CN108691508B - A kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength - Google Patents
A kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN108691508B CN108691508B CN201810438485.0A CN201810438485A CN108691508B CN 108691508 B CN108691508 B CN 108691508B CN 201810438485 A CN201810438485 A CN 201810438485A CN 108691508 B CN108691508 B CN 108691508B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/20—General features of equipment for removal of chippings, e.g. for loading on conveyor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of driving methods of solid rock weakening strength, arrange development machine in driving face and to tunnel integral type abradant jet drilling machine, high-pressure hydraulic pump for carrier；Before tunneling machine cutting rock mass, drilling is formed in rock mass using integral type abradant jet drilling machine, a series of cone cell crack race is formed by slot on the basis of drilling；Utilize borehole sealing a distance of high pressure hole packer nearly development end, high pressure hole packer is connected to by water inlet pipe with high-pressure hydraulic pump, using rock mass resistance to compression not tensile characteristics, the intracorporal cone cell crack race of rock is set to expand to form intensive cone cell fracture network, to weaken rock mass strength.Then using the rock mass inside cutting head of roadheader cutting with cone cell fracture network, to greatly improve tunnelling efficiency, while the service life of development machine can be extended, reduces driving expense.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of driving methods of solid rock weakening strength, are suitable for the higher tunnel of Polodyakonov coefficient coefficient
Or rock mass in tunnel tunneling construction.
Background technique
Currently, coal mining gradually develops to deep layer and bad ground, to deep layer, bad ground coal resources safety
More stringent requirements are proposed and new challenge for high efficient mining technology and equipment.Due to the increase of crustal stress, usual deep layer, intricately
Elasticity modulus, hardness and the breakdown strength etc. of layer coal petrography increase with it, and uniaxial compressive strength often reaches 150MPa or more.Although
Development blasting method have the characteristics that flexibly, conveniently, it is at low cost, adaptable and do not influenced by geological conditions variation, but it is deposited
In the disadvantages such as process is more, safety is low, drivage efficiency is low.Tool wear is serious when machine cut broken rock, consumption is big, main to use
In the coal petrography for cutting broken Polodyakonov coefficient coefficient f≤8；Mechanical shock can with shatter most coal petrography, but hard coal petrography (f >
15) in work there are button serious wear low and Dust Capacity is big with fall off, efficiency of breaking rock the problems such as, greatly reduce mechanical punching
Hit rock breaking capacity, efficiency and service life of equipment and reliability, how to realize hard coal petrography it is safe and efficient it is broken at
For the critical issue and difficult point of the exploitation of the ore bodies resource high-efficiencies such as deep layer, bad ground coal.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of solid rock weakening strength
Driving method, before development machine carries out mechanization cutting, loading and conveying to solid rock, increase in solid rock into
The process of row drilling and slot, sealing of hole and pressure break, so that rock mass strength and anti-cutting capacity are weakened, it is hard to improve tunnel or tunnel
The construction efficiency and safety of hard rock body.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength, the equipment used in the driving method mainly have integral type abrasive material
Jet stream drilling machine and development machine, the development machine are provided with cutterhead, loader mechanism and transport establishment, and multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm passes through
Angling cylinder is mounted on the development machine, and the integral type abradant jet drilling machine passes through guide rail and the multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm
It is slidably connected, high-pressure hydraulic pump is also loaded on the development machine, the integral type abradant jet drilling machine is supplied high by high-pressure hydraulic pump
Press water；The equipment used in the driving method further includes high pressure hole packer, the high pressure hole packer by water inlet pipe with it is described
High-pressure hydraulic pump connection, the hydraulic pressure of the high pressure water are 100MPa or more；
The development machine is mainly used for cutting solid rock and the load as integral type abradant jet drilling machine and high-pressure hydraulic pump
Body；Multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm is used to realize the evolution of integral type abradant jet drilling machine；The integral type abradant jet drilling machine
It is mainly used for carrying out drilling and slot in solid rock；Its advantage is to install integral type abradant jet drilling machine and high-pressure hydraulic pump
On development machine, without the existing basic structure of change development machine, a kind of driving method of solid rock of the invention can be made
It being capable of Rapid Implementation.
