CN108824406B - Fish collecting device and method suitable for ship lift to pass fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fish collecting device and method suitable for fish passing of a ship lift, and belongs to the cross field of hydraulic engineering technology and ecological protection. The invention combines the fish passing method of the ship lift, introduces the high dam energy dissipation technology into the fish collecting device, realizes that the fish collecting device is independent of the ship lift, improves the fish passing efficiency of the ship lift, and solves the contradiction between ecological protection and hydraulic engineering construction; the device comprises a water diversion part, a fish passing channel and a fish collecting pond part; the water diversion part is used for guiding upstream water to the fish passing channel and controlling water flow so as to meet the water flow conditions of migration of different fishes; the fish passing channel part is built by depending on a downstream navigation wall of the ship lift, and underwater fish gathering lamps are arranged along the way; the fish collecting pool part is used for connecting the fish channel with a navigation channel of the ship lift so as to gather and rest fishes. Compared with the traditional fish collecting device and fish passing facility, the fish passing efficiency can be improved, the fish passing times of the ship lift can be reasonably allocated, and the ship passing time is reduced, so that the problem of fish passing through a high dam is effectively solved.

Description

Fish collecting device and method suitable for ship lift to pass fish

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the crossing field of hydraulic engineering technology and ecological protection, and relates to a fish collecting device and method suitable for fish passing of a ship lift.

Background

As is well known, the construction of water conservancy facilities such as dams and the like is favorable for flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation and other advantages. However, the ecological environment is affected to various degrees, and especially the migration passage of fish is obstructed. In order to protect river fishery resources and water ecological environment and maintain ecological balance, research and construction of fish passing facilities become very important. The fish passing facilities are developed to date, and various types such as fishways, fish gates, fish lifts and the like emerge. Among them, fishways are the most common fish-passing measures as an ecological compensation project. However, the one-time investment is large, the applicable water head is poor, and in terms of the operation practice of the engineering fishway, although a plurality of successful fishway projects exist, a plurality of fishway projects with poor or even invalid operation efficiency exist, and the operation is the same at home and abroad. Although the one-time investment of the fish lock and the fish elevator is small, and the fish lock and the fish elevator are both suitable for the high dam and the larger reservoir water level amplitude, the operation management and the maintenance cost are both higher.

Based on the above, a fish migration channel which is low in investment, suitable for high water head and high in fish passing efficiency is urgently sought. Chinese patent publication No. CN107700456A discloses an automatic fish passing device for a ship lift, which is provided with a first water pipe with a first opening on one side and a second water pipe with a second opening on the other side of a cabin body of the ship lift, and an upstream horizontal door and a downstream horizontal door on one end and the other end of the cabin body of the ship lift. The fish luring or collecting device is provided with a first water flow jet pipe and a first sound fish driving device through the upstream falling door, and a second water flow jet pipe and a second sound fish driving device are arranged on the downstream falling door. Chinese patent publication No. CN107574798A discloses a fish-passing type ship lift with independent fish boxes, which comprises independent fish boxes and cabins, and is characterized in that: the independent fish box is connected with the ship compartment through the transfer track and the groove track, the fish luring or collecting device is characterized in that a fishing net is arranged in the independent fish box, and sound wave fish repellers are arranged on two sides of a bottom plate at the bottom of the independent fish box. Chinese patent publication No. CN207419432U discloses an ecological ship lift with a fish passage, which comprises a bottom plate, an inclined plate, a partition plate and a vertical plate, wherein the fish passage is additionally arranged in a ship box of the ship lift. Therefore, the three devices are provided with the fish passing device for the hydraulic junction without the special fish passing device by utilizing the built ship lift to add the additional structure, so that the device is suitable for high water head conditions and reduces investment. However, it should be understood that the three devices all need to be added with related structures or even modified depending on the main structure of the ship chamber, so that the safety of the main structure of the ship chamber or the efficiency of ship passing a dam can be affected to a certain extent. More importantly, the fish luring or collecting devices of the three devices are all arranged at the position of the ship chamber, on one hand, compared with a large-range static water body in the navigation channel of the ship lift, the device is difficult to form a more obvious fish favorite (or induction) flow velocity, and the distance between the ship chamber and the entrance door of the navigation channel is far, so that the device is difficult to lure fish to the ship chamber; on the other hand, it is difficult to control the number of fish passed each time. At present, the commonly adopted fish luring or collecting technologies comprise water flow fish luring, sound control fish luring, light fish luring, ultrasonic fish luring, physical barriers, electric fish driving and driving machines and the like. However, the fish luring or collecting technology mainly aims at the fishway inlet, and has less fish collecting mode for fish passing through a high dam. Chinese patent publication No. CN206554016U discloses a high dam fish attracting and collecting device based on flow field manufacture, which sucks fish into a fish attracting and collecting box through acousto-optic technology, and pumps the fish from a tailrace to a hump type overflow weir in the fish collecting box by a water pump to construct a favorite flow field of the fish. Therefore, the device is also a local fish gathering mode.

