CN108484727B - 一种寡肽及其衍生物和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种寡肽及其衍生物和应用,属于生物医药技术领域。本发明寡肽序列包含结构域X‑Y‑Leu‑Arg‑Ala,其衍生物的结构通式为C17H35CO‑X‑Y‑Leu‑Arg‑Ala,其中,X为带正电荷的氨基酸(比如Lys、His、Arg等);Y为疏水性或带正电荷的氨基酸(比如Pro、Lys、Leu等),本发明筛选筛选的这类多肽氨基酸数目均小于7个,实验结果显示,该类多肽能显著抑制抗流感病毒的增殖,提示其在抗流感病毒治疗中具有重要的开发和应用价值,因此可用于制备抗流感药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种寡肽及其衍生物和应用。
背景技术
流感作为严重危害人类健康的急性呼吸道传染病,每年在全球造成约5亿人患病,其中25-50万人死亡,每年在我国的发病率约为10%-30%。更令人担忧的是,近年来人感染高致病性、高致死率的流感病毒H5N1和H1N1亚型的数量不断增多,且死亡率相当高。流感病毒肆虐的主要原因之一就是其抗原的变异能力强,这使得疫苗的免疫保护作用有限,况且疫苗只能对已知的流感病毒亚型有预防作用,而对因抗原性漂移或转换所产生的新型流感病毒无效。
目前常用的抗流感药物主要有离子通道阻断剂和神经氨酸酶抑制剂两大类。离子通道阻断剂以金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺为代表,其主要是通过抑制甲型流感病毒基质蛋白-2,阻止病毒穿入宿主细胞和释放核酸,从而达到抑制甲型流感病毒增殖的目的。然而,金刚烷胺可引起明显的胃肠道不良反应、中枢神经毒副作用和交叉耐药。因此,WHO的专家已经建议停止使用离子通道阻断剂作为抗流感药物。神经氨酸酶(Neuraminidase,NA)抑制剂,主要包括扎那米韦(Zanamivir)和奥司他韦(Oseltamivir)。该类药物的作用机制是通过与病毒的NA特异性结合而阻断其活性,导致病毒不能从宿主细胞表面释放并促进病毒自我凝集,从而发挥抗流感病毒作用。但是研究表明NA抑制剂在治疗应用过程中容易产生耐药和交叉耐药,因此开发一种新型抗流感病毒药物就显得尤为紧迫和重要。
流感病毒囊膜上存在的血凝素(Hemagglutinin,HA)及神经氨酸酶(NA)分别对流感病毒感染过程以及病毒从宿主细胞中出芽起到重要作用。前者通过与宿主细胞膜上的唾液酸受体结合,当病毒进入内涵体之后,通过其构象的变化使病毒和细胞融合。在感染末期,NA在病毒粒子自宿主细胞出芽或游离时,起到剪切自身或宿主细胞膜上的唾液酸残基的作用,从而确保新的病毒的释放。因此,HA蛋白可成为抗流感病毒药物的潜在靶点。通过特异性结合HA蛋白从而抑制其与宿主细胞膜受体结合,进而达到防止流感病毒感染的作用。目前,许多研究报道含有唾液酸聚合物可有效抑制流感病毒进入宿主细胞。多肽可有效抑制HA蛋白与受体蛋白的相互作用。因此,筛选到特异性结合HA蛋白并有效抑制其作用的多肽显得尤为重要。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有的抗流感病毒肽类存在分子量较大、难于合成的问题,本发明提供一种寡肽及其衍生物和应用,这类多肽氨基酸数目均小于7个,分子量小,易于合成且具有抑制流感病毒活性,能够与血凝素位点特异性结合,提示其在抗流感病毒治疗中具有重要的开发和应用价值。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种寡肽,其序列包含有X-Y-Leu-Arg-Ala结构域,其中,X为带正电荷的氨基酸;Y为疏水性或带正电荷的氨基酸。
一种寡肽衍生物,以硬脂酸修饰上述多肽序列得到,其结构式为C17H35CO-X-Y-Leu-Arg-Ala,其中,X为带正电荷的氨基酸;Y为疏水性或带正电荷的氨基酸。
更进一步地,所述的X为Lys、His、Arg中的一种;Y为Pro、Lys、Leu中的一种。
更进一步地,所述的寡肽衍生物分别为:
