CN108901546A - A kind of breeding method of high-quality Rosa roxburghii Tratt - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of roxburghii planting, and specifically refers to a method for cultivating high-quality roxburghii. The cultivating method includes the following steps: (1), digging planting pits; (2), processing roxburghii seedlings; (3) , shaping; the present invention mixes rhamnolipid and humic acid to make disinfectant, and rhamnolipid is good surfactant except having stronger bactericidal effect, has increased the adhesion force of activated humic acid to branch, It is not easy to fall off, the activated humic acid has a low molecular weight, and the plant absorbs it quickly. More importantly, the humic acid can effectively reduce the bitter taste of prickly pear, increase its sugar content, and then improve its quality.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of high-quality Rosa roxburghii

technical field

The invention relates to the field of roxburghii planting, in particular to a method for cultivating high-quality roxburghii.

Background technique

Rosa roxburghii contains a lot of vitamins, 100g of Rosa roxburghii contains 3g of vitamins. It is known as the "King of Vitamin C" and has special functions of both food and medicine. Most of the current research focuses on the medicinal value of Rosa roxburghii. Most of the thorn pears grow in the wild, and most of the current utilization of thorn pears is taken from the wild. Most of the artificially planted thorn pears are not yet mature. On the other hand, the wild thorn pears are easily attacked by diseases and insect pests. The poor environment and low soil fertility lead to low nutritional value in prickly pears, which is actually of little significance for research. It is imperative to expand the planting of artificially cultivated thorn pear.

The application number is 201710604827.7, which discloses a planting method of Rosa roxburghii. Through garden selection, garden arrangement, selection, treatment, planting, management of Rosa roxburghii seedlings, shaping, raising chickens, and harvesting steps, Rosa roxburghii is cultivated. The technical features are: , to provide one-stop service for the cultivation of thorn pear, focusing on the cultivation method of seedlings and the management of fertilization of plants to solve the various economic efficiencies caused by the low survival rate of seedlings and excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of thorn pears Low problem, but the breeding method is too simple and conventional, and there are problems such as the low quality of the planted thorn pear and the small quality of the fruit.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating high-quality Rosa roxburghii.

Specifically, it is realized through the following technical solutions:

A kind of cultivation method of high-quality thorn pear, cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1), dig planting pit: land preparation, soil is applied enough chemical fertilizer in spring and winter, digs a plurality of equally spaced planting pits according to root system of thorn pear seedling and diameter afterwards , the distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, and the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu. Now lay a layer of 5-10cm thick straw in it, and then lay a layer of organic fertilizer on the straw , the laid straw can effectively reduce the weeds in the forest garden, prevent the weeds from competing for nutrients and oxygen with the plants, and also keep the plants warm. In winter, the soil temperature can be kept above 26°C, so that the plants are protected from diseases and insect pests. (2), the processing of Rosa roxburghii seedlings: the root system of Rosa roxburghii seedlings is soaked in the disinfectant solution for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicide is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit (3), shaping: seedling pruning is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are retained in the initial stage of results, and the aqueous solution of humic acid mixture at 25-35°C is sprayed on the branches, and the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown are trimmed during the full fruit period. Pruning is to cultivate the fruiting branches and the fruiting mother branches, keep the auxiliary branches, thin out the over-dense branches and thin branches, and keep the branches evenly distributed. Full crown, pruning at full fruit stage is mainly to cut off the thin, dry, overlapping, drooping, diseased and pest branches densely inside and outside the crown as much as possible from the base, and retract the fruiting branches, aging branches and drooping branches in time. The senescent perennial shoots were truncated heavily, and the elongated shoots were germinated at the base to form new fruiting mother shoots.

Further, the composition of the organic fertilizer is based on the following parts by weight: 10-23 parts of bean cake, 0.1-0.3 kg of JT biological agent, 50-70 parts of chicken and duck manure, 3-8 parts of animal bone meal, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 0.1-0.5 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 12-18 parts of vermicompost, and 1-5 parts of soil conditioner. Silicon, as an essential element for plant growth, can effectively promote the growth of recent plants and the development of fruits. In addition, it also It can promote the utilization of potassium fertilizer by plants, and further promote the synthesis of vitamins, sugars and amino acids in fruits.