The invention provides a fish collecting device and method suitable for a ship lift to pass fish by combining long-distance fish luring in a fish passing mode of the ship lift and being independent of the fish collecting requirement of the ship lift, and aims to achieve the aims of high fish passing efficiency, controllable fish passing frequency of the ship lift, suitability for high water head and cost saving.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a fish collecting device and method suitable for a ship lift to pass fish, which introduces a high dam energy dissipation technology into the fish collecting device, and makes the fish collecting device independent from the ship lift, thereby improving the fish passing efficiency of the ship lift and solving the contradiction between ecological protection and hydraulic engineering construction.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a fish collecting device suitable for fish passing by a ship lift, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

a fish collecting device suitable for a ship lift to pass fish comprises a water diversion part, a fish passing channel and a fish collecting pond part; the water diversion part is used for guiding upstream water to the fish passing channel and controlling water flow so as to meet the water flow conditions of migration of different fishes; the fish passing channel part is established by depending on a downstream navigation wall of the ship lift; the fish collecting pool part is used for connecting the fish channel with a navigation channel of the ship lift so as to gather and rest fishes.

Further, the water diversion part comprises a water diversion pipeline, an energy dissipation facility, a valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter; upstream water enters the fish passing channel and the fish collecting pond from the water diversion pipeline through the energy dissipation facility, and the water flow is controlled by an electromagnetic flowmeter; the valve and the electromagnetic flowmeter are arranged in the water conduit.

Further, the energy dissipation facility comprises a vertical shaft and an underflow energy dissipation pool.

Further, the underflow stilling pool comprises a stilling ridge.

Further, the bottom slope of the fish passing channel is 1:100, and a flat section channel is arranged in the middle; the number of the flat-section channels can be multiple, and a flat section with the length of 5m is arranged every 30m for the rest of fishes; the inlet of the fish passing channel is close to the center of the river channel and is provided with an electric grid.

Furthermore, the intersection angle of the electric grid and the water flow direction is 35-45 degrees.

Furthermore, an underwater fish gathering lamp is arranged along the fish passing channel and used for attracting fish.

Furthermore, the fish collecting pond is a double-box fish collecting pond and is arranged at the tail end of the fish filtering channel and comprises a fish filtering net, a fish collecting pond I, a fish collecting pond II, a gate I and a gate II; the water diversion part leads upstream water into the fish collecting pond I and then flows into the fish passing channel, and a fish filtering net is arranged between the tail end of the water diversion part and the fish collecting pond I to prevent fishes from going up; collection fish pond I and the end-to-end connection who crosses the fish passageway are provided with gate I between collection fish pond I and the collection fish pond II, and collection fish pond II is provided with gate II with the approach channel of ship lift.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a fish collecting method suitable for fish passing by a ship lift, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method of fish gathering suitable for fish passing on a ship lift, the method comprising the steps of:

step 1) opening a valve of a water diversion part, enabling flowing water to enter a fish collecting pond I and a fish passing channel after energy dissipation of a vertical shaft and an underflow stilling basin, and controlling water flow through an electromagnetic flowmeter;

step 2) when the water in the fish collecting pond I is fully stored and the water flow in the fish passing channel is stable, setting a gate I of the fish collecting pond in an open state and setting a gate II in a closed state; arranging electric grid fish luring at the inlet of the fish passing channel, and arranging an underwater fish gathering lamp along the fish passing channel to guide the fish into the fish passing channel;

step 3) enabling the fishes to pass through the fish passage to the fish collecting ponds I and II, closing the gate I, opening the gate II and closing the working door II when the fish collecting quantity in the fish collecting pond II reaches a set value;

step 4), the water level in the fish collecting pond II is slowly reduced to the water level in the navigation channel, a fish collecting lamp and an air curtain are adopted in the ship receiving chamber to induce the fish to swim from the gate opening II to the ship receiving chamber, when the fish basically swim to the ship receiving chamber, a downstream horizontal door and a working door I of the ship receiving chamber are closed, and a ship lift lifting device is started;

