CN108672835B - Herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation - Google Patents
Herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F7/00—Making herringbone gear teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F23/1218—Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
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Abstract
A herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation is characterized in that a herringbone gear symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model is established based on a space plane fitting method, a least square method and a symmetry error equivalent processing method, the herringbone gear symmetry error is calculated and expressed through mathematical model calculation, and the symmetry error online detection and compensation machining is completed by using a motion shaft of a numerical control gear shaping machine and a numerical control system. The method realizes efficient, high-precision and batch processing of the herringbone gear symmetry error online detection and compensation by developing a herringbone gear symmetry error online detection numerical control program, applying a fixed angle processing function and an optimized measuring method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation.
Background
The herringbone gear has the advantages of high bearing capacity, stable transmission, small axial load and the like, and is widely applied to the mechanical transmission field of ships, heavy machinery and the like. Along with the development of machines towards the direction of heavy load, high speed and low noise, higher and higher requirements are put on the machining precision of the character gear. The symmetry degree of the gear is usually ensured by adopting a manual scribing and scribing tool auxiliary mode in the traditional herringbone gear machining process, the method is complicated in operation and greatly influenced by human factors, the current research on poor machining precision of the gear mainly focuses on the aspect of measuring and evaluating the plane symmetry degree, and the method for measuring and evaluating the space symmetry degree error is still lack of specific research.
At present, the machining research aiming at the herringbone gear mainly focuses on the aspects of gear meshing characteristics, centering error influence factors, symmetry degree improving methods and the like, and certain research results are obtained. However, the existing herringbone gear is mostly processed by milling rough processing or common rolling and gear shaping methods, and the automation degree is low; and the method for ensuring the symmetry degree of the herringbone gear still remains in the traditional manual scribing or realizes the manual scribing by means of an auxiliary tool, and the method has low efficiency and poor reliability.
Therefore, research for developing the on-line detection and compensation processing method of the symmetry error of the herringbone gear is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation, wherein a herringbone gear symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model is established based on a space plane fitting method, a least square method and a symmetry error equivalent processing method, the herringbone gear symmetry error is calculated and expressed through mathematical model calculation, and the symmetry error online detection and compensation machining is completed by using a motion shaft of a numerical control gear shaping machine and a numerical control system. The method realizes efficient, high-precision and batch processing of the herringbone gear symmetry error online detection and compensation by developing a herringbone gear symmetry error online detection numerical control program, applying a fixed angle processing function and an optimized measuring method.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at the problem of poor symmetry degree of high-precision herringbone gear machining, a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry degree error online detection and compensation is provided; on the basis of analyzing the generated symmetry out-of-tolerance, a form and position tolerance measurement principle is applied, and a space symmetry error measurement and evaluation method is combined to provide a novel processing method for determining the symmetry error of the herringbone gear in a mode of utilizing the included angle between a projection straight line and a reference straight line and based on the on-line detection and compensation of the symmetry.
Establishing a space symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model:
in order to realize effective detection and compensation of herringbone gear symmetry degree errors, central symmetry planes of a left hand gear and a right hand gear of the herringbone gear are positioned as a symmetry center plane O, position measurement of A, B planes and C, D planes is respectively completed through a contact type measuring head, and position coordinates of middle points of measuring point connecting lines of heights corresponding to A1-An and B1-Bn, C1-Cn and D1-Dn are respectively Ai (X) respectively (position coordinates of middle points of measuring point connecting lines of corresponding heights of C1-Cn and D1-Dn are respectivelyAi,YAi,ZAi)、Bi(XBi,YBi,ZBi)、Ci(XCi,YCi,ZCi) And Di (X)Di,YDi,ZDi) Where i ∈ [1, n ]](ii) a Fitting n central points respectively by using a planeSolving to obtain a surface A and B fitting symmetric planes E and C, and a surface D fitting symmetric plane F; respectively solving projection linear equations of the fitting symmetric planes E and F on the symmetric central plane O by using space plane projection; the projection linear equation is processed approximately to ensure that the two projection lines are parallel; solving the linear distance e of the two projections, wherein the linear distance e is infinitely similar to the deflection chord length due to small symmetrical error of the processed herringbone gear; the compensation of symmetry errors of the herringbone gear can be realized by utilizing the oblique cutter relieving motion function to realize the deviation of the machining cutter.
The midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the surfaces A and B are as follows:
in a similar way, the midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the C surface and the D surface are as follows:
solving a space fitting plane equation by using n point coordinates in space, respectively solving an A plane, a B plane, a C plane, a D plane symmetric center fitting plane E and an F equation, and setting the plane E and the F equation as follows:
z=a0x+a1y+a2(3)
z'=a'0x+a'1y+a'2(4)
and solving a point set fitting space plane in the connecting line of the measuring points by adopting a least square method, wherein the point set fitting space plane can be obtained by respectively solving:
the space fitting planes E and F are respectively intersected with the symmetrical central plane O, and the intersected linear equation is solved by using space analytic geometry; the approximation process ensures the parallelism of the two intersecting straight lines, and the coordinate distance of the two straight lines on the X axis of the XOY coordinate system is the symmetry error e of the tested herringbone gear.
