CN108801870A - It is a kind of can under simulation stratum condition reservoir rock imbibition experimental provision and method - Google Patents
It is a kind of can under simulation stratum condition reservoir rock imbibition experimental provision and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置和方法。该实验装置包括烘箱，烘箱内部设置有烘干室和测量室；测量室中设置有高压岩心夹持器，高压岩心夹持器的一端与水槽管道连接，水槽和高压岩心夹持器之间依次设置有水泵和第一压力表；高压岩心夹持器的另一端与水银管管道连接，高压岩心夹持器和水银管之间设置有精度为0.1％的高精度压力表；高压岩心夹持器的侧壁上开设有围压注入孔，围压注入孔与围压注入泵管道连接，围压注入孔与围压注入泵之间设置有第二压力表。该实验装置实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境、围压环境和缝隙内有压流体环境的可控模拟，使岩心吸水量的测量结果更贴近实际情况。
The invention provides an experimental device and method capable of simulating reservoir rock seepage under formation conditions. The experimental device includes an oven, and a drying chamber and a measurement chamber are arranged inside the oven; a high-pressure core holder is arranged in the measurement chamber, and one end of the high-pressure core holder is connected to a water tank pipeline, and the water tank and the high-pressure core holder are sequentially connected to each other. A water pump and a first pressure gauge are provided; the other end of the high-pressure core holder is connected to the mercury tube, and a high-precision pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.1% is set between the high-pressure core holder and the mercury tube; the high-pressure core holder A confining pressure injection hole is opened on the side wall of the casing, the confining pressure injection hole is connected to the confining pressure injection pump pipeline, and a second pressure gauge is arranged between the confining pressure injection hole and the confining pressure injection pump. The experimental device realizes the controllable simulation of the core temperature environment, the confining pressure environment and the pressurized fluid environment in the fracture under the formation conditions, so that the measurement result of the core water absorption is closer to the actual situation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于油气田开发技术领域，涉及一种可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置和方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and relates to an experimental device and method capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions.
背景技术Background technique
随着非常规天然气资源的不断探明和实验性开发，针对非常规天然气资源的研究在不断深入。目前，在研究致密储层，特别是低渗透页岩气储层时，评价储层岩石自发渗吸强度是研究的重点之一。首先，由于低渗透储层孔隙吼道小，自发渗吸现象比常规储层更为明显，该效应引起的毛管力会对储层产生很大的影响。其次，低渗储层对不同地层或者人工注入的液体的自吸能力不同，需要评价不同地层或者人工注入的液体对低渗地层的储层伤害。再次，低渗储层普遍非均质性较强，在开发页岩气过程中，需要对井段下不同地层或同一地层不同位置的页岩进行多次取样评价。With the continuous discovery and experimental development of unconventional natural gas resources, research on unconventional natural gas resources is deepening. At present, when studying tight reservoirs, especially low-permeability shale gas reservoirs, evaluating the spontaneous imbibition strength of reservoir rocks is one of the research focuses. First of all, due to the small pores of low-permeability reservoirs, the phenomenon of spontaneous imbibition is more obvious than that of conventional reservoirs, and the capillary force caused by this effect will have a great impact on the reservoir. Secondly, low-permeability reservoirs have different self-imbibition capabilities to different formations or artificially injected liquids, and it is necessary to evaluate the reservoir damage of different formations or artificially injected liquids to low-permeability formations. Thirdly, low-permeability reservoirs generally have strong heterogeneity. In the process of developing shale gas, it is necessary to conduct multiple sampling evaluations of shale in different formations under the well interval or in different positions of the same formation.
从工程角度来看，在针对储层进行压裂作业中，压裂液返排率是压裂作业中所关注的众多重点参数之一。常规压裂返排不彻底的机理研究，主要考虑压裂所造成的高压使压裂液进入地层造缝之后，通过孔隙吼道捕集作用将部分压裂液滞留在岩石里。在低渗透气藏储层，特别是低渗透页岩气储层中，由于岩石孔隙吼道狭窄，毛管效应明显。即使压裂时没有高压，压裂液也会通过自发渗吸效应进入岩石中。研究如何评价液体自发渗吸进入岩石这种现象，能为压裂作业对天然气储层的伤害分析提供基础性研究，也为低渗透气藏压裂液设计提供指导性建议。From an engineering point of view, the flowback rate of fracturing fluid is one of the key parameters concerned in fracturing operations for reservoirs. The research on the mechanism of incomplete flowback by conventional fracturing mainly considers that the high pressure caused by fracturing causes the fracturing fluid to enter the formation to create fractures, and then part of the fracturing fluid is retained in the rock through the trapping effect of the pore roar. In low-permeability gas reservoirs, especially low-permeability shale gas reservoirs, the capillary effect is obvious due to the narrow rock pore roar. Even if there is no high pressure during fracturing, the fracturing fluid will enter the rock through the spontaneous imbibition effect. Studying how to evaluate the phenomenon of spontaneous imbibition of liquid into rock can provide basic research for the damage analysis of natural gas reservoirs caused by fracturing operations, and also provide guiding suggestions for the design of fracturing fluids for low-permeability gas reservoirs.
