CN108732700A - A kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units - Google Patents
A kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108732700A CN108732700A CN201810541691.4A CN201810541691A CN108732700A CN 108732700 A CN108732700 A CN 108732700A CN 201810541691 A CN201810541691 A CN 201810541691A CN 108732700 A CN108732700 A CN 108732700A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- fiber cable
- submarine optical
- cable branch
- branch units
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
- G02B6/4427—Pressure resistant cables, e.g. undersea cables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4431—Protective covering with provision in the protective covering, e.g. weak line, for gaining access to one or more fibres, e.g. for branching or tapping
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, it is related to submarine optical fiber cable laying field, including ball and pipeline, a spherical cavity is equipped in the ball, the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity and the centre of sphere interval of the ball are arranged, the pipeline includes a main pipeline and two laterals, in the main pipeline and two laterals are generally aligned in the same plane, and the main pipeline is arranged close to the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity and is fixed in the ball, two centre ofs sphere of the lateral far from the spherical cavity are arranged and are fixed in the ball, the present invention can be under the premise of meeting the sealing performance and structural strength needed for high hydraulic pressure, reduce its whole size.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to submarine optical fiber cables to lay field, and in particular to a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
Background technology
With the fast development and application of modern Fibre Optical Communication Technology, the global major marine site of the extra large cable network coverage, at present
Global transoceanic communication 90% all uses extra large cable to communicate.In submarine cable systems for possessing multiple landing sites, widely used seabed
Fiber cable branch unit is used to that, by the optical fiber and power lines progress branch in extra large cable, extra large cable laid down cost can be reduced, and square
The phase system failure is safeguarded after an action of the bowels.Wherein, as shown in Figure 1, there is 3 pipelines in submarine optical fiber cable branch units structure, wherein 2 pipelines
Positioned at the same side, 2 pipelines of homonymy have larger angle, and are meeting the sealing performance needed for the high hydraulic pressure of abyssal environment
Under the premise of structural strength, the angle of 2 pipelines of homonymy can not reduce, larger so as to cause whole size, be unfavorable for sea
The construction of back light cable branch units is laid and transport.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, energy
Enough under the premise of meeting the sealing performance and structural strength needed for high hydraulic pressure, reduce its whole size.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：A kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, including：
Ball, the ball is interior to be equipped with a spherical cavity, and the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity and the spherical shape are originally
The centre of sphere interval of body is arranged；
Pipeline, the pipeline include a main pipeline and two laterals, and the main pipeline and two laterals are located at same
In plane, and the main pipeline is arranged close to the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity and is fixed in the ball, two described points
The centre of sphere of the branch pipe(tube) far from the spherical cavity is arranged and is fixed in the ball.
Based on the above technical solution, angle is less than 50 ° between two laterals.
Based on the above technical solution, the angle between two laterals is 35 °.
Based on the above technical solution, the ball is equipped with two grooves being oppositely arranged；
The submarine optical fiber cable branch units further includes a hoisting structure, and the hoisting structure is fixed on the groove.
Based on the above technical solution, the groove is located at the interposition of the ball in the height direction
It sets.
Based on the above technical solution, the groove includes cross one another horizontal groove and vertical groove；
The hoisting structure includes the hanging plate and two transverse slats of an arch, and the hanging plate both ends are equipped with supporting leg, the supporting leg group
Set on the vertical groove, two transverse slats are fastened in two supporting legs respectively, and the transverse slat is fixed on the level
Groove.
Based on the above technical solution, the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity and the centre of sphere spacing of the ball are
10mm。
Based on the above technical solution, the pipeline is connect by screw thread with the ball.
Based on the above technical solution, a connection piece, the connector and two institutes are equipped between two laterals
Lateral is stated to be detachably connected.
