CN108849751A - 一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,属于动物养殖领域。所述东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,包括以下步骤:(1)建好蝎池;(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂;(3)蝎子的病害防治。本发明的养殖方法实现了蝎子的规模化养殖,能够有效防止蝎子蝎螨病的发生,提高了蝎子的成活率。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及动物养殖领域,具体涉及一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法。
【背景技术】
东亚全蝎属节肢动物门类,原为野生,一年生一胎,后经人工养殖,通过保持一定的温、湿度,促使蝎子正常生长发育,现一年可生二胎,它是一种珍贵的药用动物。人工养蝎投资少,占地小(每平方米垛成立方可投放种蝎2000只左右),业余时间管理即可,室内外都可饲养。
东亚全蝎是冷血动物,本身是一种毒物,一般不会传染病害,不用防疫,即使是由于干、湿、挤、压等环境因素造成伤亡,有的蝎仍可制成药材,具有一定的经济价值。
蝎子属于昼伏夜出的动物,喜温热,喜欢在透气良好的缝隙中,夜出觅食,喜潮怕湿,喜暗惧怕强光刺激。喜群居,好静不好动,并且有识窝和认群的习性。一般在大群蝎窝内大都有雌有雄,有大有小,和睦相处,很少发生相互残杀现象。但若不是同窝蝎子,相遇后往往会相互残杀。
蝎子栖舍四周应无企业污染、噪音、保持空气清新,环境宁静,无天敌害(鼠蚁)其生长发育最适宜的温度为25~39℃之间。气温在35℃~39℃,蝎子最为活跃及生长发育加快,产仔和交配也大都在此温度范围内进行。温度超过41℃,蝎体内水分被蒸发,若此时既不及时降温,又不及时补充水分的话,则蝎子很易出现脱水而死亡。温度超过43℃时,蝎子就很快死亡。蝎子活动与生长发育和繁殖与温度密切相关,最佳温度是35~38℃之间。
蝎子的一般寿命大约8年左右,而繁殖产仔期约有5年左右。按生长发育阶段为分为1-7龄蝎、孕产蝎。其中1-7龄蝎的年龄不是按年度计算,而是按脱衣次数计算。在温室条件下仔蝎的4天左右可长到1~2龄;50天左右可长到2~3龄,105天左右可长到3~4龄;160天左右可长到4~5龄;215天左右可长到5~6龄大约;280天左右可长到6~7龄。
目前在人工养殖东亚全蝎的过程中仍存在很多问题,比如蝎螨病发病率较高,成活率较低,影响了养殖户的经济收入。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,实现了蝎子的规模化养殖,能够有效防止蝎子蝎螨病的发生,提高了蝎子的成活率。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建好蝎池:采用池养法,在室内建池,蝎池用砖砌成,池子长宽不限,高度为80cm;池子砌好后,再在蝎池四周内粘贴上玻璃或铁皮,以防止蝎子逃跑,池底部铺上10-15cm厚的沙土,并砸结实,然后铺瓦,将瓦片一横一竖地摆放,将蝎子倒在建好的池里让其自由钻入栖息;
(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂:以黄粉虫为饲料,投食次数多少以温度高低而定,温度在15度以下,6-7天喂一次,温度在20-30度,3-5天喂一次;投食时间在18:30-19:00;同时在蝎池内放置饮水盘,盘中放入质量分数为0.05%-0.09%食盐水,盘周围可放点树支或树叶供蝎子自由爬进爬出饮水;每星期在所述食盐水中投放中草药浸膏粉,所述食盐水与中草药浸膏粉的重量比为8-10:1;所述中草药浸膏粉由板兰根、金银花、鱼腥草、穿心连制成;
(3)蝎子的病害防治:每个月用中草药消毒液喷雾到蝎池内消毒一次,所述中草药消毒液由由艾叶、大蒜、柴胡制成。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中,每平方米蝎池的饲养密度为:2龄蝎10000只左右,3龄蝎6000只左右,4龄蝎4500只左右,5龄蝎3000只左右,成年蝎2000只左右,种蝎700只左右。
进一步地,所述种蝎为抗病、适应性强、体型大、无残缺、健壮活泼、肚内有大米粒状的种蝎。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述中草药浸膏粉按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取板兰根30-50份、金银花10-15份、鱼腥草8-10份、穿心连5-7份粉碎,加入6倍原料总重量的体积分数为40%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,然后浓缩干燥至含水量≤5%,得到中草药浸膏粉。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述中草药消毒液按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取艾叶50-60份、大蒜20-30份、柴胡8-11份粉碎,加入5倍原料总重量的体积分数为80%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,得到中草药消毒液。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,通过模拟自然环境的方式解决温度、湿度和饲料的问题,适应了蝎子喜暖怕冷、喜潮怕湿、喜阳怕光、昼伏夜出、喜钻孔、喜活食、喜群居的需求,有效提高了蝎子养殖成功率。
