2 ‑ gas hydrate mixed reservoir and the hydrate reservoir; (6) When the CO 2 concentration in the free gas in the reservoir is lower than 30 mol%, natural gas production is performed. The invention can improve the efficiency and rate of CO 2 medium replacement to exploit natural gas hydrate, while maintaining the stability of the reservoir, and has broad application prospects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及海洋天然气水合物开发领域开采天然气水合物藏的方法，特别是涉及一种联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏的方法。The invention relates to a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the field of marine natural gas hydrate development, in particular to a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas replacement and vibration field.
背景技术Background technique
天然气水合物由于其巨大的储量被认为是本世纪重要的替代能源之一。据统计，全球有利于天然气水合物生成和分布的陆地地域占全球陆地总面积的27%，海洋地域占全球海洋总面积的90%。目前已探明的水合物藏中天然气储量达到了2*1016 m3，其有机碳含量是传统常规化石能源（煤、石油和天然气）总和的2倍。如何实现天然气水合物藏的有效开采是目前的研究热点。Gas hydrate is considered to be one of the important alternative energy sources in this century due to its huge reserves. According to statistics, the global land area favorable for the formation and distribution of natural gas hydrate accounts for 27% of the global land area, and the ocean area accounts for 90% of the global ocean area. The proven natural gas reserves in hydrate reservoirs have reached 2*10 16 m 3 , and its organic carbon content is twice that of the sum of traditional conventional fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas). How to realize the effective exploitation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs is the current research hotspot.
现有的已报道天然气水合物藏开采方法主要有降压法、注热法、注抑制剂法、气体置换法和固体流化开发法等。由于天然气水合物藏储存环境的特殊性（埋存浅、储层胶结性不牢固、渗透率低等），目前没有哪一种技术实现了大规模工业化应用。CO2置换法由于能同时开采天然气和埋藏CO2、且保持了水合物储层的稳定性被认为最安全、环保和具有很好的实际应用前景。CO2置换法开采天然气水合物原理是利用CO2水合物稳定条件优于天然气水合物稳定条件，通过将温度和压力控制在CO2水合物稳定区而天然气水合物不稳定区范围内，向地层中注入CO2，CO2就可以置换出水合物笼中的CH4。目前已有大量CO2置换开采天然气水合物的室内研究报道。研究者进一步发现当采用液体CO2和CO2乳液作为注入介质时，开采效率会一定程度提高。但整体来说，目前已报道的研究结果表明，CO2介质置换开采天然气水合物的效率和速率离实际工业应用需求还差很远。其主要原因是天然气水合物储层渗透性非常差，同时开采初期在外围生成的CO2-天然气混合水合物会进一步阻碍CO2在储层中的渗流能力，从而导致了低的天然气置换开采速率和效率。Existing reported gas hydrate reservoir development methods mainly include pressure reduction method, heat injection method, inhibitor injection method, gas replacement method and solid fluidization development method. Due to the particularity of the storage environment of natural gas hydrate reservoirs (shallow storage, weak reservoir cementation, low permeability, etc.), no technology has achieved large-scale industrial application at present. The CO 2 replacement method is considered to be the safest, environmentally friendly and has a good practical application prospect because it can simultaneously exploit natural gas and bury CO 2 and maintain the stability of the hydrate reservoir. The principle of CO 2 replacement method to exploit natural gas hydrate is to use the stable condition of CO 2 hydrate to be better than the stable condition of natural gas hydrate. When CO 2 is injected into the hydrate cage, CO 2 can replace CH 4 in the hydrate cage. At present, there have been a large number of indoor research reports on CO2 replacement to extract natural gas hydrate. The researchers further found that when liquid CO 2 and CO 2 emulsion were used as injection media, the recovery efficiency was improved to a certain extent. On the whole, however, the reported research results show that the efficiency and rate of CO2 medium replacement for gas hydrate extraction are far from the actual industrial application requirements. The main reason is that the permeability of natural gas hydrate reservoirs is very poor, and the CO 2 -natural gas mixed hydrate generated in the periphery at the early stage of production will further hinder the seepage ability of CO 2 in the reservoir, resulting in a low natural gas replacement recovery rate. and efficiency.
