CN108831990A - The preparation method of resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element - Google Patents
The preparation method of resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element Download PDFInfo
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- CN108831990A CN108831990A CN201810637464.1A CN201810637464A CN108831990A CN 108831990 A CN108831990 A CN 108831990A CN 201810637464 A CN201810637464 A CN 201810637464A CN 108831990 A CN108831990 A CN 108831990A
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CDHOWLYGLQODNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl(=O)(=O)O.[F] Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)O.[F] CDHOWLYGLQODNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQNGWRSKYZLJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Ba] Chemical compound [Ca].[Ba] FQNGWRSKYZLJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOVYDOCVEQSJNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Li].[Nb] Chemical compound [Pb].[Li].[Nb] UOVYDOCVEQSJNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOLMBQLGENFKLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Mg].[Nb] Chemical compound [Pb].[Mg].[Nb] FOLMBQLGENFKLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWXBAFPAYLDYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Zr].[Ti] Chemical compound [Pb].[Zr].[Ti] IWXBAFPAYLDYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical group [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011411 calcium sulfoaluminate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006333 epoxy cement Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/04—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
- H10N30/045—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/02—Forming enclosures or casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/08—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
- H10N30/085—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by machining
- H10N30/086—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by machining by polishing or grinding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/08—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
- H10N30/085—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by machining
- H10N30/088—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by machining by cutting or dicing
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element, including：The first step prepares d15The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, i.e. d15Mode element；Second step prepares d33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, i.e. d33Mode element；Third step utilizes d15Mode element and d33Mode element prepares resultant stress sensor, mainly includes：On cement matrix two-by-two every one side on adjacent three surfaces, a d is arranged33Mode element and a d15Mode element；Three d15The polarization direction of mode element is vertical two-by-two, three d33The polarization direction of mode element is also vertical two-by-two.Resultant stress transducer sensitivity prepared by the present invention is high, frequency response is wide, anti-jamming effectiveness is good, and good with concrete structure compatibility.By its embedded concrete structure inside or it is pasted on concrete structural surface, the resultant stress of concrete structure can be measured simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cement base piezoelectric composite material technical fields, more particularly to one kind to be based on cement base piezoelectric composite wood
Expect the preparation method of the resultant stress sensor of element.
Background technique
Field of civil engineering, concrete structure are most widely used civil structures.In the bulk life time of concrete structure
In, the safety and stability of structure is more highly important.Therefore, in recent years, the health monitoring of concrete structure increasingly by
To attention.Sensing element used in field of civil engineering at present has typically used the material of comparative maturity in other fields
Material, such as optical fiber, piezoelectric ceramics, memorial alloy.Most important structural material-in these materials and field of civil engineering
Often there is obviously consistency problems for concrete.It cannot in situ, really reflect the ess-strain of concrete structure
Situation.Therefore, exploitation can be directly embedded into inside concrete, be directly used in the sensor of inside concrete triaxiality measurement very
It is necessary.
Cement base piezoelectric composite material has been developed in recent years a kind of new function material, good with piezoelectric property,
Mechanical-electric coupling performance is prominent, with concrete material mechanics, acoustical behavior matching is good the features such as, in the health of civil engineering structure
There is potential application prospect in monitoring.Based on cement base piezoelectric composite material sensor made of cement base piezoelectric composite material
Overcome the traditional sensors problem incompatible with concrete structure, high sensitivity and durability is good can be used for concrete structure
The monitoring for situations such as internal stress strains.But there is no can directly measure whole stress states inside concrete structure at present
Effective means, if can develop can be directly embedded into inside concrete, be directly used in inside concrete direct stress and shear stress is same
When the resultant stress sensor that measures, have great importance for the stress measurement of the inside concrete under working condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparations of resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element
Method, prepared resultant stress sensor are suitable for the resultant stress measurement inside concrete structure.