The driving method specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step, drilling and slot
It is described mostly freely first with angling cylinder driving when tunneling the solid rock of Polodyakonov coefficient coefficient f > 15
The integral type abradant jet drilling machine that degree mechanical arm loads the development machine rear portion turns to the front of the development machine, right
Standard wants the position of construction drill, creeps into formation drilling in the solid rock using the integral type abradant jet drilling machine, so
The integral type abradant jet drilling machine carries out slot with high-pressure water jet around the hole wall of the drilling afterwards, makes around drilling
Rock mass forms cone cell crack race, and during the drilling and slot, the integral type abradant jet drilling machine is in the guide rail
Upper sliding is to change at a distance from solid rock；The drilling is completed with after slot work, how free the angling cylinder driving is
Mechanical arm is spent by integral type abradant jet drilling-machine shifter to development machine rear portion；
Its advantage is that the strong feature of solid rock ability is cut using high-pressure abradant jet current, is bored using integral type abradant jet
Machine realizes drilling and the slot of solid rock, and the drilling of integral type abradant jet drilling machine and slot are high-efficient, ability is strong, link
Less, precision is high.The cone cell crack race of formation provides higher condition for the sealing of hole and pressure break for carrying out next step, can be in sealing of hole
The effect of reduction rock mass is improved when pressure break.
Second step, sealing of hole and pressure break
The drilling is sealed with the high pressure hole packer, the high pressure hole packer is then passed through into the water inlet pipe
The high-pressure hydraulic pump is connected, high pressure water is injected in the drilling, the cone cell crack that the solid rock Central Plains is initially formed
Race is by high pressure water pressure break, and the cone cell crack race in solid rock is extended to cone cell fracture network, to reduce the hard rock
The integral strength of body and anti-cutting capacity complete pressure break work after the spreading range for observing cone cell fracture network reaches requirement
Make, then removes high pressure hole packer；
Its advantage is that high-pressure hydraulic pump combines high pressure hole packer reliably for high pressure water injection petrosal foramen and cone cell crack race, is utilized
Tensile characteristics do not expand the cone cell fracture network that cone cell crack race forms large area to rock, realize the large area intensity of rock mass and resist and cut
Cut ability reduction.
Tunnel or tunnel solid rock for different section size, the repeatable first step and second before development machine work
Step, carries out one or many drilling-slots and sealing of hole and pressure break again on solid rock.Its advantage is that tunnel or tunnel may be implemented
Rock mass completely weaken in road driving range or non-circular tunnel or tunnel cross-section rock mass strength weaken.
Third step, cutting and shipment
There is the solid rock of the cone cell fracture network using the cutterhead cutting of the development machine, then
The rock mass fragment for cutting and falling is loaded by the loader mechanism of the development machine, is fallen by transport establishment's transport section of the development machine
Rock mass fragment；
Its advantage is that can efficiently realize the fast of the rock mass with cone cell fracture network using development machine mature at present
Fast tunneling construction, and realize that rock mass cutting, loading and Transport Machinery are turned into industry.
Above step is repeated, the drilling for carrying out next solid rock is followed with pressure break-cutting with what is shipped with slot-sealing of hole
Ring operation, until tunnel or tunnel piercing are completed.
The wherein setting of drilling parameter, such as the depth L of drillingHole, drilling and the angle α of the stratification of rock stratum, the spacing n of drilling
Setting, critically important influence is played to the fracturing effect of solid rock.
The depth L of drillingHoleL should be metHole≥5LIt cuts, wherein LIt cutsFor the cutting depth of cutterhead；To guarantee in cutting
When, cone cell fracture network has been formd in the solid rock in cutting depth bounds；Primary reduction rock mass is more for development machine
Secondary cutting.
Bore angle α should make high-pressure water jet be parallel to the stratification of rock mass, the micro crack that such slot is formed as far as possible
Race will be parallel with stratification, and in sealing of hole pressure break, high pressure water will form the stratification perpendicular to rock stratum to the pressure of micro crack race
Pulling force, such fracturing effect can improve a lot；
In solid rock, when weakening rock mass, formed after carrying out sealing of hole pressure break for a drilling using sealing of hole pressure break
Cone cell fracture network diffusion diameter be DIt is macro, the diffusion diameter D of cone cell fracture networkIt is macroIt can be obtained by on-the-spot test, size
With the tensile strength of rock mass is negatively correlated and the pressure of high pressure water is positively correlated, i.e. the tensile strength of rock mass is lower, high pressure water
Pressure is bigger, and fracturing effect is better, the diffusion diameter D of the cone cell fracture networkIt is macroIt is bigger；The spacing n of drilling should meet
0.1DIt is macro≤n≤0.3DIt is macro, the spacing n of drilling is smaller, is more obvious to the reduction effect of solid rock.Fracture network spacing is intensively weak
Change degree is high, D after extensionNetDirectly up to 1~2 meter.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention sufficiently uses the resistance to compression of solid rock without tensile characteristics, in development machine to solid rock
Before carrying out mechanization cutting, loading and conveying, the work that drilling with slot-sealing of hole and pressure break are carried out in solid rock is increased
Sequence substantially reduces rock mass cutting difficulty to weaken rock mass strength and anti-cutting capacity, improves the work of mechanical driving solid rock
Make condition, realizes the mechanization high efficient driving of tunnel or tunnel solid rock.Development machine service life can be extended simultaneously, reduced
Driving expense.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the driving method of solid rock weakening strength of the present invention；
In figure: 1-integral type abradant jet drilling machine；2-development machines；2-1-cutterhead；2-2-loader mechanism；2-3—
Transport establishment；3-multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arms；4-angling cylinders；5-guide rails；6-high-pressure hydraulic pumps；7-high pressure hole packers；8—
Water inlet pipe；9-solid rocks；10-drillings；11-cone cell crack races；12-cone cell fracture networks.