寡肽Ⅰ、C17H35CO-Lys-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅱ、C17H35CO-His-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅲ、C17H35CO-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅳ、C17H35CO-Arg-Leu-Leu-Arg-Ala。
上述的寡肽或寡肽衍生物在制备药物中的应用。
上述的寡肽或寡肽衍生物在制备预防或治疗流感疾病的药物中的应用。
更进一步地,所述的流感疾病包括由H1N1、H3N2、H5N1、H7N9多种流感病毒中的一种或几种同时所导致的流感疾病。
一种用于预防或治疗流感疾病的药物,包括上述的寡肽衍生物中的一种或几种混合,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
更进一步地,药物的剂型包括注射剂、冻干粉针、微球、粉末、粉雾剂、胶囊、片剂、药丸、鼻喷剂、气雾剂、肠溶衣、毫微球、微乳或复乳。
一种用于预防或治疗流感疾病的药物,包括上述的寡肽,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的寡肽衍生物具有抗流感病毒活性,能够与血凝素位点特异性结合;
(2)本发明筛选得到的具有抗流感病毒活性的一类多肽,该类多肽的氨基酸数目均小于7个,实验结果显示,该类多肽能显著抑制抗流感病毒的增殖,提示其在抗流感病毒治疗中具有重要的开发和应用价值,因此可用于制备抗流感药物;
(3)本发明与现有文献报道的抗流感病毒肽类相比较,现有的抗流感病毒肽类分子量较大,难于合成;而本发明合成的寡肽由天然氨基酸组成,分子量小,易于合成且具有抑制流感病毒活性,是一种高效、理想的抗病毒药物。
附图说明
图1为本发明中寡肽Ⅰ体内抗流感药效学试验结果图;
图2为本发明中寡肽Ⅰ与血凝素的相互结合模式示意图;
图3为本发明中寡肽Ⅱ与血凝素的相互结合模式示意图;
图4为本发明中寡肽Ⅲ与血凝素的相互结合模式示意图;
图5为本发明中寡肽Ⅳ与血凝素的相互结合模式示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1
病毒毒力测定(TCID50)
本发明中使用的流感H1N1(FM1)、H3N2(N3)、H5N1和H7N9病毒抗原均为具有血凝活性的病毒灭活抗原,均是能致病的,H1N1、H3N2是人流感,H5N1和H7N9是禽流感,以H7N9为例,进行病毒毒力测定,证明其活性,具体实验步骤及结果如下:
将处于对数生长期的MDCK细胞(流感病毒易感的犬肾传代细胞株)点板铺层单层后,将流感病毒H1N1连续作10倍浓度稀释,将10-2~10-10的稀释度的病毒接种于MDCK细胞中,于37℃吸附1h后,用PBS冲洗2次后换用维持液继续培养,设正常细胞对照,均为4个复孔。每天在倒置显微镜下观察细胞病变,记录病变程度和孔数,将细胞病变率达50%及以上的培养孔计为病变孔,根据Reed-Muench法计算病毒的TCID50(median tissue cultureinfective dosage)。
表1病毒毒力测定(TCID50)结果
距离比例=(高于50%病变率的百分数-50%)/(高于50%病变率的百分数-低于50%病变率的百分数)=(60-50)/(60-20)=10/40=0.25;
lgTCID50=距离比×稀释度对数之间的差+高于50%病变率的稀释度的对数=0.25×(-1)+(-3)=-3.25
TCID50=10-3.25/0.1mL
含义:将该病毒稀释103.25接种50uL可使50%的细胞发生病变。
实施例2
本发明以蛋白质数据库(Protein Data Bank)血凝素蛋白(4BSE)晶体结构作为研究的依据,筛选出一系列具有抗病毒活性的寡肽,其序列包含有X-Y-Leu-Arg-Ala结构域,在短肽X-Y-Leu-Arg-Ala的基础上用硬脂酸进行修饰得到一类寡肽衍生物。这类寡肽衍生物结构通式为C17H35CO-X-Y-Leu-Arg-Ala,其中,X为带正电荷的氨基酸(比如Lys、His、Arg等);Y为疏水性或带正电荷的氨基酸(比如Pro、Lys、Leu等)。这类寡肽衍生物均具有抗病毒活性,有望开发成理想的抗病毒药物。寡肽衍生物的具体结构可以为:
寡肽Ⅰ、C17H35CO-Lys-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅱ、C17H35CO-His-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅲ、C17H35CO-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅳ、C17H35CO-Arg-Leu-Leu-Arg-Ala。
体外抑制流感病毒血凝活性的测定:
将复苏的H1N1、H3N2、H5N1和H7N9流感病毒灭活后用常规的血凝试验(参照WHO流感病毒血凝滴度测定标准方法)测定其病毒滴度,然后按参考文献1(Jeremyt C.J.,ErikW.S.,Curtis R.B.and Stacey S.C.Indentification of the minimal active sequenceof an anti-influenza virus peptide.Antimircrobial agents and chemotherapy,2011,55(4):1810-1813)和文献2(Teruhiko M.,Ai Onishi.,Tomomi S.,Aki S.,etal.Sialic acid-mimic peptides as hemagglutinin inhibitors for anti-influenzatherapy.J.Med.Chem.2010,53,4441-4449)的方法将含有4个血凝滴度的流感病毒与不同浓度的多肽充分混合,37℃作用60min,然后测定各样品处理后病毒滴度,根据病毒滴度的下降情况评价各样品的抗病毒活性,以抑制流感病毒血凝活性的最低浓度为样品的IC50。
表2寡肽衍生物抑制流感病毒凝集红细胞作用的最低有效浓度(μM)
本实验采用血凝抑制试验的方法对多肽抑制4亚型流感病毒血凝活性进行了测试,结果表明寡肽Ⅰ和寡肽Ⅱ多肽对H1N1和H7N9两个亚型流感病毒凝集红细胞作用具有抑制活性,而对H3N2和H5N1亚型流感病毒凝集红细胞无明显抑制作用;其中寡肽Ⅲ对H7N9亚型流感病毒凝集红细胞作用具有抑制效果,为0.71μM,而寡肽Ⅳ对H1N1亚型流感病毒凝集红细胞作用具有抑制效果,为3.12μM。
实施例3
抗流感病毒药效试验方法:
取处于对数生长期状态良好的细胞,加0.25%的胰蛋白酶消化液,消化脱落后吹匀,计数,按2×105个/孔,接种于96孔细胞培养板中,置恒温CO2培养箱中培养16-24h。分别设正常细胞对照组,病毒感染组,阳性药物对照组和受试药物组。弃去培养液,用PBS冲洗三次,除正常对照组外,其余每孔加入100TCID50感染量的流感病毒,置恒温CO2培养箱静止1h,弃去未吸附的病毒,再用PBS冲洗两次,然后加入含不同浓度的含药维持液。受试药物组设6个剂量,均设3个复孔。然后将上述方案加药的细胞培养板35℃下继续培养72h,观察细胞病变,待病毒对照孔细胞病变达75%以上时,采用MTT法或结晶紫染色法测定各组吸光值(A值)。计算受试药物的抗病毒效率(effective rate,ER),计算药物的半数有效浓度(EC50)。ER=(药物试验组A值-病毒对照组A值)/(正常细胞对照组A值-病毒对照组A值)×100%。预处理试验方法:将含有100TCD50的流感病毒与按浓度梯度的血凝多肽混合后35℃温浴处理60min,然后按上述方法感染MDCK细胞,加维持液继续培养72h,然后采用结晶紫法染色观察细胞病变结果,以H7N9病毒为例,进行实验,实验结果见表3。
体外溶血活性的测定:
将寡肽衍生物从50μM开始做2倍梯度稀释,然后各取50μL样品与50μL0.5%鸡红细胞混合,37℃作用60min,离心处理,取上清,采用TECAN多功能酶标仪测定385nm波长的OD值,具体结果见表3。
表3寡肽衍生物体外抗流感药效学试验结果