The preparation method of resultant stress sensor provided by the invention based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element, including：
The first step prepares d15The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, specifically includes：
(101) it polarizes to piezoelectric ceramics block；
(102) remove the polarizing electrode of piezoelectric ceramics block；
(103) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles, obtains piezoelectric ceramics column
Array, cut direction are vertical with polarization direction；
(104) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected in pedestal merging mold, cement matrix is cast in mold, casting complete
Afterwards, it is put into curing box maintenance；
(105) after the completion of conserving, green body is taken out, cuts away pedestal, and rubbing down is carried out to green body；
(106) working electrode is made perpendicular to two apparent surfaces of cut direction in green body, that is, obtains the body of ceramics pole
The d that product accounting is 20%~80%15The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, is abbreviated as d15Mode element；
Second step prepares d33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, specifically includes：
(201) it polarizes to piezoelectric ceramics block；
(202) remove the polarizing electrode of piezoelectric ceramics block；
(203) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles, obtains piezoelectric ceramics column
Array, cut direction are parallel with polarization direction；
(204) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected in pedestal merging mold, cement matrix is cast in mold, casting complete
Afterwards, it is put into curing box maintenance；
(205) after the completion of conserving, green body is taken out, cuts away pedestal, and rubbing down is carried out to green body；
(206) working electrode is made perpendicular to two apparent surfaces of cut direction in green body, that is, obtains the body of ceramics pole
The d that product accounting is 20%~80%33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, is abbreviated as d33Mode element；
Third step utilizes d15Mode element and d33Mode element prepares resultant stress sensor, specifically includes：
(301) by d15Mode element and d33The working electrode of mode element is drawn by conducting wire；
(302) by three d15Mode element and three d33The cement matrix that mode element is arranged in cube is adjacent two-by-two
Three surfaces on, a d is arranged in every one side33Mode element and a d15Mode element；Three d15The polarization side of mode element
To vertical two-by-two, three d33The polarization direction of mode element is also vertical two-by-two；
(303) using encapsulating material to the d being arranged on cement matrix15Mode element and d33Mode element carries out whole
Encapsulation, and solidify；
(304) shielded layer is prepared outside encapsulated layer using shielding material；
It (305) will be with d15Mode element and d33The conducting wire of the working electrode connection of mode element connects shielding line, in addition,
Shielding line also passes through another conducting wire connection shielded layer.
Further, in the first step and second step, before being cast in mold using cement matrix, to water in vacuum equipment
Mud substrate carries out vacuumize process；While using mold is cast in using cement matrix, mold is vacuumized and is vibrated.
Further, cement matrix used in the first step and second step is mixed by cement, flyash and water,
In, the mass ratio of flyash and cement is (0.05~0.5)：1, the ratio of mud is (0.2~0.7)：1.
Further, the formula of the encapsulating material includes epoxy resin, flyash, cement, curing agent and water, wherein
Epoxy resin, flyash and cement are main encapsulating material, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin, flyash and cement is (0.5~1)：
(0.05~0.5)：1, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent is (1~4)：1, the mass ratio of water and predominant package material is
(0.2~0.7)：1.
Further, the formula of the shielding material includes graphite powder, cement and water, wherein based on graphite powder and cement
Want shielding material, the mass ratio of graphite powder and cement is (0.05~0.3)：1, the mass ratio of water and main shielding material is (0.2
~0.7)：1.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
(1) the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing the 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material elements of designed, designed, then using prepared
1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element prepare resultant stress sensor, prepared resultant stress transducer sensitivity is high,
Frequency response is wide, anti-jamming effectiveness is good, and good with concrete structure compatibility.Resultant stress sensor prepared by the present invention is buried
Enter inside concrete structure or be pasted on concrete structural surface, the direct stress of concrete structure can be measured simultaneously and cut and answered
Power is of great significance to application of the cement base piezoelectric composite material in concrete structure health monitoring.
(2) the 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of both of which prepared by resultant stress sensor of the present invention, it is right
Cement matrix is improved, and keeps cement base piezoelectric composite material structure finer and close, to improve cement base piezoelectric composite material
Stability.