Specific embodiment
Present invention implementation is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of driving method of solid rock of the invention, related equipment mainly includes high pressure sealing of hole
Device 7, water inlet pipe 8, angling cylinder 4, multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm 3, integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1, development machine 2 and high-pressure hydraulic pump 6；
The development machine 2 has cutterhead 2-1, loader mechanism 2-2 and transport establishment 2-3, and the development machine 2 is mainly used for the hard rock of cutting
Body 9 and carrier as integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 and high-pressure hydraulic pump 6；The multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm 3 passes through the revolution
Oil cylinder 4 is mounted on development machine 2, and the integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 and the guide rail 5 of multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm 3 are slidably connected,
For realizing the evolution of integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1；The integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 is mainly used in hard rock
Drilling and slot are carried out in body 9；The high-pressure hydraulic pump 6 is mainly used for supplying high pressure water to integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1；It is described
Driving method specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step, drilling and slot drive multi freedom degree mechanical first with angling cylinder 4 when tunneling solid rock 9
The integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 that arm 3 is placed on 2 rear portion of development machine is moved to 2 front of development machine, integral type abradant jet drilling machine
The 1 drilling formation drilling 10 in solid rock 9, multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm 3 controls integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 in drilling 10
Slot around hole wall makes the surrounding rock body of drilling 10 form cone cell crack race 11, after completing rock body drilled and slot work, by returning
Turning oil cylinder 4 drives multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm 3 that integral type abradant jet drilling machine 1 is moved to 2 rear portion of development machine；
The drilling 10 of driving face is sealed a distance using high pressure hole packer 7, used by second step, sealing of hole and pressure break
High-pressure hydraulic pump 6 connects high pressure hole packer 7 by water inlet pipe 8, by high pressure water injection hole 10 and cone cell crack race 11, high water pressure
It splits cone cell crack race 11 and forms cone cell fracture network 12, so that the anti-cutting capacity and intensity of solid rock 9 are weakened, after the completion of pressure break
Dismantle high pressure hole packer 7；
Third step, the tunnel for different section size or tunnel solid rock 9, development machine 2 repeat first before working
Step and second step carry out one or many drilling-slots and sealing of hole and pressure break again on solid rock 9, realize tunnel or tunnel
Solid rock 9 in range is tunneled completely to weaken.
4th step, cutting and shipment have had the hard of cone cell fracture network 12 using the cutterhead 2-1 cutting of development machine 2
Rock mass (9) is loaded using the loader mechanism 2-2 and transport establishment 2-3 of development machine 2 and transport cuts the rock mass fragment fallen；
After completing the tunnel 5m or tunnel solid rock driving, above step is repeated, next 5m in tunnel or tunnel is carried out
The drilling of solid rock and the cycle operation of slot-sealing of hole and pressure break-cutting and shipment, until tunnel or tunnel piercing are completed.