目前，国内研究渗吸的室内试验主要利用称重法，即通过将岩样加工成标准岩样后，将岩样放置于密闭的岩心筒内，测量岩石的吸水情况。一般而言是将岩心筒内浸水，并在筒的一端接一根可以计量水的高度的玻璃管，然后针对玻璃管内液面高度进行监测。当岩样吸水以后，玻璃管内的液面高度下降。通过记录液面下降高度随时间的变化，并再通过玻璃管横截面积与液面下降高度的乘积，计算岩石吸入水的质量随时间的变化。此方法采用的实验装置存在以下缺陷：(1)该实验装置在模拟地层条件下岩石吸水过程中无法模拟岩心有围压的地层条件，导致实验过程与实际情况相差甚远；(2)该实验装置只能实现测量岩心的自发渗吸的实验，无法模拟地层条件下岩心缝内流体有压的情况下的岩石的吸水情况(3)该装置在液位实验数据读取过程中，容易受温度和人为因素的影响对实验数据采集造成极大的误差，降低了实验结果的精确度，并且试验后信息单一不能合理真实的解释渗吸机理，具有很大的局限性；(4)该实验装置在测量岩石吸水量的实验过程中，由于岩石本身可能在驱油烘干的过程中会有部分残留体积存在，因而不能保证所测得的吸水量完全是水的质量。At present, domestic laboratory tests on imbibition mainly use the weighing method, that is, after the rock sample is processed into a standard rock sample, the rock sample is placed in a closed core barrel to measure the water absorption of the rock. Generally speaking, the core barrel is immersed in water, and a glass tube that can measure the height of water is connected to one end of the barrel, and then the liquid level in the glass tube is monitored. When the rock sample absorbs water, the liquid level in the glass tube drops. By recording the change of the drop height of the liquid level with time, and then by the product of the cross-sectional area of the glass tube and the drop height of the liquid level, the change of the mass of the water absorbed by the rock with time is calculated. The experimental device adopted by this method has the following defects: (1) the experimental device cannot simulate the formation conditions that the core has confining pressure during the rock water absorption process under the simulated formation conditions, resulting in a far difference between the experimental process and the actual situation; (2) the experiment The device can only realize the experiment of measuring the spontaneous imbibition of the core, and cannot simulate the water absorption of the rock when the fluid in the core fracture is pressurized under the formation conditions. The influence of human factors and human factors caused great errors in the collection of experimental data, which reduced the accuracy of the experimental results, and the single information after the test could not explain the mechanism of imbibition reasonably and truly, which had great limitations; (4) the experimental device In the experimental process of measuring the water absorption of rocks, since the rock itself may have some residual volume in the process of oil displacement and drying, it cannot be guaranteed that the measured water absorption is completely water quality.
因此，需要发明一种设备，该设备能够快速、简便、最大化模拟地层条件下储层岩石的渗吸，经济地评价不同地层或同一地层不同位置的页岩气储层岩石的自发渗吸能力。Therefore, it is necessary to invent a device that can quickly, easily, maximize the imbibition of reservoir rocks under simulated formation conditions, and economically evaluate the spontaneous imbibition capacity of shale gas reservoir rocks in different formations or in different positions of the same formation .
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置和方法。该实验装置可以模拟不同围压、不同温度的地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的吸水情况和吸水量。该方法能够避免在液位实验数据读取过程中，温度和人为因素造成极大的误差。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions. The experimental device can simulate the water absorption situation and water absorption amount of reservoir rock seepage under different confining pressure and different temperature formation conditions. This method can avoid great errors caused by temperature and human factors in the process of reading liquid level experimental data.
为了实现前述发明目的，本发明提供了一种可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，该实验装置包括烘箱，所述烘箱内部设置有烘干室和测量室；In order to achieve the aforementioned object of the invention, the present invention provides an experimental device capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions, the experimental device comprising an oven, the inside of which is provided with a drying chamber and a measuring chamber;
所述测量室中设置有高压岩心夹持器，所述高压岩心夹持器的一端与水槽管道连接，所述水槽和高压岩心夹持器之间依次设置有水泵和第一压力表；A high-pressure rock core holder is arranged in the measuring chamber, one end of the high-pressure rock core holder is connected to a water tank pipeline, and a water pump and a first pressure gauge are sequentially arranged between the water tank and the high-pressure rock core holder;
所述高压岩心夹持器的另一端与水银管管道连接，所述高压岩心夹持器和水银管之间设置有精度为0.1％的高精度压力表；The other end of the high-pressure rock core holder is connected to the mercury tube pipeline, and a high-precision pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.1% is arranged between the high-pressure rock core holder and the mercury tube;
所述高压岩心夹持器的侧壁上开设有围压注入孔，所述围压注入孔与围压注入泵管道连接，所述围压注入孔与围压注入泵之间设置有第二压力表；A confining pressure injection hole is opened on the side wall of the high-pressure core holder, and the confining pressure injection hole is connected with a confining pressure injection pump pipeline, and a second pressure injection hole is arranged between the confining pressure injection hole and the confining pressure injection pump. surface;
所述烘干室向所述测量室提供热量，模拟地层条件下岩心的温度环境；The drying chamber provides heat to the measuring chamber to simulate the temperature environment of the core under formation conditions;
所述水泵以设定压力向所述高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品注水，模拟地层条件下岩心的流体环境；The water pump injects water into the core sample in the high-pressure core holder at a set pressure, simulating the fluid environment of the core under formation conditions;
所述围压注入泵向所述高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品施加压力，模拟地层条件下岩心的围压环境。The confining pressure injection pump applies pressure to the core sample in the high-pressure core holder to simulate the confining pressure environment of the core under formation conditions.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述水银管包括U型水银管或L型水银管。该U型水银管或L型水银管可以放置在一个固定的装置中，保持稳定。结合量程为10kPa的高精度压力表的精细测量和U型水银管的检测，岩心样品吸水量的测量精度可以达到1mg以上，结合量程为10kPa的高精度压力表和L型水银管的检测，岩心样品吸水量的测量精度可以达到20mg以上，且U型水银管适合模拟岩心样品一端有水压的地层环境，L型水银管适合模拟岩心样品两端有水压的地层环境，即U型水银管适合模拟单向渗吸过程，L型水银管适合模拟双向渗吸过程。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the mercury tube includes a U-shaped mercury tube or an L-shaped mercury tube. The U-shaped mercury tube or L-shaped mercury tube can be placed in a fixed device and kept stable. Combined with the precise measurement of the high-precision pressure gauge with a range of 10kPa and the detection of U-shaped mercury tubes, the measurement accuracy of the water absorption of the core sample can reach more than 1mg. The measurement accuracy of the water absorption of the sample can reach more than 20mg, and the U-shaped mercury tube is suitable for simulating the stratum environment with water pressure at one end of the core sample, and the L-shaped mercury tube is suitable for simulating the stratum environment with water pressure at both ends of the core sample, that is, the U-shaped mercury tube It is suitable for simulating one-way imbibition process, and the L-shaped mercury tube is suitable for simulating two-way imbibition process.