提高储层渗流能力在传统油气藏开发中非常常见，振动采油是其中的一种。振动采油的一个主要机理是利用振动波作用在油气藏中产生新裂缝来提高储层的渗透率而提高流体的渗流能力和采收率。Improving reservoir seepage capacity is very common in traditional oil and gas reservoir development, and vibratory oil recovery is one of them. One of the main mechanisms of vibratory oil recovery is to use vibration waves to generate new fractures in oil and gas reservoirs to improve the permeability of the reservoir and improve the seepage capacity and recovery of fluids.
可以看出，有效提高CO2介质置换开采天然气水合物的效率和速率，对促进该项技术的实际应用和实现天然气水合物藏的安全、高效开采均具有非常重要的意义，将CO2置换和振动场技术联合起来能实现这种目的。It can be seen that effectively improving the efficiency and rate of gas hydrate production by CO 2 medium replacement is of great significance to promoting the practical application of this technology and realizing the safe and efficient production of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. Vibration field technologies combine to achieve this.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏的方法，该方法通过先部分降压开采出水合物藏中的部分游离气，再往水合物储层中注入CO2介质和置入振动发生器，利用振动波促进CO2和产出天然气在水合物藏中的渗流能力，提高置换开采效率、速率和距离。本发明具有经济、环保和安全的特点，开采天然气的同时埋藏了CO2，解决了常规CO2置换开采速率和效率低的问题，且在开采过程中让储层保持了较高压力，没有完全破坏水合物-岩石颗粒之间的胶结状态，有效保护了储层的稳定性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas replacement and vibration field. The method utilizes partial depressurization to exploit part of the free gas in the hydrate reservoirs, and then injects CO 2 into the hydrate reservoirs. The medium and the built-in vibration generator use the vibration wave to promote the seepage ability of CO2 and produced natural gas in the hydrate reservoir, and improve the replacement extraction efficiency, rate and distance. The invention has the characteristics of economy, environmental protection and safety, and buries CO 2 while exploiting natural gas, solves the problems of low rate and efficiency of conventional CO 2 replacement exploitation, and keeps the reservoir at a relatively high pressure during the exploitation process, and does not completely Destroy the cementation state between hydrate-rock particles and effectively protect the stability of the reservoir.
为达到以上技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案。In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏的方法，依次包括以下步骤：A method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas replacement and vibration field, comprising the following steps in sequence:
（1）在天然气水合物储层部署CO2介质注入井、天然气生产井；(1) Deploy CO2 medium injection wells and natural gas production wells in natural gas hydrate reservoirs;
（2）从天然气生产井开采出部分游离气，将水合物储层的压力降到3-5MPa；(2) Part of the free gas is extracted from the natural gas production well, and the pressure of the hydrate reservoir is reduced to 3-5MPa;
（3）从CO2介质注入井将振动发生器放入水合物储层中，然后往储层中注入CO2介质实现CO2对水合物中天然气的置换，CO2介质的注入压力为4-8MPa；(3) Put the vibration generator into the hydrate reservoir from the CO 2 medium injection well, and then inject the CO 2 medium into the reservoir to realize the replacement of the natural gas in the hydrate by CO 2. The injection pressure of the CO 2 medium is 4- 8MPa;
（4）置换开采期间，连续或间歇开启振动发生器，利用振动波弱化水合物晶体之间、晶体与固体沉积物之间的胶结作用，促进CO2在沉积层中的扩散，提高CO2置换开采水合物的效率和速率；(4) During replacement mining, the vibration generator is turned on continuously or intermittently, and the vibration wave is used to weaken the cementation between hydrate crystals and between crystals and solid sediments, promote the diffusion of CO 2 in the sedimentary layer, and improve the replacement of CO 2 Efficiency and rate of hydrate extraction;
（5）当储层的游离气中CO2浓度不变或变化很慢时，进一步提高振动发生器工作负荷，利用振动波能量让已生成的CO2-天然气水合物混合储层和未被置换的水合物储层产生裂缝，为CO2进一步置换开采天然气水合物提供渗流通道；(5) When the concentration of CO 2 in the free gas of the reservoir is constant or changes very slowly, the working load of the vibration generator is further increased, and the vibration wave energy is used to make the generated CO 2 -gas hydrate mixed in the reservoir and not replaced. Fractures are generated in the hydrate reservoirs, providing seepage channels for further CO2 replacement and exploitation of natural gas hydrates;
（6）当储层的游离气中CO2浓度低于30 mol%时，进行天然气的生产，天然气的采出压力应大于水合物储层温度下CO2水合物的相平衡压力，小于水合物储层温度下甲烷水合物的相平衡压力。(6) When the concentration of CO 2 in the free gas in the reservoir is lower than 30 mol%, the production of natural gas should be carried out. The production pressure of natural gas should be greater than the phase equilibrium pressure of CO 2 hydrate at the temperature of the hydrate reservoir, and less than that of the hydrate. Phase equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate at reservoir temperature.
