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CN108935938A - 促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料 - Google Patents

促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料 Download PDF

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CN108935938A
CN108935938A CN201810873027.XA CN201810873027A CN108935938A CN 108935938 A CN108935938 A CN 108935938A CN 201810873027 A CN201810873027 A CN 201810873027A CN 108935938 A CN108935938 A CN 108935938A
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许飞
韦玉
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Hefei River Duo Bao Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:米糠粉40~50份、鱼肉粉4~8份、燕麦粉20~30份、豆粕10~20份、啤酒槽10~20份、动物内脏粉15~25份、大豆卵磷脂1~3份、胆汁酸0.5~1.5份、沸石粉4~8份、微量元素0.2~0.8份以及饲料添加剂0.5~1.5份;其中,饲料添加剂主要由白术、枸杞、茶叶、茴香、当归、甘蓝、石斛及蝇蛆经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵得到。该饲料能够具有提高免疫力、增加肠道有益微菌数量,促进龙虾脱皮,大大降低蜕壳期小龙虾死亡率。

Description

促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料
技术领域
本发明属于肥料技术领域,具体涉及一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料。
背景技术
淡水小龙虾是典型的杂食性的动物。它既吃青草、水草,又吃谷物饲料和动物饲料。采取人工繁殖水生物、小动物以及种植水生植物等纯天然有机饲料喂养,比购买的商品饲料适口性好,营养丰富,新鲜味美,完全可以不用购买配合饲料。既可避免因商品饲料的激素等有害成份超标,保证商品龙虾绿色无公害,又可以使每年节省大笔的饲料投资。
由于小龙虾的组织生长是在蜕皮后进行的,每次蜕皮后的吸水膨大是体积增大的主要过程,随后是组织生长的过程。影响小龙虾蜕皮次数(或频率)的主要内源性因素为体内的蜕皮激素(MIH)水平,小龙虾可利用食物中的胆固醇合成蜕皮酮,由于小龙虾不能合成胆固醇,只能从食物中获取胆固醇。另外,人工养殖为加快小龙虾的生长和变态的速度,缩短养殖周期,通常在饲料中添加促蜕皮激素和抗生素等药物。这样不仅使小龙虾残留激素和抗生素进而危害消费者,也破坏虾体自身免疫系统,也给水体环境造成污染。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提出一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,该饲料能够具有提高免疫力、增加肠道有益微菌数量,促进龙虾脱皮,大大降低蜕壳期小龙虾死亡率。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
米糠粉40~50份、鱼肉粉4~8份、燕麦粉20~30份、豆粕10~20份、啤酒槽10~20份、动物内脏粉15~25份、大豆卵磷脂1~3份、胆汁酸0.5~1.5份、沸石粉4~8份、微量元素0.2~0.8份以及饲料添加剂0.5~1.5份;其中,所述饲料添加剂主要由白术、枸杞、茶叶、茴香、当归、甘蓝、石斛及蝇蛆经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵得到。
优选地,所述饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照重量份数计算,称取各原料:白术15~25份、枸杞15~25份、茶叶10~20份、茴香8~16份、当归8~16份、甘蓝5~10份、石斛4~8份及蝇蛆4~8份,备用;
2)将除蝇蛆之外的原料进行混合后加水进行蒸煮,过滤得到滤液与滤渣;滤渣放入打浆机中并加入适量水进行打浆处理,得到浆液,将浆液升温至40~60℃,然后加入纤维素酶进行酶解,得到酶解液;将蝇蛆打碎处理得到蝇蛆粉末;
3)将滤液、酶解液与蝇蛆粉末混合得到混悬液,向混悬液中添加枯草芽孢杆菌培养基,然后接种枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵,发酵温度为25~28℃,发酵时间为15~20h,终止发酵,将发酵液进行低温浓缩得到浸膏,即可。