and 5) after the fishes move upstream along with the ship reception chamber, forming a bubble wall in fish eyes by the bubble curtain, enabling bubbles to rise, vibrate and sound, and expelling the fishes under the combined action of vision, hearing and sound vibration.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fish collecting device and the method suitable for the ship lift to pass the fish are combined with a fish passing method of the ship lift, the high dam energy dissipation technology is introduced into the fish collecting device, the fish collecting device is independent of the ship lift, the fish passing efficiency of the ship lift is improved, and the contradiction between ecological protection and hydraulic engineering construction is solved. According to the invention, the fish passage is built depending on the downstream navigation wall of the ship lift, so that the problem that the long distance in the navigation channel of the ship lift is not suitable for fish migration can be effectively solved; energy dissipation is carried out by utilizing a vertical shaft and the underflow energy dissipation pool so as to reduce the engineering quantity of energy dissipation measures arranged in the fish passing channel; the fish passing efficiency is improved by utilizing the operating efficiency of the double-box fish collecting pond and the ship lift; compared with the traditional fish collecting device and fish passing facility, the invention has the characteristics of high fish passing efficiency, controllable fish passing times of the ship lift, low engineering cost, small occupied area and the like.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a general layout of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a water conduit and valve and electromagnetic flow meter;

FIG. 3 is a vertical shaft and underflow stilling basin;

FIG. 4 is a fish passageway;

FIG. 5 is a fish collecting pond;

fig. 6 shows a navigation channel and a ship reception chamber of the ship lift;

FIG. 7 shows fish passing through the fish passageway inlet;

FIG. 8 shows fish passing through a fish collection tank;

FIG. 9 shows fish swimming from the fish-collecting pond to the ship lift approach;

FIG. 10 shows fish swimming to the ship-receiving chamber of the ship lift;

fig. 11 shows the starting of the lift lifting device.

Reference numerals: 1-a water diversion part; 2-passing through a fish channel; 3-collecting the fish pond; 4-ship reception chamber; 5-a ship lift downstream navigation wall; 6-a ship lift approach channel; 7-a water conduit; 8-energy dissipation facilities; 9-a valve; 10-an electromagnetic flow meter; 11-a shaft; 12-a bottom flow stilling pool; 13-Xiaolikang; 14-an electric grid; 15-fish filtering net; 16-fish collecting pond I; 17-fish collecting pool II; 18-gate I; 19-gate II; 20-downstream flap gate; 21-a working door I; 22-working door II; 23-fishing lamp.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The fish collecting device suitable for the ship lift to pass fish is combined with a fish passing method of the ship lift, a high dam energy dissipation technology is introduced into the fish collecting device, the fish collecting device is independent of the ship lift, and the fish passing efficiency of the ship lift is effectively improved.

As shown in fig. 1, the device is mainly composed of three parts: (1) the water diversion part 1 is composed of a water diversion pipeline 7 and an energy dissipation facility 8 and guides upstream water to the fish passing channel 2 and the fish collecting pond 3. Wherein, a valve 9 and an electromagnetic flowmeter 10 are arranged in the water conduit 7, and the inlet flow of the conduit is controlled to meet the migration conditions of different types of fishes. In order to achieve the flow velocity required by the fishes, the energy dissipation facility 8 adopts a combined type of a vertical shaft 11 and an underflow stilling basin 12; (2) the fish passing channel 2 is arranged by depending on the downstream navigation wall 5 of the ship lift, and underwater fish gathering lamps 23 are arranged along the way; (3) the fish collecting pond 3 part consists of a double-box fish collecting pond 3 and is used for connecting the fish channel 2 and the ship lift navigation channel 6 for fish gathering and rest. The underflow stilling pool 12 comprises a stilling ridge 13.

The water diversion part 1 consists of a water diversion pipeline 7, an energy dissipation facility 8, and a valve 9 and an electromagnetic flowmeter 10 which are arranged between the water diversion pipeline 7, wherein the valve 9 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 10 are arranged in the water diversion pipeline 7, and as shown in figure 2, the inlet flow of the pipeline is controlled; to achieve the required flow rate through the fish, the dissipater 8 is formed by a combination of a shaft 11 and an underflow dissipater 12 as shown in figure 3. Upstream water enters the fish passing channel 2 from the water conduit 7 through the energy dissipation facility 8, and the inlet flow is controlled by the electromagnetic flowmeter 10, so that water flow conditions suitable for different types of migratory fishes are formed in the fish passing channel 2.