所述CO2介质为纯CO2气体、含CO2混合气、液态CO2、CO2乳液中的一种或几种混合物；其中含CO2混合气包括烟道气、整体煤气化联合循环发电系统（IGCC）混合气等。The CO 2 medium is one or several mixtures of pure CO 2 gas, mixed gas containing CO 2 , liquid CO 2 , and CO 2 emulsion; wherein the mixed gas containing CO 2 includes flue gas, integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation System (IGCC) gas mixture, etc.
所述振动发生器安放于密封、高压的钢釜中，避免与海水直接接触。The vibration generator is placed in a sealed, high-pressure steel kettle to avoid direct contact with seawater.
所述振动发生器为变频振动器，可根据需要调节振动频率大小，其振动频率范围为5-100 Hz，优选频率范围为20-40 HZ。The vibration generator is a frequency conversion vibrator, and the vibration frequency can be adjusted according to needs. The vibration frequency range is 5-100 Hz, and the preferred frequency range is 20-40 HZ.
所述振动发生器放置井与CO2介质注入井可共用，也可分开打井。优选地，共用一口井。The vibration generator placement well and the CO2 medium injection well can be shared, or wells can be drilled separately. Preferably, one well is shared.
所述CO2介质注入井与天然气生产井，可分开打井实现天然气连续开采，也可共用实现天然气间歇开采。优选地，分开打井，注入井和生产井间隔分布。The CO2 medium injection well and the natural gas production well can be drilled separately to realize the continuous exploitation of natural gas, and can also be shared to realize the intermittent exploitation of natural gas. Preferably, the wells are drilled separately, and the injection wells and the production wells are spaced apart.
所述CO2介质注入井与天然气生产井可以为直井，也可以为水平井。The CO2 medium injection well and the natural gas production well can be vertical wells or horizontal wells.
本发明将CO2置换开采天然气和振动技术有效结合起来，利用振动波作用有效提高天然气水合物储层中流体的渗流能力，从而提高CO2置换开采天然气水合物的速率和效率。本方法适用于不同储层环境下的冻土带、海洋天然气水合物藏的开采应用，对促进气体置换法开采天然气水合物技术应用和实现天然气水合物藏安全、有效开采具有重要意义，同时达到了封存CO2，保护环境的目的。The invention effectively combines CO 2 replacement to exploit natural gas and vibration technology, utilizes the action of vibration wave to effectively improve the seepage capability of fluid in the natural gas hydrate reservoir, thereby improving the rate and efficiency of CO 2 replacement to exploit natural gas hydrate. This method is suitable for the exploitation and application of permafrost and marine gas hydrate reservoirs in different reservoir environments. It is of great significance for promoting the application of gas replacement technology for gas hydrate exploitation and realizing safe and effective exploitation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. For the purpose of sequestering CO 2 and protecting the environment.
本发明能显著提高CO2介质置换开采天然气水合物的效率和速率，同时又保持了常规CO2置换开采所体现出的其余所有优点（保持储层稳定性、CO2填埋等），具有广阔应用前景。The present invention can significantly improve the efficiency and rate of CO 2 medium replacement to exploit natural gas hydrate, while maintaining all the other advantages (maintaining reservoir stability, CO 2 landfill , etc.) application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏方法的流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas displacement and vibration field.
图2是振动发生器的位置示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of the vibration generator.
图3是40Hz频率下振动作用前后水合物储层渗透率变化图。Fig. 3 is a graph showing the change of permeability of hydrate reservoirs before and after vibration at a frequency of 40 Hz.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现结合附图和实施例进一步说明本发明。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种联合气体置换和振动场开采天然气水合物藏的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A method for exploiting natural gas hydrate reservoirs by combining gas replacement and vibration field, specifically comprising the following steps:
如图1，在天然气水合物储层布置CO2介质注入井和天然气生产井。如果储层存在游离气，首先通过生产井开采出部分游离气将水合物储层的压力降到3-5MPa。然后从CO2介质注入井往储层中放入振动发生器。As shown in Figure 1, CO2 medium injection wells and natural gas production wells are arranged in the gas hydrate reservoir. If there is free gas in the reservoir, the pressure of the hydrate reservoir is reduced to 3-5MPa by first producing part of the free gas through the production well. Vibration generators are then placed into the reservoir from the CO2 medium injection well.
