CN108901507B - Method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901507B CN108901507B CN201810759876.2A CN201810759876A CN108901507B CN 108901507 B CN108901507 B CN 108901507B CN 201810759876 A CN201810759876 A CN 201810759876A CN 108901507 B CN108901507 B CN 108901507B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps: respectively dropping a first water-soluble combined fertilizer, a second water-soluble combined fertilizer, a third water-soluble combined fertilizer and a fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer into cotton root soil along with water in the seedling emergence stage, the bud stage, the flowering stage and the boll stage of cotton; the first water-soluble combined fertilizer, the second water-soluble combined fertilizer and the third water-soluble combined fertilizer all contain biological organic trace fertilizer, and the trace fertilizer comprises water-soluble organic matters, fulvic acid, medium trace elements and microbial agents. The drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology is utilized, the water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water, all the components are synergistic, the cotton is promoted to thrive, the capability of resisting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria of the cotton is improved, simultaneously, the brought beneficial microbial bacteria are quickly propagated and occupy the place, the contact between the pathogenic bacteria and the cotton root is blocked and isolated, the infection incidence is reduced, and the effect of preventing and treating the cotton verticillium wilt is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating crop diseases, in particular to a method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt.
Background
The cotton verticillium wilt is the cancer of cotton, which can reduce the cotton yield by 40% -60%, and seriously ill plots can cause the extinction. The cotton verticillium wilt is a disease caused by the fact that pathogens in soil invade crops from cotton roots under proper conditions. In recent years, verticillium wilt of cotton in Xinjiang is getting more and more serious, and the reason is that the cotton is planted in continuous cropping for many years, diseased cotton plants and straws are returned to the field, so that the quantity of pathogenic bacteria in soil is continuously accumulated and enlarged.
At present, the main prevention and treatment measures adopted mainly comprise the cultivation of resistant varieties and the spraying of chemical pesticides, but the breeding of new varieties is time-consuming and the disease resistance is weakened or lost along with the variation of pathogenic bacteria. Although dozens of pesticides are used for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt, huge manpower and material resources are input every year, the effect is not very obvious, and some pesticides even do not play any role, so that cotton farmers input large pesticides for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt and have small effect, and chemical pesticides are easy to cause pesticide residues and destroy the ecological balance of soil. Therefore, the prevention and control of the cotton verticillium wilt become a practical problem which needs to be solved urgently in cotton production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt, and aims to solve the technical problem that a drip irrigation system is utilized to drop a combined water-soluble fertilizer into cotton root soil along with water, so that the effect of preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt is achieved.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The method for preventing and treating the cotton verticillium wilt, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
in the seedling emergence period of cotton, the first water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the root soil of the cotton along with water;
in the bud period of the cotton, the second water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the cotton flowering phase, the third water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the boll stage of cotton, the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
wherein the first water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea and a first fertilizer;
the second water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the third water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises urea and a first fertilizer;
the biological organic micro-fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-70% of water-soluble organic matter, 5-10% of fulvic acid, 20-40% of medium trace elements and 1-2% of microbial preparation;
the technical indexes of the biological organic micro-fertilizer are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 30 percent, beneficial bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, trace elements are more than or equal to 2 percent, and water-insoluble substances are less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the first fertilizer is 5-9: 32-40: 20-28;
the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the second fertilizer is 2-6: 20-28: 32-40.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, the method of the preceding, wherein the microbial preparation comprises at least 3 of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum.
Preferably, in the method, the microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the trichoderma harzianum is 1: 0.2:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.2.
Preferably, in the method, the water-soluble organic matter is water-soluble solid obtained by fermenting animal manure with EM (effective microorganisms) for 30-35 days, dissolving, filtering, concentrating and spray drying, and the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45%.
Preferably, in the method, N is more than or equal to 46.3 percent in the urea; in the water-soluble organic matter, the mass percentage content of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent; in the medium trace elements, the mass percentage of the trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent; in the fulvic acid, the mass percentage of the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 50%.
Preferably, in the first water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer is 0.5-1.5:1-3: 1-3.
Preferably, in the second water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6:1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, in the third water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6:1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, in the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the urea to the fertilizer I is 2-4: 1-2.
Preferably, the method wherein the number of drips during the cotton bud phase is 2-3; the number of water dripping times in the cotton flowering phase is 3-4; the number of water dropping times in the cotton boll stage is 3-4.
