CN108732614B - A kind of online railway monitoring system and method based on distributed acoustic sensor - Google Patents
A kind of online railway monitoring system and method based on distributed acoustic sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The online railway monitoring system based on distributed acoustic sensor that the invention discloses a kind of, system include laser generator, circulator, distributed acoustic sensor, signal receiver and signal processor.Laser generator is for emitting pulse detection optical signal；The first end of circulator is connected with the output end of laser generator；For realizing signal one-way transmission；The signal end of distributed acoustic sensor is connected with the second end of circulator, for changing its scattering properties in the case where acoustic signals motivate, and is modulated to the pulse detection optical signal of circulator transmission and is exported back rayleigh scattering light by backscattering effect；The input terminal of signal receiver is connected with the third end of circulator, for back rayleigh scattering light to be switched to electric signal；The input terminal of signal processor is connected with the output end of signal receiver, for carrying out demodulation process to electric signal, judges the information that the exception information of rail and foreign matter enter according to signal after demodulation.Online railway monitoring system realizes a variety of monitoring multiplexings.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distributed acoustic wave sensory field of optic fibre, more particularly, to one kind based on distributed acoustics sensor
The online railway monitoring system and method for device.
Background technique
China is railway big country, and the accident that railway transportation occurs also happens occasionally, when a kind of accident because rail occur it is different
Reason condition, for example, broken rail, rail sedimentation, abrasion etc., this exception gently can then make train generate shaking, it is heavy then can make train take off
Rail endangers the safety of people and property；Another accident is that have foreign matter entrance due to Along Railway, such as falling rocks, mud-rock flow, or even mistake
Enter the people of railway perhaps injures and deaths or property loss caused by animal.
At present for the detection of rail exception, the main method for using ultrasonic Detection Method or image recognition, these sides
Method, which requires to occupy rail track, to be detected, and speed is slow, can only detect in the empty window phase of railway transportation.And some research benefits
It is measured with sound wave of the electric transducers such as piezoelectric ceramics to the sending of rail, on-line checking may be implemented, but due to using
Circuit is attached, and needs power supply, very high to environment, and Along Railway, which is difficult to meet laying, to be required.In addition, this kind of sensor
Spot measurement can only be carried out, since railway mileage is very long, it is desirable to achieve the purpose that rail exception can be detected along railway, need to pacify
A large amount of sensor is filled to reach " quasi-distributed ", installation process is sufficiently complex, and maintenance cost is high.
The detection entered at present for foreign matter, it is main to be detected in the form of protection power grid or protection optical cable,
Sensing cable or sensing optic cable are fixed on guardrail around rail, it is necessary to which by manually additionally being installed, engineering is complicated, effect
Rate is low, and affected by environment larger.
It can only be different to rail using two different systems respectively with currently existing scheme for both the above detection system
The detection that normal detection and foreign matter enter is detected respectively, is needed.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes a kind of, and the online railway based on distributed acoustic sensor monitors system
System and method, it is intended to it is abnormal with rail due to entering using distinct methods detection foreign matter to solve existing online railway monitoring system
Lead to not realize the technical issues of foreign matter enters detection and rail abnormality detection simultaneously.
As an aspect of of the present present invention, the present invention provides a kind of online railway monitoring system based on distributed acoustic sensor
System, comprising:
Laser generator, for emitting pulse detection optical signal；
Circulator, first end are connected with the output end of laser generator；For realizing signal one-way transmission；
Distributed acoustic sensor, signal end are connected with the second end of circulator, are carved with multiple micro-structures for one
Optical fiber, carried out for changing its scattering properties in the case where acoustic signals motivate, and to the pulse detection optical signal of circulator transmission
Modulation exports back rayleigh scattering light by backscattering effect；
Signal receiver, input terminal is connected with the third end of circulator, for back rayleigh scattering light to be switched to telecommunications
Number；And
Signal processor, input terminal are connected with the output end of signal receiver, for carrying out demodulation process to electric signal,
The information that the exception information of rail and foreign matter enter is judged according to signal after demodulation；
The acoustic signals that the acoustic signals generate when passing through for train, distributed acoustic sensor are laid with along rail.
