CN108473479B - 普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物的固态形式和使用方法 - Google Patents
普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物的固态形式和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明提供新的固态形式的普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物、包含至少一种该固态形式的组合物,和其制备方法和用途。所述新的固态形式的普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物可用于治疗癌症,例如,其中靶向剪接体和其突变的药物已知有作用的癌症。
Description
本发明提供新的固态形式的普拉二烯内酯(pladienolide)吡啶化合物、包含至少一种该固态形式的组合物,和其制备方法和用途。所述新的固态形式的普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物可用于治疗癌症,例如,其中已知靶向剪接体和其突变的药物对其有作用的癌症。
一些普拉二烯内酯B化合物以及其他普拉二烯内酯化合物公开于以下专利申请:WO 2002/060890;WO 2004/011459;WO 2004/011661;WO 2004/050890;WO 2005/052152;WO2006/009276;和WO 2008/126918。例如,普拉二烯内酯化合物,(8E,12E,14E)-7-((4-环庚基哌嗪-1-基)羰基)氧基-3,6,16,21-四羟基-6,10,12,16,20-五甲基-18,19-环氧二十三-8,12,14-三烯-11-内酯,也称为E7107,是天然产物普拉二烯内酯D的半合成衍生物,且其I期研究结果已经被报道。
本发明提供新的固态形式的至少一种选自以下的实体:具有式I的普拉二烯内酯吡啶化合物及其药物可接受的盐(统称为“式I的化合物”):
在一些实施方案中,至少一种式I化合物的固态形式为晶形1。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供新的固态形式的4-甲基哌嗪-1-甲酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-7,10-二羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及药物组合物,其包含至少一种式I的化合物的至少一种固态形式。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物还包含选自以下的至少一种其它组分:药物可接受的载体、药物可接受的媒介物和药物可接受的赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及由至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式和任选至少一种其它组分组成的药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及基本上由至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式和任选至少一种其它组分组成的药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,该至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式以治疗有效量存在于药物组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,该至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可用于治疗患有癌症的受试者的方法中。在一些实施方案中,该至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可给药于该受试者,其给药量可有效产生治疗性有益响应。癌症的非限制性实例包括骨髓增生异常综合征,白血病(例如,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒单核细胞白血病和急性骨髓性白血病)、和实体瘤(例如、结肠癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、葡萄膜黑素瘤、胃癌、胆管癌和肺癌)。所述癌症可对剪接体基因或蛋白中的一种或多种突变(例如表1中所列的那些)测试呈阳性。
在一些实施方案中,所述至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可用于制备药物。例如,所述药物可用于治疗癌症,如上文公开的那些。在一些实施方案中,所述至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可用于靶向剪接体,例如,SF3B剪接体的亚基1。
附图简述
图1显示式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1的X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)衍射图。
图2显示通过缓慢蒸发包含甲苯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)/二氯甲烷(DCM)或MTBE/庚烷的多种溶液得到的式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1的XRPD衍射图。
图3显示从MTBE/庚烷或乙酸乙酯/庚烷的混合物得到的式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1的XRPD衍射图。
图4显示从MTBE/庚烷或乙酸乙酯/庚烷的混合物快速冷却式I的游离碱化合物得到的晶形1的晶体。
图5显示从不同方法得到的晶形1的XRPD衍射图。上衍射图是通过从乙酸乙酯/庚烷(3:1)溶液快速冷却形成的晶形1。中间的衍射图是通过从MTBE/庚烷(1:1)溶液快速冷却形成的晶形1。下衍射图是从乙酸乙酯/庚烷(3:1)溶液(30v)缓慢冷却结晶(经2-3小时从75℃冷却至室温然后搅拌过夜)形成的晶形1。
图6为提出的晶形1中晶体堆积的描述。
图7显示研磨之前和之后晶形1的样品的XRPD衍射图。
如本发明所述,适用以下定义,除非另有所述。