Further, the sufficient chemical fertilizers applied in spring and winter are quick-acting fertilizers applied in spring, late-acting fertilizers applied in winter, late-acting fertilizers applied in winter, such as fire ash or other decomposed organic fertilizers; quick-acting fertilizers applied in spring, such as ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizers, etc. Early spring is better, the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant should not exceed 30g a year, and it is best to apply it multiple times, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant should not exceed 20g. Methods include spreading and ring furrow application. Spreading is to spread the fertilizer evenly around the crown of the tree, combined with intertillage and plowing into the soil; ring-shaped ditch application, that is, dig a circular or semicircular ditch with a width and depth of 20-30cm on the outer edge of the crown and apply it to the people.

Further, the total application amount of chemical fertilizers in the plant planting process is that the annual chemical fertilizer application amount of each plant is no more than 30g, and each time fertilization is no more than 20g. The application of chemical fertilizers is a chemical agent itself, which can play a role in the growth of plants. effect, but this effect is limited. For Rosa roxburghii, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied to each plant does not exceed 30g a year, and each fertilization does not exceed 20g. These two are the limit values. It can support the growth of thorn pear branches, but it is meaningless to the growth of the fruit. On the other hand, it will also pollute the soil, reduce soil fertility, and further reduce the yield and weight of thorn pears.

Further, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing ethanol, saline, and boric acid in a mass ratio of 1:2:(1-1.4).

Further, the humic acid mixture is formed by mixing rhamnolipid and activated humic acid according to a mass ratio of (0.1-0.5): 2. First, humic acid and rhamnolipid itself have certain antibacterial properties. Spraying on the branches can reduce the growth of bacteria, thereby reducing the infection of plant diseases and insect pests. On the other hand, rhamnolipid is also a good surfactant, which increases the adhesion of activated humic acid to the branches. It is not easy to fall off, the activated humic acid has a low molecular weight, and the plant absorbs it quickly. More importantly, the humic acid can effectively reduce the bitter taste of prickly pear, increase its sugar content, and then improve its quality.

Further, the bacterial agent is Trichoderma harzianum, green collarbone, streptomyces, Pseudomonas, one or two kinds of Gm bacteria, all of the above bacterial species can promote the growth of plant roots, and promote the growth of plant roots. Synthesize disease-resistant enzymes and hormones that stimulate plant growth, increase plant adaptability to the environment and drought tolerance, and effectively utilize environmental resources.

In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

First, the laid straw can effectively reduce the weeds in the forest garden, prevent the weeds from competing for nutrients and oxygen with the plants, and also keep the plants warm, keeping the soil temperature above 26°C in winter to protect the plants from diseases insect attack, reduce the disease rate of plants, and reduce the disease rate of Rosa roxburghii plants to 2%; second, silicon, as an essential element for plant growth, can effectively promote the growth of recent plants and the development of fruits. , can also promote the utilization of potassium fertilizer by plants, and further promote the synthesis of vitamins, sugars, and amino acids in fruits; thirdly, rhamnolipids are still good surfactants, which increase the adhesion of activated humic acid to branches, and do not It is easy to fall off, the activated humic acid has a low molecular weight, and the plant absorbs it quickly. More importantly, the humic acid can effectively reduce the bitter taste of Rosa roxburghii, increase its sugar content, and improve its quality.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any improvement or replacement on the basic spirit of this embodiment still belongs to the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.

Example 1

Organic fertilizer raw materials: bean cake 8kg, JT biological agent 0.1-0.3kg, chicken and duck manure 40kg, animal bone meal 2kg, plant ash 4kg, modified silica 0.09kg, vermicompost 11kg, soil conditioner 0.9kg;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Example 2

Organic fertilizer raw materials: 15kg of bean cake, 5kg of JT biological agent, 60kg of chicken and duck manure, 5kg of animal bone meal, 6kg of plant ash, 0.4kg of modified silicon dioxide, 15kg of vermicompost, and 3kg of soil conditioner;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Example 3