从表3我们可以看出,寡肽Ⅰ和寡肽Ⅲ在12.5μM浓度条件下具有一定的溶血活性,而寡肽Ⅱ和寡肽Ⅳ在25μM浓度条件下才显示出溶血活性。
从图表3我们可以看出,MTT法测定结果显示样品寡肽Ⅰ、寡肽Ⅱ和寡肽Ⅲ在接近CC0浓度条件下对流感毒株感染MDCK细胞所致病变具有一定的保护作用。为了进一步考察这些多肽体外抗流感的药效,我们采用预处理方法,从表3可以看出寡肽Ⅰ和寡肽Ⅱ在10μM或者寡肽Ⅳ在50μM浓度条件下均具有直接抑制流感病毒感染MDCK细胞的作用。
为了验证寡肽Ⅰ、寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ和寡肽Ⅳ对H1N1、H3N2和H5N1病毒的作用,采用上述相同的方法进行实验,结果均表明寡肽Ⅰ~Ⅳ均具有直接抑制流感病毒感染MDCK细胞的作用。
实施例4
抗流感病毒的体内药效学评估:
以寡肽Ⅰ序列作为代表,进行抗流感病毒的体内药效学评估实验。将小鼠随机分为病毒对照组(Control)、阳性药物利巴韦林(Ribavirin)组和寡肽Ⅰ给药组,每组10只,小鼠均经乙醚麻醉,用移液器经鼻滴入40μL的H1N1禽流感病毒原液,在感染后2h给药。病毒对照组均腹腔注射生理盐水(10mL/kg),阳性药物组采用利巴韦林(50mg/kg)腹腔注射,寡肽Ⅰ给药组(50mg/kg)进行肌肉注射给药,每日2次,共16天,每隔24h观察一次并记录小鼠每组死亡情况,实验结果见图1。
从图1可以看出,在接种病毒16d后寡肽Ⅰ给药组的小鼠存活率保持在80%,其生命延长率明显高于病毒对照组和阳性药物组的小鼠,从而可知寡肽Ⅰ对流感病毒感染的小鼠具有明显的预防、治疗效果。
以寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ、寡肽Ⅳ序列按照上述的方法进行抗流感病毒的体内药效学评估实验,实验结果表明给药组(分别注射寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ、寡肽Ⅳ多肽的实验组)的小鼠生命延长率明显高于病毒对照组和阳性药物组的小鼠,从而可知寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ、寡肽Ⅳ对流感病毒感染的小鼠具有明显的预防、治疗效果。
实施例5
寡肽Ⅰ与血凝素的相互作用模式分析
为了进一步分析寡肽Ⅰ与血凝素晶体复合物(PDB ID:4BSE)的相互作用,利用MOE中Triangle Matcher placement对接模块将寡肽Ⅰ对接到血凝素的活性位点,结果如图2所示。寡肽Ⅰ能够与血凝素活性位点中的Gly135、Asn137和Ser136等关键氨基酸形成氢键相互作用。以上寡肽Ⅰ与血凝素的作用模式,从一定程度上预示着寡肽Ⅰ具有抑制血凝素的功能,这为进一步研究血凝素的抑制剂提供了重要的参考。
参照同样的方法,分别将寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ、寡肽Ⅳ序列对接到血凝素的活性位点,寡肽Ⅱ能够与血凝素活性位点中的Ser219、Ser227和Gln189等关键氨基酸形成氢键相互作用(如图3所示)。寡肽Ⅲ能够与血凝素活性位点中的Asn133、Gly135、Ser136、Glu190、Ser219和Ser186等关键氨基酸形成氢键相互作用(如图4所示)。寡肽Ⅳ能够与血凝素活性位点中的Asn137、Ser145、Ser136、Ser219和Ser227等关键氨基酸形成氢键相互作用(如图5所示),结果从一定程度上预示着寡肽Ⅳ具有抑制血凝素的功能。
实施例6
本文中的寡肽Ⅰ、寡肽Ⅱ、寡肽Ⅲ和寡肽Ⅳ均具有抗流感病毒活性,能显著抑制抗流感病毒的增殖,结合药学上可接受的辅料或载体,可制备成抗流感药物。“药学上可接受的”的辅料是适用于人和/或哺乳动物而无过度不良副反应(如毒性、刺激和变态反应)的,即具有合理的效益/风险比的物质。术语“药学上可接受的载体”指用于治疗剂给药的载体,包括各种赋形剂和稀释剂。该术语指这样一些药剂载体:它们本身并不是必要的活性成分,且施用后没有过分的毒性。合适的载体是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。在Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Pub.Co.,N.J.1991)中可找到关于药学上可接受的载体的充分说明。在组合物中药学上可接受的载体可含有液体,如水、盐水、甘油和乙醇。另外,这些载体中还可能存在辅助性的物质,如润滑剂、助流剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲物质等。