如图2，所述振动发生器位于高压、密封的钢釜中，振动发生器通过引线与外部的变频控制箱相连，高压钢釜的高压外壳用来避免振动发生器与海水直接接触而损坏。As shown in Figure 2, the vibration generator is located in a high-pressure, sealed steel kettle, the vibration generator is connected to an external frequency conversion control box through a lead wire, and the high-pressure shell of the high-pressure steel kettle is used to prevent the vibration generator from being damaged by direct contact with seawater.
随后以4-8MPa的注入压力注入CO2介质。当CO2介质注入井与天然气生产井为不同井时，CO2注入过程可同时从生产井开采天然气，当采出天然气中CO2浓度达到30%或更高时关闭天然气生产井进行闷井作业。闷井过程连续或间歇开启振动发生器，定时分析储层中的游离气中CO2浓度：当CO2浓度低于30%且随时间变化很小时，可对游离气进行开采并重新注入新鲜的CO2介质；当CO2浓度高于30%且随时间变化很小时，提高振动发生器的工作频率，让新生成的CO2-天然气水合物混合储层与天然气水合物储层产生裂缝（见图1），扩大CO2介质在水合物中的波及范围，提高CO2的置换效率和速率。The CO2 medium was subsequently injected at an injection pressure of 4-8 MPa. When the CO 2 medium injection well and the natural gas production well are different wells, the CO 2 injection process can extract natural gas from the production well at the same time, and when the CO 2 concentration in the produced natural gas reaches 30% or higher, the natural gas production well is closed for boring operations. . The vibration generator is turned on continuously or intermittently during the boring process, and the CO 2 concentration in the free gas in the reservoir is analyzed regularly: when the CO 2 concentration is lower than 30% and the change with time is small, the free gas can be recovered and re-injected with fresh CO 2 medium; when the CO 2 concentration is higher than 30% and the change with time is small, increase the operating frequency of the vibration generator, so that the newly generated CO 2 -gas hydrate mixed reservoir and gas hydrate reservoir will produce fractures (see Figure 1), expand the sweeping range of CO2 medium in the hydrate, and improve the CO2 replacement efficiency and rate.
天然气的采出压力应大于水合物储层温度下CO2水合物的相平衡压力，小于水合物储层温度下甲烷水合物的相平衡压力。The production pressure of natural gas should be greater than the phase equilibrium pressure of CO2 hydrate at the hydrate reservoir temperature, and less than the phase equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate at the hydrate reservoir temperature.
本发明的一个突出点是改善水合物储层的渗透性，提高CO2的波及范围和置换效率和速率。如图3，饱和了天然气水合物的水合物-石英砂胶结物在振动发生器作用下，当振动频率为40 Hz时，储层的渗透率从0.0065mD显著提高到了5.821mD，CO2介质在储层中的扩散能力、扩散距离会显著增强，同时天然气的产出能力也会有效提高。One of the outstanding points of the present invention is to improve the permeability of hydrate reservoirs, improve the sweeping range and replacement efficiency and rate of CO2 . As shown in Figure 3, when the hydrate-quartz sand cement saturated with natural gas hydrate is under the action of the vibration generator, when the vibration frequency is 40 Hz, the permeability of the reservoir is significantly increased from 0.0065mD to 5.821mD, and the CO 2 medium is at 40 Hz. The diffusion capacity and diffusion distance in the reservoir will be significantly enhanced, and the natural gas production capacity will also be effectively improved.
以上实施例说明，本发明能够显著强化CO2置换开采天然气水合物过程的速度和效率，符合我国的碳减排和封存以及未来大规模开采天然气水合物资源的长远目标。The above examples illustrate that the present invention can significantly enhance the speed and efficiency of CO 2 replacement and exploitation of natural gas hydrate, which is in line with China's long-term goals of carbon emission reduction and storage and future large-scale exploitation of natural gas hydrate resources.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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