上述可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，可以利用高精度压力表精细测量稳压时水银管的压力值，然后通过静压力方程ΔP＝ρgΔh，计算出水银管中水银液面的位移变化，结合水银管的管径，间接计算出岩心样品的吸水量，避免了传统方法中直接读取U型管水银移动的位移或L型管中液面高度数据而造成的人为读取数据误差，大大提高了实验的测量精度。此外，通过烘箱中的烘干室产生热气，并向测量室提供热量，实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境的可控模拟；通过围压注入泵向岩心样品可控地施加围压，并通过水泵以设定压力向高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品注水，实现了地层条件下岩心缝隙内流体有压环境的可控模拟，使测量结果更贴近实际情况，且采用控制压力的方式向高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品注水，可以进一步排出岩心中可能残余的油，进一步保证实验结果的准确性。The above-mentioned experimental device that can simulate reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions can use a high-precision pressure gauge to precisely measure the pressure value of the mercury tube when the pressure is stabilized, and then calculate the mercury liquid level in the mercury tube through the static pressure equation ΔP=ρgΔh The displacement change, combined with the diameter of the mercury tube, indirectly calculates the water absorption of the core sample, avoiding the artificial reading data caused by directly reading the displacement of the mercury in the U-shaped tube or the liquid level data in the L-shaped tube in the traditional method error, greatly improving the measurement accuracy of the experiment. In addition, the hot gas is generated through the drying chamber in the oven, and heat is provided to the measurement chamber to realize the controllable simulation of the core temperature environment under formation conditions; the confining pressure is controllably applied to the core sample through the confining pressure injection pump, and Water is injected into the core sample in the high-pressure core holder at the set pressure, which realizes the controllable simulation of the pressure environment of the fluid in the core gap under the formation condition, making the measurement result closer to the actual situation, and adopts the method of controlling the pressure to clamp the high-pressure core Injecting water into the core sample in the holder can further discharge the possible residual oil in the core and further ensure the accuracy of the experimental results.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述高压岩心加持器包括外筒壳体，所述外筒壳体内部嵌套有岩心密封套筒，所述外筒壳体两端分别设置有封堵堵头，且所述岩心密封套筒两端与所述封堵堵头之间分别设置有滤片，所述岩心密封套筒内壁设置有一圈厚度均匀的橡胶垫片，所述外筒壳体与所述岩心密封套筒之间形成环压腔。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the high-pressure core holder includes an outer cylinder shell, a core sealing sleeve is nested inside the outer cylinder shell, and sealing sleeves are respectively provided at both ends of the outer cylinder shell. plugging plugs, and filter discs are respectively arranged between the two ends of the core sealing sleeve and the plugging plugs, the inner wall of the rock core sealing sleeve is provided with a ring of rubber gaskets with uniform thickness, and the outer shell An annular pressure cavity is formed between the body and the core sealing sleeve.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述高压岩心夹持器能承受10℃-40℃条件下0-20MPa的围压。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the high-pressure core holder can withstand a confining pressure of 0-20 MPa at a temperature of 10°C-40°C.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述围压注入孔开设在所述外筒壳体的侧壁上，所述围压注入泵通过所述围压注入孔向所述环压腔注入围压。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the confining pressure injection hole is opened on the side wall of the outer cylinder shell, and the confining pressure injection pump injects into the annular pressure chamber through the confining pressure injection hole. Finalist press.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述围压注入泵为手摇泵；所述滤片的孔径为10-20目。更优选地，所述手摇泵为手摇清水泵。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the confining pressure injection pump is a hand pump; the pore size of the filter is 10-20 mesh. More preferably, the hand pump is a hand clean water pump.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述高压岩心夹持器与所述第一压力表之间设置有第一阀门，所述围压注入孔与所述第二压力表之间设置有第二阀门，所述高压岩心夹持器与所述高精度压力表之间设置有第三阀门。在采用水泵不断向岩心样品注水过程中，岩心样品中裂缝和孔隙中膨胀的气体被催吹出来，吹出来的膨胀气体经过导管挤压水银管中的水银，使水银液面产生位移，形成压力，当岩心样品中的膨胀气体全部被催吹出来后，岩心样品达到最大吸水量，渗水实验结束，岩心样品中多余的水会通过管道流向水银管，因此，在高精度压力表前设置第三阀门，可以及时防止水进入高精度压力表，也防止水进一步进入水银管，同样，在高压岩心夹持器与第一压力表之间设置第一阀门，可以及时控制水流的流通和阻断，在围压注入孔与第二压力表之间设置第二阀门，可以防止水进入第二压力表，对第二压力表造成损害。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, a first valve is provided between the high-pressure core holder and the first pressure gauge, and a valve is provided between the confining pressure injection hole and the second pressure gauge. As for the second valve, a third valve is arranged between the high-pressure core holder and the high-precision pressure gauge. In the process of continuously injecting water into the core sample with a water pump, the expanded gas in the cracks and pores in the core sample is blown out, and the blown out expanded gas passes through the conduit to squeeze the mercury in the mercury tube, causing the mercury liquid level to shift and form pressure. , when all the expansion gas in the core sample is blown out, the core sample reaches the maximum water absorption, and the water seepage test is over, the excess water in the core sample will flow to the mercury tube through the pipeline. The valve can prevent water from entering the high-precision pressure gauge in time, and also prevent water from further entering the mercury tube. Similarly, the first valve is set between the high-pressure core holder and the first pressure gauge, which can control the circulation and blockage of water flow in time. A second valve is arranged between the confining pressure injection hole and the second pressure gauge, which can prevent water from entering the second pressure gauge and causing damage to the second pressure gauge.