Organic fertilizer raw materials: 24kg bean cake, 11kg JT biological agent, 72kg chicken and duck manure, 9kg animal bone meal, 16kg plant ash, 0.6kg modified silica, 19kg vermicompost, 6kg soil conditioner;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Example 4

Organic fertilizer raw materials: bean cake 15kg, JT biological agent 5kg, chicken and duck manure 60kg, animal bone meal 5kg, plant ash 6kg, modified silicon dioxide 0.1kg, vermicompost 15kg, soil conditioner 3kg;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray the 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Example 5

Organic fertilizer raw materials: bean cake 15kg, JT biological agent 5kg, chicken and duck manure 60kg, animal bone powder 5kg, plant ash 6kg, modified silicon dioxide 0.2kg, vermicompost 15kg, soil conditioner 3kg;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Control group 1

Organic fertilizer: take the same type of organic fertilizer A sold in the market;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray the 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

Control group 2

Take the same type of organic fertilizer B sold in the market;

Cultivation methods: (1), dig planting pits: site preparation, apply enough chemical fertilizers to the soil in spring and winter, and then dig a plurality of planting pits at equal intervals according to the root system and diameter of Rosa roxburghii seedlings. The distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then a layer of organic fertilizer is laid on the straw; (2), the treatment of thorn pear seedlings: The root system of pear seedlings is soaked in disinfectant for disinfection, and then the mixed soil with fungicides is then transplanted into the sterilized planting pit; (3), shaping: the pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of the results , and spray 25-35°C humic acid mixture solution on the branches, and trim the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown during the full fruit period;

test 1

Select a piece of thorn pear planting area as the experimental area, be divided into 7 parts on average, apply the organic fertilizer according to embodiment 1-5, and control group 1-2, and the cultivation method of thorn pear, until the fixed value of thorn pear Afterwards, regularly check that the roxburghii is invaded by bacterial pests and the prevalence rate, and the content and the prevalence rate of soluble amino acids in every 100g roxburghii are recorded in Table 1;

Table 1;

Claims (7)

1. a cultivation method of high-quality Rosa roxburghii, it is characterized in that, described cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1), dig plantation pit: land preparation, soil applies enough chemical fertilizers in spring and winter, then according to Rosa roxburghii seedling root system and diameter Dig multiple planting pits at equal intervals, the distance between the planting pits is 2m*1.5m and 2m*3m, the plant density is 111-222 plants/mu, and now a layer of 5-10cm thick straw is laid inside it, and then Lay a layer of organic fertilizer on the straw; (2), treatment of Rosa roxburghii seedlings: soak the roots of Rosa roxburghii seedlings in a disinfectant solution for disinfection, then transplant the mixed soil with fungicides to the sterilized planting pit Middle; (3) Shaping: The pruning of seedlings is mainly based on shaping, and the auxiliary branches are kept in the initial stage of results, and the aqueous solution of humic acid mixture at 25-35°C is sprayed on the branches, and the thin and weak branches inside and outside the crown are trimmed during the full fruit period. 2. The method for cultivating Rosa roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is composed in parts by weight as follows: 10-23 parts of bean cake, 0.1-0.3 powder of JT biological agent, 50-70 parts of chicken and duck manure 3-8 parts of animal bone meal, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 0.1-0.5 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 12-18 parts of vermicompost, and 1-5 parts of soil conditioner. 3. the cultivation method of Rosa roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, applying sufficient chemical fertilizer in spring and winter is applying quick-acting fertilizer in spring, and applying late-acting fertilizer in winter. 4. The method for cultivating Rosa roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total application amount of chemical fertilizers in the plant planting process is no more than 30g for each plant in a year, and no more than 20g for each fertilization. 5. The method for cultivating Rosa roxburghii according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant is mixed with ethanol, saline, and boric acid in a mass ratio of 1:2:(1-1.4). 6 . The cultivation method of roxburghii according to claim 1 , wherein the humic acid mixture is formed by mixing rhamnolipid and activated humic acid in a mass ratio of (0.1-0.5):2. 7. the cultivation method of Rosa roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described bacterium agent is Trichoderma harzianum, green collarbone, streptomyces, Pseudomonas, one or 2 kinds in Gm bacterium.