CN108531756A - A kind of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement - Google Patents
A kind of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108531756A CN108531756A CN201810339896.4A CN201810339896A CN108531756A CN 108531756 A CN108531756 A CN 108531756A CN 201810339896 A CN201810339896 A CN 201810339896A CN 108531756 A CN108531756 A CN 108531756A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production technologies improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement, (1) smelting furnace inside is cleared up, it prevents from entering impurity inside smelting furnace, smelting furnace is carried out to be preheated to 150 DEG C, a length of 20min when preheating, brass is positioned in smelting furnace and carries out melting, wherein impurity is filtered；(4) the brass solution after stirring is subjected to moulding by casting, and Huang is cooled down with liquid using water-cooling pattern at the time of molding, make its fast cooling shaping；(5) copper billet is sent into milling train after being molded, and band is squeezed by roll mill；(6) it will be rolled into be placed into stove with rear brass and carry out finished products, it is cold that secondary water is carried out after annealing.Advantageous effect is：The brass material tensile strength of the technique productions, elongation significantly improve, and crystal grain substantially refines, and Vickers hardness is slightly lower, and material property is extremely stable and uniform, advantageously reduce component corrosion cracking probability after punching press.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grain refinement technology fields, more particularly to a kind of raising brass material tensile strength and crystal grain
The production technology of refinement.
Background technology
The alloy that brass is made of copper and zinc, the brass being made of copper, zinc are just called basis brass, if it is by
A variety of alloys of two kinds or more of element composition are known as special brass.Brass has stronger wear-resisting property, brass to be commonly used for
Manufacture valve, water pipe, air-conditioning connection pipe for internal-external unit and radiator etc..Ideal ingot structure is that have in ingot casting whole cross section
Uniformly, tiny equiax crystal, this is because isometric anisotropic crystalline is small, when processing deformation uniformly, have excellent performance, plasticity it is good, profit
In casting and subsequent plastic processing.Obtain this tissue, it usually needs micronization processes are carried out to melt.It is every to promote
Forming core, the processing for inhibiting crystal grain to grow up, can crystal grain thinning.China is to this semihard class state material of brass at present, typically
It is realized using rolling, i.e. " pre- finish rolling-annealing-cleaning-finish rolling-cleaning-finished product ", the material of this kind of technique productions can not
The deficiencies of there are crystal grain larger, remaining rolling stress, property anisotropy avoided.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is that provides a kind of raising brass material tensile strength and crystalline substance to solve the above-mentioned problems
The production technology of grain refinement.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
A kind of preparation method for the production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement, specific refinement side
Method includes following steps：
(1), smelting furnace inside is cleared up, prevents from entering impurity inside smelting furnace, smelting furnace is preheated to
150 DEG C, when preheating a length of 20min, brass surfaces are subjected to grinding process, after rinsing well, make dry tack free, are positioned over molten
Melting is carried out in furnace, and wherein impurity is filtered；
(2), La elements are weighed, configures rare-earth elements La, configuration adds after completing into the brass solution after melting
Enter a certain amount of rare-earth elements La；
(3), it in the smelting furnace external connection pulse power, generates pulsed magnetic field and oscillation stirring is carried out to solution, to pulse electricity
Source frequency carries out orthogonal experiment, determines optimum pulse frequency, when stirring a length of 30min；
(4), the brass solution after the completion of stirring oscillation carries out moulding by casting, and uses water-cooling pattern pair at the time of molding
Huang is cooled down with liquid, makes its fast cooling shaping；
(5), copper billet is sent into milling train after being molded, and band is squeezed by roll mill；
(6), it will be rolled into be placed into stove with rear brass and carry out finished products, it is cold that secondary water is carried out after annealing.
Further, step (1) smelting furnace uses electrical heating, and wherein heating power supply is GPA-40A type high-frequency inductions
Heating power supply, power regulating range 0-500A.
Further, the mass fraction that rare-earth elements La is added in the step (2) is 0.06%, is preparing rare earth member
It is polished using 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200# sand paper its surface when plain La, wine is used after polishing
Essence is impregnated, and is air-dried using hair-dryer when taking.