The invention can realize high positioning precision and automatic clamping of the standard positioning reference, and avoids the problems of repeated alignment and unstable clamping fixation.
An online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry degree detection device is designed, a basic method for realizing detection of the symmetry degree error quantity of the herringbone gear and effective control of the device by using the device is provided, and a numerical control program for automatically detecting the symmetry degree error quantity is developed on the basis;
the method for carrying out angle compensation on a rotating shaft and translation compensation on an oblique cutter back-off by adopting the numerical control gear shaper servo control and combining the numerical control system program control to set the angle processing mode realizes the batch processing of the herringbone gears with high symmetry;
the online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry degree detection device is verified to have better reliability by combining with a herringbone gear machining example, and the herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry degree detection and compensation can stably control the machining symmetry degree within 0.02mm, so that the reasonability and the accuracy of the method are verified, and a new way is provided for machining the high-symmetry herringbone gear.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a herringbone gear symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model provided by the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of herringbone gear slotting machining based on symmetry error online detection and compensation of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the basic process of the present invention applied to numerical control slotting machining of herringbone gears,
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional diagram of the online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry error detection device of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry error detection device of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the symmetry error on-line detection and compensation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation, wherein a herringbone gear symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model is established based on a space plane fitting method, a least square method and a symmetry error equivalent processing method, the herringbone gear symmetry error is calculated and expressed through mathematical model calculation, and the symmetry error online detection and compensation machining is completed by using a motion shaft of a numerical control gear shaping machine and a numerical control system. On the basis, the online multi-degree-of-freedom online detection device realizes efficient, high-precision and batch processing of herringbone gear symmetry error online detection and compensation by developing a herringbone gear symmetry error online detection numerical control program, applying a fixed angle processing function and an optimized measuring method.
In order to solve the problems, the herringbone gear slotting machining method based on the symmetry error online detection and compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
aiming at the problem of poor symmetry degree of high-precision herringbone gear machining, a herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry degree error online detection and compensation is provided; on the basis of analyzing the generated symmetry out-of-tolerance, a form and position tolerance measurement principle is applied, and a space symmetry error measurement and evaluation method is combined to provide a novel processing method for determining the symmetry error of the herringbone gear in a mode of utilizing the included angle between a projection straight line and a reference straight line and based on the on-line detection and compensation of the symmetry.
Establishing a space symmetry error detection and compensation mathematical model:
in order to realize effective detection and compensation of herringbone gear symmetry degree errors, central symmetry planes of a left hand gear and a right hand gear of the herringbone gear are positioned as a symmetry center plane O, position measurement of A, B planes and C, D planes is respectively completed through a contact type measuring head, and position coordinates of middle points of measuring point connecting lines of heights corresponding to A1-An and B1-Bn, C1-Cn and D1-Dn are respectively Ai (X) respectively (position coordinates of middle points of measuring point connecting lines of corresponding heights of C1-Cn and D1-Dn are respectivelyAi,YAi,ZAi)、Bi(XBi,YBi,ZBi)、Ci(XCi,YCi,ZCi) And Di (X)Di,YDi,ZDi) Where i ∈ [1, n ]](ii) a Respectively solving by using the plane to fit n central points to obtain a surface-fitting symmetric plane A, a surface-fitting symmetric plane B, a surface-fitting symmetric plane E and a surface-fitting symmetric plane C, and a surface-fitting symmetric plane D; respectively solving projection linear equations of the fitting symmetric planes E and F on the symmetric central plane O by using space plane projection; the projection linear equation is processed approximately to ensure that the two projection lines are parallel; solving the linear distance e of the two projections, wherein the linear distance e is infinitely similar to the deflection chord length due to small symmetrical error of the processed herringbone gear; the compensation of symmetry errors of the herringbone gear can be realized by utilizing the oblique cutter relieving motion function to realize the deviation of the machining cutter.
The midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the surfaces A and B are as follows:
in a similar way, the midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the C surface and the D surface are as follows:
solving a space fitting plane equation by using n point coordinates in space, respectively solving an A plane, a B plane, a C plane, a D plane symmetric center fitting plane E and an F equation, and setting the plane E and the F equation as follows:
z=a0x+a1y+a2(3)
z'=a'0x+a'1y+a'2(4)
and solving a point set fitting space plane in the connecting line of the measuring points by adopting a least square method, wherein the point set fitting space plane can be obtained by respectively solving:
the space fitting planes E and F are respectively intersected with the symmetrical central plane O, and the intersected linear equation is solved by using space analytic geometry; the approximation process ensures the parallelism of the two intersecting straight lines, and the coordinate distance of the two straight lines on the X axis of the XOY coordinate system is the symmetry error e of the tested herringbone gear.