The approach of the water to the still water in the approach channel does not satisfy the condition of fish migration, and if the flow velocity suitable for the fish migration is generated in the approach channel, the water consumption is huge, which is contrary to the original purpose of relieving the ecological influence generated by damming. The invention depends on a navigation wall of a downstream approach channel of a ship lift to arrange a fish passing channel 2 with a bottom slope of 1:100, as shown in figure 4, the middle of the fish passing channel is also provided with a flat section channel, and a flat section with the length of 5m is arranged at intervals of 30m between the flat sections for the rest of fishes, so that the fishes can smoothly pass through the fish passing channel 2 to reach a fish collecting pond 3. An electric grid 14 is arranged at the inlet of the fish passage 2 close to the center of the river channel, and the intersection angle of the electric grid 14 and the water flow direction is determined according to the actual engineering and is preferably 35-45 degrees generally; and the underwater fish gathering lamp 23 is used to achieve the effect of attracting fish.

The water level of the tail end of the fish passing channel 2 is higher than the water level of the navigation channel 6 of the ship lift, as shown in fig. 5, a double-box fish collecting pond is arranged at the tail end of the fish passing channel 2, and the fish passing channel 2 is reasonably connected with the navigation channel by lifting the water level in the fish collecting pond 3. The fish collecting pond 3 comprises a fish filtering net 15, a fish collecting pond I16, a fish collecting pond II 17, a gate I18 and a gate II 19, upstream water is introduced into the fish collecting pond I16 by the water diversion part 1 and then flows into the fish passing channel 2, and the fish filtering net 15 is arranged between the tail end of the water diversion part 1 and the fish collecting pond I16 to prevent fishes from going up; the I16 and the end connection of crossing fish passageway 2 of collection fish pond are provided with gate I18 between I16 and the II 17 of collection fish pond, and collection fish pond II 17 and the approach 6 of ship lift are provided with gate II 19.

When the fish collecting pool II 17 reaches the set fish collecting quantity, the gate I18 is closed, the gate II 19 is opened, the water level in the fish collecting pool II 17 is lowered, the fishes enter the navigation channel through the gate II 19, and meanwhile, the fishes are gathered in the fish collecting pool I16 through the fish passage 2 to wait for the reopening of the gate I18. When the fish in the fish collecting pool II 17 swim out, the gate II 19 is closed.

The ship lift part comprises a pilot channel 6 and a ship reception chamber 4, as shown in fig. 6; the navigation channel comprises a working door I21 and a working door II 22, and the outlet of the fish collecting pond gate II 19 is positioned in the area between the working door I21 and the working door II 22; the working door I21 is arranged between the navigation channel 6 and the ship reception chamber 4 at the upstream end of the navigation channel, and the working door II 22 is arranged at the downstream of the working door I21 and used for blocking fish. Underwater fish collecting lamps 23 and the like are distributed in the ship receiving chamber 4 of the ship lift so as to achieve the purpose of attracting fish into the chamber. An air curtain is arranged in the ship reception chamber 4, and the effects of attracting and driving fishes are achieved by controlling the frequency and the size of the generated bubbles. When the fishes are in the navigation channel, bubble barriers are generated in the ship reception chamber 4, and the sound repelling performance of the fishes enables the fishes to swim to the bubble curtains; and when the fishes move to the upstream along with the ship reception chamber 4, the bubble wall is formed in the fish eyes by the bubble curtain, and the bubbles rise to vibrate and sound, so that the fishes can be driven out under the combined action of vision, hearing and sound vibration.

The invention provides a fish collecting method suitable for fish passing by a ship lift, which specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1) opening a valve 9 of a water diversion part 1, enabling flowing water to enter a fish collecting pond I16 and a fish passing channel 2 after energy dissipation of flowing water through a vertical shaft 11 and an underflow stilling pool 12, and controlling water flow through an electromagnetic flowmeter 10;

step 2) when the water in the fish collecting pond I16 is fully stored and the water flow in the fish passing channel 2 is stable, setting the gate I18 of the fish collecting pond I to be in an open state and setting the gate II 19 to be in a closed state; an electric grid 14 is arranged at the inlet of the fish passing channel 2 for attracting fish, an underwater fish gathering lamp 23 is arranged along the fish passing channel 2 for guiding the fish into the fish passing channel 2, as shown in fig. 7;

step 3) the fishes pass through the fish passage 2 to the fish collecting ponds I16 and II 17, as shown in fig. 8, when the number of the fishes collected in the fish collecting pond II 17 reaches a set value, the gate I18 is closed, the gate II 19 is opened, and the working door II 22 is closed, as shown in fig. 9;