Preferably, distributed acoustic sensor is fixed using fixed glue full section formula or fixing belt point type with rail side.
Preferably, micro-structure is by obtaining to optical fiber some location point by ultraviolet exposure in distributed acoustic sensor
?.
As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of monitoring side based on above-mentioned online railway monitoring system
Method includes the following steps:
Step S210: it is successive according to the time of Rayleigh scattering signal, determine that distributed acoustic sensor 103 detects often
The acoustic signals of one position；
Step S220: compared with train by the acoustic signals of the position by the acoustic signals of each position, judgement is
It is no foreign matter entrance occur；Sound wave transmitting analysis or acoustic characteristic comparative analysis are carried out by the acoustic signals to each position,
Determine whether rail exception occurs.
Preferably, the demodulation step of the acoustic signals of each position includes following sub-step in step S220:
Step S221: time domain average is carried out to the acoustic signals of each position, obtains being averaged for each position acoustic signals
Power；
Step S222: mean power is merged into detection zone in the adjacent position of the same grade, obtains detection zone
Collection；It is concentrated from detection zone and chooses detection zone as current detection region；
Step S223: judge detection zone before and after whether the mean power in current detection region is greater than current detection region
Mean power, if so, entering step S224；Otherwise, then S226 is entered step；
Step S224: judging whether the waveform in current detection region is identical by the acoustic signals of the position with train, if
It is then to enter step S225；Otherwise, which there is foreign matter entrance, and enters step S226；
Step S225: carrying out sound wave transmitting analysis or acoustic characteristic comparative analysis by the acoustic signals of each position,
It determines whether rail exception occurs, and enters step S226；
Step S226: judging whether that all detection zones have detected, if so, stopping；Otherwise, detection zone is extracted to make
For current detection region.
Preferably, the acoustic signals that sound wave transmitting analysis is carried out in step S225 are to obtain when train is without location point
?.
Preferably, sound wave transmitting analysis specifically: compare the amplitude of adjacent position acoustic signals, if the amplitude of acoustic signals
Difference ratio is greater than 20%, then determines to occur on the rail position compared abnormal；Otherwise, on the rail position compared not
Occur abnormal.
Preferably, the acoustic signals that acoustic characteristic comparative analysis is carried out in step S225 are to obtain when train passes through location point
?.
Preferably, acoustic characteristic comparative analysis specifically:
Compare by the feature of the acoustic signals of each position and with the feature of standing acoustic waves signal, if two feature differences,
Then determine to occur on the rail position compared abnormal；Otherwise, do not occur exception on the rail position compared.
Preferably, further include following steps before step S221: the acoustic signals of each position are filtered.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
1, online railway monitoring system provided by the invention acquires acoustic signals using a sensor fibre, by biography
Sense collecting fiber signal is demodulated, while realizing the detection entered to the detection of rail exception and foreign matter, entire online railway
Monitoring system realizes a variety of monitoring multiplexings；
2, online railway monitoring system provided by the invention, the service life of sensor fibre is very long and cheap, entirely exists
Line railway monitoring system cost is very low.In addition, optical fiber is not necessarily to artificial fixation and installation, mechanical brush coating can be used and fix, than
It plays traditional technology and very simple is installed, substantially reduce the use of manpower and material resources；
3, it is measured due to this system using distribution type fiber-optic, maximum feature is inspection that can be real-time distributed
The case where surveying, detecting and blind spot is not present, each position of Along Railway can be detected；
4, online railway monitoring system provided by the invention and the comparison of existing rail abnormality detection technology, do not need to account for
With track, do not need detection workman control detection device, only need the features such as being powered to host, detection more mechanization,
It is intelligent；
5, online railway monitoring system provided by the invention and the comparison of existing railway Intrusion Detection Technique, environment adapt to
Property it is very strong, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, do not need that sensor fibre is additionally installed, can be supervised in the railway in field
It surveys.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure chart of online railway monitoring system based on distributed acoustic sensor provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is distributed acoustic sensor and the signal of rail fixed form in online railway monitoring system provided by the invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that fault detection is carried out using online railway monitoring system provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart bearing the acoustic signals of each position in demodulation method provided by the invention and being demodulated；
Fig. 5 is the test result tested in demodulation method provided by the invention using sound wave transmitting analysis.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
The present invention provides a kind of online railway monitoring system and method based on distributed acoustic sensor, its object is to
It is monitored using only the sensing optic cable being fixed on rail, while to rail exception and Along Railway foreign matter entrance, due to
It is measured using sensing optic cable, possesses strong environmental adaptability, can be along a wide range of distributed measurement of Along Railway, use
Service life length, sensor fibre do not need the advantages such as energy supply, and thus it is abnormal different with Along Railway must not to detect rail simultaneously for solution
Object enters, and is difficult to realize real-time distributed monitoring, with high costs, the inspection entered for foreign matter for the detection of rail exception
Survey the technical issues of needing additional progress sensing cable or optical cable to be installed.