Further, pulse supply voltage is adjustable within the scope of 0-700V in the step (3), and frequency is in 0-20Hz
Adjustable, orthogonal experiment is taken each frequency range such as 100V10HZ, 400V15HZ, 700V20HZ and is tested respectively, and takes best mixed
Close parameter.
Further, brass is quickly cooled down using water-cooling method in the step (4), cooling rate 103-
106K/s, degree of supercooling is big, and the solidification of alloy is made greatly to deviate balance, expands solid solubility of the alloying element in copper, improves
Second phase content in Copper substrate after ageing treatment, and make the further disperse of precipitated phase, texture more refines, significantly subtracts
Few segregation.
Further, the cold-rolling mill used in the step (5) for four-roller copper strips in milling train, in the operation of rolling, each layer is golden
Category be plastically deformed, along with the refinement of crystal grain, simultaneously as between metal performance difference, make at combination interface exist by force
Strong shear stress can promote the segmentation of big crystal grain, accelerate the refinement of crystal grain.It, can if increasing the quantity of metal interface
It is enough to introduce more additional shear effects in interface, make metallic plate crystal grain that apparent refinement occur, accelerates plastic deformation to crystal grain
Refining effect.
Further, the annealing furnace used when the step (6) anneals to brass finished product moves back for common bell-type furnace
Fiery temperature is 540-600 DEG C, and the cooling rate of secondary water cooling is 103-106K/s.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The brass material tensile strength of the technique productions, elongation significantly improve, brilliant
Grain substantially refines, and Vickers hardness is slightly lower, and material property is extremely stable and uniform, and component corrosion cracks after advantageously reducing punching press
Probability.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below：
A kind of preparation method for the production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement, specific refinement side
Method includes following steps：
(1), smelting furnace inside is cleared up, prevents from entering impurity inside smelting furnace, smelting furnace is preheated to
150 DEG C, when preheating a length of 20min, brass surfaces are subjected to grinding process, after rinsing well, make dry tack free, are positioned over molten
Melting is carried out in furnace, and wherein impurity is filtered；
(2), La elements are weighed, configures rare-earth elements La, configuration adds after completing into the brass solution after melting
Enter a certain amount of rare-earth elements La；
(3), it in the smelting furnace external connection pulse power, generates pulsed magnetic field and oscillation stirring is carried out to solution, to pulse electricity
Source frequency carries out orthogonal experiment, determines optimum pulse frequency, when stirring a length of 30min；
(4), the brass solution after the completion of stirring oscillation carries out moulding by casting, and uses water-cooling pattern pair at the time of molding
Huang is cooled down with liquid, makes its fast cooling shaping；
(5), copper billet is sent into milling train after being molded, and band is squeezed by roll mill；
(6), it will be rolled into be placed into stove with rear brass and carry out finished products, it is cold that secondary water is carried out after annealing.
In the present embodiment, step (1) smelting furnace uses electrical heating, and wherein heating power supply is GPA-40A type high frequency senses
Answer heating power supply, power regulating range 0-500A.
In the present embodiment, the mass fraction that rare-earth elements La is added in the step (2) is 0.06%, is preparing rare earth
It is polished using 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200# sand paper its surface when element La, is used after polishing
Alcohol impregnates, and is air-dried using hair-dryer when taking.