Based on the above technical solution, the ball be equipped with a fixing piece, and the fixing piece with it is described
Main pipeline is detachably connected.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：
(1) a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units of the invention, including ball and pipeline, due to being equipped in ball
One spherical cavity can make ball remote by the way that certain distance is arranged in the centre of sphere of the centre of sphere of spherical cavity and ball
Side wall thickness from spherical cavity increases, to make two laterals far from the spherical cavity centre of sphere before meeting structural strength
It puts, reduces the angle of two laterals, to reduce the overall dimensions of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, be convenient for submarine optical fiber cable
The construction of branch units is laid and transport.
(2) when lifted by crane to the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, hanging plate can be acted on by suspension hook, and pass through lifting
Equipment carries out lifting operation to it, can complete the laying of the construction to the submarine optical fiber cable branch units and transport, and pass through setting
Hoisting structure, can be when lifting by crane the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and the pulling force that suspension hook acts on hanging plate can pass through
Horizontal groove is transferred in ball, and the bolt for being used in fixed transverse slat does not bear the pulling force of suspension hook directly, to make the sea
Back light cable branch units in transhipment not against the bolt of fixed transverse slat by screw thread load, can be held by own mechanical structure
Power, so that it is guaranteed that the reliability of hoisting structure, avoids carrying out screw thread load by the bolt of fixed transverse slat when being transported through, make
At transverse slat bolt falling ball or bring it about deformation, influence the overall stability of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
(3) pipeline is connected through a screw thread, and the outer layer of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units is destroyed when can avoid using welding
Protective layer leads to its corrosion in its long period of soaking to seawater, is easy to influence the leakproofness and knot of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units
Structure intensity, to be connected through a screw thread the service life that can improve the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
(4) two laterals are attached fixation by connector, can improve the overall structure pressure-bearing of two laterals
Ability makes the submarine optical fiber cable branch units be located under high water pressure condition, two laterals can be made to keep original form, to
Improve the structural stability of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
(5) setting fixing piece is attached fixation with main pipeline, can improve the structure bearing capacity of main pipeline, make the sea
Back light cable branch units is located under high water pressure condition, and main pipeline can be made to keep original form, to improve the submarine optical fiber cable
The structural stability of branch units.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of submarine optical fiber cable branch units in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of submarine optical fiber cable branch units in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view of submarine optical fiber cable branch units in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of submarine optical fiber cable branch units in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of submarine optical fiber cable branch units in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：1- balls, 11- grooves, 12- horizontal grooves, 13- vertical grooves, 2- pipelines, 21- main pipelines, 22-
Lateral, 3- hoisting structures, 31- platform slings, 32- transverse slats, 33- supporting legs, 34- hanging holes, 4- connectors, 5- fixing pieces, 6- are spherical
Cavity.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, including 1 He of ball
Pipeline 2, the ball 1 is interior to be equipped with a spherical cavity 6, the centre of sphere of the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity 6 and the ball 1
Interval setting, it is preferred that the centre of sphere spacing of the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity 6 and the ball 1 is 10mm, the pipeline 2
Including a main pipeline 21 and two laterals 22, in the main pipeline 21 and two laterals 22 are generally aligned in the same plane, and it is described
Main pipeline 21 is arranged close to the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity 6 and is fixed in the ball 1, and two laterals 22 are remote
The centre of sphere from the spherical cavity 6 is arranged and is fixed in the ball 1, by being equipped with an institute in the ball 1
Spherical cavity 6 is stated, by setting with certain distance the centre of sphere of the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity 6 and the ball 1 to,
Comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 5 be not it is found that when carrying out the offset operation of spherical cavity 6, i.e. 6 centre of sphere of spherical cavity and the ball 1
Centre of sphere when overlapping, the region between two laterals 22 is a`, when spherical cavity 6 is carried out offset operation, i.e. spherical cavity 6
When the centre of sphere and the centre of sphere tool of the ball 1 at regular intervals, the region between two laterals 22 is a, can be apparent
The bearing capacity for obtaining region a at this time is more than the bearing capacity of region a`, passes through two laterals 22 of reduction appropriate
Angle, so that the bearing capacity of region a is leveled off to the bearing capacity of region a`, reduce two laterals 22 to reach
The effect of angle, make the overall dimensions of submarine optical fiber cable branch units meet the sealing performance needed for the high hydraulic pressure of abyssal environment and
Become smaller under the premise of structural strength, the construction laying and transport of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units can be convenient for.