(2)本发明采用中草药浸膏粉喂养和中草药消毒液消毒,有效防止蝎子蝎螨病的发生。
(3)综上,本养殖方法工艺步骤简单、能够提高蝎子的产量和质量。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建好蝎池:采用池养法,在室内建池,蝎池用砖砌成,池子长宽不限,高度为80cm;池子砌好后,再在蝎池四周内粘贴上玻璃或铁皮,以防止蝎子逃跑,池底部铺上10-15cm厚的沙土,并砸结实,然后铺瓦,将瓦片一横一竖地摆放,将蝎子倒在建好的池里让其自由钻入栖息;
(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂:以黄粉虫为饲料,投食次数多少以温度高低而定,温度在15度以下,6天喂一次,温度在20-30度,4天喂一次;投食时间在18:30-19:00;同时在蝎池内放置饮水盘,盘中放入质量分数为0.07%食盐水,盘周围可放点树支或树叶供蝎子自由爬进爬出饮水;每星期在所述食盐水中投放中草药浸膏粉,所述食盐水与中草药浸膏粉的重量比为9:1;所述中草药浸膏粉由板兰根、金银花、鱼腥草、穿心连制成;
(3)蝎子的病害防治:每个月用中草药消毒液喷雾到蝎池内消毒一次,所述中草药消毒液由由艾叶、大蒜、柴胡制成。
其中,步骤(1)中,每平方米蝎池的饲养密度为:2龄蝎10000只左右,3龄蝎6000只左右,4龄蝎4500只左右,5龄蝎3000只左右,成年蝎2000只左右,种蝎700只左右。
其中,所述种蝎为抗病、适应性强、体型大、无残缺、健壮活泼、肚内有大米粒状的种蝎。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述中草药浸膏粉按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取板兰根40份、金银花13份、鱼腥草9份、穿心连6份粉碎,加入6倍原料总重量的体积分数为40%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,然后浓缩干燥至含水量≤5%,得到中草药浸膏粉。
其中,步骤(3)中,所述中草药消毒液按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取艾叶55份、大蒜26份、柴胡9份粉碎,加入5倍原料总重量的体积分数为80%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,得到中草药消毒液。
实施例2
一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建好蝎池:采用池养法,在室内建池,蝎池用砖砌成,池子长宽不限,高度为80cm;池子砌好后,再在蝎池四周内粘贴上玻璃或铁皮,以防止蝎子逃跑,池底部铺上10-15cm厚的沙土,并砸结实,然后铺瓦,将瓦片一横一竖地摆放,将蝎子倒在建好的池里让其自由钻入栖息;
(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂:以黄粉虫为饲料,投食次数多少以温度高低而定,温度在15度以下,6天喂一次,温度在20-30度,3天喂一次;投食时间在18:30-19:00;同时在蝎池内放置饮水盘,盘中放入质量分数为0.05%食盐水,盘周围可放点树支或树叶供蝎子自由爬进爬出饮水;每星期在所述食盐水中投放中草药浸膏粉,所述食盐水与中草药浸膏粉的重量比为8:1;所述中草药浸膏粉由板兰根、金银花、鱼腥草、穿心连制成;
(3)蝎子的病害防治:每个月用中草药消毒液喷雾到蝎池内消毒一次,所述中草药消毒液由由艾叶、大蒜、柴胡制成。
其中,步骤(1)中,每平方米蝎池的饲养密度为:2龄蝎10000只左右,3龄蝎6000只左右,4龄蝎4500只左右,5龄蝎3000只左右,成年蝎2000只左右,种蝎700只左右。
其中,所述种蝎为抗病、适应性强、体型大、无残缺、健壮活泼、肚内有大米粒状的种蝎。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述中草药浸膏粉按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取板兰根30份、金银花10份、鱼腥草8份、穿心连5份粉碎,加入6倍原料总重量的体积分数为40%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,然后浓缩干燥至含水量≤5%,得到中草药浸膏粉。
其中,步骤(3)中,所述中草药消毒液按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取艾叶50份、大蒜20份、柴胡8份粉碎,加入5倍原料总重量的体积分数为80%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,得到中草药消毒液。
实施例3
一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建好蝎池:采用池养法,在室内建池,蝎池用砖砌成,池子长宽不限,高度为80cm;池子砌好后,再在蝎池四周内粘贴上玻璃或铁皮,以防止蝎子逃跑,池底部铺上10-15cm厚的沙土,并砸结实,然后铺瓦,将瓦片一横一竖地摆放,将蝎子倒在建好的池里让其自由钻入栖息;