(3) resultant stress sensor of the present invention prepares encapsulated layer using the mixture of epoxy resin, cement and flyash, can mention
The sensitivity of high resultant stress sensor and bandwidth, and it is high to encapsulate adhesion strength；Meanwhile also there is good heat resistance, alkaline-resisting
Property and insulating properties, play the role of protection and encapsulation to both of which 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element.
(4) resultant stress sensor of the present invention prepares shielded layer using the mixture of cement and graphite powder, which makes entirely
Strain gauge and concrete structure have good coupling effect, and have good noise isolation effect, can be improved and answer entirely
The signal-to-noise ratio of force snesor.
(5) resultant stress sensor of the present invention can preferably reduce noise effect using copper conductor and shielding copper core cable.
(6) preparation process of the present invention is simple to operation, is suitble to large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is d in embodiment15The preparation process flow of mode element；
Fig. 2 is d in embodiment33The preparation process flow of mode element；
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of resultant stress sensor in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the triaxiality schematic diagram of any spatial point in concrete structure；
Fig. 5 is d in the present invention33Mode element and d15The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of mode element, wherein figure (a) is d33Mould
The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of formula element, figure (b) are d15The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of mode element；
Fig. 6 is the preparation process flow of resultant stress sensor in embodiment.
In figure, 1- piezoelectric ceramics block, 2- polarizing electrode, 3- ceramics pole, 4- pedestal, 5- cement matrix, 6- green body, 7- work
Electrode, the first d of 8-15Mode element, the 2nd d of 9-15Mode element, the 3rd d of 10-15Mode element, the first d of 11-33Mode element,
The 2nd d of 12-33Mode element, the 3rd d of 13-33Mode element, 14- cement matrix, 15- encapsulated layer, 16- shielded layer, 17- conducting wire,
18- shielding line, 19- charge；
Polarizing electrode step is removed in a and f expression, and b and g indicate ceramic cutting column step, and c and h indicate cement matrix casting
Step, d and i indicate cutting base and rubbing down step, and e and j indicate production working electrode step.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention and/or technical solution in the prior art, Detailed description of the invention sheet will be compareed below
The specific embodiment of invention.It should be evident that drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings others
Attached drawing, and obtain other embodiments.
For ease of description, by d in text15Mode and d33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, respectively letter
It is denoted as d15Mode element and d33Mode element.
In present embodiment, d is prepared using cutting-casting15Mode element, preparation process are shown in Fig. 1, specific to walk
It is rapid as follows：
(101) it polarizes to having a size of 8mm × 8mm × 8mm piezoelectric ceramics block 1, piezoelectric ceramics block 1 can be zirconium titanium
Lead plumbate piezoelectric ceramics block, magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics block, niobium lithium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics block etc..
(102) remove the polarizing electrode 2 of piezoelectric ceramics block 1.
(103) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block 1 is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles 3, obtains piezoelectric ceramics
Column array, cut direction are vertical with polarization direction.Ceramics pole 3 is having a size of 2mm × 2mm × 7mm.
(104) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected pedestal 4 to be placed in mold, cement matrix 5 is cast in mold, is poured
Cheng Hou is put into curing box maintenance.
Preferably, before implementing this step, supersonic wave cleaning machine can be used, ultrasound is carried out to piezoelectric ceramics column array
Cleaning, removes remaining ceramic residues, to avoid the performance for influencing element.And then the piezoelectric ceramics column array after drying
It is placed in mold.
To eliminate the bubble in cement matrix, the compactness of cement matrix is improved, the cement matrix of preparation is carried out abundant
After stirring, it is put into vacuum equipment and carries out vacuumize process；Meanwhile being poured using vibrating casting method is vacuumized, that is, it is poured
While vacuumize and swing die.