术语“药学上可接受的辅料”是指,任何合适的用于药物制剂中的药学上可接受的佐剂、载体、稀释剂、防腐剂等。仅作为示例性的目的,已知的佐剂包括但不限于,例如完全弗氏佐剂,不完全弗氏佐剂,矿物质凝胶比如氢氧化铝,表面活性物质比如溶血软磷脂,复合多元醇,多聚阴离子,肽,油乳剂,烃乳状剂,钥孔血蓝蛋白等。已知的载体包括但不限于,无菌液体,例如水,油,或者水和油的混合物,所述油例如花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等。已知的稀释剂包括但不限于,水、盐水、葡萄糖、乙醇、甘油及其类似物。已知的防腐剂包括但不限于,硫柳汞和EDTA 等。药学上可接受的辅料的选择可以通过本领域的已知技术来实现,本领域技术人员可以根据需要制备的多肽药物剂型基于现有技术选择合适的药学上可接受的辅料。例如,对于制备口服液体制剂(例如,悬浮液、微乳或复乳),所选用的辅料可以包括例如水、油、醇类、调味剂、防腐剂、着色剂等。又例如,对于制备口服固体制剂(例如,粉剂、粉雾剂、胶囊剂或片剂),所选用的辅料可以包括例如淀粉、糖类、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。此外,如果需要,本发明的多肽药物还可以制备成糖包衣或肠溶衣,亦或者控释制剂。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了一种控制和/或预防流感病毒的方法,该方法包括给予有此需要的动物有效量的本发明寡肽衍生物,术语“有效量”是指在给药动物体内引起抗病毒反应的量。
序列表
<110> 中国药科大学
<120> 一种寡肽及其衍生物和应用
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Claims (7)
1.一种寡肽衍生物,其特征在于:以硬脂酸修饰多肽序列得到,所述的寡肽衍生物分别为:
寡肽Ⅰ、C17H35CO-Lys-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅱ、C17H35CO-His-Pro-Leu-Arg-Ala;或
寡肽Ⅲ、C17H35CO-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-Ala。
2.权利要求1所述的寡肽衍生物寡肽Ⅰ或寡肽Ⅱ在制备预防或治疗流感疾病的药物中的应用,所述的流感疾病为H1N1、H7N9型流感病毒中的一种或几种同时所导致的流感疾病。
3.权利要求1所述的寡肽衍生物寡肽Ⅲ在制备预防或治疗流感疾病的药物中的应用,所述的流感疾病是指由H7N9型流感病毒所导致的流感疾病。
4.一种预防或治疗H1N1型流感疾病的药物,其特征在于:包括权利要求1中所述的寡肽衍生物中的寡肽Ⅰ或寡肽Ⅱ中的一种或几种混合,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
5.一种预防或治疗H7N9型流感疾病的药物,其特征在于:包括权利要求1中所述的寡肽衍生物中的寡肽Ⅰ、寡肽Ⅱ或寡肽Ⅲ中的一种或几种混合,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求4或5中所述的药物,其特征在于:药物的剂型包括注射剂、冻干粉针、微球、粉雾剂、胶囊、片剂、药丸、气雾剂、肠溶衣或微乳。
7.根据权利要求4或5中所述的药物,其特征在于:药物的剂型包括粉末、鼻喷剂、毫微球或复乳。
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