By the technical scheme, the method for preventing and treating the cotton verticillium wilt at least has the following advantages:
1. the method comprises the steps of respectively dropping a first water-soluble combined fertilizer, a second water-soluble combined fertilizer, a third water-soluble combined fertilizer and a fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer into cotton root soil along with water in a cotton emergence period, a cotton bud period, a cotton flowering period and a cotton boll period by utilizing a drip irrigation system; the first water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea and a first fertilizer; the second water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer; the third water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer; the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises urea and a first fertilizer.
The invention screens out the water-soluble combined fertilizer which is suitable for a drip irrigation system and has high conductivity, permeability, systemic property and easy degradation, is used for preventing and treating verticillium wilt in cotton fields, and determines the use dosage, the drip application time, the application times and the optimal proportion of each single agent of different water-soluble combined fertilizers aiming at different growth periods of cotton. After the water-soluble combined fertilizer reaches the cotton root soil, the water-soluble combined fertilizer is uniformly distributed in soil wetting peaks around the cotton root, and the cotton root directly absorbs and utilizes various nutrient substances, so that the cotton is promoted to thrive and grow, and the immunity of crops to pathogenic bacteria is improved.
2. The biological organic micro-fertilizer comprises 40-70% of water-soluble organic matters, 5-10% of fulvic acid, 20-40% of medium trace elements and 1-2% of microbial agents. The microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum. Therefore, the biological organic micro-fertilizer contains various nutrient elements, meets the growth requirement of cotton in time, promotes the healthy and strong growth of the cotton, and improves the capability of the cotton for resisting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria; meanwhile, the brought beneficial bacteria which have an inhibiting effect on pathogenic bacteria are quickly propagated and occupy space under the condition that water-soluble organic matters provide nutrition, the contact between the pathogenic bacteria and cotton root systems is blocked and isolated, the infection morbidity is reduced, and metabolites generated by the beneficial microorganisms have an antagonistic sterilization effect on the pathogenic bacteria when the beneficial microorganisms are propagated, so that the number of the pathogenic bacteria can be reduced, meanwhile, the metabolites have a growth promoting effect on the cotton root systems, the resistance of cotton to the pathogenic bacteria is further improved, and multiple factors play a role in preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt.
3. By developing a gradient test of the application amount and the application frequency, and by utilizing a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, according to the nutritional requirements of the cotton seedling stage and each later growth stage, the organic biological water-soluble fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water during cotton drip seedling emergence and subsequent drip irrigation, so that the effect of preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt is achieved. The cotton fertilizer and water are applied in an integrated manner, the components in the product are matched with each other, the synergistic effect is realized, the cotton fertilizer and water are easy to absorb by crops, the resistance of the crops to verticillium wilt is enhanced, the morbidity of the verticillium wilt is reduced, the yield of cotton is improved, the quality of the cotton is improved, the application of chemical fertilizer can be reduced, and the land degradation is prevented. With the use for many years, the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil is gradually reduced, virtuous cycle is realized, and the sustainable development of cotton planting is realized.
4. According to the invention, biological organic micro-fertilizers are added in the cotton seedling emergence stage, the cotton bud stage and the cotton flower stage to increase beneficial bacteria in the soil of cotton root systems, the beneficial bacteria are rapidly propagated and occupy space under the condition that water-soluble organic matters provide nutrition, the added amount is enough to block and isolate the contact of pathogenic bacteria and the cotton root systems, so that the infection morbidity is reduced, and during propagation of the beneficial microorganisms, metabolites generated by the beneficial microorganisms have an antagonistic sterilization effect on the pathogenic bacteria, so that the quantity of the pathogenic bacteria can be reduced, meanwhile, the metabolites have a growth promoting effect on the cotton root systems, so that the resistance of the cotton to the pathogenic bacteria is further improved, and the effect of preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt is achieved; and biological organic trace fertilizer is not needed to be added in the cotton boll period, because beneficial bacteria are added in the early stage, beneficial bacteria flora is already formed and dominate, and the beneficial bacteria can be continuously propagated in a proper environment, so that the balance of the flora can be achieved without additionally adding the beneficial bacteria in the later stage. The microbial agent has slow effect, and a certain time period is needed for the germination and propagation of the functional bacteria after the microbial agent is applied to soil. Therefore, it is recommended to use it in the early stages of cotton growth, and to start the application with the drop of seedling water. By combining the distribution of the irrigation amount of the cotton field in different growth periods, the distribution proportion of the biological medicament in the early stage of drip application is large, the distribution proportion in the later stage is relatively small, and the drip application is carried out for 4-8 times in the whole growth period.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given to the specific implementation manner, features and effects of the method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt according to the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
The method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
in the seedling emergence period of cotton, the first water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the root soil of the cotton along with water;
in the bud period of the cotton, the second water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the cotton flowering phase, the third water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the boll stage of cotton, the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
wherein the first water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea and a first fertilizer;
the second water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the third water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises urea and fertilizer I.