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述烘箱底部设置有减震装置。该减震装置可以为本领域常见的减震装置，方便箱体结构的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置能够作为整体搬运，能够适应钻井现场复杂环境，简单实用，方便现场测量分析同时保证了测量数据的精度。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, a shock absorbing device is provided at the bottom of the oven. The shock absorbing device can be a common shock absorbing device in the field, which is convenient for the experimental device of box structure that can simulate reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions, can be transported as a whole, can adapt to the complex environment of the drilling site, is simple and practical, and is convenient for on-site measurement The analysis also ensures the accuracy of the measured data.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述第一压力表、高精度压力表和第二压力表均为数显压力表。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the first pressure gauge, the high-precision pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge are all digital display pressure gauges.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述高精度压力表的量程为10KPa-30MPa，所述第一压力表的量程为10KPa-30MPa；所述第二压力表的量程为10KPa-30MPa。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the range of the high-precision pressure gauge is 10KPa-30MPa, the range of the first pressure gauge is 10KPa-30MPa; the range of the second pressure gauge is 10KPa-30MPa.
本发明还提供了上述可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置的测试方法，其包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a test method for the experimental device of the above-mentioned reservoir rock imbibition that can simulate formation conditions, which includes the following steps:
步骤一：通过常规方法制备岩心样品，装入高压岩心夹持器内待测；Step 1: Prepare a core sample by a conventional method, and put it into a high-pressure core holder for testing;
步骤二：调节烘箱温度，模拟地层条件下岩心的温度环境；然后利用围压注入泵向所述高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品施加压力，模拟地层条件下岩心的围压环境；随后启动水泵以设定的注水压力向所述高压岩心夹持器中岩心样品注水，模拟地层条件下岩心的流体环境；Step 2: Adjust the temperature of the oven to simulate the temperature environment of the core under formation conditions; then use the confining pressure injection pump to apply pressure to the core sample in the high-pressure core holder to simulate the confining pressure environment of the core under formation conditions; then start the water pump to The set water injection pressure injects water into the core sample in the high-pressure core holder, simulating the fluid environment of the core under formation conditions;
步骤三：以设定的时间间隔记录高精度压力表测得的压力值，直至所述高精度压力表显示稳定压力；Step 3: Record the pressure value measured by the high-precision pressure gauge at a set time interval until the high-precision pressure gauge shows a stable pressure;
步骤四：关闭所述水泵、围压注入泵，并根据公式(1)计算各时间间隔下所述岩心样品的吸水量，Step 4: close the water pump and the confining pressure injection pump, and calculate the water absorption of the rock core sample under each time interval according to formula (1),
所述公式(1)中，ΔQ表示时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水量，单位为克，ΔP表示时间间隔内所述高精度压力表测得的压力值，单位为Pa，ρ1表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水的密度，单位为g/cm3，ρ2表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水银的密度，单位为g/cm3，d为水银管的直径，单位为cm，g为重力加速度。In the formula (1), ΔQ represents the water absorption of the rock core sample in the time interval, and the unit is gram, and ΔP represents the pressure value recorded by the high-precision pressure gauge in the time interval, and the unit is Pa, and ρ1 represents in The density of water under the conditions of oven temperature and confining pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , ρ 2 represents the density of mercury under the conditions of oven temperature and confining pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , d is the diameter of the mercury tube, the unit is cm, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述测试方法还包括根据公式(2)计算时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水速率，According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the test method also includes calculating the water absorption rate of the core sample in the time interval according to formula (2),
所述公式(2)中，ΔV表示时间间隔内的吸水速率，Δt表示时间间隔。In the formula (2), ΔV represents the water absorption rate within a time interval, and Δt represents the time interval.
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述测试方法还包括根据公式(3)或(4)计算所述岩心样品的吸水总量，According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the test method further includes calculating the total water absorption of the core sample according to formula (3) or (4),
所述公式(3)中，Q表示所述岩心样品的吸水总量，单位为克，P表示所述高精度压力表显示的稳定压力，单位为Pa，ρ1表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水的密度，单位为g/cm3，ρ2表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水银的密度，单位为g/cm3，d为水银管的直径，单位为cm，g为重力加速度；In the described formula (3), Q represents the water absorption total amount of described rock core sample, and the unit is gram, and P represents the stable pressure that described high-accuracy manometer shows, and the unit is Pa, and ρ1 represents at oven temperature and confining pressure pressure The density of water under the condition, the unit is g/cm 3 , ρ 2 represents the density of mercury under the conditions of oven temperature and confining pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , d is the diameter of the mercury tube, the unit is cm, g is the acceleration of gravity ;
所述公式(4)中，ΔQi表示第i个时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水量，单位为克，k表示时间间隔个数。In the formula (4), ΔQ i represents the water absorption of the core sample in the i-th time interval, in grams, and k represents the number of time intervals.