To reduce the hole in cement matrix, enhances the compactness of cement matrix, it is compound to further increase cement base piezoelectric
The overall performance of material, the present invention also provides a kind of cement matrixs mixed by cement, flyash and water, wherein powder
The mass ratio of coal ash and cement is (0.05~0.5)：1, the ratio of mud is (0.2~0.7)：1.The ratio of mud refers to mWater：(mFlyash+
mCement), wherein mWater、mFlyash、mCementRespectively indicate the quality of water, flyash, cement.Sulphate aluminium cement, sulphur aluminium can be used in cement
Sour barium calcium cement, portland cement, chloric acid salt cement, fluorine chloric acid salt cement etc.；I grade of flyash, II grade of powder can be used in flyash
Coal ash, III grade of flyash etc..It is poured using the cement matrix, the densification for improving cement base piezoelectric composite material can be obviously improved
Property, to obtain better stability.
(105) after the completion of conserving, green body 6 is taken out, pedestal 4 is cut away, and rubbing down is carried out to green body 6, until the institute of green body 6
There is surface to be completely exposed the end of ceramics pole 3.In present embodiment, the size of ceramics pole 3 in the green body 6 that finally obtains
For 2mm × 2mm × 6mm.
(106) surface that 3 both ends of ceramics pole are exposed in green body 6, i.e., perpendicular to two apparent surface's systems of cut direction
Make working electrode 7, i.e. acquisition d15Mode element.The working electrode 7 includes anode and cathode.D made by the present embodiment15
In mode element, the volume accounting of ceramics pole 3 is 20%~80%, and working electrode 7 uses low-temperature conductive silver paste.
In present embodiment, d is equally prepared using cutting-casting33Mode element, preparation process referring to fig. 2,
Specific step is as follows：
(201) it polarizes to having a size of 8mm × 8mm × 8mm piezoelectric ceramics block 1, piezoelectric ceramics block 1 can be zirconium titanium
Lead plumbate piezoelectric ceramics block, magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics block, niobium lithium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics block etc..
(202) remove the polarizing electrode 2 of piezoelectric ceramics block 1.
(203) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block 1 is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles 3, obtains piezoelectric ceramics
Column array；Cut direction is parallel with the polarization direction of piezoelectric ceramics block 1.Ceramics pole 3 is having a size of 2mm × 2mm × 7mm.
(204) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected pedestal 4 to be placed in mold, cement matrix 5 is cast in mold, is poured
Cheng Hou is put into curing box maintenance.
Preferably, before implementing this step, supersonic wave cleaning machine can be used, ultrasound is carried out to piezoelectric ceramics column array
Cleaning, removes remaining ceramic residues, to avoid the performance for influencing element.And then the piezoelectric ceramics column array after drying
It is placed in mold.
For the bubble in elimination cement matrix, the compactness of cement matrix is improved, after cement matrix is sufficiently stirred,
It is put into vacuum equipment and carries out vacuumize process；Meanwhile be poured using vibrating casting method is vacuumized, that is, be poured while into
Row vacuumizes and swing die.
To reduce the hole in cement matrix, enhances the compactness of cement matrix, it is compound to further increase cement base piezoelectric
The overall performance of material, the present invention also provides a kind of cement matrixs mixed by cement, flyash and water, wherein powder
The mass ratio of coal ash and cement is (0.05~0.5)：1, the ratio of mud is (0.2~0.7)：1.The ratio of mud refers to mWater：(mFlyash+
mCement), wherein mWater、mFlyash、mCementRespectively indicate the quality of water, flyash, cement.Sulphate aluminium cement, sulphur aluminium can be used in cement
Sour barium calcium cement, portland cement, chloric acid salt cement, fluorine chloric acid salt cement etc.；I grade of flyash, II grade of powder can be used in flyash
Coal ash, III grade of flyash etc..It is poured using the cement matrix, the densification for improving cement base piezoelectric composite material can be obviously improved
Property, to obtain better stability.