The biological organic micro-fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-70% of water-soluble organic matter, preferably 50-60%, more preferably 58%; 5-10%, preferably 6-9%, more preferably 8.5% of fulvic acid; medium trace elements 20-40%, preferably 25-35%, more preferably 32%; 1-2%, preferably 1.2-1.8%, more preferably 1.5% of the microbial preparation.
The technical indexes of the biological organic micro-fertilizer are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 30 percent, beneficial bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, trace elements are more than or equal to 2 percent, and water-insoluble substances are less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
The mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the first fertilizer is 5-9: 32-40: 20-28, preferably 7: 36: 24;
the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the second fertilizer is 2-6: 20-28: 32-40, preferably 4: 24: 36.
the total number of days from sowing to the end of harvesting of cotton, which is called the full-growth period of cotton, is usually around 210 days. The growth period of cotton, from emergence to the maturity of the first boll to boll opening, is 130 days or so. Because the cotton production needs fine management, the division of the cotton growth period is mastered, and the good harvest of the tube-good cotton is important.
The cotton growing period is usually divided into 5 periods, namely, a sowing emergence period, a seedling period, a bud period, a flower bell period and a boll opening period.
(1) And (3) seedling stage: the stage from sowing to emergence of 50% of the cotyledons is called the seedling stage. Sowing seeds in the middle and late ten days of 4 months generally, and sprouting after 7-15 days. Is a key period for determining the whole seedling.
(2) And (3) seedling stage: the first bud of 50% cotton plants in cotton field from emergence is called seedling stage, early-maturing variety 25-30 days and medium-maturing variety 40-50 days.
(3) And in the bud period: the bud period is 25-30 days from the bud to the first flower of 50% of cotton plants, and the bud period is generally from 6 to 7 months.
(4) And (3) flowering period: the period from blooming to the first boll opening of 50% of cotton plants to boll opening is 50-60 days, wherein the flowering period is generally from the first ten days of July to the middle and last ten days of July, and the boll period is generally from the first ten days of August to the middle and last ten days of August. Is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and over 70% of dry matter is formed in the boll stage. Is a key period for determining low cotton yield and is also a key period for cotton field management. The boll period is the period of the cotton which needs the most water in life, and cotton plants are sensitive to water reaction, such as water imbalance, blocked metabolic process, shedding of a large number of bolls, premature senility and serious influence on the cotton growth process.
(5) A boll opening period: the boll opening period is from the beginning of boll opening to the end of flower collection. The boll opening is started in the middle and the last ten days of 8 months generally for about 70-80 days, the boll opening is in the full period of 9 months, and the flowers are basically collected from the middle and the last ten days of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months. The dry matter accumulated by the cotton bolls accounts for more than 90% of the accumulated amount in the period, and the required fertilizer and water are obviously reduced in the period.
In normal years, the water cut of cotton should be at the end of 8 months, the water cut of late-maturing varieties can be performed in the early stage, and the water cut of early-maturing varieties can be performed in the late stage.
It should be noted that: the cotton has special growth and development characteristics in each period, and the requirements on external environments such as temperature, illumination, nutrients, moisture, soil and the like are different.
The growth stages of cotton are affected in many ways, such as cotton variety, climatic conditions, soil in the growing area, cultivation techniques, and therefore, the growth stages vary from one cotton growing area to another.
In an embodiment of the invention, the microbial preparation comprises at least 3 of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum.
Further, the microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum; wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the trichoderma harzianum is as follows: 0.5-1.5:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.15:0.05-0.15:0.05-0.15:0.1-0.3, preferably 1: 0.2:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microbial preparation is a mixture consisting of at least 3 of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus licheniformis powder, bacillus megaterium powder, bacillus laterosporus powder, bacillus mucilaginosus powder and trichoderma harzianum powder.
The bacillus has respective biological characteristics, and through gene breeding and other biological engineering, natural bacteria can be artificially bred to obtain bacteria with specific functional strength, so that the bacillus can be applied to various aspects of industrial and agricultural production.