如本发明所述,“式I的化合物”是指至少一种选自式I的化合物及其药物可接受的盐的实体。而且,除非另外提及,“式I的化合物”可为所述化合物的对映异构体、非对映异构体和/或几何(或构象)形式;例如,各不对称中心的R和S构型、(Z)和(E)双键异构体和(Z)和(E)构象异构体。除非另外提及,与互变异构形式共存的本发明所述化合物在本发明的范围内。此外,除非另外提及,本发明所述结构也旨在包括这样的化合物,其区别仅在于存在一种或多种同位素富集的原子。例如,除了用氘或氚替代了氢或用13C-或14C-富集的碳替代了碳之外,具有所述结构的化合物在本发明的范围内。这种化合物可在生物学测试中用作,例如,分析工具或探针。
式I可通过以下表示:
“药物可接受的盐”为保持母体化合物的所需生物活性且不带来不利的毒理学作用的盐。所述盐的实例为:(a)与无机酸,例如,盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸等形成的酸加成盐;和与有机酸、例如、乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、单宁酸、棕榈酸、海藻酸、多聚谷氨酸、萘磺酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、多聚半乳糖醛酸等形成的盐;和(b)由元素的阴离子(例如氯、溴和碘)形成的盐。参见,例如,Haynes等人,“Commentary:Occurrence of Pharmaceutically AcceptableAnions and Cations in the Cambridge Structural Database,”J.PharmaceuticalSciences,第94卷,no.10(2005),和Berge等人,“Pharmaceutical Salts”,J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,第66卷,no.1(1977),将其引入本发明作为参考。
“固态形式”是指式I的化合物的无定形或结晶形式。在一些实施方案中,至少一种式I化合物的固态形式为晶形1。固态形式可被鉴别并通过一个或多个分析测试和/或物理性质彼此区分,例如,X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)衍射图、单晶结构、来自差示扫描量热法(DSC)的热流信息、来自动态蒸气吸附(DVS)的吸附-解吸附图和/或热力学稳定性。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,来自这种分析技术的结果可由于实验误差而改变,例如±10%。例如,即使对于相同的结晶形式,XRPD衍射图中的强度和/或峰位置也会有变化。因此,本领域的普通技术人员将理解,本发明中所提及的XRPD衍射图中的最大峰值(以2θ度表示)通常意味着所报告的值±报告值的0.2度2θ,其为本领域公认的偏差。
“异构体”是指具有相同数目和种类的原子并因此具有相同分子量、但具有不同的原子的排列或构型的化合物。“立体异构体”是指具有相同原子连接性但它们的原子在空间上具有不同排列的化合物。“非对映异构体”或“非对映体”是指不是对映异构体的立体异构体。“对映异构体”是指为彼此不重叠的镜像的立体异构体。“几何异构体”是指相对于双键或环或中心原子而言具有不同基团位置的顺式-反式异构体。
本发明教导的对映异构体可包括“对映异构体纯的”异构体,其在特定的不对称中心处基本上包含单一对映异构体,例如,大于或等于90%、92%、95%、98%或99%或等于100%的单一对映异构体。“不对称中心”或“手性中心”是指四面体碳原子,其包含四个不同的取代基。
本发明所用“立体异构体纯的”是指化合物或其组合物,其包含化合物的一种立体异构体且基本上不含该化合物的其他立体异构体。例如,具有一个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯的组合物基本上不含该化合物的相反的对映异构体。具有两个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯的组合物基本上不含该化合物的非对映异构体且基本上不含该化合物的相反的对映异构体。典型的立体异构体纯的化合物包含大于约80重量%的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和小于约20重量%的所述化合物的其他立体异构体,更优选大于约90重量%的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和小于约10重量%的所述化合物其他立体异构体,甚至更优选大于约95重量%的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和小于约5重量%的所述化合物其他立体异构体,且最优选大于约97重量%的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和小于约3重量%的所述化合物其他立体异构体。参见,例如,US专利7,189,715。
描述异构体的术语“R”和“S”是描述不对称取代的碳原子的立体化学构型的符号。通过采用Cahn-Ingold-Prelog优先级规则用“R”或“S”来命名不对称取代的碳原子,正如本领域技术人员熟知的并描述于International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.Section E,Stereochemistry。
本发明所用的“药学上可接受的载体”是指无毒载体、佐剂和/或媒介物,将其与化合物共同配制时不会破坏所述化合物的药理学活性。可用于本发明组合物中的药学上可接受的载体、佐剂和/或媒介物包括,但不限于,离子交换剂、氧化铝、硬脂酸铝、卵磷脂、血清蛋白(例如人血清白蛋白)、缓冲剂(例如磷酸盐)、甘氨酸、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物、水、盐、电解质(例如硫酸鱼精蛋白)、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐、胶体二氧化硅、三硅酸镁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素基物质、聚乙二醇、环糊精、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸酯、蜡、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇和羊毛脂。
“治疗”癌症是指逆转(例如,克服细胞的分化阻滞)、减轻(例如,减轻一种或多种症状,例如贫血引起的疲劳、低血细胞计数等)和/或延迟本发明所述癌症的进展(例如,延迟病症的进展,例如转化成AML)。
本发明所用“受试者”是指动物受试者,优选哺乳动物受试者,且特别是人。
在一些实施方案中,至少一种式I化合物的固态形式为晶形1.