Wherein, the angle of two laterals 22 is less than 50 °, it is preferred that the angle of two laterals 22 is
35 °, the angle of two laterals is set to be less than the construction that existing angle is 50 °, wherein in the ball of the spherical cavity 6
In the case that the centre of sphere spacing of the heart and the ball 1 is 10mm, the angle of two laterals 22 can be made to be contracted to
It it is 35 °, to enable the overall dimensions of submarine optical fiber cable branch units meeting the leakproofness needed for the high hydraulic pressure of abyssal environment
Become smaller under the premise of energy and structural strength, convenient for the construction laying and transport of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, the difference with embodiment 1
It is, the ball 1 is equipped with two grooves 11 being oppositely arranged, and the submarine optical fiber cable branch units further includes a hoisting structure
3, the hoisting structure 3 is fixed on the groove 11 wherein, by the way that the hoisting structure 3 is arranged, can complete to the Submarine Optical
The construction laying of cable branch units and transport operation.
Embodiment 3
Shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, the difference with embodiment 2
It is, the groove 11 includes cross one another horizontal groove 12 and vertical groove 13, and the hoisting structure 3 includes an arch
Hanging plate 31 and two transverse slats 32,31 both ends of the hanging plate are equipped with supporting leg 33, and the supporting leg 33 is mounted on the vertical groove 13, two
The transverse slat 32 is fastened in two supporting legs 33 respectively, and the transverse slat 32 is fixed on the horizontal groove 12, is being pacified
When filling the hoisting structure 3, the supporting leg 33 of the platform sling 31 is inserted in the vertical groove 13, and by the transverse slat
32 are fastened in the supporting leg 33, meanwhile, the transverse slat 32 is fixed on the horizontal groove 12, i.e., the described supporting leg 33 and the transverse slat
32 form a fixed structure similar to hanging buckle, and the transverse slat 32 is fixed in the horizontal groove 12 by bolt, complete
After the installation of the hoisting structure 3,31 Shanghai of the hanging plate is equipped with a hanging hole 34, and it is remote that the hanging hole 34 is located at the hanging plate 31
One end from the ball 1, and the distance of 34 to two supporting leg 33 of the hanging hole is equal, is carrying out to the submarine optical fiber cable
Branch units lift by crane when, can by suspension hook hook be set to the platform sling 31 on hanging hole 34 in, and by lifting appliance to its into
Row lifting operation can complete the laying of the construction to the submarine optical fiber cable branch units and transport, and be tied by the way that the lifting is arranged
Structure 3, can be when lifting by crane the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and the pulling force that suspension hook acts on the platform sling 31 can pass through
The horizontal groove 12 is transferred in the ball 1, and the bolt for being used in the fixed transverse slat 32 does not bear suspension hook directly
Pulling force, so that the submarine optical fiber cable branch units is not exclusively passed through screw thread by the bolt of the fixed transverse slat 32 in transhipment and hold
Power can make the submarine optical fiber cable branch units rely on itself a part of mechanical structure load, so that it is guaranteed that the hoisting structure 3
Reliability, reduces the size for carrying out screw thread load by the bolt of the fixation transverse slat 32 when being transported through, and reduction causes institute
It states ball 1 described in the bolt falling of transverse slat 32 or occurs the case where bringing it about deformation, so as to cause the Submarine Optical is influenced
The overall stability of cable branch units.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the grooves 11 with embodiment 3
In the centre position of the ball 1 in the height direction, i.e., the described horizontal groove 12 is set in the ball 1 and institute
2 place plane intersection location of pipeline is stated, it can be when being lifted by crane to the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, suspension hook acts on described hang
Pulling force on plate 31 passes sequentially through supporting leg 34 on the platform sling 31 and transverse slat 32 is transferred to the horizontal groove 12, and passes through institute
It states horizontal groove 12 to be transferred in the ball 1, at this point, the pulling force for acting on the transverse slat 32 is straight up, to hang down
It does not stress in the direction of transverse slat 32 directly, the bolt for fixing the transverse slat 32 will not be made to carry out screw thread load, thereby using in fixation
