CN108875209B - Simulation method for PC sheet large deformation toughness damage problem under high-speed impact load - Google Patents
Simulation method for PC sheet large deformation toughness damage problem under high-speed impact load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulation method for the large deformation toughness damage problem of a polycarbonate sheet under a high-speed impact load, which combines theory-experiment-simulation, fully determines the deformation and damage forms of the PC sheet under different impact conditions by means of experimental determination, theoretical modeling and numerical analysis, establishes a PC constitutive model fully considering large deformation, thermal coupling, temperature and strain rate sensitivity under a finite deformation and consistent thermomechanical framework, develops a novel PC material model by means of a custom material subprogram module in finite element software, develops finite element simulation of the high-speed impact problem of the PC sheet, and realizes efficient analysis and accurate prediction of the large deformation toughness damage behavior of the PC sheet under the high-speed impact load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation method for the impact deformation damage problem of a polycarbonate sheet, in particular to a simulation method for the large deformation toughness damage problem of a polycarbonate sheet under a high-speed impact load.
Background
Polycarbonate (PC) is a thermoplastic resin with excellent mechanical and optical properties, and has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, impact resistance, flame retardance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. The high-performance PC product is widely applied to aspects such as fighter windshields, high-speed rail head lampshades, astronauts helmet masks, explosion-proof shields, instruments and meters, medical appliances and the like.
The mechanical property of the PC material has obvious strain rate, temperature and hydrostatic stress sensitivity, and the deformation and damage behaviors of the PC material under the action of high-speed impact and thermal coupling load show extremely strong nonlinear characteristics. In the high-speed impact problem of the PC thin plate, the strong impact causes the thin plate to generate irreversible large deformation, the viscoplastic deformation causes energy dissipation, the dissipated energy is converted into heat energy to cause local temperature rise on the thin plate, the temperature and the impact rate influence the mechanical property of the thin plate, and further influence the deformation and the damage form of the thin plate. In conclusion, the method reasonably analyzes the high-speed impact problem of the PC sheet, accurately describes various thermodynamic phenomena involved in the problem, and has important scientific significance for predicting deformation and damage behaviors of the PC sheet under high-speed impact load and designing the impact resistance of high-performance PC products.
A rectangular PC fender Impact problem analysis method is disclosed in the literature "Shah Q H.Impact resistance of a rectangular polycarbonate array substrate subject to single and multiple impacts, 2009,36(9): 1128-. A series of analyses of horizontal impact, impact with an incident angle, single-trajectory impact, multiple impact and the like are carried out, and the relation between the thickness of the PC plate and the size of a bullet mark, deformation and damage forms of the PC plate under different impact forms, impact resistance design points of the PC protection plate under multiple impact loads and the like are obtained.
However, the analysis method disclosed in the background literature has the following two problems: in the numerical analysis process, a linear follow-up hardening elastoplastic model is selected as the PC material model, and actually, the PC material model has obvious viscoelastic-plastic characteristics, and the mechanical property depends on temperature, strain rate and hydrostatic stress; the numerical analysis is based on the conventional assumption of small deformation without considering the large deformation toughness failure behavior of the PC thin plate under strong impact load, and thus it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the numerical analysis result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for simulating the large deformation toughness damage problem of a polycarbonate sheet under high-speed impact load, which combines theory-experiment-simulation, fully determines the deformation and damage forms of the PC sheet under different impact conditions by the experimental method through the combination of experiment-simulation by fully using the experimental determination, theoretical modeling and numerical analysis means, establishes a PC constitutive model fully considering the large deformation, thermal coupling, temperature and strain rate sensitivity under the finite deformation and consistency thermodynamic framework, develops a novel PC material model by using a custom material subprogram module in finite element software, develops finite element simulation of the high-speed impact problem of the PC sheet, the high-efficiency analysis and accurate prediction of the large-deformation toughness failure behavior of the PC sheet under the high-speed impact load are realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the simulation method for the large deformation toughness damage problem of the polycarbonate sheet under the high-speed impact load is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the coupling influence rule of the temperature, the strain rate and the hydrostatic stress on the mechanical property of the PC material through uniaxial tension and compression experiments in the set temperature and strain rate range of the PC test piece; the coupling influence law comprises nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up hybrid hardening and thermal coupling; obtaining deformation and damage forms of the PC plate under different impact conditions through a high-speed ballistic impact test of the PC thin plate; the impact conditions comprise the thickness of the PC thin plate, the impact speed and the impact angle;