式I的化合物的药物可接受的盐的无定形形式可通过以下获得,例如,将至少一种式I的游离碱化合物与溶剂体系混合,该溶剂体系包含至少一种选自磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、乙酸和甲磺酸的酸,且任选还包含水。式I的游离碱化合物的无定形形式可通过以下获得,例如,将包含式I的游离碱化合物和至少一种选自甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈和异丙醇的溶剂的溶液缓慢蒸发。缓慢蒸发可包括松弛地盖住包含待蒸发溶液的小瓶且使至少一种溶剂在室温蒸发约3天或按需要蒸发。在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的存在量为约1-2mg且至少一种溶剂在蒸发前存在的体积为约2mL。
在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1可通过以下获得,例如,将包含式I的游离碱化合物和至少一种选自甲苯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、和MTBE/DCM的9:1(v/v)混合物的溶剂的溶液缓慢蒸发(例如,如上所述)。在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的存在量为约5mg且至少一种溶剂在蒸发前存在的体积为约5mL。缓慢蒸发上述溶剂所得的产物的XRPD衍射图示于图2。
类似的,式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1可通过以下获得,例如,经约20分钟将包含式I的游离碱化合物和MTBE/庚烷的1:1(v/v)混合物或乙酸乙酯/庚烷的1:1(v/v)混合物的溶液从约50℃缓慢冷却至室温,然后冷却至-5℃,且过滤收集。在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的存在量为约0.2g至约9g且至少一种溶剂存在的体积范围为约12v至约14v(约8mL至约172mL总溶剂体积)。缓慢蒸发上述溶剂所得的产物的XRPD衍射图示于图3。
式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1也可通过以下获得,例如,将包含式I的游离碱化合物和至少一种选自以下的溶剂体系的溶液缓慢蒸发:5%甲醇在乙酸乙酯中的溶液、5%甲醇在MTBE中的溶液、5%甲醇在1:1(v/v)MTBE/庚烷中的溶液、5%甲醇在1:1(v/v)乙酸乙酯/庚烷中的溶液、5%乙醇在乙酸乙酯中的溶液、5%乙醇在MTBE中的溶液、5%乙醇在1:1(v/v)MTBE/庚烷中的溶液、和5%乙醇在1:1(v/v)乙酸乙酯/庚烷中的溶液。在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的存在量为约0.5mg且至少一种溶剂存在的体积为约1mL。
式I的化合物的游离碱的晶形1也可通过以下获得,例如,如下所述急速(快速)冷却包含式I的游离碱化合物和至少一种选自1:1(v/v)MTBE/庚烷和1:1(v/v)乙酸乙酯/庚烷的溶剂体系的溶液。急速(快速)冷却可包括将溶液温度增加至80℃,在该温度保持10分钟,然后将溶液放入-20℃的冰箱。30分钟后,可将混合物从冰箱取出,且过滤分离固体。在一些实施方案中,式I的游离碱化合物的存在量为约3.9g且至少一种溶剂存在的体积为约105mL。对于分析,可以将固体以及少量的溶液涂布在XRPD样品板上,以使溶剂在室温蒸发(例如,1小时)。所得晶体和急速(快速)冷却上述溶剂且随后过滤得到的产物的XRPD衍射图,分别示于图4和5。
从MTBE(MBTE中1%水,由KF测量)或水-饱和的MTBE/庚烷缓慢蒸发晶体没有导致从形式1转变为无定形或不同的晶形。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及式I的游离碱化合物的晶形1。在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及晶形1,其具有基本上如图1、2、3和5中任何一个所示的X-射线粉末衍射图。如本发明所述,当X-射线粉末衍射图与本发明所述的一个或多个图相同时,其是“基本上如图所示”,其中考虑到了由于实验变量以及采用的测量条件引起的峰位置的可能变化,而未考虑峰的量级(定量或相对)强度。
在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少七个、至少八个或九个选自最大值位于以下位置的峰的峰:5.869、7.749、12.837、15.276、18.220、19.925、21.184、23.586和25.817度2θ(或由其四舍五入的值)。在一些实施方案中,可在一个或多个最大峰值中观察到±0.2(00)的变化。
在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少七个、至少八个或九个选自最大值位于以下位置的峰的峰:5.9、7.7、12.8、15.3、18.2、19.3、21.2、23.6和25.8度2θ。在一些实施方案中,可在一个或多个最大峰值中观察到±0.2的变化。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少七个、至少八个或九个选自最大值位于以下位置的峰的峰:5.87、7.75、12.84、15.28、18.22、19.29、21.18、23.59和25.82度2θ。在一些实施方案中,可在一个或多个最大峰值中观察到±0.2的变化。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少七个、至少八个或九个选自最大值位于以下位置的峰的峰:5.869、7.749、12.837、15.276、18.220、19.295、21.184、23.586和25.817度2θ。在一些实施方案中,可在一个或多个最大峰值中观察到±0.200的变化。
在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有以下XRPD衍射图,其具有至少一个选自以下位置的峰:5.9±0.2、7.7±0.2、12.8±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、19.3±0.2、21.2±0.2、23.6±0.2和25.8±0.2度2θ。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有以下XRPD衍射图,其具有位于18.2±0.2度2θ的峰。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有以下XRPD衍射图,其具有位于7.7±0.2、15.3±0.2和18.2±0.2度2θ的峰。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的XRPD衍射图具有以下XRPD衍射图,其具有位于7.7±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、19.3±0.2和21.2±0.2度2θ的峰。
在一些实施方案中,晶形1在空间群P21中。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的晶胞具有以下尺寸:β=99.641(2)。在一些实施方案中,晶形1的晶胞具有/>的体积。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及包含至少一种固态形式的至少一种式I的化合物的药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物还包含选自以下的至少一种其它组分:药物可接受的载体、药物可接受的媒介物和药物可接受的赋形剂。