(205) after the completion of conserving, green body 6 is taken out, pedestal 4 is cut away, and rubbing down is carried out to green body 6, until the institute of green body 6
There is surface to be completely exposed ceramics pole 3.In the present embodiment, in the green body 6 that finally obtains the size of ceramics pole 3 be 2mm × 2mm ×
6mm。
(206) surface that 3 both ends of ceramics pole are exposed in green body 6, i.e., perpendicular to two apparent surfaces of cut direction, system
Make working electrode 7, i.e. acquisition d33Mode element.Made d33In mode element, the volume accounting of ceramics pole 3 is 20%~
80%.In present embodiment, working electrode 7 uses low-temperature conductive silver paste.
Referring to Fig. 3, it show based on d15Mode element and d33The resultant stress sensor of mode element production.It is described to answer entirely
Force snesor mainly includes three d15Mode element and three d33Mode element, three d15Mode element is denoted as the first d respectively15
Mode element 8, the 2nd d15Mode element 9, the 3rd d15Mode element 10, three d33Mode element is denoted as the first d respectively33Mode
Element 11, the 2nd d33Mode element 12, the 3rd d33Mode element 13.Three d15Mode element and three d33Mode element arrangement
In the cement matrix 14 two-by-two on adjacent three faces of a cubic type, a d is arranged in every one side33Mode element and a d15
Mode element.In present embodiment, the first d15Mode element 8 and the first d33Mode element 11 is arranged on the same face, the
Two d15Mode element 9 and the 2nd d33Mode element 12 is arranged on the same face, the 3rd d15Mode element 10 and the 3rd d33Mode member
Part 13 is arranged on the same face.D in the present embodiment, in every one side15Mode element and d33The working electrode of mode element and institute
It is parallel in face.
D is arranged on cement matrix 1415Mode element and d33When mode element, the d that arranges15Mode element and d33Mould
Formula element, polarization direction should be mutually perpendicular to two-by-two in space, i.e. three d15The polarization direction of mode element should be vertical two-by-two, and three
d33The polarization direction of mode element also should be vertical two-by-two.For example, see Fig. 3, the first d15The polarization direction of mode element 8 exists
X-y plane and it is parallel to the direction y, the 2nd d15The reversal of polarization of mode element 9 is in x-z-plane and is parallel to the direction x, the 3rd d15
The polarization direction of mode element 10 is in y-z plane and is parallel to the direction z.
Three d15Mode element and three d33Mode element covering is equipped with encapsulated layer 15, and encapsulated layer 15 is coated with shielding
Layer 16, wherein three d15Mode element and three d33The working electrode of mode element passes through conducting wire 17 and leads to shielded layer 16
Outside, and shielding line 18 is connected, the shielding line 18 also connects shielded layer 16 by another conducting wire.In present embodiment, lead
Line 17 uses copper conductor, and shielding line 18 is using shielding copper core.
Referring to fig. 4, it show the triaxiality schematic diagram of any spatial point in concrete structure.According to theory of mechanics of materials
It is found that can be by analyzing the small regular hexahedron cell cube for surrounding the spatial point around a spatial point, to study the sky
Between the space stress state put.In Fig. 4, σx、σy、σzRespectively indicate the direct stress in three directions of x, y, z；τxy、τyx、τyz、τzy、
τxz、τzxRespectively spatial cuboids are by shearing stress, numerically τxy=τyx, τyz=τzy, τxz=τzx.It is therefore possible for the detected that space is vertical
Direct stress and shear stress on adjacent three faces of cube, that is, may know that whole stresses of spatial point.Resultant stress of the present invention passes
In sensor, d33Mode element is used to measure direct stress, d15Mode element is used to measure shear stress.In three phases of cement matrix
Proximal surface, each face are respectively arranged d15Mode element and d33Mode element can measure the stress of spatial point.
Fig. 5 gives d33Mode element and d15The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of mode element, is shown in Fig. 5 (a), show d33Mould
The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of formula element, when direct stress σ is applied on element body, element body generates current potential along polarization direction
It moves, accumulates equivalent on two 7 surfaces of working electrode therewith but the opposite charge 19 of symbol, the direct stress σ applied can pass through σ
=q/ (d33* it a) calculates, q indicates the quantity of electric charge, d33Indicate d33The piezoelectric constant of mode element, a indicate d33The work of mode element
The area of electrode surface.Therefore, d33Mode element can monitor direct stress.