Effect of microbial preparation on plants: enhance plant metabolism, promote photosynthesis, strengthen leaf protecting film, resist pathogenic bacteria and promote root system development. Produce antibacterial substances, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, and produce beneficial substances to prevent and treat various diseases of crops. The beneficial flora and the actinomycetes in the soil are symbiotically co-cultured to form a good crop growth environment, improve the soil fertility, thoroughly improve the soil property and finally realize the way of green organic agricultural products, no-tillage operation and sustainable development.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water-soluble organic matter is water-soluble solid obtained by fermenting animal manure by EM (effective microorganisms) for 30-35 days, dissolving, filtering, concentrating and spray drying, and the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45%.
EM (Effective Microorganisms) is also called EM probiotic stock solution, and can enable 10 beneficial Microorganisms in five types of Microorganisms, namely photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, gram-positive actinomycetes and filamentous bacteria of a fermentation system to be symbiotically combined and honored. Can be used for food addition, prevention and control of breeding diseases, soil improvement, rooting and strengthening, sewage treatment and the like. Can ensure stable and high yield of crops and effectively prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
The EM bacterial bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting materials by EM compound microbial bacteria. The microbial fertilizer contains proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements essential for plant growth, and is rich in organic matter and beneficial biological bacteria, and has soil improving effect. After the EM bacterial bio-organic fertilizer is applied, the soil fertility can be improved, and the soil can be activated; promoting growth, increasing production and income; the disease is inhibited, and the resistance is enhanced; the quality is improved, and the taste is improved; reduce pollution and protect environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fulvic acid is extracted from weathered coal with high humic acid content.
Fulvic Acid (FA) is a water-soluble part in fulvic acid, can be used as a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, has the effects of promoting plant growth, particularly properly controlling the opening degree of leaf stomata of crops, reducing transpiration, playing an important role in drought resistance, improving stress resistance, increasing yield and improving quality, can be mixed with some non-alkaline pesticides, and has a synergistic effect.
In the embodiment of the invention, the medium trace elements are obtained by reacting zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate with a complexing agent and then performing spray drying.
The complexing agents include, but are not limited to: one or more of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediamine dipentylphthalate sodium acetate (EDDHA-Na), amino acids and sugar alcohols.
In agricultural planting in China, due to the fact that a large-element fertilizer with high concentration is excessively applied, a medium-trace-element fertilizer is slightly applied and the application of an organic fertilizer is relatively delayed, the negative effects are that trace elements taken away from soil by crops are continuously increased, and medium trace elements in a soil matrix are continuously reduced. The medium trace elements are components and activators of a plurality of enzymes in the plant body, and the loss of the medium trace elements seriously influences the sustainable development of agriculture and the high quality and the high yield of crops; therefore, the auxiliary supplement of medium and trace elements in macroelement fertilizers is more and more inclined to relieve the problem of trace element loss in soil. The addition of medium trace elements is mostly realized by adding the medium trace elements into a compound fertilizer (such as a urea compound fertilizer) as an additive or directly applying the medium trace elements into soil in the prior art; after the medium trace elements are added into the compound fertilizer as additives, inorganic salt ions are easy to react with phosphate radicals to generate insoluble substances; the inorganic salt ions directly applied to the soil are easily solidified by the soil, are difficult to be absorbed by crops, even cause soil hardening, and are not beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to alleviate the defects of medium and trace elements as additives and application, the medium and trace elements are usually used after being complexed by a complexing agent, and the solubility and the retention capacity of the trace elements are improved by forming a cyclic coordination compound by the complexing agent and metal ions of the medium and trace elements.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the first water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer is 0.5-1.5:1-3: 1-3. In the second water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6: 1-2. In the third water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6:1-2: 1-2. In the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the urea to the first fertilizer is 2-4: 1-2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water dropping times in the cotton bud period are 2-3, the water dropping times in the cotton flowering period are 3-4, and the water dropping times in the cotton boll period are 3-4.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water dropping frequency of the cotton in the whole growth period is 8-10 times.