在一些实施方案中,药物组合物中至少一种式I化合物的固态形式为至少一种式I的化合物的无定形形式。在一些实施方案中,至少一种式I化合物的无定形形式为式I的化合物的至少一种药物可接受的盐的无定形形式。在一些实施方案中,所述至少一种药物可接受的盐选自与至少一种选自以下的酸形成的酸加成盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、单宁酸、棕榈酸、海藻酸、多聚谷氨酸、萘磺酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘二磺酸和多聚半乳糖醛酸。在一些实施方案中,所述至少一种药物可接受的盐选自与至少一种选自以下的酸形成的酸加成盐:盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸和甲磺酸。
在一些实施方案中,药物组合物中至少一种式I化合物的固态形式为至少一种式I的化合物的晶形1。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及由至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式和任选至少一种其它组分组成的药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物包含多于80%的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式作为活性成分。在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物包含多于90%的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式作为活性成分。在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物包含多于95%的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式作为活性成分。在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物包含多于99%的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式作为活性成分。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及基本上由至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式和任选至少一种其它组分组成的药物组合物。该至少一种其它组分不为所述至少一种式I的化合物。
药物组合物中的至少一种其它组分可根据药物组合物的给药途径选择。药物组合物可使用的合适的给药途径的非限制性实例包括肠胃外、口服、吸入喷雾、局部、直肠、经鼻、含剂、阴道和植入型药盒给药。本发明所用术语“胃肠外”包括皮下、静脉内、肌内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内和颅内注射或输注技术。在一些实施方案中,给药模式选自静脉内、口服、皮下和肌内给药。无菌可注射形式的本发明组合物可为例如水性或油性混悬液。这些混悬液可根据本领域已知的技术使用本领域已知的合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂进行配制。所述无菌可注射制剂也可为在无毒胃肠外的可接受稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或混悬液,例如,其为在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可使用的媒介物和溶剂的非限制性实例包括水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌不挥发油可用作溶剂和/或悬浮介质。
为此目的,可以使用任何混和的不挥发油,包括合成的单甘油酯或甘油二酯。脂肪酸,例如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物可用于制备注射剂,天然药学上可接受的油也是如此,例如橄榄油或蓖麻油,特别是其聚氧乙基化形式。这些油溶液或混悬液也可含有长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,例如羧甲基纤维素或通常用于配制药学上可接受的剂型(包括乳液和混悬液)中的类似的分散剂。其他常用的表面活性剂,例如Tweens、Spans和通常用于制备药学上可接受的固体、液体和/或其他剂型的其他乳化剂或生物利用度增强剂,也可用于配制的目的。
对于口服给药,至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可以以可接受的口服剂型提供,包括,但不限于,胶囊、片剂、水性混悬液或溶液。在口服使用的片剂的情况下,通常使用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。也可加入润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁。对于胶囊形式的口服给药,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干玉米淀粉。当需要水性混悬液用于口服使用时,将所述活性成分与乳化剂和/或混悬剂组合。如果需要,也可加入一些甜味剂、矫味剂或着色剂。
本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可用于治疗各种类型的癌症,包括对靶向SF3B1的药剂有响应的那些癌症。普拉二烯内酯B的抗肿瘤活性据报道与其靶向SF3b复合物有关,从而抑制剪接并改变基因表达的模式(Kotake等人,"Splicing factorSF3b as a target of the antitumor natural product pladienolide,"NatureChemical Biology 2007,3,570-575)。在剪接体基因(例如剪接因子3B亚基1(SF3B1)蛋白)上的突变已知涉及许多癌症,例如血液恶性肿瘤和实体瘤。Scott等人,"Acquiredmutations that affect pre-mRNA splicing in hematologic malignancies and solidtumors,"JNCI 105,20,1540-1549。
恶性血液病的非限制性实例包括血液癌症(白血病)和淋巴结癌症(淋巴瘤)。白血病的非限制性实例包括急性成淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL),急性髓细胞性白血病(AML),慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL),慢性髓细胞性白血病(CML),慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML),急性单核细胞性白血病(AMoL)等。淋巴瘤的非限制性实例包括霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤。其它恶性血液病的非限制性实例包括骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)。