In the present embodiment, pulse supply voltage is adjustable within the scope of 0-700V in the step (3), and frequency is in 0-20Hz
Interior adjustable, orthogonal experiment is taken each frequency range such as 100V10HZ, 400V15HZ, 700V20HZ and is tested respectively, and takes best
Hybrid parameter.Brass is the alloy of copper and zinc.The mechanical performance of brass is with the curve that zinc content is different and changes.For α Huangs
Copper, with increasing for zinc content, σ b and δ constantly increase.For (alpha+beta) brass, when zinc content increase to about 45% it
Before, room temperature intensity is continuously improved.If further increasing zinc content, due to occurring the r phases of brittleness bigger in alloy structure
(using Cu5Zn8 compounds as the solid solution of base), intensity drastically reduces.The temperature-room type plasticity of (alpha+beta) brass is then always with zinc content
Increase and reduce, the brass of different performance can be obtained by changing the content of zinc in brass.The content of zinc in brass is higher,
Intensity is also higher, and plasticity reduces.The brass zinc content used in industry is no more than 45%, and zinc content is high again will to will produce brittleness,
Alloy property is set to be deteriorated.In order to improve the performance of brass, other alloying elements are commonly incorporated into, such as silicon, aluminium, tin, lead, manganese, iron and nickel
Deng.In brass plus aluminium can improve the intensity and corrosion resistance of brass, and the brass containing aluminium less than 4% has good processing, casting
The comprehensive performances such as make.Add 1% tin that can significantly improve the resistant to sea water of brass and the ability of sea atmosphere corrosion in brass, because
This is referred to as " admirality brass ", and tin can also improve the machinability of brass.The main purpose of brass leading is to improve to cut
It cuts processing performance and improves wearability, lead is little to the intensity effect of brass.Manganese brass has good mechanical performance, heat steady
Qualitative and corrosion resistance adds aluminium in manganese brass, can also obtain the casting of any surface finish.Basis brass is that copper zinc binary is closed
Gold, α phases are the solid solution that zinc is dissolved in copper, the decline of solubility with temperature and increase.α phases have face-centered cubic lattice, modeling
Property is good, is adapted for hot and cold processing, and have excellent casting, welding and tin plating ability.β ' is mutually
The ordered solid solution of base has body-centered cubic lattic, performance hard and crisp.The zinc content of brass has its mechanical performance prodigious
It influences.When Zn≤30%~32%, with the increase of zinc content, intensity and elongation percentage all increase, and work as Zn>After 32%, because
Occur β ' phases in tissue, plasticity is begun to decline, and intensity reaches maximum value near Zn=45%.When higher containing Zn, brass
All β ' phases, intensity is organized drastically to decline with plasticity.Basis brass is divided into alpha brass and two-phase brass two types, from
From the point of view of deformation behaviour, alpha brass is suitable for being cold worked, and two-phase brass can only hot-working.The common alpha brass trade mark has
H80, H70, H68 etc., " H " are the Chinese phonetic alphabet prefix of brass, and digital representation is averaged copper content.They are organized as α, plasticity
Very well, hot and cold pressure processing can be carried out, is suitable for making cold rolled sheet, cold pull wire, tubing and complex-shaped deep-draw part.
And the trade mark of common two-phase brass has H62, H59 etc., annealed condition to be organized as alpha+beta '.Due to room temperature β ' mutually very crisp, cold deformations
Poor performance, and high temperature β phases plasticity is good, therefore they can carry out thermal processing distortion.Usual two-phase brass is rolled into bar, plate
Material, then the machined various parts of manufacture.In order to obtain higher intensity, corrosion stability and good casting character, closed in copper zinc
The elements such as aluminium, iron, silicon, manganese, nickel are added in gold, form various special brass.The method for numbering serial of special brass is：" the main Canadian dollars of H+
Plain symbol+copper content+main Canadian dollar cellulose content ".Special brass can be divided into pressure processing brass (with brass converted products supply) and
Two class of casting brass, wherein casting brass add " Z " before number.Such as：HPb60-1 indicate average assay be 60%Cu, 1%
Pb, the remaining ledrite for Zn；ZCuZn31Al2 indicates that average assay is 31%Zn, 2%Al, the remaining aldubra for Cu.Tin is yellow
Copper：Tin is remarkably improved corrosion stability of the brass in marine atmosphere and seawater, also the intensity of brass can be made to increase.Pressure
Processing one-ton brass is widely used in manufacturing seagoing vessel part.Ledrite：Lead can improve machinability, and can improve wearability.