The processing flow and the processing method are as follows:
the processing flow comprises the following steps: the herringbone gear is composed of left and right hand involute helical curved surfaces, and the intersection point of the left and right hand involute helical curved surfaces can form a plurality of planes. The plane symmetrical to the gear face is usually referred to as the herringbone gear center plane. Due to the structural limitation of the speed reducer and the requirement of normal meshing transmission of the herringbone gears, the herringbone gears must be placed well during assembly, the position error of the central plane of the herringbone gears must be controlled within the range allowed by the assembly adjustment amount, namely, the left-hand gear and the right-hand gear have good symmetry degree about the central plane and are generally required to be controlled within 0.05 mm. Based on the analysis and combined with the herringbone gear slotting machining process, a basic herringbone gear slotting machining process based on symmetric error compensation is provided, and the key point in the machining process is that an online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device is used, the device is controlled by a numerical control system to complete detection of the phases of the tooth groove symmetric centers of an upper right-handed gear and a lower left-handed gear, and the phase error amount is compensated in the slotting machining process.
The processing method comprises the following steps: the method for machining the herringbone gear by gear shaping is a quite mature machining method and has great advantages in the aspects of machining of the herringbone gear with the small empty cutter grooves and an internal gear. The traditional herringbone gear for gear shaping processing usually adopts two gear shaping machines to respectively complete the gear shaping processing of a left-handed gear and a right-handed gear, and the processing symmetry degree of the herringbone gear needs to be ensured by a manual marking mode. The herringbone gear shaping processing method adopting the traditional method is complex in process and poor in processing symmetry, and can only be controlled within 0.5mm generally. The method for processing the herringbone gear with high precision based on the online detection and compensation of the symmetry error is different from the traditional gear processing method, and the online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device is used, so that the detection method of the symmetry error compensation quantity controlled by a numerical control system program and the symmetry error compensation method are applied to the herringbone gear processing process. The basic principle of the method is as follows: after the processing of the helical gear on one side of the herringbone gear is finished, the helical gear on the other side is partially finished, meanwhile, the phase error amount of the helical gears on two sides is detected and recorded respectively through an online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device, the obtained phase error amount is input into a numerical control system to carry out phase error compensation, and finally, the gear shaping processing of the helical gear on the other side is completely finished, so that the processing symmetry degree of the herringbone gear is ensured
The invention can realize high positioning precision and automatic clamping of a standard positioning reference, and avoids the problems of repeated alignment and unstable clamping fixation.
An online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry degree detection device is designed, a basic method for realizing detection of symmetry degree error quantity of herringbone gears and effective control of the device by using the device is provided, and a numerical control program for automatically detecting the symmetry degree error quantity is developed on the basis. The online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device is a device for detecting the position of a tooth socket symmetrical central line of a herringbone gear by utilizing a two-way miniature electric sliding table control measuring head, and the device is controlled by a numerical control system program and realizes automatic detection of the phase error of the tooth socket symmetrical central line at the symmetrical positions of an upper gear and a lower gear. The online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device consists of a Marcoss T25 measuring head and two SMC electric sliding tables, and the electric sliding tables in the horizontal and vertical directions realize multi-degree-of-freedom movement of the Marcoss measuring head, so that gear detection at different height positions and different sizes can be realized.
The detection principle and the process are as follows: the numerical control program controls the electric sliding table to enable the measuring head to enter a left-handed gear tooth groove (a lower end gear) and controls a workpiece to rotate, when a tooth surface is in contact with the measuring head, a switching signal is generated to enable a program section to delete the residual memory, so that the execution of a workpiece rotation program is stopped, and after the centers of the tooth grooves of the upper gear and the lower gear are detected, the compensation and the correction of a processing initial angle are carried out according to the central deviation amount, so that the requirement of symmetry is met. According to the detection principle of the device, after the left tooth space position and the right tooth space position of one tooth space of the left-handed gear are detected, the position of the central symmetry line of the left-handed gear can be determined through calculation of detection data; the measuring head is moved to ensure that the measuring point position of the right-hand gear and the measuring point position of the left-hand gear are symmetrical (the error is controlled within 0.005 mm) about the central plane of the herringbone gear, and the symmetry ensuring means of the measuring points is as follows: the measuring of the height H is finished by utilizing a program to control the Marburg gauge head, after the phase position of the height H2 of the lower left-handed gear is finished, the phase position of the height H-H2 of the upper right-handed gear is directly measured, namely, the algebraic operation of the height position of the measuring point is carried out after the relevant dimension is measured by the Marburg gauge head in the whole process; therefore, the position detection of the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface of the right-handed gear corresponding to the tooth grooves is completed, the related data is recorded and calculated, and the degree of symmetry error can be determined by comparing and calculating the two groups of data.