step 2: under the framework of finite deformation and consistent thermodynamics, performing constitutive modeling on a PC material based on deformation gradient and heat-elasticity-plasticity decomposition of Hencky strain, and introducing typical thermodynamics characteristics of the PC material into the model, wherein the typical thermodynamics characteristics comprise nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up mixed hardening, thermal coupling and large viscoplasticity deformation;
and step 3: according to the coupling influence rule obtained in the step 1, the PC constitutive model obtained in the step 2 is utilized, numerical development and finite element integration of the constitutive model are realized through a custom material subprogram in finite element software, and a novel PC material model is created in a finite element software material library;
and 4, step 4: establishing a PC thin plate and impact warhead finite element model in finite element software, and defining warhead initial speed, thin plate boundary conditions, thin plate material properties, contact form and contact parameters between the thin plate and the warhead; the sheet material attribute is defined according to the novel PC material model obtained in the step 3;
and 5: and (3) carrying out high-speed ballistic impact finite element simulation on the PC sheet, reading a stress field, a deformation field, a temperature field and a damage form on the sheet by a finite element software post-processing module, analyzing the influence rule of the impact speed and the impact angle on the deformation damage form of the sheet, and acquiring the maximum temperature rise value, the critical damage angle and the critical damage speed on the sheet.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention determines the deformation and damage state of the PC sheet under high-speed impact load by an experimental method, establishes a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic PC constitutive model under the finite deformation and consistency thermomechanical framework, applies the model to finite element simulation and numerical prediction of the PC sheet high-speed impact problem by a secondary development module in finite element software (such as ABAQUS), and realizes the high-efficiency combination of experiment-theory-simulation. The provided analysis method fully considers the neglected non-linear viscoelastic-plastic property of the PC material and the large deformation toughness failure behavior of the PC sheet under the high-speed impact load in the background literature, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the analysis result.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the critical failure energy value and the thickness of a PC thin plate, and circles indicate penetration and crosses indicate non-penetration.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the deformation of a PC sheet when the warhead is struck at a velocity of 65 m/s.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of PC sheet penetration breakdown upon frontal impact of a warhead at 80 m/s.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the deformation of a PC sheet when the warhead impacts at a speed of 80m/s and a deflection angle of 30 degrees.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the deformation of a PC sheet when the warhead impacts at a velocity of 80m/s and a deflection angle of 45 degrees.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The simulation method for the large deformation toughness damage problem of the PC sheet under the high-speed impact load comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1: determining the coupling influence rule of the temperature, the strain rate and the hydrostatic stress on the mechanical property of the PC material through uniaxial tension and compression experiments in the set temperature and strain rate range of the PC test piece; the coupling influence law comprises nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up hybrid hardening and thermal coupling; obtaining deformation and damage forms of the PC plate under different impact conditions through a high-speed ballistic impact test of the PC thin plate; the impact conditions include PC sheet thickness, impact velocity, impact angle.
In this example, tensile and compressive test pieces of PC material were prepared, and the test pieces were placed in a dry box at room temperature for 48 hours before the experiment to release the residual stress caused during the processing. Quasi-static tensile and compression experiments are carried out on a CRIMS DNS100 universal mechanics experiment machine, dynamic compression experiments are carried out on a split Hopkinson pressure bar device SHPB, and dynamic tensile experiments are carried out on a split Hopkinson tension bar device SHTB. The high-temperature environment and the low-temperature environment in the experiment are respectively realized through liquid nitrogen refrigeration and resistance wire heating, and all experiments are repeated for three times so as to ensure the experiment precision.
