CN108546039A - 耐火饰面砂浆复合层 - Google Patents
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00508—Cement paints
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- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐火饰面砂浆复合层,包括找平层、面层、涂层,找平层主要由低温煅烧石墨、硅酸盐水泥、石英砂、胶粉、保水剂组成,面层主要由富铝酸盐水泥复合胶凝材料系统(HAC‑OPC‑CS)为基础配制,涂层主要由硅丙乳液和纳米杂化树脂组成。本发明通过找平层、面层和涂层的多层次复合耐火机制达到整体较好的耐火性能。由本发明获得的砂浆复合层,与墙体基面具有良好的粘结力,由于无机材料占据组成的绝大部分,特别适合别墅、洋房等建筑外墙的装饰设计。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及墙体保温材料领域,特别涉及一种耐火饰面砂浆复合层。
背景技术
目前,市面上常用的外墙装饰材料大致分为三大体系:瓷砖体系、涂料体系、饰面砂浆体系。三大体系各有优缺点,瓷砖体系受制于瓷砖本身的性质(自重、尺寸、吸水率、透气率等),较易出现粘结失效而造成空鼓甚至脱落,不太适合在保温系统之上进行粘贴;涂料体系的粘结强度主要来源于有机材料的范德华力,起皮、脱落时有发生,而透气性不佳导致涂料产品的鼓泡现象屡屡出现,有机颜料在紫外线照射下发生黄变也会使得涂料产品的保色周期较短(5-10年);相比瓷砖体系和涂料体系,饰面砂浆体系在粘结安全性、透气性、颜色保持性等性能方面无疑更具优势,而以无机材料为主的材料组成特点更使得饰面砂浆完全可以达到与建筑同寿命。虽然饰面砂浆不可避免的会遇到泛碱问题,但通过采用复合胶凝材料体系(如硅酸盐水泥-铝酸盐水泥-硬石膏体系),优化粉体材料的颗粒级配,设置多层次的抗泛碱设计,结合科学的施工,完全可以有效的抑制饰面砂浆的泛碱。而作为外墙保温装饰系统的最外层,饰面砂浆的防火性能直接影响到整个系统的安全性。
目前,我国现有的外墙保温材料多为EPS板(模塑聚苯板),其具有自重轻、体积稳定性好、保温性能优越、易粘结等诸多优点,但EPS板的耐火等级较低,一旦遇到高温,极易燃烧,对建筑物里的居民和财产安全造成严重威胁。因此有必要针对外墙保温装饰系统的饰面砂浆进行包括耐火性能在内的性能优化。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种粘结性好、抗裂性好、呼吸性好、无可见泛碱的耐火饰面砂浆复合层。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种耐火饰面砂浆复合层,包括找平层、面层、涂层,所述找平层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
所述面层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
所述涂层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
硅丙乳液 5~10%;
纳米杂化树脂 10~15%;
清水 75~85%;
以每平米重量计,找平层为2-3kg/m2,面层为3-5kg/m2,涂层为0.2-0.3kg/m2。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述面层中按质量百分比计,包括:粒径为0.07~0.15mm石英砂15~25%、粒径为0.15~0.36mm石英砂10~15%、粒径为0.36~0.56mm石英砂15~25%。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述找平层中硅酸盐水泥为52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥,石墨为低温(300-400℃)煅烧石墨,石英砂粒径为0.07~0.15mm。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚,粘度为7000mPa·s。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述胶粉为柔性憎水性可再分散乳胶粉,聚合物基础为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述憎水剂为有机盐类粉末状防水剂。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述纳米材料为层状粘土矿物。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案为:所述颜料为氧化铁粉状颜料。
本发明的有益效果:
找平层按照质量百分比记主要由白色硅酸盐水泥10~20%;低温煅烧石墨20~30%;石英砂35~65%;胶粉5~10%;保水剂0.2~0.3%组成。通过硅酸盐水泥的胶凝作用使得石墨颗粒之间形成有效粘结,胶粉通过成膜作用进一步提升了粘结强度,同时增加了柔韧性,使得抗裂性明显提高,胶粉在孔隙和界面区域的成膜使得硬化体结构密实性和界面密实性得以加强、憎水性成分的引入也使得找平层的憎水和抗碱性增强。在找平层中掺加石墨,主要目的在于利用石墨的高耐火性,由于无处理石墨的润湿性较低,不利于相互粘结,因此,进行了低温煅烧处理,使得其表面润湿性提高,另外,石墨的颜色特点也使得找平层无需另外掺加颜料。