The present invention provides a kind of online railway monitoring system based on distributed acoustic sensor, the online railway monitoring system
System includes laser generator 101, circulator 102, distributed acoustic sensor 103, signal receiver 104 and signal processor
105.Wherein, the output end of laser generator 101 is connected with the first end 1 of circulator 102, distributed acoustic sensor 103
Signal end is connected with the second end 2 of circulator 102, and the input terminal of signal receiver 104 is connected with the third end 3 of circulator 102,
The input terminal of signal processor 105 is connected with the output end of signal receiver 104.Wherein, distributed acoustic sensor 103 is one
Root is carved with the optical fiber of multiple micro-structures.Micro-structure is to obtain after being exposed by some location point of ultraviolet light to optical fiber, point
Cloth acoustic sensor 103 is laid with along rail.
Distributed acoustic sensor 103 changes its scattering nature under acoustic signals excitation, and laser generator 101 is for sending out
Pulse detection optical signal is penetrated, pulse detection optical signal enters by the first end 1 of circulator 102, via the second of circulator 102
2 output of end passes through backscattering effect from circulator 103 by each microstructure Modulation into distributed acoustic sensor 103
Third end 3 exports, and the back rayleigh scattering signal of pulse detection optical signal is converted into electric signal after being received by signal receiver, electricity
Signal is demodulated via signal processor 105.The back rayleigh scattering light belt has information of acoustic wave, demodulates later to signal
And filtering therefrom obtains the exception information and foreign matter of rail to recover acoustic signals in the optical signal with heat transfer agent
The information of entrance.
Online railway monitoring system provided by the invention, due to distributed acoustic sensor 103 be one be carved with it is multiple micro-
The optical fiber of structure.Distributed measurement may be implemented, look-in frequency can achieve 0.1Hz~20kHz.It is fixed on the side of rail
Face detects rail and surrounding enviroment under the premise of not interfering train passage.
Above-mentioned distributed acoustic sensor 103, there are two types of fixed forms, and a kind of method is that mechanical brush coating is fixed, using special
Optical cable is fixed on rail by the brush coating vehicle that door is used to fix optical cable with glue, and the advantage of this mode is that optical cable couples with rail
It is even, it is not easily to fall off.Another method is that manual point type is fixed, and for test segment and is not available the special road of brush coating vehicle
Section.
The manufacturing process of above-mentioned distributed acoustic sensor 103 are as follows: carry out uv-exposure on some point on optical fiber, obtain
Single micro-structure, the micro-structure and common bragg grating ratio are obtained, the intensity of micro-structure refractive index modulation is weaker, structure week
The length of phase is smaller, and structural cycle can achieve Nano grade.Then it is exposed every certain length, generates several micro- knots
Structure, gap length is arranged according to 103 sensing point of distributed acoustic sensor to be required to determine, distributed acoustics is finally prepared and passes
Sensor 103.The Rayleigh scattering of detection light can be enhanced using ultraviolet exposure in the fabrication process, to improve the letter of scattering light
It makes an uproar ratio.
As shown in figure 3, carrying out fault detection using online railway monitoring system provided by the invention, include the following steps:
Step S110: laser emitter injects pulse detection optical signal in the sensor fibre being fixed on rail；
Step S120: detection light generates back rayleigh scattering light in sensor fibre, wherein contains in back rayleigh scattering light
There are rail and extraneous information of acoustic wave；
Step S130: signal receiver, which receives, passes through the reflected back rayleigh scattering light of sensor fibre；
Step S140: demodulation filtering is carried out to the back rayleigh scattering light received.