As another embodiment of the invention, using integral type abradant jet drilling machine formed in rock mass diameter 50mm,
The deep hole of depth 5m, integral type abrasive material drilling machine slot revolution is controlled under the conditions of 100MPa abradant jet and enters petrosal foramen depth orients
Form a series of spacing 100mm, path 50mm, major diameter 100mm, about 120 ° of cone angle of cone cell crack race.Utilize high pressure hole packer
Nearly development end institute drilling deep hole seals a distance, by the water inlet pipe of high-pressure hydraulic pump access high pressure hole packer, 100MPa pressure water
Using rock mass resistance to compression, tensile characteristics do not make the intracorporal cone cell fracture propagation of rock form the intensive cone cell fracture network of major diameter about 1.5m, real
The orientation reduction of existing solid rock intensity.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength, it is characterised in that: the equipment used in the driving method is main
Including integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) and development machine (2), the development machine (2) is provided with cutterhead (2-1), loader mechanism
(2-2) and transport establishment (2-3), multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm (3) are mounted on the development machine (2) by angling cylinder (4), institute
It states integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) to be slidably connected by guide rail (5) with the multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm (3), the development machine
(2) it is also mounted on high-pressure hydraulic pump (6), the integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) supplies high pressure water by high-pressure hydraulic pump (6)；Institute
Stating the equipment used in driving method further includes high pressure hole packer (7), and the high pressure hole packer (7) passes through water inlet pipe (8) and institute
High-pressure hydraulic pump (6) connection is stated, the hydraulic pressure of the high pressure water is 100MPa or more；
The driving method specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step, drilling and slot
It is described mostly certainly first with the angling cylinder (4) driving when tunneling solid rock (9) of Polodyakonov coefficient coefficient f > 15
The integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) that the development machine (2) rear portion loads is turned into the development machine by degree mechanical arm (3)
(2) front, the position of construction drill is wanted in alignment, using the integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) in the solid rock (9)
Middle drilling forms drilling (10), and then the integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) is with high-pressure grinding material water jet in the drilling
(10) slot is carried out around hole wall, so that the surrounding rock body of drilling (10) is formed cone cell crack race (11), in drilling and slot
In the process, the integral type abradant jet drilling machine (1) is slided on the guide rail (5) to change at a distance from solid rock (9)；
The drilling is completed with after slot work, the angling cylinder (4) drives multi-degree-of-freemechanical mechanical arm (3) by integral type abradant jet
Drilling machine (1) is moved to development machine (2) rear portion in front of development machine (2)；
Second step, sealing of hole and pressure break
The drilling (10) is sealed with the high pressure hole packer (7), is infused high pressure water by the high pressure hole packer (7)
Enter in the drilling (10), the cone cell crack race (11) that solid rock (9) Central Plains is initially formed is by high pressure water pressure break, heavily fortified point
The cone cell crack race (11) in hard rock body is extended to cone cell fracture network (12), to reduce the whole of the solid rock (9)
Body intensity and anti-cutting capacity complete fracture job, then after cone cell fracture network (12) spreading range reaches prescribed requirement
It removes high pressure hole packer (7)；
Third step, cutting and shipment
There is the described hard of the cone cell fracture network (12) using the cutterhead (2-1) cutting of the development machine (2)
Rock mass (9) then loads the rock mass fragment for cutting and falling by the loader mechanism (2-2) of the development machine (2), passes through the development machine
(2) transport establishment (2-3) transport cuts the rock mass fragment fallen；
Construct it is described drilling (10) parameter, the depth L of drillingHole, drilling and the angle α of the stratification of rock stratum, the spacing n of drilling
Set-up mode is as follows:
A. the depth to drill, LHole≥5LIt cuts, wherein LIt cutsFor the cutting depth of cutterhead；
B. angle α is arranged according to the main stratification of rock mass, high-pressure water jet is made to be parallel to the stratification of rock mass；
C. the spacing n to drill meets 0.1DNet≤n≤0.3DNet, the spacing n of drilling is smaller, gets over to the reduction effect of solid rock
Obviously, the wherein diffusion diameter D of cone cell fracture networkNetIt is obtained by field test.
2. a kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the third step
In tunnel for different section size or tunnel solid rock (9), the above first step and the are repeated before development machine (2) work
Two steps carry out one or many drilling-slots and sealing of hole and pressure break again on solid rock (9), realize tunnel or tunnel piercing
Solid rock (9) completely weakens in range.
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| CN201810438485.0A CN108691508B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | A kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength |
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| CN201810438485.0A CN108691508B (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | A kind of driving method of solid rock weakening strength |
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| CN108691508B true CN108691508B (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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| CN111119917B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-03-30 | 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 | Urban rock stratum mud-water balance pipe jacking construction method |
| CN112096429A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2020-12-18 | 通用技术集团工程设计有限公司 | Construction method for rapidly tunneling ultra-large section chamber based on rock directional hydraulic fracturing technology |
| CN114233294A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 盐城市天勤机械有限公司 | Marble and granite mine mining and tunneling process |
| CN114645711A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-06-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Drilling-pressing-digging integrated hard rock tunneling equipment |
| CN114893182B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-02-03 | 中南大学 | Mechanical mining equipment and process based on hard rock hole array mutation fracture modification |
| CN115539037B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-07-23 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Near-space wide coal pillar broken roof pressure relief method under close-range hard thick roof |
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