Lead is little to the intensity effect of brass, slightly reduces plasticity.Pressure processing ledrite, which is mainly used for requirement, good machining
Performance and wear-resisting part (such as clock and watch part), casting lead brass can make bearing shell and bushing.Aldubra：Aluminium can improve Huang
The intensity and hardness of copper, but plasticity is made to reduce.Aluminium can make brass surfaces form protective oxidation film, thus improve brass and exist
Corrosion stability in air.Ledrite can make the anti-corrosion part of seagoing vessel part and other machines.It is added in ledrite suitable
After nickel, manganese, iron, can be obtained high intensity, high corrosion-resistant special brass, be usually used in making large-scale worm screw, extra large marine propeller etc.
Need high intensity, high corrosion-resistant important part.For corrosion resistance, intensity, hardness and the machinability etc. for improving brass, in copper-
Be added in kirsite a small amount of (generally 1%~2%, minority is extremely a other up to 5%~6% up to 3%~4%) tin, aluminium, manganese,
Iron, silicon, nickel, lead and other elements constitute ternary, quaternary, even quinary alloy, silizin：Silicon can significantly improve the mechanicalness of brass
Energy, wearability and corrosion resistance.Silizin has good casting character, and can carry out welding and machining.It is mainly used for
Manufacture ship and chemical machinery part.Manganese brass：Manganese can improve the intensity of brass, not reduce plasticity, can also improve in the seawater
And the corrosion stability in superheated steam.Manganese brass is usually used in manufacturing the wear parts such as seagoing vessel part and bearing.Iron brass：In brass
Iron is added, while a small amount of manganese is added, can play the role of improving brass recrystallization temperature and crystal grain thinning, make mechanical performance
It improves, while making brass that there is high toughness, wearability and excellent corrosion stability in air and seawater, thus iron brass can
For manufacture rubbed and by seawater corrosion part.Nickel brass：Nickel can be improved the recrystallization temperature of brass and refine its crystalline substance
Grain improves mechanical performance and corrosion stability, reduces stress corrosion cracking tendency.The hot-working character of nickel brass is good, in shipbuilding work
Extensive use in industry, manufacturing industry for electrical machine, α alpha brasses (from H96 to H65) have good plasticity, can bear cold and hot add
Work, but α alpha brasses easily occur medium temperature brittleness in hot-working such as forgings, and actual temp range is different with amount containing Zn and has
Changed, generally between 200~700 DEG C.Therefore, temperature should be higher than that 700 DEG C when hot-working.Single-phase alpha brass medium temperature brittle zone
Producing reason mainly in Cu-Zn alloy systems alpha phase zone there is two orderly compounds of Cu3Zn and Cu9Zn, it is low in
Ordering transition occurs when temperature heating, alloy is made to become fragile；In addition, in alloy there are micro lead, bismuth objectionable impurities and copper formed it is low
Melting eutectic film is distributed on crystal boundary, and when hot-working generates intercrystalline failure.It can be effective practice have shown that micro cerium is added
Eliminate medium temperature brittleness in ground.Alpha-beta brass (from H63 to H59) also occurs in alloy structure other than with the good α phases of plasticity
By the β solid solution that electron compound CuZn is base.β phases have very high plasticity at high temperature, and the β ' phases under low temperature (have
Sequence solid solution) property is firmly crisp.Therefore (alpha+beta) brass should be forged under hot.Zinc content is more than 46%~50% beta brass
Because performance is firmly crisp, pressure processing cannot be carried out.
In the present embodiment, brass is quickly cooled down using water-cooling method in the step (4), cooling rate is
103-106K/s, degree of supercooling is big, and the solidification of alloy is made greatly to deviate balance, expands solid solubility of the alloying element in copper,
The second phase content in Copper substrate is improved after ageing treatment, and makes the further disperse of precipitated phase, texture more refines, and shows
It writes and reduces segregation.
The cold-rolling mill used in the present embodiment, in the step (5) for four-roller copper strips in milling train, in the operation of rolling, each layer
Metal is plastically deformed, along with the refinement of crystal grain, simultaneously as between metal performance difference, make at combination interface exist
Strong shear stress can promote the segmentation of big crystal grain, accelerate the refinement of crystal grain.If increasing the quantity of metal interface,
More additional shear effects can be introduced in interface, make metallic plate crystal grain that apparent refinement occur, accelerate plastic deformation to crystalline substance
The refining effect of grain.