The method for carrying out angle compensation on a rotating shaft and translation compensation on an oblique cutter back-off by adopting the numerical control gear shaper servo control and combining the numerical control system program control to set the angle processing mode realizes the batch processing of the herringbone gears with high symmetry;
the online multi-degree-of-freedom symmetry degree detection device is verified to have better reliability by combining with a herringbone gear machining example, and the herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry degree detection and compensation can stably control the machining symmetry degree within 0.02mm, so that the reasonability and the accuracy of the method are verified, and a new way is provided for machining the high-symmetry herringbone gear.
Claims (1)
1. A herringbone gear slotting machining method based on symmetry error online detection and compensation is characterized in that central symmetry planes of left and right hand gears of a herringbone gear are positioned as a symmetry center plane O, position measurement of A, B planes and C, D planes is respectively completed through contact type measuring heads, and position coordinates of midpoints of measuring point connecting lines of heights corresponding to A1-An and B1-Bn, C1-Cn and D1-Dn are respectively Ai (X is the position coordinate of a central point of a measuring point connecting line of a herringbone gear, a central point of a herringbone gear and a central point of a right hand gear are respectively positioned as a symmetry center plane O, andAi,YAi,ZAi)、Bi(XBi,YBi,ZBi)、Ci(XCi,YCi,ZCi) And Di (X)Di,YDi,ZDi) Where i ∈ [1, n ]](ii) a Respectively solving by using the plane to fit n central points to obtain a surface-fitting symmetric plane A, a surface-fitting symmetric plane B, a surface-fitting symmetric plane E and a surface-fitting symmetric plane C, and a surface-fitting symmetric plane D; respectively solving the projection of the fitting symmetric planes E and F on the symmetric central plane O by using space plane projectionA shadow linear equation; the projection linear equation is processed approximately to ensure that the two projection lines are parallel; solving the linear distance e of the two projections, wherein the linear distance e is infinitely similar to the deflection chord length due to small symmetrical error of the processed herringbone gear; the compensation of symmetry errors of the herringbone gear can be realized by utilizing the oblique cutter relieving motion function to realize the deviation of the machining cutter; the midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the surfaces A and B are as follows:
in a similar way, the midpoint point sets of the connecting lines of the equal-height corresponding measuring points of the C surface and the D surface are as follows:
solving a space fitting plane equation by using n point coordinates in space, respectively solving an A plane, a B plane, a C plane, a D plane symmetric center fitting plane E and an F equation, and setting the plane E and the F equation as follows:
z=a0x+a1y+a2(3)
z'=a'0x+a1'y+a'2(4)
and solving a point set fitting space plane in the connecting line of the measuring points by adopting a least square method, wherein the point set fitting space plane can be obtained by respectively solving:
the space fitting planes E and F are respectively intersected with the symmetrical central plane O, and the intersected linear equation is solved by using space analytic geometry; the approximation process ensures the parallelism of the two intersecting straight lines, and the coordinate distance of the two straight lines on the X axis of the XOY coordinate system is the symmetry error e of the tested herringbone gear.
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CN109185432B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-06-04 | 济南大学 | Method for converting support deformation of herringbone gear into installation error |
CN109366448B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-08-13 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | Tooth alignment marking mechanism and method |
CN110045682B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-08-18 | 清华大学 | Five-axis machining cutter deformation error off-line compensation method based on least square method |
CN110568816B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-10-09 | 重庆大学 | Hobbing tooth surface error compensation method and system based on equivalent transmission chain error calculation |
CN111331201B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-04-30 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Multifunctional cutting tooth machining device and operation method thereof |
CN111879277B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-09-03 | 西安工业大学 | Double-spiral gear symmetry measuring method based on CNC gear measuring center |
CN112338292A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-09 | 湖南南方宇航高精传动有限公司 | Narrow clearance groove herringbone tooth cutting machining method |
CN112475475A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 南京工业大学 | Method for online measurement and correction of alignment degree of herringbone gear |
CN114211058A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-22 | 一重集团天津重工有限公司 | Method for machining herringbone gear of mechanical press on numerical control boring machine |
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TW582317U (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2004-04-01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gear shaper cutting apparatus |
CN100431761C (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2008-11-12 | 中国第一重型机械集团公司 | Double herringbone gear in-phase processing method |
CN102937173B (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2015-04-29 | 无锡威孚中意齿轮有限责任公司 | Production method for herringbone gear shaft |
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