The ballistic test is carried out on an air gun device, and the device mainly comprises a high-pressure air gun system, a test clamping platform, a high-speed camera, a laser velocimeter and a signal collecting system. In the test, the bullet diameter was 12.7mm, the mass was 38.7g, the side length of the square PC sheet excluding the clamped portion was 200mm, and the thickness was divided into 5 groups. The test results are shown in the following table:
the critical failure energy values of the PC sheets with different thicknesses are shown in FIG. 1, wherein the abscissa of the graph is the sheet thickness, the ordinate is the impact energy of the bullet, the circle indicates that the bullet penetrates through the PC sheet, and the cross mark indicates the maximum energy value which can be generated by the air cannon in the impact test, and the PC sheet is close to failure.
Step 2: under the framework of finite deformation and consistent thermodynamics, based on deformation gradient and thermal-elastic-plastic decomposition of Hencky strain, constitutive modeling of the PC material is carried out, and the model introduces typical thermodynamics of the PC material, wherein the typical thermodynamics comprises nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up hybrid hardening, thermal coupling and large viscoplasticity deformation.
To describe the large deformation ductile failure behavior of PC components, the constitutive model is based on the thermal-elastic-plastic multiplicative decomposition of the following deformation gradient:
F＝FeFpFθ (1)
wherein F is a deformation gradient, FeFor elastic deformation gradient, FpFor viscoplastic deformation gradients, FθIs a thermal deformation gradient.
Helmholtz free energy equation psi contains the thermoelastic sphere strain delta, elastic Hencky strain offset
Plastic Hencky Strain hpInternal variable xi respectively representing strain softening and strain hardening1And xi2Temperature θ:
starting from the energy conservation (first law of thermodynamics), the principle of entropy increase (second law of thermodynamics) and the principle of imaginary work, the following entropy inequality can be finally derived:
wherein p represents the hydrostatic stress, s represents the stress deflection number,
denotes the elastic deformation ratio, DpRepresents the viscoplastic deformation rate, eta represents the entropy density, q represents the heat flow density,
representing the temperature field gradient.
The thermoelastic constitutive relation of the PC material is as follows:
wherein K (θ) and μ (θ) are bulk and shear moduli, both as a function of temperature; α is a coefficient of thermal expansion, θrIs the reference temperature.
The viscoplastic flow law is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing a non-negative viscoplastic multiplier, and B represents the thermodynamic driving force for viscoplastic flow.
The temperature evolution equation is as follows:
in the formula, c represents the specific heat capacity of the material, rho represents the density of the material, h represents a heat source, omega represents the conversion rate of inherent dissipation to heat, and pi represents the inherent dissipation brought by the inelastic process.
The PC material ductile failure criteria are as follows:
in the formula, hfIndicating strain to failure, when failure criterion
The material is subject to ductile failure.
And step 3: and (3) according to the coupling influence rule obtained in the step (1), utilizing the PC constitutive model obtained in the step (2), realizing the numerical development and finite element integration of the constitutive model through a custom material subprogram in finite element software, and creating a novel PC material model in a finite element software material library.
In this embodiment, based on the custom material subprogram module VUMAT in the Explicit finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit, the numerical development and finite element integration of the constitutive model established in step 2 are realized, a novel PC material model is developed in the finite element software material library, and the stability and the calculation efficiency of the model are verified through the hexahedral element uniaxial quasi-static and dynamic finite element analysis.
And 4, step 4: establishing a PC thin plate and impact warhead finite element model in finite element software, and defining warhead initial speed, thin plate boundary conditions, thin plate material properties, contact form and contact parameters between the thin plate and the warhead; wherein the sheet material properties are defined according to the new PC material model obtained in step 3.
In this embodiment, a CAD model of an impact warhead and a PC sheet was created in a finite element software CATIA, the warhead diameter was 12.7mm, and the warhead was composed of a cylinder and a hemisphere spliced together, the cylinder length was 35mm, the hemisphere radius was 6.35mm, the square PC sheet thickness was 1.5mm, and the side length was 200 mm. An 8-node Explicit linear thermal coupling reduction integral unit is applied to an Explicit finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit to carry out meshing of a PC thin plate model, the meshing of the PC thin plate adopts a gradient mode, the central area adjacent to an impact point is dense in meshes, the boundary area is sparse in meshes, and a rigid body unit is applied to carry out meshing of warheads. The contact form between the warhead and the PC thin plate is defined as erosion type face-to-face contact, the periphery of the PC thin plate is fixedly supported in the simulation process, the initial temperature on the PC thin plate is 25 ℃, the impact speed of the warhead is preset to be 65m/s and 80m/s, and the included angles between the impact direction and the normal direction of the thin plate are 0 degree, 30 degrees and 45 degrees.