实体瘤的非限制性实例包括癌(例如,腺癌,例如,乳腺癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠和结肠直肠癌),肺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、胆管癌、神经胶质瘤和黑素瘤。
本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式也可用于治疗可能对靶向SF3B1之外的剪接体基因或蛋白的药剂有响应的癌症。以下实例说明了一些可对靶向剪接体的药剂有响应的癌症,且不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。因此,本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式可给药至受试者以治疗多种癌症或病症,例如:
a)骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS):参见,例如,"SF3B1 mutations inmyelodysplastic syndromes:clinical associations and prognostic implications,"Damm F.等人,Leukemia,2011,1-4;"Frequent pathway mutations in splicingmachinery in myelodysplasia,"Yoshida K.等人,Nature,2011,478,64-69;"Clinicalsignificance of SF3B1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes andmyelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,"Malcovati L.等人,Blood,2011,118,24,6239-6246;"Mutations in the spliceosome machinery,a novel andubiquitous pathway in leukemogenesis,"Makishima等人,Blood,2012,119,3203-3210;"Somatic SF3B1 mutation in myelodysplasia with ring sideroblasts,"Pappaemannuil,E.等人,New England J.Med.2011,DOI 10.1056/NEJMoal103283。
b)慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL):参见,例如,"Defects in the spliceosomalmachinery:a new pathway of leukaemogenesis,"Maciejewski,J.P.,Padgett,R.A.,Br.J.Haematology,2012,1-9;"Mutations in the SF3B1 splicing factor in chroniclymphocytic leukemia:associations with progression and fludarabine-refractoriness,"Rossi等人,Blood,2011,118,6904-6908;"Exome sequencingidentifies recurrent mutations of the splicing factor SF3B1 gene in chroniclymphocytic leukemia,"Quesada等人,Nature Genetics,2011,44,47-52。
c)慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML):参见,例如,Yoshida等人,Nature 2011;30"Spliceosomal gene mutations are frequent events in the diverse mutationalspectrum of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia but largely absent in juvenilemyelomonocytic leukemia,"Kar S.A.等人,Haematologia,2012,DOI:10.3324/haematol.2012.064048;DeBoever等人,“Transcriptome sequencing reveals potentialmechanism of cryptic 3'splice site selection in SF3B1-mutated cancers,”PLOSComputational Biology,2013,DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004105。
d)急性骨髓性白血病(AML):参见,例如,Malcovati等人,Blood 2011;Yoshida etal,Nature 2011。
e)乳腺癌:参见,例如,"Whole genome analysis informs breast cancerresponse to aromatase inhibition,"Ellis等人,Nature,2012,486,353-360;DeBoever等人,"Transcriptome sequencing reveals potential mechanism of cryptic 3'splice site selection in SF3B1-mutated cancers,"PLOS Computational Biology,2013,DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004105;Maguire等人,"SF3B1 mutations constitutea novel therapeutic target inbreast cancer,"J Pathol 2015,235,571-580。
f)葡萄膜黑色素瘤:参见,例如,"SF3Bl mutations are associated withalternative splicing in uveal melanoma,"Furney等人,Cancer Disc.2013,10,1122-1129;DeBoever等人,"Transcriptome sequencing reveals potential mechanism ofcryptic 3'splice site selection in SF3Bl-mutated cancers,"PLOS ComputationalBiology,2013,DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004105。
g)子宫内膜癌:参见,例如,Tefferi等人,“Myelodysplastic syndromes.”N EnglJ Med.2009;361:1872-85。
h)胃癌:参见,例如,Int J Cancer.2013Jul;133(l):260-5,“Mutationalanalysis of splicing machinery genes SF3B1,U2AF1 and SRSF2 in myelodysplasiaand other commontumors.”Je等人。
i)卵巢癌:参见,例如,Int J Cancer.2013Jul;133(l):260-5,“Mutationalanalysis of splicing machinery genes SF3B1,U2AF1 and SRSF2 in myelodysplasiaand other common tumors.”Je等人。