在公式(1)和公式(2)中，ρ1和ρ2可以通过查对应的水和水银的密度表获得，一般，ρ1取1g/cm3，ρ2取13.60g/cm3，g取9.8N/m3。In formula (1) and formula (2), ρ 1 and ρ 2 can be obtained by checking the corresponding density table of water and mercury. Generally, ρ 1 takes 1g/cm 3 , ρ 2 takes 13.60g/cm 3 , g Take 9.8N/m 3 .
根据本发明的具体实施例，优选地，所述测试方法还包括在不同的烘箱温度、围压压力和注水压力下测试岩心样品吸水量的步骤。在结束岩心样品的渗吸测量实验后，关闭第二和第三阀门，关闭水泵、围压注入泵，将高精度压力表清零等步骤。然后对测量实验获得的数据进行综合分析和评价。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the test method further includes the step of testing the water absorption of the core sample under different oven temperatures, confining pressures and water injection pressures. After the imbibition measurement experiment of the core sample is completed, the second and third valves are closed, the water pump and the confining pressure injection pump are closed, and the high-precision pressure gauge is reset to zero. Then comprehensively analyze and evaluate the data obtained from the measurement experiment.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置及方法具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the experimental device and method provided by the present invention that can simulate reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions have the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境、围压环境和缝隙内有压流体环境的可控模拟，使岩心吸水量的测量结果更贴近实际情况；(1) The experimental device that can simulate reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions provided by the present invention realizes the controllable simulation of the core temperature environment, confining pressure environment and pressurized fluid environment in the crevice under formation conditions, so that the water absorption of the rock core can be increased. The measurement results are closer to the actual situation;
(2)本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，采用精度达到0.1％的高精度压力表精细测量稳压时水银管的压力值，避免了传统方法中直接读取U型管水银移动的位移或L型管中液面高度数据而造成的人为读取数据误差，大大提高了实验的测量精度；(2) The experimental device for imbibition of reservoir rock under the formation conditions provided by the present invention adopts a high-precision pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.1% to accurately measure the pressure value of the mercury tube when the pressure is stabilized, avoiding the direct reading in the traditional method The displacement of the mercury in the U-shaped tube or the artificial reading data error caused by the liquid level data in the L-shaped tube greatly improved the measurement accuracy of the experiment;
(3)本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的方法，利用可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境、围压环境和缝隙内有压流体环境的可控模拟；通过高精度压力表精细测量水银管的压强，结合水银管的直径，利用公式间接计算出某一时间段内岩心样品的吸水量、吸水速率，避免了人为读取水银管液面数据的误差，大大提高了实验的测量精度；(3) The method provided by the present invention can simulate the imbibition of reservoir rock under the formation conditions, utilize the experimental device that can simulate the imbibition of the reservoir rock under the formation conditions, realize the core temperature environment, confining pressure environment and gap in the formation conditions Controllable simulation of the pressurized fluid environment; the pressure of the mercury tube is precisely measured by a high-precision pressure gauge, and combined with the diameter of the mercury tube, the water absorption and water absorption rate of the core sample within a certain period of time are indirectly calculated using the formula, avoiding artificial reading The error in taking the liquid level data of the mercury tube greatly improved the measurement accuracy of the experiment;
(4)本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的方法，可以模拟研究岩心样品在地层条件下吸水量随时间的变化关系，从观察有围压的岩心吸水现象中，进一步分析岩心样品吸水速率，毛管现象以及吸水量；此外，本发明提供的实验装置和方法可以用于模拟研究目的层压裂作业后，压裂液进入储层内产生的自发渗吸现象。(4) The method provided by the present invention can simulate the imbibition of reservoir rock under formation conditions, which can simulate and study the relationship of water absorption of rock core samples with time under formation conditions, and further analyze the phenomenon of water absorption of rock cores with confining pressure Core sample water absorption rate, capillary phenomenon and water absorption; in addition, the experimental device and method provided by the invention can be used to simulate the spontaneous imbibition phenomenon of fracturing fluid entering the reservoir after the fracturing operation of the research target layer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例1可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the experimental device of reservoir rock imbibition under the simulated stratum condition of embodiment 1;
图2是实施例1实验装置中高压岩心夹持器的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of high-pressure rock core holder in the experiment device of embodiment 1;
图3是实施例1高压岩心夹持器的局部横截面剖面图；Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the high-pressure rock core holder of Embodiment 1;
图4是实施例1实验装置中U型水银管结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the U-shaped mercury tube structure schematic diagram in the experimental device of embodiment 1;
图5是实施例1实验装置中L型水银管结构示意图。5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the L-shaped mercury tube in the experimental device of Example 1.