and 4) slowly reducing the water level in the fish collecting pool II 17 to the water level in the navigation channel, and inducing the fish to swim from the gate opening II to the ship receiving chamber 4 by adopting a fish collecting lamp 23 and an air curtain in the ship receiving chamber 4, as shown in figure 10. When the fishes basically swim into the ship reception chamber 4, the downstream lying door 20 and the working door I21 of the ship reception chamber 4 are closed, and the ship lift lifting equipment is started, as shown in FIG. 11;

and step 5) after the fishes move upstream along with the ship reception chamber 4, forming a bubble wall in fish eyes by the bubble curtain, enabling bubbles to rise, vibrate and sound, and expelling the fishes under the combined action of vision, hearing and sound vibration.

At present, the fish passing problem of the high dam is relatively less researched, and the fish passing efficiency is often poor. The invention provides a fish collecting device and method suitable for a ship lift to pass fish on the basis of a fish passing method of the ship lift, and the device and method have the characteristics of high fish passing efficiency, controllable fish passing times of the ship lift, low engineering cost, small occupied area and the like. The invention can be used in a built, under-built or planned hydro-junction with a ship lift.

Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A fish collecting method of a fish collecting device suitable for a ship lift to pass fish, the fish collecting device comprises a water diversion part, a fish passing channel and a fish collecting pond part; the water diversion part is used for guiding upstream water to the fish passing channel and controlling water flow so as to meet the water flow conditions of migration of different fishes; the fish passing channel part is established by depending on a downstream navigation wall of the ship lift; the fish collecting pool part is used for connecting a fish channel and a navigation channel of the ship lift so as to gather and rest fishes; the water diversion part comprises a water diversion pipeline, an energy dissipation facility, a valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter; upstream water enters the fish passing channel and the fish collecting pond from the water diversion pipeline through the energy dissipation facility, and the water flow is controlled by an electromagnetic flowmeter; the valve and the electromagnetic flowmeter are arranged in the water conduit; the energy dissipation facility comprises a vertical shaft and an underflow energy dissipation pool; the bottom flow stilling pool comprises stilling ridges; the bottom slope of the fish passing channel is 1:100, and a flat section channel is arranged in the middle; the number of the flat-section channels is multiple, and a flat section with the length of 5m is arranged every 30m for the fish to rest; the inlet of the fish passing channel is close to the center of the river channel and is provided with an electric grid; the intersection angle of the electric grid and the water flow direction is 35-45 degrees; an underwater fish gathering lamp is arranged along the fish passing channel and used for attracting fish; the fish collecting pond is a double-box fish collecting pond and is arranged at the tail end of the fish passing channel, and comprises a fish filtering net, a fish collecting pond I, a fish collecting pond II, a gate I and a gate II; the water diversion part leads upstream water into the fish collecting pond I and then flows into the fish passing channel, and a fish filtering net is arranged between the tail end of the water diversion part and the fish collecting pond I to prevent fishes from going up; collect fish pond I and the end-to-end connection who crosses the fish passageway, be provided with gate I between fish pond I and the fish pond II, collection fish pond II is provided with gate II, its characterized in that with the approach channel of ship lift: the fish gathering method comprises the following steps:

step 1) opening a valve of a water diversion part, enabling flowing water to enter a fish collecting pond I and a fish passing channel after energy dissipation of a vertical shaft and an underflow stilling basin, and controlling water flow through an electromagnetic flowmeter;

step 2) when the water in the fish collecting pond I is fully stored and the water flow in the fish passing channel is stable, setting a gate I of the fish collecting pond in an open state and setting a gate II in a closed state; arranging electric grid fish luring at the inlet of the fish passing channel, and arranging an underwater fish gathering lamp along the fish passing channel to guide the fish into the fish passing channel;

step 3) enabling the fishes to pass through the fish passage to the fish collecting ponds I and II, closing the gate I, opening the gate II and closing the working door II when the fish collecting quantity in the fish collecting pond II reaches a set value;

step 4), the water level in the fish collecting pond II is slowly reduced to the water level in the navigation channel, a fish collecting lamp and an air curtain are adopted in the ship receiving chamber to induce the fish to swim from the gate opening II to the ship receiving chamber, when the fish basically swim to the ship receiving chamber, a downstream horizontal door and a working door I of the ship receiving chamber are closed, and a ship lift lifting device is started;

and 5) after the fishes move upstream along with the ship reception chamber, forming a bubble wall in fish eyes by the bubble curtain, enabling bubbles to rise, vibrate and sound, and expelling the fishes under the combined action of vision, hearing and sound vibration.

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