j)胆道癌如胆管癌和胰腺癌:参见,例如,Biankin等人,“Pancreatic cancergenomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes,”Nature 2012,491,399-405。
k)肺癌:参见,例如,“Exome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations ofthe splicing factor SF3B1 gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia,”Quesada等人,Nature Genetics 44,47-52(2012);Scott等人,“Acquired mutations that affect pre-mRNA splicing in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors,”JNCI 105,20,1540-1549。
此外,癌症中体细胞突变目录(COSMIC)(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,Genome Research Limited,England)报道了已在各种类型的癌症样品中发现的SF3B1突变。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式被给药至受试者的量为治疗和/或治疗有效量。可与载体物质组合以制备单剂型组合物的本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式的量可根据治疗的受试者和给药途径而改变。在一些实施方案中,所述药物组合物被配制使得剂量为0.01mg/kg至100mg/kg体重/天的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式(基于式I的游离碱的重量)可被给药于接受这些组合物的受试者。在一些实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物包含0.01mg至50mg(基于式I的游离碱的重量)的至少一种固态形式的至少一种式I的化合物。在一些实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物包含0.1mg至25mg至少一种固态形式的至少一种式I的化合物(基于式I的游离碱的重量),如5mg至40mg。
针对任意特定患者的剂量和治疗方案也可取决于多种因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄速率、药物组合、治疗医师的判断和所治疗的特定疾病的严重性。在该组合物中的本发明的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式的重量还将取决于该组合物中的特定化合物/盐。
在一些实施方案中,检测所述癌症在剪接体基因或蛋白中的一种或多种突变和/或所述癌症对在剪接体基因或蛋白中的一种或多种突变呈阳性,其中所述突变("阳性")的存在可指示所述受试者的癌症对治疗方法有响应,所述方法包括给药靶向该蛋白和/或剪接体的化合物。这种剪接体基因的实例包括,但不限于,下表1中所示的那些。
表1:剪接体基因和受影响的潜在疾病
关键词:
MDS=骨髓增生异常综合征
AML=急性髓细胞性白血病
CMML=慢性粒单核细胞白血病
LUAD=肺腺癌
UCEC=子宫体子宫内膜癌
PMF=进行性大块纤维变性
PRAD=前列腺腺癌
COAD=结肠腺癌
OV=卵巢浆液囊腺癌
SKCM=皮肤黑色素瘤
LUSC=肺鳞状细胞癌
STAD=胃腺癌
GBM=多形性胶质母细胞瘤
LGG=较低级别脑胶质瘤
DLBCL=弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤
在一些实施方案中,所述受试者的癌症可响应于包括给药靶向该蛋白和/或剪接体的至少一种式I化合物的至少一种固态形式的治疗方法,即使是在剪接体基因或蛋白上不存在此突变的情况下。
可通过任意已知的方法筛选或测试所述突变,例如,基因分型、表型等,利用核酸扩增、电泳、微阵列、印记、功能测定、免疫测定等。筛选方法可包括,例如,从含有癌细胞/组织的所述受试者中收集生物样品。
为了可以更充分地理解本发明所述的本发明,提出了以下实施例。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明的目的,而不应被解释为以任意方式限制本发明。
实施例
使用Biotage Emrys Liberator或Initiator微波进行微波加热。柱色谱是使用Isco Rf200d进行的。使用Büchi旋转蒸发仪或Genevac离心蒸发仪除去溶剂。在酸性移动相条件下,使用Waters自动纯化器和19x 100mm XTerra 5微米MS C18柱进行制备型LC/MS。使用Varian 400MHz光谱仪记录NMR光谱。
当使用术语“惰性的”来描述反应器(例如,反应容器、烧瓶、玻璃反应器等)时,其是指反应器中的空气已被基本上无水或干燥的惰性气体(例如氮气、氩气等)所替代。
用于制备本发明式I化合物的一般方法和实验如下所述。
本发明使用以下缩写:
MeOH:甲醇
DMF:二甲基甲酰胺
KHMDS:二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾
LCMS:液相色谱-质谱分析
TBS Cl:叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯
THF:四氢呋喃
TLC:薄层色谱法
材料:以下化合物是市售可得的和/或可以以有机合成领域技术人员熟知的多种方法进行制备。式I的化合物可使用本发明所述的反应和技术进行制备。在下述合成方法的描述中,应当理解,除非另外提及,否则可选择所有提出的反应条件(包括溶剂、反应气氛、反应温度、实验的持续时间和后处理过程的选择)为用于该反应的标准条件。有机合成领域的技术人员应当理解,存在于分子各部分上的官能团应当与所提出的试剂和反应相容。与反应条件不相容的取代基对本领域技术人员是显而易见的,并因此指出了替代方法。实施例的起始材料是市售可得的或通过标准方法由已知的材料容易地制备。
LCMS信息
流动相:A(0.1%甲酸在H2O中)和B(0.1%甲酸在乙腈中)。
梯度:B 5%→95%,1.8分钟。
柱:Acquity BEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1x 50mm)。
美国专利号7,884,128和7,816,401,两专利的发明名称都为:Process for TotalSynthesis of Pladienolide B and Pladienolide D,其描述了本领域已知的用于合成普拉二烯内酯B和D的方法。普拉二烯内酯B和D的合成也使用本领域已知的方法进行并描述于Kanada等人,"Total Synthesis of the Potent Antitumor 20Macrolides PladienolideB and D,"Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.46:4350-4355(2007)。Kanada等人和PCT申请公开WO 2003/099813,发明名称为:Novel Physiologically Active Substances,描述了本领域已知的由普拉二烯内酯D(WO'813的11107D)合成E7107(WO'813的化合物45)的方法。相应的美国专利为Kotake等人的7,550,503。
合成(S)-2-(1-((1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)磺酰基)丙-2-基)吡啶