The bolt of the transverse slat 32 does not bear the pulling force of suspension hook directly, and the submarine optical fiber cable branch units is made to rely solely on itself machine in transhipment
Tool structure carries out load, not against the fixation transverse slat 32 bolt by screw thread load, can be so that it is guaranteed that lifting knot
The reliability of structure 3 avoids that the bolt by the fixed transverse slat 32 is needed to carry out screw thread load when being transported through, causes described
Ball 1 described in the bolt falling of transverse slat 32 makes its deformation, to influence the monolithic stability of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units
Property.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the pipeline 2 is logical with embodiment 1
It crosses screw thread to connect with the ball 1, the pipeline 2 is connected through a screw thread, and the seabed is destroyed when can avoid using welding
The protective layer of the outer layer of fiber cable branch unit leads to its corrosion in its long period of soaking to seawater, is easy to influence the submarine optical fiber cable
The leakproofness and structural strength of branch units, to be connected through a screw thread the use longevity that can improve the submarine optical fiber cable branch units
Life.
Embodiment 6
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in two branched pipes with embodiment 1
A connection piece 4 is equipped between road 22, the connector 4 is detachably connected with two laterals 22, two laterals 22
It is attached fixation by the connector 4, the overall structure bearing capacity of two laterals 22 can be improved, make the sea
Back light cable branch units is located under high water pressure condition, two laterals 22 can be made to keep original form, to improve
The structural stability of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
Embodiment 7
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the balls with embodiment 1
1 is equipped with a fixing piece 5, and the fixing piece 5 is detachably connected with the main pipeline 21, by be arranged the fixing piece 5 and
The main pipeline 21 is attached fixation, can improve the structure bearing capacity of the main pipeline 21, makes the submarine optical fiber cable branch
Unit is located under high water pressure condition, and the main pipeline 21 can be made to keep original form, to improve the submarine optical fiber cable branch
The structural stability of unit.
Embodiment 8
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the balls with embodiment 1
1 is equipped with ribs can further increase the ball 1 by the way that the ribs is arranged in the ball 1
Bearing capacity makes the submarine optical fiber cable branch units be located under high water pressure condition, can keep original form, to improve the sea
The structural stability of back light cable branch units.
Embodiment 9
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the spherical shape is originally with embodiment 1
Pressure sensor, signal projector and processor are equipped in body 1, the processor connects the pressure sensor and signal transmitting
Device, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the ball 1 is more than safety value, described in the processor control
Signal projector emits alarm signal to workbench, and prompting works in the operating personnel of workbench submarine optical fiber cable branch list
Member is damaged needs and repairs replacement.
Embodiment 10
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the submarine optical fiber cable with embodiment 9
The major light being connected to the processor and the accumulator being connected to the processor, the processor are additionally provided on branch units
Secretly going out for the major light can be controlled, wherein the major light can send out the strong light that benthon is weary of, can be described
When pressure in ball 1 is more than safety value, the strong light for sending out benthon and being weary of is lighted by controlling the major light, is reached
To the effect for dispersing surrounding benthon in the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, benthon can be prevented and bait the Submarine Optical
Cable branch units and the phenomenon that causing its damage, occurs, to improve the service life of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, improve
The economic benefit of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
Embodiment 11
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the spherical cavity with embodiment 1
It is equipped with reinforcing rib in body 6, the whole ability to bear of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units can be improved, ensures submarine optical fiber cable branch list
Member can be suitable for the environment of stronger hydraulic pressure, to increase the scene use scope of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units, thus into one
The economic benefit for increasing the submarine optical fiber cable branch units of step.