See Fig. 5 (b), show d15The piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of mode element, when shear stress τ is applied on element body
When, it is parallel at two on 7 surface of working electrode of polarization direction, equivalent but the opposite charge 19 of symbol can be accumulated, applied
Shear stress τ can pass through τ=q/ (d15* it a) calculates, q indicates the quantity of electric charge, d15Indicate d15The piezoelectric constant of mode element, a are indicated
d15The area of the working electrode surface of mode element.
So prepared d33Mode element can be used for measuring direct stress, prepared d15Mode element measurement, which is cut, answers
Power.In three adjacent surfaces of cement matrix, each face is respectively arranged d33Mode element and d15Mode element can measure space
The stress of point.
In present embodiment, it is based on d15Mode element and d33The resultant stress sensor of mode element, preparation process
Referring to Fig. 6, specific step is as follows：
(301) by d15Mode element and d33The working electrode of mode element is drawn by conducting wire.
(302) by d15Mode element and d33Mode element is arranged in the cement matrix of cube adjacent three tables two-by-two
On face.
(303) using encapsulating material to the d being arranged on cement matrix15Mode element and d33Mode element carries out whole
Encapsulation, and solidify.Encapsulating material used is epoxy resin structure adhesive.
In present embodiment, the encapsulated layer is used to protect and encapsulate d15Mode element and d33Mode element is matched
Side includes epoxy resin, flyash, cement, curing agent and water, wherein epoxy resin, flyash and cement are main package material
Material, the mass ratio of epoxy resin, flyash and cement are (0.5~1)：(0.05~0.5)：1, the matter of epoxy resin and curing agent
Amount is than being (1~4)：1, the mass ratio of water and predominant package material is (0.2~0.7)：1.Preferably, epoxy resin is AB-
Be in the milk resin, E-55 epoxy resin or W95 epoxy resin；Cement is sulphate aluminium cement, barium-bearing calcium sulfo-aluminate cement, silicate cement
Mud, chloric acid salt cement or fluorine chloric acid salt cement；Flyash is I grade of flyash, II grade of flyash or III grade of flyash.Present invention envelope
Sensitivity and the bandwidth of resultant stress sensor can be improved in dress layer, and viscous with the 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element
Knotting strength is high, has good heat resistance, alkali resistance and insulating properties etc..
(304) shielded layer is prepared outside encapsulated layer using shielding material, used shielding material is cement base shielding material.
In present embodiment, the shielded layer, formula includes graphite powder, cement and water, wherein graphite powder and water
Mud is main shielding material, and the mass ratio of graphite powder and cement is (0.05~0.3)：1, the mass ratio of water and main shielding material
For (0.2~0.7)：1.Preferably, the cement is sulphate aluminium cement；The graphite powder is superfine graphite powder.The present invention
Shielded layer can make resultant stress sensor and concrete structure have preferable coupling effect, and can make resultant stress sensor preferably
Shielding noise improves the signal-to-noise ratio of resultant stress sensor.
It (305) will be with d15Mode element and d33The conducting wire of the working electrode connection of mode element connects shielding line, in addition,
Shielding line also passes through another conducting wire connection shielded layer.
Resultant stress sensor of the present invention can be used for monitoring the resultant stress of concrete structural surface or inside, specially：It will be complete
Strain gauge is pasted on concrete structural surface or is placed in inside concrete structure, can monitor concrete structural surface or interior
The direct stress and shear stress in portion, to realize the health monitoring of concrete structure.