And 5: and (3) carrying out high-speed ballistic impact finite element simulation on the PC sheet, reading a stress field, a deformation field, a temperature field and a damage form on the sheet by a finite element software post-processing module, analyzing the influence rule of the impact speed and the impact angle on the deformation damage form of the sheet, and acquiring the maximum temperature rise value, the critical damage angle and the critical damage speed on the sheet.
In the embodiment, a simulation result is drawn by an ABAQUS/Explicit post-processing module, and a stress field, a temperature field, a deformation field and a ductile failure form of the PC sheet in the impact process are read; when the bullet impacts the PC thin plate at the front side at the speed of 65m/s, the thin plate is subjected to large viscoplastic deformation, but the bullet does not penetrate the PC thin plate, as shown in FIG. 2; when the bullet impacts the PC thin plate from the front at the speed of 80m/s, large deformation and toughness damage occur on the thin plate, and the bullet penetrates through the PC thin plate, as shown in FIG. 3; when the bullet impacts the PC thin plate at the speed of 80m/s and the deflection angle of 30 degrees and 45 degrees, the viscoplastic deformation is generated on the thin plate, but the PC thin plate is not penetrated, as shown in the figures 4 and 5; and summarizing the influence rule of the impact speed and the impact angle of the warhead on the deformation damage form of the PC sheet, and obtaining critical damage angles, critical damage speeds and other key parameters.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A simulation method for the problem of large deformation toughness damage of a polycarbonate sheet under high-speed impact load is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the coupling influence rule of the temperature, the strain rate and the hydrostatic stress on the mechanical property of the PC material through uniaxial tension and compression experiments in the set temperature and strain rate range of the PC test piece; the coupling influence law comprises nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up hybrid hardening and thermal coupling; obtaining deformation and damage forms of the PC plate under different impact conditions through a high-speed ballistic impact test of the PC thin plate; the impact conditions comprise the thickness of the PC thin plate, the impact speed and the impact angle;
step 2: under the framework of finite deformation and consistent thermodynamics, performing constitutive modeling on a PC material based on deformation gradient and heat-elasticity-plasticity decomposition of Hencky strain, and introducing typical thermodynamics characteristics of the PC material into the model, wherein the typical thermodynamics characteristics comprise nonlinear yield transformation, strain softening, isotropic-follow-up mixed hardening, thermal coupling and large viscoplasticity deformation;
and step 3: according to the coupling influence rule obtained in the step 1, the PC constitutive model obtained in the step 2 is utilized, numerical development and finite element integration of the constitutive model are realized through a custom material subprogram in finite element software, and the PC material model is established in a finite element software material library;
and 4, step 4: establishing a PC thin plate and impact warhead finite element model in finite element software, and defining warhead initial speed, thin plate boundary conditions, thin plate material properties, contact form and contact parameters between the thin plate and the warhead; the sheet material attribute is defined according to the PC material model obtained in the step 3;
and 5: and (3) carrying out high-speed ballistic impact finite element simulation on the PC sheet, reading a stress field, a deformation field, a temperature field and a damage form on the sheet by a finite element software post-processing module, analyzing the influence rule of the impact speed and the impact angle on the deformation damage form of the sheet, and acquiring the maximum temperature rise value, the critical damage angle and the critical damage speed on the sheet.
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| CN110795885B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2023-08-04 | 东北大学 | Finite element simulation method for transformation induced plasticity in TRIP steel dynamic deformation process |
| CN111523217A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-11 | 河海大学 | Method for predicting shock resistance and optimizing structure of laminated glass |
| CN113360972B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2023-12-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Kawate reticulated shell impact simulation method with roof board |
| CN117540493B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-12 | 天目山实验室 | Protection-bearing integrated optimization design method for aircraft protection structure |
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