As shown in figure 4, the demodulation method of online railway monitoring system provided by the invention, includes the following steps:
Step S210: it is successive according to the time of back rayleigh scattering signal, determine that distributed acoustic sensor 103 detects
To the acoustic signals of each position；
Step S220: compared with train by the acoustic signals of the position by the acoustic signals of each position, judgement is
It is no foreign matter entrance occur；Sound wave transmitting analysis is carried out by the acoustic signals of each position or acoustic characteristic comparative analysis determines
Whether rail there is exception.
The demodulation step of the acoustic signals of each position provided by the invention, including following sub-step:
Step S221: low-pass filtering is carried out to acoustic signals sequence；
Step S222: time domain average is carried out to the acoustic signals of each position, obtains being averaged for each position acoustic signals
Power；
Step S223: analyzing the mean power of each position, and all positions are drawn according to mean power
An as region is regarded adjacent multiple mean powers in the position of the same grade in subregion；It will be where position to be detected
Region is as current region；The mean power of same grade refers to that in combined detection position, minimum average power is corresponding
Detect the 80% of the average power content of the average power content detection position corresponding not less than highest average power of position.
Step S224: if the mean power of current region is much larger than the mean power in its front and back region, this illustrates this section
Region sound source generates acoustic signals, continues to execute step S225, otherwise, illustrates that this section of region does not have sound source to generate sound wave letter
Number, step S227.
Step S225: analyzing the length in the region of sound source, and corresponds to original acoustic wave letter in conjunction with sound source region
Number frequency spectrum illustrate to be train if the feature of acoustic signals is coincide when the feature of acoustic signals and train pass through this section
The sound wave that wheel and rail interaction generate, carries out rail anomaly analysis, continues to execute step S225；If acoustic signals
Feature and the feature of train misfit, then illustrating not instead of train wheel and the sound wave that rail interaction generates, foreign matter
Into the sound wave of generation, it is believed that there are the event generations that foreign matter enters, and jump to step 8.
Step S226: the sound wave issued by train wheel and rail interaction is analyzed, two kinds of sides are divided into
Formula is sound wave transmitting analysis and acoustic characteristic comparative analysis respectively.
Sound wave transmitting analysis transmits situation by a sound wave of train excitation to analyze on rail, when sound wave is in rail
When middle transmitting, the amplitude of sound wave can decay with the increase of the distance of propagation, when there is the exception such as fracture in rail, can change
The rule that change of voice wave transmits in rail, for example echo can be generated when rail break, have situations such as very strong decaying, then analyze
To sound wave the case where being transmitted on rail, so that it may judge whether rail has occurred abnormal conditions, and can accurately obtain exception
The position of point.
In detection method provided by the invention, the acoustic signals for carrying out sound wave transmitting analysis are in train without location point
When obtain.Compare the amplitude of adjacent position acoustic signals, if the amplitude difference ratio of acoustic signals be greater than 20%, determine by than
Compared with rail position on occur it is abnormal；Otherwise, do not occur exception on the rail position compared.As shown in figure 5, rail is being schemed
There is crack in middle thick line position, in same time period, it can be seen that sound wave is produced in crack location and later position substantially to decline
Subtract.
The transmittance process of multiple sound waves in one position is analyzed in acoustic characteristic comparative analysis, by passing through to train
The signal of the multiple sound waves superposition generated carries out spectrum analysis, if the rail of some position has exception, then the sound of this point
The frequency spectrum of wave and normal frequency spectrum have larger difference, pass through this difference, so that it may judge whether rail has occurred exception simultaneously
The position of abnormal point can accurately be obtained.
In detection method provided by the invention, the acoustic signals for carrying out acoustic characteristic comparative analysis are in train by position
It is obtained when point.Compare by the feature of the acoustic signals of each position and with the feature of standing acoustic waves signal, if two feature differences,
Then determine to occur on the rail position compared abnormal；Otherwise, do not occur exception on the rail position compared.