Be described in above-described embodiment to illustrate the present invention, though text in be illustrated by specific term, not
Can be limited the scope of protection of the present invention with this, be familiar with this technical field personage can understand spirit of the invention with it is right after principle
It changes or modifies and reaches equivalent purpose, and this equivalent change and modification, should all be covered by scope of the claims institute circle
Determine in scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of the resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element, characterized in that including：
The first step prepares d15The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, specifically includes：
(101) it polarizes to piezoelectric ceramics block；
(102) remove the polarizing electrode of piezoelectric ceramics block；
(103) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles, obtains piezoelectric ceramics column battle array
Column, cut direction are vertical with polarization direction；
(104) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected in pedestal merging mold, cement matrix is cast in mold, after casting complete,
It is put into curing box maintenance；
(105) after the completion of conserving, green body is taken out, cuts away pedestal, and rubbing down is carried out to green body；
(106) working electrode is made perpendicular to two apparent surfaces of cut direction in green body, i.e. the volume of acquisition ceramics pole accounts for
Than the d for 20%~80%15The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, is abbreviated as d15Mode element；
Second step prepares d33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, specifically includes：
(201) it polarizes to piezoelectric ceramics block；
(202) remove the polarizing electrode of piezoelectric ceramics block；
(203) cutting machine is utilized, piezoelectric ceramics block is cut into several evenly distributed ceramics poles, obtains piezoelectric ceramics column battle array
Column, cut direction are parallel with polarization direction；
(204) piezoelectric ceramics column array is connected in pedestal merging mold, cement matrix is cast in mold, after casting complete,
It is put into curing box maintenance；
(205) after the completion of conserving, green body is taken out, cuts away pedestal, and rubbing down is carried out to green body；
(206) working electrode is made perpendicular to two apparent surfaces of cut direction in green body, i.e. the volume of acquisition ceramics pole accounts for
Than the d for 20%~80%33The 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material element of mode, is abbreviated as d33Mode element；
Third step utilizes d15Mode element and d33Mode element prepares resultant stress sensor, specifically includes：
(301) by d15Mode element and d33The working electrode of mode element is drawn by conducting wire；
(302) by three d15Mode element and three d33Mode element is arranged in the cement matrix of cube adjacent three two-by-two
On surface, a d is arranged in every one side33Mode element and a d15Mode element；Three d15The polarization direction of mode element is two-by-two
Vertically, three d33The polarization direction of mode element is also vertical two-by-two；
(303) using encapsulating material to the d being arranged on cement matrix15Mode element and d33Mode element carries out overall package,
And solidify；
(304) shielded layer is prepared outside encapsulated layer using shielding material；
It (305) will be with d15Mode element and d33The conducting wire of the working electrode connection of mode element connects shielding line, in addition, shielding line
Shielded layer is also connected by another conducting wire.
2. the preparation method of the resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in：
In the first step and second step, before being cast in mold using cement matrix, cement matrix is taken out in vacuum equipment
It is vacuum-treated；While using mold is cast in using cement matrix, mold is vacuumized and is vibrated.
3. the preparation method of the resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in：
Cement matrix used in the first step and second step is mixed by cement, flyash and water, wherein flyash and cement
Mass ratio be (0.05~0.5)：1, the ratio of mud is (0.2~0.7)：1.
4. the preparation method of the resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in：
The formula of the encapsulating material includes epoxy resin, flyash, cement, curing agent and water, wherein epoxy resin, fine coal
Ash and cement are main encapsulating material, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin, flyash and cement is (0.5~1)：(0.05~0.5)：1,
The mass ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent is (1~4)：1, the mass ratio of water and predominant package material is (0.2~0.7)：1.
5. the preparation method of the resultant stress sensor based on cement base piezoelectric composite material element as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in：
The formula of the shielding material includes graphite powder, cement and water, wherein graphite powder and cement are main shielding material, stone
The mass ratio of ink powder and cement is (0.05~0.3)：1, the mass ratio of water and main shielding material is (0.2~0.7)：1.
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| CN109357795A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林建筑大学 | A kind of cement base piezoelectric composite material sensor |
| CN112462157A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving output charge of piezoelectric material in crack sensing element |
| CN115166057A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-11 | 江苏大学 | Method for measuring wave speed change based on acoustic emission |
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| CN109357795A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林建筑大学 | A kind of cement base piezoelectric composite material sensor |
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| CN112462157A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving output charge of piezoelectric material in crack sensing element |
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