符号说明：Symbol Description:
1烘箱，101温控开关，102显示屏，1 oven, 101 temperature control switches, 102 display screens,
10烘干室，20测量室，10 drying chambers, 20 measuring chambers,
201水槽，202水泵，203第一压力表，204高压岩心加持器，205第二压力表，206手摇清水泵，207高精度压力表，208水银管；201 water tank, 202 water pump, 203 first pressure gauge, 204 high pressure core holder, 205 second pressure gauge, 206 hand clean water pump, 207 high precision pressure gauge, 208 mercury tube;
41外筒壳体，42岩心密封套筒，43封堵堵头，44滤片，45橡胶垫片，46岩心样品，47环压腔，48围压注入孔。41 outer cylinder shell, 42 rock core sealing sleeve, 43 plugging plug, 44 filter plate, 45 rubber gasket, 46 rock core sample, 47 ring pressure chamber, 48 confining pressure injection hole.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明，但不能理解为对本发明可实施范围的限定。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are now described in detail below, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，其结构如图1所示，该实验装置包括烘箱1，烘箱1的外表面设置有温控开关101和显示屏102，用以显示测量室20内的实时温度，烘箱内部设置有烘干室10和测量室20；This embodiment provides an experimental device capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions. Its structure is shown in Figure 1. The experimental device includes an oven 1, and the outer surface of the oven 1 is provided with a temperature control switch 101 and a display screen. 102, used to display the real-time temperature in the measurement chamber 20, the drying chamber 10 and the measurement chamber 20 are arranged inside the oven;
测量室20中设置有高压岩心夹持器204，高压岩心夹持器204的进口端与水槽201管道连接，水槽201和高压岩心夹持器204之间依次设置有水泵202和第一压力表203；高压岩心夹持器204的出口端与水银管208管道连接，水银管208可以放在稳定的固定装置中，高压岩心夹持器204和水银管208之间设置有精度为0.1％的高精度压力表207；高压岩心夹持器204的侧壁上开设有围压注入孔48，围压注入孔48与手摇清水泵206管道连接，围压注入孔48与手摇清水泵206之间设置有第二压力表205；烘干室10向测量室20提供热量，模拟地层条件下岩心的温度环境；水泵202以设定压力向高压岩心夹持器204中岩心样品注水，形成模拟地层条件下带有一定渗吸驱替压力的岩心的流体环境；手摇清水泵206通过围压注入孔48向高压岩心夹持器204中的外筒壳体41和岩心密封套筒42之间打入水，促使密封套筒向内挤压岩心样品46形成包裹岩心的围压，模拟地层条件下岩心的围压环境；A high-pressure rock core holder 204 is arranged in the measurement chamber 20, and the inlet end of the high-pressure rock core holder 204 is connected to the water tank 201 by a pipeline, and a water pump 202 and a first pressure gauge 203 are sequentially arranged between the water tank 201 and the high-pressure rock core holder 204 The outlet end of the high-pressure rock core holder 204 is connected with the mercury tube 208 pipeline, and the mercury tube 208 can be placed in a stable fixture, and a high-precision precision of 0.1% is arranged between the high-pressure rock core holder 204 and the mercury tube 208 A pressure gauge 207; a confining pressure injection hole 48 is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure rock core holder 204, and the confining pressure injection hole 48 is connected to the hand-operated clean water pump 206, and the confining pressure injection hole 48 is arranged between the hand-operated clean water pump 206 There is a second pressure gauge 205; the drying chamber 10 provides heat to the measuring chamber 20 to simulate the temperature environment of the core under formation conditions; the water pump 202 injects water into the core sample in the high-pressure core holder 204 at a set pressure to form The fluid environment of the core with a certain seepage displacement pressure; the hand-operated clean water pump 206 injects water between the outer cylinder shell 41 and the core sealing sleeve 42 in the high-pressure core holder 204 through the confining pressure injection hole 48 , prompting the sealing sleeve to squeeze the core sample 46 inwardly to form a confining pressure surrounding the core, simulating the confining pressure environment of the core under formation conditions;
此外，高压岩心夹持器204与第一压力表203之间设置有第一阀门，围压注入孔与第二压力表205之间设置有第二阀门，高压岩心夹持器204与高精度压力表207之间设置有第三阀门；第一压力表203、高精度压力表204和第二压力表205均为数显压力表；高精度压力表204的量程为10KPa-30MPa，第一压力表203的量程为10KPa-30MPa；第二压力表205的量程为10KPa-30MPa，烘箱1底部还设置有减震装置。In addition, a first valve is provided between the high-pressure core holder 204 and the first pressure gauge 203, a second valve is provided between the confining pressure injection hole and the second pressure gauge 205, and the high-pressure core holder 204 and the high-precision pressure A third valve is arranged between the gauges 207; the first pressure gauge 203, the high-precision pressure gauge 204 and the second pressure gauge 205 are all digital display pressure gauges; the range of the high-precision pressure gauge 204 is 10KPa-30MPa, and the first pressure gauge The measuring range of 203 is 10KPa-30MPa; the measuring range of the second pressure gauge 205 is 10KPa-30MPa, and the bottom of the oven 1 is also provided with a shock absorbing device.
高压岩心夹持器204可以采用耐腐蚀耐温材质定制，去结构如图2所示，该高压岩心加持器204包括外筒壳体41，外筒壳体41内部嵌套有岩心密封套筒42，外筒壳体41两端分别设置有封堵堵头43，且岩心密封套筒42两端与封堵堵头43之间分别设置有10-20目的滤片44，岩心密封套筒42内壁设置有一圈厚度均匀的橡胶垫片45，如图3所示，橡胶垫片45将岩心密封套筒42内的岩心样品46紧紧包裹，外筒壳体41与岩心密封套筒42之间形成环压腔47；该高压岩心夹持器204能承受10℃-40℃和0-20MPa的围压。在外筒壳体41的侧壁上开设围压注入孔，手摇清水泵206通过围压注入孔向环压腔47注入压力，如图3所示，压力通过滤片44进入岩心密封套筒42，在岩心样品周围形成模拟围压。The high-pressure core holder 204 can be customized by using corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant materials. The structure is shown in FIG. The two ends of the outer cylinder shell 41 are respectively provided with plugging plugs 43, and the two ends of the core sealing sleeve 42 and the plugging plugs 43 are respectively provided with 10-20 mesh filter discs 44, and the inner wall of the core sealing sleeve 42 A ring of rubber gaskets 45 with uniform thickness is provided. As shown in FIG. Ring pressure chamber 47; the high-pressure core holder 204 can withstand 10°C-40°C and 0-20MPa confining pressure. A confining pressure injection hole is provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder housing 41, and the hand-operated clean water pump 206 injects pressure into the ring pressure chamber 47 through the confining pressure injection hole. As shown in Figure 3, the pressure enters the core sealing sleeve 42 through the filter plate 44, and A simulated confining pressure is formed around the core sample.