In the present embodiment, the annealing furnace that the step (6) uses when annealing to brass finished product for common bell-type furnace,
Annealing temperature is 540-600 DEG C, and the cooling rate of secondary water cooling is 103-106K/s.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe the originals of the present invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these change and change
Into all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appending claims and equivalents
It defines.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement, it is characterised in that：Specific thinning method
Including following steps：
(1), smelting furnace inside is cleared up, prevents from entering impurity inside smelting furnace, smelting furnace is carried out to be preheated to 150 DEG C,
Brass surfaces are carried out grinding process, after rinsing well, make dry tack free by a length of 20min when preheating, be positioned in smelting furnace into
Row melting is filtered wherein impurity；
(2), La elements are weighed, configures rare-earth elements La, configuration is added one after completing into the brass solution after melting
Quantitative rare-earth elements La；
(3), it in the smelting furnace external connection pulse power, generates pulsed magnetic field and oscillation stirring is carried out to solution, to pulse power frequency
Rate carries out orthogonal experiment, determines optimum pulse frequency, when stirring a length of 30min；
(4), the brass solution after the completion of stirring oscillation carries out moulding by casting, and uses water-cooling pattern to yellow same liquid at the time of molding
It is cooled down, makes its fast cooling shaping；
(5), copper billet is sent into milling train after being molded, and band is squeezed by roll mill；
(6), it will be rolled into be placed into stove with rear brass and carry out finished products, it is cold that secondary water is carried out after annealing.
2. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Step (1) smelting furnace uses electrical heating, and wherein heating power supply is GPA-40A type high-frequency induction heatings
Power supply, power regulating range 0-500A.
3. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The mass fraction that rare-earth elements La is added in the step (2) is 0.06%, is preparing rare-earth elements La
When polished using 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200# sand paper its surface, polishing after using alcohol soak
Bubble, is air-dried when taking using hair-dryer.
4. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Pulse supply voltage is adjustable within the scope of 0-700V in the step (3), and frequency is adjustable in 0-20Hz,
Orthogonal experiment is taken each frequency range such as 100V10HZ, 400V15HZ, 700V20HZ and is tested respectively, and takes best mixing ginseng
Number.
5. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Brass is quickly cooled down using water-cooling method in the step (4), cooling rate 103-106K/
S, degree of supercooling is big, and the solidification of alloy is made greatly to deviate balance, expands solid solubility of the alloying element in copper, improves timeliness
Second phase content in Copper substrate after processing, and make the further disperse of precipitated phase, texture more refines, and substantially reduces segregation.
6. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The cold-rolling mill used in the step (5) for four-roller copper strips in milling train, in the operation of rolling, each layer metal is sent out
Raw plastic deformation, along with the refinement of crystal grain, simultaneously as between metal performance difference, make to exist at combination interface strong
Shear stress can promote the segmentation of big crystal grain, accelerate the refinement of crystal grain.It, can be if increasing the quantity of metal interface
Interface introduces more additional shear effects, makes metallic plate crystal grain that apparent refinement occur, accelerates plastic deformation to the thin of crystal grain
Change acts on.
7. a kind of preparation side of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The annealing furnace that the step (6) uses when annealing to brass finished product is common bell-type furnace, annealing temperature
Degree is 540-600 DEG C, and the cooling rate of secondary water cooling is 103-106K/s.
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| CN201810339896.4A CN108531756A (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | A kind of production technology improving brass material tensile strength and crystal grain refinement |
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ID=63480919
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| CN112048636A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-08 | 瑞安市五星铜业有限公司 | Method for improving tensile strength and grain refinement of brass strip material |
| CN114892040A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-12 | 浙江大学 | Design method and preparation method of high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy |
| CN115927888A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-04-07 | 安阳工学院 | Method for improving silicon brass hardness through electric pulse treatment |
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| CN115927888A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-04-07 | 安阳工学院 | Method for improving silicon brass hardness through electric pulse treatment |
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