本发明的饲料添加剂制备方法其不仅能够有效利用滤液,而且将一般不用的残渣通过酶解与发酵进行利用,一方面使得发酵得到中药添加剂易于被小龙虾体内消化吸收,另一方面还促进枯草芽孢杆菌自身表达分泌植酸酶、淀粉酶等,使得添加剂抑制真菌病害,分解养殖池中的有毒有害物质,提高小龙虾的免疫力和抗病毒的能力,还能促进小龙虾对饲料的消化吸收。
优选地,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的添加量为所述混悬液的重量的3~6%。
优选地,所述枯草芽孢杆菌培养基具体为:豆粕10wt%、麸皮4wt%、尿素1.5wt%、酵母粉2wt%、米糠粉8wt%、糖蜜10wt%、硫酸镁0.8wt%、加无菌水至100wt%。
优选地,步骤2)中的所述纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.2~0.4%。
优选地,所述微量元素为锰、硅、硼、锌、铁或镁中一种或多种。
本发明的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料的制备方法:按照配比称取上述原料,混合均匀,然后在80~90℃下制粒即可,即可。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的饲料含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素等成分,含有多种营养物质,配方科学,营养全面,不仅可以维持蛋白及能量平衡,有效提高了小龙虾的免疫力,改善其消化系统,提高了养殖成功率,且均不含有生长激素和抗生素等化学药物,保证了小龙虾的质量,提高了食用安全性。添加剂中含有蝇蛆,蝇蛆经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵之后,其释放的氨基酸更多,其中以必须氨基酸(LYS、METHILEU、THR、HIS等)含量较丰富且配比合理,更容易被小龙虾吸收。
2、根据小龙虾的生长特点、易患病症和采食习惯,本发明的饲料添加剂主要选用了天然、安全的中草药成分,遵循“君臣佐使”的配制原则,经反复试验和验证最终确定了中草药的种类和最佳用量,使得其中各种中药成分之间协同增效,相互促进,达到了提高小龙虾在脱壳期间抗应激能力与免疫力的技术效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照重量份数计算,称取各原料:白术15份、枸杞25份、茶叶10份、茴香16份、当归8份、甘蓝5份、石斛4份及蝇蛆4份,备用;
2)将除蝇蛆之外的原料进行混合后加水进行蒸煮,过滤得到滤液与滤渣;滤渣放入打浆机中并加入适量水进行打浆处理,得到浆液,将浆液升温至40℃,然后加入纤维素酶进行酶解,得到酶解液;纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.2%;将蝇蛆打碎处理得到蝇蛆粉末。
3)将滤液、酶解液与蝇蛆粉末混合得到混悬液,向混悬液中添加枯草芽孢杆菌培养基,然后接种为所述混悬液的重量的3%的枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵,发酵温度为25℃,发酵时间为20h,终止发酵,将发酵液进行低温浓缩得到浸膏,即可。枯草芽孢杆菌培养基具体为:豆粕10wt%、麸皮4wt%、尿素1.5wt%、酵母粉2wt%、米糠粉8wt%、糖蜜10wt%、硫酸镁0.8wt%、加无菌水至100wt%。
实施例2
饲料添加剂,包括以下步骤:
1)按照重量份数计算,称取各原料:白术25份、枸杞15份、茶叶20份、茴香8份、当归16份、甘蓝10份、石斛8份及蝇蛆8份,备用;
2)将除蝇蛆之外的原料进行混合后加水进行蒸煮,过滤得到滤液与滤渣;滤渣放入打浆机中并加入适量水进行打浆处理,得到浆液,将浆液升温至60℃,然后加入纤维素酶进行酶解,得到酶解液;纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.4%;将蝇蛆打碎处理得到蝇蛆粉末。
3)将滤液、酶解液与蝇蛆粉末混合得到混悬液,向混悬液中添加枯草芽孢杆菌培养基,然后接种为所述混悬液的重量的6%的枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时间为15h,终止发酵,将发酵液进行低温浓缩得到浸膏,即可。枯草芽孢杆菌培养基具体为:豆粕10wt%、麸皮4wt%、尿素1.5wt%、酵母粉2wt%、米糠粉8wt%、糖蜜10wt%、硫酸镁0.8wt%、加无菌水至100wt%。
实施例3
一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
米糠粉46份、鱼肉粉6份、燕麦粉24份、豆粕16份、啤酒槽14份、动物内脏粉20份、大豆卵磷脂2份、胆汁酸1份、沸石粉6份、锰、锌与铁0.6份及实施例1的饲料添加剂1份。
实施例4
一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
米糠粉40份、鱼肉粉4份、燕麦粉30份、豆粕20份、啤酒槽10份、动物内脏粉15份、大豆卵磷脂1份、胆汁酸0.5份、沸石粉4份、微量元素0.2份以及实施例2的饲料添加剂0.5份。微量元素为锰、硅、硼、锌与铁。
实施例5
一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