面层按照质量百分比记主要由保水剂0.2~0.3%、憎水剂0.5~1%、减水剂0.05~0.10%、早强剂0.05~0.10%、引气剂0.05~0.10%及以下成分组成:白色硅酸盐水泥5~10%;铝酸盐水泥10~20%;硬石膏5~10%;石英砂45~55%;白云母5~10%;胶粉5~10%;纳米材料2~5%;颜料0~5%组成。采用以铝酸盐水泥为主,硅酸盐水泥和石膏为辅的三元胶凝体系,这是因为该体系的抑制泛碱的效果较好:三元体系水化时钙矾石快速形成,避免了水分过分挥发,结构密实、吸水量低,通过三种胶凝材料比例的控制,最大程度减少水化产物中的Ca(OH)2含量,此外,相比硅酸盐水泥,铝酸盐水泥的耐火性更好,也符合本发明的耐火性设计目的。通过合理的颗粒级配设计,结合三元体系的水化产物排布和胶粉的成膜,大幅降低硬化体结构的较大孔径的孔隙比例、隔断孔隙连通性,维持合适比例的、非连通、分布均匀的较小孔径的孔隙,使得较大的液态水分子无法透过,而允许较小的水蒸气分子自由进出硬化体结构,从而赋予了面层较好的呼吸性。在材料组成中添加了部分白云母,这是因为白云母的耐火性能较为优越,有利于提升面层材料的耐火等级。
涂层按照质量百分比主要由硅丙乳液5~10%;纳米杂化树脂10~15%;清水75~85%组成。本发明所采用的硅丙乳液由含有不饱和键的有机硅单体与丙烯酸类单体加入合适的助剂,通过核壳包覆工艺聚合而成,结合了有机硅耐高温性、透气性、耐候性、耐化学品性,疏水、表面能低不易污染性和丙烯酸类树脂的高保色性、柔韧性、附着性。本发明所采用的纳米杂化树脂添加了耐高温的纳米级的二氧化硅颗粒,可以很好的抵御高温的破坏性侵袭。同时,矿物质颗粒还可以赋予涂层很好的亲水性能,水份可以吸附在涂层表面,并形成水滴立即分散开去。这样一来,对于涂层的易清洁性能就有着双重的功效,首先,在降雨的天气状况下,涂层之上的污浊物质可以随水滴一起流走,或者说被雨水冲刷掉;其次,水份会在涂层表面形成一层薄薄的水层,当下雨天气结束之后,水层会均匀的分散在墙体上,不会出现一块一块的雨水冲刷的斑迹。此外,该纳米杂化树脂对于太阳光中的紫外线辐射也有着令人满意的抵御能力。通过以合适的比例复配硅丙乳液和纳米杂化树脂,并通过清水稀释到一定比例,所获得的涂层具有良好的憎水性、呼吸性和耐高温性,并具有出色的自洁净特点,可以为整个外墙保温装饰系统提供可靠的耐候性和耐高温性屏障,相比目前市场上的外墙保温装饰系统,安全性得到较大的提升。
附图说明
图1:耐火饰面砂浆复合层横截面图。
图中:1-找平层;2-面层;3-涂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种耐火饰面砂浆复合层,包括找平层1、面层2、涂层3;
所述找平层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:白色硅酸盐水泥10~20%;低温煅烧石墨20~30%;石英砂35~65%;胶粉5~10%;保水剂0.2~0.3%;
所述面层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:0.2~0.3%、憎水剂0.5~1%、减水剂0.05~0.10%、早强剂0.05~0.10%、引气剂0.05~0.10%、白色硅酸盐水泥5~10%;铝酸盐水泥10~20%;硬石膏5~10%;石英砂45~55%;白云母5~10%;胶粉5~10%;纳米材料2~5%;颜料0~5%。
所述的涂层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:硅丙乳液5~10%;纳米杂化树脂10~15%;清水75~85%组成。
以每平米重量计,找平层为2-3kg/m2,面层为3-5kg/m2,涂层为0.2-0.3kg/m2。
面层中按质量百分比计,包括:粒径为0.07~0.15mm石英砂15~25%、粒径为0.15~0.36mm石英砂10~15%、粒径为0.36~0.56mm石英砂15~25%。
找平层中硅酸盐水泥为52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥,石墨为低温(300-400℃)煅烧石墨,石英砂粒径为0.07~0.15mm。
保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚,粘度为7000mPa·s。
胶粉为柔性憎水性可再分散乳胶粉,聚合物基础为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚。
憎水剂为有机盐类粉末状防水剂。
所述纳米材料为层状粘土矿物,以下实施例采用高岭土,也可以采用其它层状黏土矿物。
减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
颜料为氧化铁粉状颜料。
下面是本发明提供的具体实施例:
实施例1
表1:本实施例1提供找平层砂浆配方表:
序号 | 原料名称 | 重量占比(%) |
1 | 52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥 | 16 |
2 | 低温煅烧石墨 | 25 |
3 | 0.07~0.15mm石英砂 | 50 |
4 | 胶粉 | 8.8 |
5 | 保水剂 | 0.2 |
7 | 总计 | 100 |
表2:本实施例1提供面层砂浆配方表
表3:本实施例1提供涂层配方表
实施例2
表4:本实施例2提供找平层砂浆配方表:
序号 | 原料名称 | 重量占比(%) |
1 | 52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥 | 10 |
2 | 低温煅烧石墨 | 20 |
3 | 0.07~0.15mm石英砂 | 64.8 |
4 | 胶粉 | 5 |
5 | 保水剂 | 0.2 |
7 | 总计 | 100 |
表5:本实施例2提供面层砂浆配方表
表6:本实施例2提供涂层配方表
实施例3
表7:本实施例3提供找平层砂浆配方表:
序号 | 原料名称 | 重量占比(%) |
1 | 52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥 | 20 |
2 | 低温煅烧石墨 | 30 |
3 | 0.07~0.15mm石英砂 | 39.7 |
4 | 胶粉 | 10 |
5 | 保水剂 | 0.3 |
7 | 总计 | 100 |
表8:本实施例3提供面层砂浆配方表
表9:本实施例3提供涂层配方表
上述按照上述配方制造的仿砖型耐火饰面砂浆复合层,制造步骤如下:
1)清除基层墙体上的浮灰和疏松部分
2)将22份清水加入搅拌桶中,然后再将表1中的100份原料倒入清水中;
3)用电动搅拌枪充分搅拌成无结块、均匀膏糊状;
4)待浆体静置3-4分钟后再搅拌1-2分钟,得到找平层砂浆;
5)用刷子将找平层砂浆涂刷于墙体;
6)将23份清水加入搅拌桶中,再将表2中的100份原料倒入清水中;
7)用电动搅拌枪充分搅拌成无结块、均匀膏糊状;
8)待浆体静置3-4分钟后再搅拌1-2分钟,得到面层砂浆;
9)待找平层砂浆干燥并起强度后,按照设计尺寸要求通过粘贴美纹纸画出分格缝;
10)用镘刀将面层砂浆均匀的批刮在找平层砂浆之上;
11)面层砂浆刮涂完毕后,待砂浆达到表干时(以手指轻轻按压砂浆表面,手指仍然有湿润感,但是砂浆却不会沾到手上),将美纹纸撕去形成仿砖造型;
12)待面层砂浆彻底干透后,
13)将硅丙乳液、纳米杂化树脂和清水混合倒入搅拌桶,搅拌,得到涂层液体;
14)将涂层液体涂刷于面层砂浆之上,为保证整个表面涂刷无遗漏,建议至少涂刷两次。
根据相关标准对实施例的物理力学性能进行测试,结果如下表所示:
表4:本实施例的物理力学性能测试结果表
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
1 | 抗折/MPa | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
2 | 抗压/MPa | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.4 |
3 | 粘结强度/MPa | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
4 | 吸水量/g | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
5 | 吸水量/g | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
6 | 抗返碱性 | 无可见返碱 | 无可见返碱 | 无可见返碱 |
7 | 初期干燥抗裂性 | 无裂纹 | 无裂纹 | 无裂纹 |
8 | 耐火度 | 1167℃ | 1195℃ | 1208℃ |
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐火饰面砂浆复合层,包括找平层、面层、涂层,其特征在于:所述找平层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
所述面层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
所述涂层按照质量百分比计,包括以下成分:
硅丙乳液 5~10%;
纳米杂化树脂 10~15%;
清水 75~85%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:以每平米重量计,所述的找平层为2-3kg/m2,所述的面层为3-5kg/m2,所述的涂层为0.2-0.3kg/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述面层中按质量百分比计,包括:粒径为0.07~0.15mm石英砂15~25%、粒径为0.15~0.36mm石英砂10~15%、粒径为0.36~0.56mm石英砂15~25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述找平层中硅酸盐水泥为52.5级白色硅酸盐水泥,石墨为低温(300-400℃)煅烧石墨,石英砂粒径为0.07~0.15mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述胶粉为柔性憎水性可再分散乳胶粉,聚合物基础为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述憎水剂为有机盐类粉末状防水剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述纳米材料为层状粘土矿物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的耐火饰面砂浆复合层,其特征在于:所述颜料为氧化铁粉状颜料。
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