步骤1:在0℃,向2-(吡啶-2-基)乙酸盐酸盐MMMMMM(50.0g,288.0mmol,1.0当量)在甲醇中的溶液(500mL,0.5M)中滴加亚硫酰氯(31.5mL,432.0mmol,1.5当量)。将该反应物在0℃搅拌60分钟或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应小心地用碳酸钠淬灭并将水层用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机层用水、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,和真空干燥。所得产物(NNNNNN,41.5g,275.0mmol,95%)用于下一步而无需进一步纯化。
步骤2:在0℃,向酯NNNNNN(41.5g,275.0mmol,1.0当量)在THF中的溶液(1500mL,0.2M)中加入2-甲基丙-2-醇钠(28.6g,288.3mmol,1.05当量)并将该反应混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后加入碘甲烷(34.3mL,549.1mmol,2.0当量)。将该反应物在室温搅拌1小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用氯化铵淬灭并真空除去过量的溶剂。然后将粗制物用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。过滤后,将所述混合物真空干燥。直接使用所得的甲酯(OOOOOO,41.3g,250mmol,91%)而无需纯化。
步骤3:在0℃,向甲酯OOOOOO(43.0g,260.3mmol,1.0当量)在THF中的溶液(1500mL,0.1M)中滴加氢化铝锂(312mL,312.4mmol,1.2当量,在THF中的溶液)。将该反应物逐渐温热至0℃持续30分钟且然后温热至室温持续1小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应小心地用水、氢氧化钠和水淬灭。搅拌该混合物30分钟后,将该白色沉淀物过滤掉并真空除去该溶剂。然后将该反应物用乙醚萃取并将合并的有机级分用水、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空干燥。直接使用所得醇(PPPPPP,30.0g,219.0mmol,84%)而无需纯化。
步骤4:在0℃,向醇PPPPPP(30.0g,219.0mmol,1.0当量)在二氯甲烷中的溶液(700mL,0.3M)中加入三乙胺(61.5mL,437.4mmol,2.0当量)和DMAP(2.7g,21.9mmol,0.1当量)。加入醋酸酐(24.8mL,262.4mmol,1.2当量)并将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用氯化铵淬灭,将有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并过滤。然后将所得溶液蒸发并在以下步骤中使用粗制乙酸酯(QQQQQQ,37.0g,206.0mmol,94%)而无需进一步纯化。
步骤5:将乙酸酯QQQQQQ(39.4g,219.8mmol,1.0当量)的溶液溶于乙醚(100mL),然后加入118g的硅胶。真空除去过量的乙醚并然后将该粗制固体稀释于pH 7水性缓冲液中(1970mL,0.1M)(氢氧化钠/磷酸二氢钠/水)。加入II型猪胰脂肪酶(3.3g,(15mg/mmol))并将该反应物在37℃搅拌4小时或直至TLC或LCMS确定反应完成。(4小时后,根据ELSD,转化率达到40%并通过手性SFC确定对映异构体过量,且显示出13:1S:R的对映异构比率)。(SFC条件:SFC Investigator(Waters/Thar),软件:Chromscope v1.2,方法:Isocratic 15%共溶剂95:5庚烷:IPA+0.1%DEA持续10分钟,柱:Lux-Amylose-2,4.6x250mm,5μm,总流量:4ml/min(3.80ml来自CO2泵,0.20ml来自改性剂泵),烘箱温度设定为35℃且系统压力设定为100巴,保留时间:所需和主要的(S)-对映异构体为6.9min,次要的(R)-对映异构体为8.4min)。将硅胶过滤掉并将水层用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。将产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷:乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂)纯化,得到所需醇(RRRRRR,12.5g,91mmol,41%)。
步骤6:在室温,向醇RRRRRR(12.5g,91.0mmol,1.00当量)在二氯甲烷(570mL,0.16M)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(13.9mL,100.1mmol,1.1当量)。将该反应物冷却至0℃和然后加入甲磺酰氯(7.44mL,95.5mmol,1.05当量)。将该反应物在0℃搅拌30分钟或直至用TLC或LCMS确定反应完成。将该反应用碳酸氢钠淬灭并分离层。然后将水层用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,并真空干燥。直接使用所得磺酸酯SSSSSS(19.2g,89mmol,98%)而无需额外的纯化。
步骤7:在室温,向磺酸酯SSSSSS(19.2g,89mmol,1.0当量)在DMF中的溶液(120mL,0.1M)中加入碳酸铯(40.7g,125.0mmol,1.4当量)和1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-硫醇(19.1g,107.1mmol,1.2当量)。将所得混合物在50℃搅拌48小时或直至用TLC或LCMS确定反应完成。将所述混合物冷却至室温,加入盐水并将水层用乙醚萃取三次。将合并的有机层用水、盐水洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。过滤后,真空除去溶剂并将残余物使用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到所需产物(TTTTTT,28.9g,88mmol,99%)。
步骤8:在-10℃,向硫化物TTTTTT(31.5g,105.9mmol,1.0当量)在EtOH中的溶液(700mL,0.1M)中加入四水合钼酸铵(6.5g,5.3mmol,0.05当量)和过氧化氢(108mL,1060mmol,5.0当量,33%水溶液)。将该反应物在-10℃搅拌4小时或直至用TLC或LCMS确定反应完成。将该反应用水和焦亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭。将粗制产物通过过滤收集并用硅胶柱色谱(己烷:乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂)纯化,得到所需产物(UUUUUU,23.2g,70.4mmol,66%)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:1.50(d,J=7.03Hz,3H)1.66(br.s.,1H)3.75(m,1H)3.94(dd,J=14.81,5.02Hz,1H)4.55(dd,J=14.68,7.91Hz,1H)7.14-7.22(m,2H)7.29(s,1H)7.57-7.70(m,6H)8.44-8.49(m,1H)。