图4是本实施例实验装置所采用的水银管208的结构示意图，本实施例的水银管可以采用U型水银管，该U型水银管的压力进口端为水平玻璃管，用以与高精度压力表207管道连接，模拟岩心样品一端有水压的地层环境，即模拟单向渗吸过程。或者，本实施例的水银管可以采用L型水银管，如图5所示，该L型水银管的水平进压口可以与高精度压力表207管道连接，模拟岩心样品两端有水压的地层环境即模拟双向渗吸过程。图4和图5水银管中的黑色部分表示水银。Fig. 4 is the schematic structural diagram of the mercury tube 208 adopted in the experimental device of this embodiment, the mercury tube of this embodiment can be a U-shaped mercury tube, and the pressure inlet end of the U-shaped mercury tube is a horizontal glass tube, which is used for high-precision The pressure gauge 207 is connected to the pipeline to simulate the formation environment with water pressure at one end of the core sample, that is, to simulate the one-way imbibition process. Or, the mercury tube of the present embodiment can adopt the L-type mercury tube, as shown in Figure 5, the horizontal pressure inlet of this L-type mercury tube can be connected with the high-precision pressure gauge 207 pipelines, and there is pressure at both ends of the simulated rock core sample. The formation environment is to simulate the two-way imbibition process. The black part in the mercury tube in Figure 4 and Figure 5 represents mercury.
本实施例还提供上述可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置进行渗吸测量实验，其包括以下步骤：This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned experimental device capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions to perform an imbibition measurement experiment, which includes the following steps:
(1)制备岩心样品，装入高压岩心夹持器内待测：(1) Prepare a core sample and put it into a high-pressure core holder for testing:
首先现场采集待测量的岩石碎块，然后挑选大小合适的岩石碎块进行清洗，并放入烘干室进行烘干，烘干室10的温度设为105℃，烘干时间视岩石碎块的大小而定，一般烘干六小时后岩石碎块的质量不再变化，因此可以认为岩石碎块已经烘干；将烘干后的岩石碎块装入高压岩心夹持器204中待测；Firstly, the rock fragments to be measured are collected on the spot, then the rock fragments of suitable size are selected for cleaning, and put into a drying chamber for drying. The temperature of the drying chamber 10 is set at 105° C. Depending on the size, generally the quality of the rock fragments will not change after drying for six hours, so it can be considered that the rock fragments have been dried; the dried rock fragments are loaded into the high-pressure core holder 204 to be tested;
(2)打开高精度压力表207的开关，并对高精度压力表207的数据清零，确保实验装置连接正常；(2) Turn on the switch of the high-precision pressure gauge 207, and clear the data of the high-precision pressure gauge 207 to ensure that the experimental device is connected normally;
(3)调节烘箱1的温度，至显示屏102显示为温度稳定为所需的地层温度，模拟地层条件下岩心的温度环境；使用手摇清水泵206对高压岩心夹持器204中的岩心样品进行施压，模拟地层条件下岩心的围压环境，启动水泵202，按照设定的恒定水压向岩心样品注水，模拟地层条件下岩心的流体环境；(3) Adjust the temperature of the oven 1 until the display screen 102 shows that the temperature is stable as the required formation temperature, simulating the temperature environment of the rock core under the formation conditions; Apply pressure to simulate the confining pressure environment of the core under formation conditions, start the water pump 202, inject water into the core sample according to the set constant water pressure, and simulate the fluid environment of the core under formation conditions;
(4)以设定的时间间隔记录高精度压力表207测得的压力值，直至所述高精度压力表显示稳定压力；(4) Record the pressure value measured by the high-precision pressure gauge 207 at a set time interval until the high-precision pressure gauge shows a stable pressure;
(5)在不同烘箱温度与围压压力条件下重复上述步骤(1)-(4)，测量并记录不同温度、围压条件下各时间间隔内高精度压力表207测得的压力值；(5) Repeat the above steps (1)-(4) under different oven temperatures and confining pressure conditions, measure and record the pressure values measured by the high-precision pressure gauge 207 in each time interval under different temperatures and confining pressure conditions;
(6)在结束岩心样品的渗吸测量实验后，关闭第二和第三阀门，关闭水泵202、手摇清水泵206和烘箱1，将高精度压力表204的数据清零，然后对测量实验获得的数据进行综合分析和评价；(6) After finishing the imbibition measurement experiment of the rock core sample, close the second and third valves, turn off the water pump 202, the hand-operated clear water pump 206 and the oven 1, clear the data of the high-precision pressure gauge 204, and then perform the measurement experiment Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the obtained data;
(7)在同一温度和压力条件下，根据公式(1)计算各时间间隔下所述岩心样品的吸水量，(7) under the same temperature and pressure conditions, calculate the water absorption of the rock core sample under each time interval according to formula (1),
根据公式(2)计算时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水速率，Calculate the water absorption rate of the rock core sample in the time interval according to formula (2),
根据公式(3)或(4)计算岩心样品的吸水总量，Calculate the total water absorption of the core sample according to formula (3) or (4),
公式(1)中，ΔQ表示时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水量，单位为克，ΔP表示时间间隔内所述高精度压力表测得的压力值，单位为Pa，ρ1表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水的密度，单位为g/cm3，ρ2表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水银的密度，单位为g/cm3，d为水银管的直径，单位为cm，g为重力加速度；In the formula (1), ΔQ represents the water absorption of the rock core sample in the time interval, and the unit is gram, and ΔP represents the pressure value recorded by the high-precision pressure gauge in the time interval, and the unit is Pa, and ρ1 represents the temperature in the oven. and the density of water under the conditions of confining pressure and pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , ρ 2 represents the density of mercury under the conditions of oven temperature and confining pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , d is the diameter of the mercury tube, the unit is cm, g is the acceleration due to gravity;
公式(2)中，ΔV表示时间间隔内的吸水速率，Δt表示时间间隔。In formula (2), ΔV represents the water absorption rate within a time interval, and Δt represents the time interval.