(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂:以黄粉虫为饲料,投食次数多少以温度高低而定,温度在15度以下,7天喂一次,温度在20-30度,5天喂一次;投食时间在18:30-19:00;同时在蝎池内放置饮水盘,盘中放入质量分数为0.09%食盐水,盘周围可放点树支或树叶供蝎子自由爬进爬出饮水;每星期在所述食盐水中投放中草药浸膏粉,所述食盐水与中草药浸膏粉的重量比为10:1;所述中草药浸膏粉由板兰根、金银花、鱼腥草、穿心连制成;
(3)蝎子的病害防治:每个月用中草药消毒液喷雾到蝎池内消毒一次,所述中草药消毒液由由艾叶、大蒜、柴胡制成。
其中,步骤(1)中,每平方米蝎池的饲养密度为:2龄蝎10000只左右,3龄蝎6000只左右,4龄蝎4500只左右,5龄蝎3000只左右,成年蝎2000只左右,种蝎700只左右。
其中,所述种蝎为抗病、适应性强、体型大、无残缺、健壮活泼、肚内有大米粒状的种蝎。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述中草药浸膏粉按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取板兰根50份、金银花15份、鱼腥草10份、穿心连7份粉碎,加入6倍原料总重量的体积分数为40%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,然后浓缩干燥至含水量≤5%,得到中草药浸膏粉。
其中,步骤(3)中,所述中草药消毒液按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取艾叶60份、大蒜30份、柴胡11份粉碎,加入5倍原料总重量的体积分数为80%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,得到中草药消毒液。
对比例1:
在实施例1的基础上,将步骤(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂中,不投放中草药浸膏粉,其余与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2:
在实施例1的基础上,将步骤(3)蝎子的病害防治中,用75%乙醇替代中草药消毒液,其余与实施例1完全相同。
对实施例1~3、对比例1~2所述方法饲养的蝎子性状进行调查,结果如下表所示:
成活率(%) | 蝎螨病率(%) | |
实施例1 | 92 | 2 |
实施例2 | 90 | 2 |
实施例3 | 95 | 1 |
对比例1 | 78 | 6 |
对比例2 | 81 | 8 |
其中,成活率是指蝎子从出生到成年这个阶段小蝎子的成活数量;
由表1中数据可知,本发明采用中草药浸膏粉喂养和中草药消毒液消毒的方式,有效防止了蝎螨病的发生,提高了蝎子的成活率。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)建好蝎池:采用池养法,在室内建池,蝎池用砖砌成,池子长宽不限,高度为80cm;池子砌好后,再在蝎池四周内粘贴上玻璃或铁皮,以防止蝎子逃跑,池底部铺上10-15cm厚的沙土,并砸结实,然后铺瓦,将瓦片一横一竖地摆放,将蝎子倒在建好的池里让其自由钻入栖息;
(2)蝎子的饲料及其饲喂:以黄粉虫为饲料,投食次数多少以温度高低而定,温度在15度以下,6-7天喂一次,温度在20-30度,3-5天喂一次;投食时间在18:30-19:00;同时在蝎池内放置饮水盘,盘中放入质量分数为0.05%-0.09%食盐水,盘周围可放点树支或树叶供蝎子自由爬进爬出饮水;每星期在所述食盐水中投放中草药浸膏粉,所述食盐水与中草药浸膏粉的重量比为8-10:1;所述中草药浸膏粉由板兰根、金银花、鱼腥草、穿心连制成;
(3)蝎子的病害防治:每个月用中草药消毒液喷雾到蝎池内消毒一次,所述中草药消毒液由由艾叶、大蒜、柴胡制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,每平方米蝎池的饲养密度为:2龄蝎10000只左右,3龄蝎6000只左右,4龄蝎4500只左右,5龄蝎3000只左右,成年蝎2000只左右,种蝎700只左右。
3.根据权利要求2所述的东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,其特征在于:所述种蝎为抗病、适应性强、体型大、无残缺、健壮活泼、肚内有大米粒状的种蝎。
4.根据权利要求1所述的东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述中草药浸膏粉按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取板兰根30-50份、金银花10-15份、鱼腥草8-10份、穿心连5-7份粉碎,加入6倍原料总重量的体积分数为40%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,然后浓缩干燥至含水量≤5%,得到中草药浸膏粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的东亚全蝎的室内养殖方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述中草药消毒液按照以下方法制得:按重量份称取艾叶50-60份、大蒜20-30份、柴胡8-11份粉碎,加入5倍原料总重量的体积分数为80%的乙醇70~80℃提取2小时,过滤,得到中草药消毒液。
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