Embodiment 12
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, and difference lies in the submarine optical fiber cable with embodiment 1
It is provided with outside branch units and prevents baiting metal mesh, when the submarine optical fiber cable branch units can be avoided to be located at seabed, by benthon
It baits and is damaged, the time that the first submarine optical fiber cable branch units is safeguarded is increased, to improve the submarine optical fiber cable
Branch units is located at the service life in seawater, to improve the economic benefit of the submarine optical fiber cable branch units.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, for those skilled in the art, is not departing from
Under the premise of the principle of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of submarine optical fiber cable branch units, which is characterized in that including：
Ball (1), the ball (1) is interior to be equipped with a spherical cavity (6), the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity (6) and institute
State the centre of sphere interval setting of ball (1)；
Pipeline (2), the pipeline (2) include a main pipeline (21) and two laterals (22), the main pipeline (21) and two points
In branch pipe(tube) (22) is generally aligned in the same plane, and the main pipeline (21) is arranged and fixes close to the centre of sphere of the spherical cavity (6)
In in the ball (1), the centre of sphere of two laterals (22) far from the spherical cavity (6) is arranged and is fixed on institute
It states in ball (1).
2. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Angle between two laterals (22)
Less than 50 °.
3. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Folder between two laterals (22)
Angle is 35 °.
4. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The ball (1) is equipped with two grooves (11) being oppositely arranged；
The submarine optical fiber cable branch units further includes a hoisting structure (3), and the hoisting structure (3) is fixed on the groove
(11)。
5. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The groove (11) is located at the spherical shape originally
The centre position of body (1) in the height direction.
6. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：
The groove (11) includes cross one another horizontal groove (12) and vertical groove (13)；
The hoisting structure (3) includes the hanging plate (31) and two transverse slats (32) of an arch, and hanging plate (31) both ends are equipped with supporting leg
(33), the supporting leg (33) is mounted on the vertical groove (13), and two transverse slats (32) are fastened in two branch respectively
Leg (33), and the transverse slat (32) is fixed on the horizontal groove (12).
7. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The centre of sphere of the spherical cavity (6) and institute
The centre of sphere spacing for stating ball (1) is 10mm.
8. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pipeline (2) by screw thread with it is described
Ball (1) connects.
9. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：One is equipped between two laterals (22)
Connector (4), the connector (4) are detachably connected with two laterals (22).
10. submarine optical fiber cable branch units as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is solid that the ball (1) is equipped with one
Determine part (5), and the fixing piece (5) is detachably connected with the main pipeline (21).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810541691.4A CN108732700B (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | Submarine optical cable branch unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810541691.4A CN108732700B (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | Submarine optical cable branch unit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108732700A true CN108732700A (en) | 2018-11-02 |
| CN108732700B CN108732700B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
Family
ID=63936071
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810541691.4A Active CN108732700B (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | Submarine optical cable branch unit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113311554A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-27 | 华海通信技术有限公司 | Submarine optical cable branch equipment and submarine optical cable system |
| CN115201984A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-18 | 浙江大学 | Modularized submarine cable splitter capable of being used for monitoring and communication |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113311554A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-27 | 华海通信技术有限公司 | Submarine optical cable branch equipment and submarine optical cable system |
| CN113311554B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-26 | 华海通信技术有限公司 | Submarine optical cable branch equipment and submarine optical cable system |
| CN115201984A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-18 | 浙江大学 | Modularized submarine cable splitter capable of being used for monitoring and communication |
| CN115201984B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-12-29 | 浙江大学 | Modularized submarine cable branching device capable of being used for monitoring and communication |
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| CN108732700B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
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