CN108893976B - 提高还原过程中银颗粒在棉织物上附着量和均匀性的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高还原过程中银颗粒在棉织物上附着量和均匀性的方法,属于纺织印染技术领域。本发明采用以下工艺:(1)配制质量浓度为0.2‑2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;(2)在溶液中加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度为0.02‑0.2g/L,充分搅拌5min;(3)在溶液中放入棉织物,使浴比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;(4)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。本发明通过调整溶液的pH和温度条件,利用棉织物自身的还原性将硝酸银还原成银颗粒,在反应过程中通过添加一定用量和比例的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,提高还原后银颗粒在织物上的附着量和均匀性,提高棉织物改性效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高还原过程中银颗粒在棉织物上附着量和均匀性的方法,属于纺织印染技术领域。
背景技术
棉纤维制品具有穿着舒适、可再生和生物降解等优点,是人们日常生活中使用最多的纤维之一。棉纤维制品良好的吸湿性能使其容易滋生细菌,在一定程度上制约了其更广泛的应用。因此,实现棉纤维制品的长效抗菌,已成为其改性研究中的一个重要方向。
银颗粒具有高效、广谱的抗菌效果,在需要高效抗菌的特定场合具有重要的应用价值,例如医院、潜艇等细菌较多或无法经常对纺织品进行清洁处理的场合。银颗粒的制备主要包括物理和化学方法。物理方法主要为机械研磨法、干燥法、气相沉积法等,对设备仪器要求较高,生产效率低,而生产成本高。化学方法主要有溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法及液相还原法等。其中,液相还原方法被认为是一种较适宜的方法,具有工艺和设备简单、生产成本低且易于实现产业化等优点,因而成为当前研制的热点之一。该方法可将银离子先吸附到纤维上, 然后通过还原剂(如 NaBH4、抗坏血酸等)使银离子直接在织物上发生还原反应形成银颗粒。但是,该方法所用化学还原剂往往对生物体和环境有潜在的危害,此外银颗粒不仅在纤维上生成,也在溶液体系中大量生成,造成资源浪费和对环境污染的问题。
研究发现,棉织物本身具有许多羟基等还原性基团,而经过漂白前处理加工后还会引入醛基等还原基团,在适宜的条件下可不使用外加还原剂而直接将银离子转变成银颗粒。但是,由于银颗粒与棉织物的结合力不足,生成的银颗粒大量脱落于溶液中,而银颗粒在溶液中的分散性又较差,又会不均匀的沉积至织物表面,导致银颗粒在织物表面的分布均匀性较差。
发明内容
本发明通过调整溶液的pH和温度条件,利用棉织物自身的还原性将硝酸银还原成银颗粒,在反应过程中通过添加一定用量和比例的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,提高还原后银颗粒在织物上的附着量和均匀性,提高棉织物改性效果。
本发明包括以下工艺:
(1)配制质量浓度为0.2-2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度为0.02-0.2g/L,充分搅拌5min;
(3)在溶液中放入棉织物,使浴比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(4)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
质量浓度为0.2-2g/L硝酸银按要求放入水中溶解后,将pH调整至12,可以保证棉织物上还原性基团对银离子最佳的还原效果。将溶液温度升至40℃后加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,其中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度控制在0.02-0.2g/L,纤维素酶为市售的纺织抛光用纤维素酶,充分搅拌使其溶解,二者在碱性溶液中发生结构变化和结合,形成一种复合结构,不仅能够提高后续还原银颗粒在棉织物上的附着量,而且可以增加银颗粒在织物上附着沉积的均匀性,提高棉织物改性效果。充分搅拌5min后,将待处理的棉织物浸入到溶液中,浴比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将溶液温度升至90℃并保温1h,完成棉织物对硝酸银的还原,使生成的银颗粒牢固附着在织物上。最后将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
(1)配制质量浓度为0.2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度为0.02g/L,充分搅拌5min;
(3)在溶液中放入棉织物,使棉织物与溶液的质量比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(4)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
对比例1
(1)配制质量浓度为0.2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中放入棉织物,使棉织物与溶液的质量比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(3)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
经测试,实施例1处理后棉织物上银颗粒附着量比对比例1所得棉织物上银颗粒附着量提高42%,均匀性提高35%,改性效果获得显著提升。
实施例2
(1)配制质量浓度为2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度为0.2g/L,充分搅拌5min;
(3)在溶液中放入棉织物,使棉织物与溶液的质量比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(4)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
对比例2
(1)配制质量浓度为2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中放入棉织物,使棉织物与溶液的质量比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(3)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
经测试,实施例2处理后棉织物上银颗粒附着量比对比例2所得棉织物上银颗粒附着量提高40%,均匀性提高47%,改性效果获得显著提升。
Claims (1)
1.提高还原过程中银颗粒在棉织物上附着量和均匀性的方法,其特征在于采用以下工艺:
(1)配制质量浓度为0.2-2g/L的硝酸银溶液,用氢氧化钠将溶液pH调至12,并将溶液温度升至40℃;
(2)在溶液中加入质量比为4:1的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和纤维素酶,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的质量浓度为0.02-0.2g/L,充分搅拌5min;
(3)在溶液中放入棉织物,使浴比为1:50,40℃保温15min,然后将温度升至90℃并保温1h;
(4)将棉织物从溶液中取出,脱水后烘干。
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