In the embodiment of the invention, biological organic micro-fertilizers are added in the seedling emergence stage, the bud stage and the flower stage of cotton to increase beneficial bacteria in the soil of cotton root systems, the beneficial bacteria are rapidly propagated and occupy space under the condition that water-soluble organic matters provide nutrition, the added amount is enough to block and isolate the contact of pathogenic bacteria and the cotton root systems, so that the infection morbidity is reduced, and the metabolites generated by the beneficial microorganisms have antagonistic sterilization effect on the pathogenic bacteria during propagation, so that the quantity of the pathogenic bacteria can be reduced, meanwhile, the metabolites have the effect of promoting the growth of the cotton root systems, so that the resistance of the cotton to the pathogenic bacteria is further improved, and the effect of preventing and treating the cotton verticillium wilt is achieved; and biological organic trace fertilizer is not needed to be added in the cotton boll period, because beneficial bacteria are added in the early stage, beneficial bacteria flora is already formed and dominate, and the beneficial bacteria can be continuously propagated in a proper environment, so that the balance of the flora can be achieved without additionally adding the beneficial bacteria in the later stage. The microbial agent has slow effect, and a certain time period is needed for the germination and propagation of the functional bacteria after the microbial agent is applied to soil. Therefore, it is recommended to use it in the early stages of cotton growth, where the emergence water begins to drip. By combining the distribution of the irrigation amount of the cotton field in different growth periods, the distribution proportion of the biological medicament in the early stage of drip application is large, the distribution proportion in the later stage is relatively small, and the drip application is carried out for 4-8 times in the whole growth period.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the soil of the cotton root system along with water in the cotton seedling emergence stage, the cotton bud stage, the cotton flowering stage and the cotton boll stage by combining with a drip irrigation system to form nutrient solution which is uniformly distributed in the soil wetting peak around the cotton root system, and the water-soluble combined fertilizer contains various nutrient elements, thereby timely meeting the growth requirement of cotton, promoting the healthy growth of cotton and improving the capability of cotton for resisting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
In the embodiment of the invention, the biological organic micro-fertilizer is a preparation which mainly utilizes microorganisms or metabolites thereof and achieves disease treatment, prevention and control by inhibiting soil pathogenic bacteria and regulating the microbial flora structure of soil, and has an important effect of improving the soil fertility and quality. More than 90% of cotton fields in Xinjiang area all adopt the drip irrigation mode, can utilize drip irrigation system directly to apply biological organic micro fertilizer to the root of crop with water, realize controllable, even and target application of beneficial microorganism, can play more direct inhibitory action to soil pathogenic bacteria, play simultaneously and improve fertilizer utilization ratio and disease prevention effect.
The fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention can be directly applied to a crop root zone along with water by using the dropper system, so that the controllable, uniform and targeted application of the fertilizer is realized, and the utilization rate of the biological fertilizer is greatly improved. In addition, the drip irrigation and fertilization tank mode adopts a pressure drip irrigation mode, clear water is generally dripped for 1 hour to fully permeate surface soil, then the fertilizer is poured into the pump room fertilization tank, the clear water is added to fully dissolve the fertilizer, and then the valve is opened to ensure that the fertilizer is dripped into the cotton field soil along with the water. The fertilization is generally finished 0.5-1h before the irrigation is finished, so that the residual fertilizer on the fertilization tank, the main pipeline and the capillary wall is thoroughly flushed into the cotton field soil. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can reach more than 60%.
In the embodiment of the invention, the attention points of the combined water-soluble fertilizer along with water drip irrigation are as follows:
(1) the fertilizer and water are fed simultaneously, and a small amount of fertilizer and water are fed for many times, so that the growth requirement of cotton is met.
(2) Fertilizer is added into the fertilizing tank and is applied in the middle period of the one-time drip irrigation duration, the ball valve is opened first and then is opened small and then is opened large, the injection amount is reduced as much as possible, and the fertilizer is kept uniform. The quick injection and the uneven fertilization are avoided.
(3) The fertilizer application amount can be properly adjusted according to the growth vigor of the cotton.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a cell block test is carried out in cotton fields with different disease degrees, a gradient test of application amount and application frequency is carried out, the morbidity and growth vigor of cotton verticillium wilt are compared in different treatments, the yield and the fiber quality are measured, the physical and chemical shape and the microorganism of soil are detected, and the reasonable proportion, the application dosage, the application time and the application frequency of the combined water-soluble fertilizer are determined.
Example 1
In 2017, the water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied to 110 mu drip irrigation cotton in No. 12 land of 3 rounds of a test field of the academy of agricultural reclamation academy of sciences in Xinjiang, different water-soluble compound fertilizers are drip-irrigated along with water in different growth periods, and the using dosage, the drip-applying time, the using times and the drip amount of the water-soluble compound fertilizers are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The application result is as follows: finally, the cotton yield is 423 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 5.26 percent compared with the contrast land, and the disease prevention effect is improved by 43.8 percent.