Step S227: finding subsequent region as current region along the direction of railway, jump to step S224, until all
Region all be detected.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of online railway monitoring system based on distributed acoustic sensor characterized by comprising
Laser generator (101), for emitting pulse detection optical signal；
Circulator (102), the output end connection of first end (1) same to laser generator (101)；It is unidirectionally passed for realizing signal
It is defeated；
Distributed acoustic sensor (103), second end (2) connection of the same circulator of signal end (102), is carved with more for one
The optical fiber of a micro-structure is visited for changing its scattering properties in the case where acoustic signals motivate, and to the pulse of circulator (102) transmission
Light signal, which is modulated, exports back rayleigh scattering light by backscattering effect；It is micro- in distributed acoustic sensor (103)
Structure is by obtaining to some location point of optical fiber by ultraviolet exposure；
Signal receiver (104), third end (3) connection of the same circulator of input terminal (102), is used for back rayleigh scattering
Light switchs to electric signal；And
Signal processor (105), the output end connection of the same signal receiver of input terminal (104), for being solved to electric signal
Reason is mediated, the information that the exception information of rail and foreign matter enter is judged according to signal after demodulation；
The acoustic signals that the acoustic signals generate when passing through for train, distributed acoustic sensor (103) are laid with along rail.
2. online railway monitoring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that distributed acoustic sensor (103) uses
Fixed glue full section formula or fixing belt point type are fixed with rail side.
3. a kind of monitoring method based on online railway monitoring system of any of claims 1 or 2, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step:
Step S210: it is successive according to the time of Rayleigh scattering signal, determine that distributed acoustic sensor (103) detects often
The acoustic signals of one position；
Step S220: compared with train by the acoustic signals of the position by the acoustic signals of each position, judge whether
Existing foreign matter enters；Sound wave transmitting analysis or acoustic characteristic comparative analysis are carried out by the acoustic signals to each position, is determined
Whether rail there is exception；
The demodulation step of the acoustic signals of each position includes following sub-step in step S220:
Step S221: time domain average is carried out to the acoustic signals of each position, obtains the mean power of each position acoustic signals；
Step S222: mean power is merged into detection zone in the adjacent position of the same grade, obtains detection zone collection；From
Detection zone, which is concentrated, chooses detection zone as current detection region；
Step S223: judge whether the mean power in current detection region is greater than being averaged for current detection region front and back detection zone
Power, if so, entering step S224；Otherwise, then S226 is entered step；
Step S224: judging whether the waveform in current detection region is identical by the acoustic signals of the position with train, if so,
Enter step S225；Otherwise, which there is foreign matter entrance, and enters step S226；
Step S225: sound wave transmitting analysis is carried out by the acoustic signals of each position, determines whether rail exception occurs, goes forward side by side
Enter step S226；
Step S226: judging whether that all detection zones have detected, if so, stopping；Otherwise, it extracts detection zone and is used as and work as
Preceding detection zone；
The acoustic signals that sound wave transmitting analysis is carried out in step S225 are to obtain when train is without location point；
Sound wave transmitting analysis specifically: compare the amplitude of adjacent position acoustic signals, if the amplitude difference ratio of acoustic signals is greater than
20%, then determine to occur on the rail position compared abnormal；Otherwise, do not occur exception on the rail position compared.
4. monitoring method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that before step S221 further include following steps: to every
The acoustic signals of a position are filtered.
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| CN109682321B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2020-05-19 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed strain sensing system based on self-adaptive reference compensation and measuring method thereof |
| CN111120005B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-27 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed tunnel reinforcing steel ring failure monitoring device and method |
| CN111845843A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-30 | 南京大学 | High-speed rail safe operation detection method based on optical fiber distributed vibration monitoring |
| CN114659611B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-05-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Track fastener state monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating array |
| CN116399379B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-11-03 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system and measuring method thereof |
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| CN105203137A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-30 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber multi-domain sensing system and demodulation method |
| CN106840356A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-13 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of distributed vibration sensing system and its application |
| CN106741009A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 东南大学 | A kind of rail foreign body intrusion monitoring method based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer |
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