米糠粉50份、鱼肉粉8份、燕麦粉20份、豆粕10份、啤酒槽20份、动物内脏粉25份、大豆卵磷脂3份、胆汁酸1.5份、沸石粉8份、微量元素0.8份以及实施例1的饲料添加剂1.5份。微量元素为锰、硅、硼、锌与镁。
试验例
随机挑选800尾1~1.2cm健康的小龙虾稚虾随机平分为4组(对照组、实施例组1、实施例组2和实施例组3),其中对照组使用普通饲料饲喂,实施例组1/2/3分别使用实施例3/4/5中的饲料饲喂,4组饲喂虾的饲养周期为3个月,结果如下表1所示。
表1
总数(尾) 存活数(尾) 存活率(%) 死亡数(尾) 死亡率(%)
对照组 200 171 85.5 29 14.5
实施例组1 200 194 97 6 3
实施例组2 200 192 96 8 4
实施例组3 200 195 97.5 5 2.5
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
米糠粉40~50份、鱼肉粉4~8份、燕麦粉20~30份、豆粕10~20份、啤酒槽10~20份、动物内脏粉15~25份、大豆卵磷脂1~3份、胆汁酸0.5~1.5份、沸石粉4~8份、微量元素0.2~0.8份以及饲料添加剂0.5~1.5份;其中,所述饲料添加剂主要由白术、枸杞、茶叶、茴香、当归、甘蓝、石斛及蝇蛆经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照重量份数计算,称取各原料:白术15~25份、枸杞15~25份、茶叶10~20份、茴香8~16份、当归8~16份、甘蓝5~10份、石斛4~8份及蝇蛆4~8份,备用;
2)将除蝇蛆之外的原料进行混合后加水进行蒸煮,过滤得到滤液与滤渣;滤渣放入打浆机中并加入适量水进行打浆处理,得到浆液,将浆液升温至40~60℃,然后加入纤维素酶进行酶解,得到酶解液;将蝇蛆打碎处理得到蝇蛆粉末;
3)将滤液、酶解液与蝇蛆粉末混合得到混悬液,向混悬液中添加枯草芽孢杆菌培养基,然后接种枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵,发酵温度为25~28℃,发酵时间为15~20h,终止发酵,将发酵液进行低温浓缩得到浸膏,即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的添加量为所述混悬液的重量的3~6%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌培养基具体为:豆粕10wt%、麸皮4wt%、尿素1.5wt%、酵母粉2wt%、米糠粉8wt%、糖蜜10wt%、硫酸镁0.8wt%、加无菌水至100wt%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,步骤2)中的所述纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.2~0.4%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料,其特征在于,所述微量元素为锰、硅、硼、锌、铁或镁中一种或多种。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110419648A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-08 云南俊涛养殖有限公司 一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料
CN111317075A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-23 盐城工学院 一种小龙虾饲料及其制备方法与应用
CN112042833A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2020-12-08 新希望六和股份有限公司 一种调控小龙虾脱壳成活率的营养学饲料
CN114903128A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-16 湖南文和友乔口小龙虾养殖有限公司 一种小龙虾复合饲料及其制备方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110419648A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-08 云南俊涛养殖有限公司 一种促进小龙虾蜕皮养殖饲料
CN111317075A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-23 盐城工学院 一种小龙虾饲料及其制备方法与应用
CN112042833A (zh) * 2020-09-14 2020-12-08 新希望六和股份有限公司 一种调控小龙虾脱壳成活率的营养学饲料
CN114903128A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-16 湖南文和友乔口小龙虾养殖有限公司 一种小龙虾复合饲料及其制备方法
CN114903128B (zh) * 2022-05-11 2024-01-16 湖南文和友乔口小龙虾养殖有限公司 一种小龙虾复合饲料及其制备方法

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