Example 2
In 2017, the fertilizer is applied to 190 mu of drip irrigation cotton in 125 Tu 2 with 8 No. land of the Sedum quintuchen, different water-soluble combined fertilizers are drip-irrigated along with water in different growth periods, and the using dosage, the drip application time, the using times and the drip amount of the water-soluble combined fertilizers are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The application result is as follows: finally, the cotton yield is 415 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 12.16 percent compared with that of a contrast land, and the disease prevention effect is improved by 55.0 percent.
Example 3
In 2017, the fertilizer is applied to 210 mu drip irrigation cotton in 129 Uand 16 No. land of Sedum quintuchen military, different water-soluble combined fertilizers are drip-irrigated along with water in different growth periods, and the using dosage, the drip-applying time, the using times and the drip amount of the water-soluble combined fertilizers are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
The application result is as follows: finally, the cotton yield is 405 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 9.5 percent compared with that of a contrast land, and the disease prevention effect is improved by 47.6 percent.
Description of the drawings: in the above examples 1, 2 and 3, reference is made to a control which is made only by applying conventional macroelement water-soluble fertilizers (urea, fertilizer one and fertilizer two).
The prevention and control method of the invention is applied to prevent verticillium wilt in key cotton areas of Xinjiang troops along with water dripping application, obtains better disease prevention effect, simultaneously has obvious effects of promoting growth and increasing yield, and has great potential in reducing fertilizer use. The application of the project results is demonstrated, and better economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit are obtained.
More than 90 percent of Xinjiang cotton planting areas are subjected to water-saving irrigation and have verticillium wilt diseases with different degrees, so the research result of the project can be popularized and applied in the Xinjiang cotton planting areas.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes all numbers subsumed within that range and includes any two numbers subsumed within that range. For example, "the diameter of the first mixture powder is 1 to 100. mu.m", which includes all values between 1 and 100, and includes the range of values (10 to 20) consisting of any two values (e.g., 10, 20) within the range; different values of the same index appearing in all embodiments of the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a range value.
The features of the invention claimed and/or described in the specification may be combined, and are not limited to the combinations set forth in the claims by the recitations therein. The technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification also belong to the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the seedling emergence period of cotton, the first water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the root soil of the cotton along with water;
in the bud period of the cotton, the second water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the cotton flowering phase, the third water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
in the boll stage of cotton, the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer is dripped into the cotton root soil along with water;
wherein the first water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea and a first fertilizer;
the second water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the third water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises a biological organic micro-fertilizer, urea, a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer;
the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer comprises urea and a first fertilizer;
the biological organic micro-fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of fulvic acid, 20-40% of medium trace elements, 1-2% of microbial preparation and 40-70% of water-soluble organic matter, wherein the water-soluble organic matter is water-soluble solid obtained by fermenting livestock manure by EM (effective microorganisms) for 30-35 days, dissolving, filtering, concentrating and spray drying, and the mass percentage of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45%;
the technical indexes of the biological organic micro-fertilizer are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 30 percent, beneficial bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, trace elements are more than or equal to 2 percent, and water-insoluble substances are less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the first fertilizer is 5-9: 32-40: 20-28;
the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus element and potassium element in the second fertilizer is 2-6: 20-28: 32-40 parts of;
in the first water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer is 0.5-1.5:1-3: 1-3;
in the second water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6:1-2: 1-2;
in the third water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biological organic micro-fertilizer to the urea to the first fertilizer to the second fertilizer is 0.5-1:4-6:1-2: 1-2;
in the fourth water-soluble combined fertilizer, the mass ratio of the urea to the first fertilizer is 2-4: 1-2;
the water dropping times of the cotton in the bud period are 2-3 times;
the number of water dripping times in the cotton flowering phase is 3-4;
the number of water dropping times in the cotton boll stage is 3-4.
2. The method of claim 1,
the microbial preparation comprises at least 3 of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum.
3. The method of claim 2,
the microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the trichoderma harzianum is 1: 0.2:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.2.
4. The method of claim 1,
in the urea, N is more than or equal to 46.3 percent; or,
in the water-soluble organic matter, the mass percentage content of the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent; or,
in the medium trace elements, the mass percentage of the trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent.
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