公式(3)中，Q表示所述岩心样品的吸水总量，单位为克，P表示所述高精度压力表显示的稳定压力，单位为Pa，ρ1表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水的密度，单位为g/cm3，ρ2表示在烘箱温度和围压压力条件下水银的密度，单位为g/cm3，d为水银管的直径，单位为cm，g为重力加速度；In the formula (3), Q represents the water absorption total amount of described rock core sample, and the unit is gram, and P represents the stable pressure that described high-accuracy manometer shows, and the unit is Pa, and ρ1 represents water under oven temperature and confining pressure pressure condition The density of mercury, the unit is g/cm 3 , ρ 2 represents the density of mercury under the conditions of oven temperature and confining pressure, the unit is g/cm 3 , d is the diameter of the mercury tube, the unit is cm, and g is the acceleration of gravity;
公式(4)中，ΔQi表示第i个时间间隔内所述岩心样品的吸水量，单位为克，k表示时间间隔个数。In formula (4), ΔQ i represents the water absorption of the core sample in the i-th time interval, in grams, and k represents the number of time intervals.
公式(1)和公式(4)中，ρ1和ρ2可以通过查对应的水和水银的密度表获得，一般，ρ1取1g/cm3，ρ2取13.60g/cm3，g取9.8N/m3。In formula (1) and formula (4), ρ 1 and ρ 2 can be obtained by checking the corresponding water and mercury density tables. Generally, ρ 1 takes 1g/cm 3 , ρ 2 takes 13.60g/cm 3 , and g takes 9.8N/m 3 .
(8)根据步骤(7)计算和整理不同温度和压力条件的吸水量和吸水速率等数据，并分析吸水量随时间、随温度和随围压的变化情况，完成该岩心样品地层条件下的模拟现场室内评价。(8) According to step (7) calculate and sort out data such as water absorption and water absorption rate under different temperature and pressure conditions, and analyze water absorption with time, with temperature and with confining pressure change situation, complete the analysis under this rock core sample stratum condition Simulate on-site indoor evaluation.
由上述实施例可知，本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境、围压环境和缝隙内有压流体环境的可控模拟，使岩心吸水量的测量结果更贴近实际情况；采用精度达到0.1％的高精度压力表精细测量稳压时水银管的压力值，避免了传统方法中直接读取U型管水银移动的位移或L型管中液面高度数据而造成的人为读取数据误差，大大提高了实验的测量精度；且U型水银管可以模拟岩心样品一端有水压的地层环境，L型水银管可以模拟岩心样品两端有水压的地层环境，即U型水银管可以模拟单向渗吸过程，L型水银管可以模拟双向渗吸过程。本发明提供的可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的方法，利用可模拟地层条件下储层岩石渗吸的实验装置，实现了地层条件下岩心温度环境、围压环境和缝隙内有压流体环境的可控模拟；通过高精度压力表精细测量水银管的压强，结合水银管的直径，利用公式间接计算出某一时间段内岩心样品的吸水量、吸水速率，避免了人为读取水银管液面数据的误差，大大提高了实验的测量精度；此外，可以模拟研究岩心样品在地层条件下吸水量随时间的变化关系，从观察有围压的岩心吸水现象中，进一步分析岩心样品吸水速率，毛管现象以及吸水量；此外，本发明提供的实验装置和方法可以用于模拟研究目的层压裂作业后，压裂液进入储层内产生的自发渗吸现象。It can be seen from the above examples that the experimental device for imbibition of reservoir rock under formation conditions provided by the present invention can realize the controllable simulation of core temperature environment, confining pressure environment and pressurized fluid environment in cracks under formation conditions, making the core The measurement result of water absorption is closer to the actual situation; a high-precision pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.1% is used to precisely measure the pressure value of the mercury tube when the pressure is stabilized, avoiding the direct reading of the displacement of the mercury in the U-shaped tube or the L-shaped tube in the traditional method The artificial reading data error caused by the middle liquid level height data has greatly improved the measurement accuracy of the experiment; and the U-shaped mercury tube can simulate the formation environment with water pressure at one end of the core sample, and the L-shaped mercury tube can simulate the pressure at both ends of the core sample. The formation environment of hydraulic pressure, that is, the U-shaped mercury tube can simulate the one-way imbibition process, and the L-shaped mercury tube can simulate the two-way imbibition process. The method for simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions provided by the present invention utilizes the experimental device capable of simulating reservoir rock imbibition under formation conditions to realize core temperature environment, confining pressure environment and pressurized fluid in gaps under formation conditions Controllable simulation of the environment; the pressure of the mercury tube is precisely measured by a high-precision pressure gauge, combined with the diameter of the mercury tube, and the formula is used to indirectly calculate the water absorption and water absorption rate of the core sample within a certain period of time, avoiding manual reading of the mercury tube The error of the liquid level data greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the experiment; in addition, it is possible to simulate and study the relationship between the water absorption of the core sample with time under the formation conditions, and further analyze the water absorption rate of the core sample from the observation of the water absorption phenomenon of the core with confining pressure , capillary phenomenon and water absorption; in addition, the experimental device and method provided by the present invention can be used to simulate the spontaneous imbibition phenomenon of the fracturing fluid entering the reservoir after the fracturing operation of the research target layer.
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