然后将该无色油使用甲苯/庚烷(1/1)(每100mg化合物用1mL甲苯和1mL庚烷)进行重结晶。缓慢加热该混合物以混合这两种溶剂。将该混合物冷却至室温持续12h。(如果没有观察到重结晶,则向该溶液中加入一种晶体。该晶体将有助于通过引晶过程得到晶体。)晶体随时间缓慢形成。它们可通过过滤分离或通过移液管除去液体层。然后将该晶体用庚烷洗涤和然后用甲苯快速洗涤。在重结晶之前和之后分析该砜。(SFC条件:SFC条件:SFCInvestigator(Waters/Thar),软件:Chromscope v1.2,方法:Isocratic 10%共溶剂MeOH持续10分钟,柱:ChiralPak IC,4.6x250mm,5μm,总流量:4ml/min(3.80ml来自CO2泵,0.20ml来自改性剂泵),烘箱温度设定为35℃且系统压力设定为100巴,保留时间:所需且主要的(S)-对映异构体为3.5min,次要的(R)-对映异构体为3.8min)。
示例性合成化合物1
步骤1:合成乙酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-((R,2E,4E)-7-((2R,3R)-3-((2S,3S)-3-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)戊-2-基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基)-6-羟基-6-甲基庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)-7-羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯。在0℃和氮气下,将普拉二烯内酯D(F,5.3g,9.7mmol,1.0当量)在DMF(80mL,0.1M)中的溶液用咪唑(4.6g,67.8mmol,7.0当量)和TBSCl(7.3g,48.4mmol,5.0当量)处理。将该反应物温热至室温并搅拌20小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用乙酸乙酯萃取并将有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,和真空干燥。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂)纯化,得到所述所需产物(G,7.5g,9.6mmol,99%)。
步骤2:乙酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-((6R,E)-7-((2R,3S)-3-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)戊-2-基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基)-4,5,6-三羟基-6-甲基庚-2-烯-2-基)-7-羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯的合成。在0℃和氮气下,向烯烃G(7.6g,9.7mmol,1.0当量)在脱气的TEF:H2O(210mL:21mL,0.01M)中的溶液中加入四氧化锇(24.4mL,1.9mmol,0.2当量,2.5%在叔丁醇中的溶液),然后加入N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物(2.3g,19.5mmol,2.0当量)。将该反应物温热至室温并搅拌13小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用亚硫酸钠淬灭,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并将有机层用水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,且真空干燥。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇作为洗脱液)纯化,得到所需产物(H,6.8g,8.3mmol,86%)。
步骤3:乙酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-7-羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((E)-4-氧代丁-2-烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯的合成。在室温和氮气下,向二醇H(7.9g,9.7mmol,1.0当量)在苯中的溶液(350mL,0.03M)中加入四醋酸铅(8.6g,19.4mmol,2.0当量)。将该反应物搅拌30分钟或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应浓缩并用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液)纯化,得到所需产物(I,2.5g,5.26mmol,54%)。
步骤4:乙酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-7-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((E)-4-氧代丁-2-烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯的合成。在室温,向醛I(1.4g,2.9mmol,1.0当量)在THF中的溶液(9.5mL,0.5M)中加入乙氧基乙烯(11.1mL,40.0当量)和对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(0.07g,0.3mmol,0.1当量)。将该反应物搅拌24小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用碳酸氢钠淬灭并用乙酸乙酯稀释。将所述乙酸乙酯用水、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空干燥。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液)纯化,得到所需产物(J,1.2g,2.2mmol,75%)。
步骤5:乙酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-7-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基)酯的合成。在-78℃氮气下,向(S)-2-(l-((l-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)磺酰基)丙-2-基)吡啶(UUUUU)(695.0mg,2.1mmol,1.5当量)在THF中的溶液(20mL,0.06M)中滴加KHMDS(4.2mL,2.1mmol,1.5当量)并将该反应物搅拌20分钟。然后滴加在THF(1.0mL)中的醛J(780.0mg,1.4mmol,1.0当量)。将该反应物在-78℃搅拌90分钟并温热至-20℃持续1小时。将该反应用氯化铵淬灭,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并温热至室温。将该有机层用水、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空干燥。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液)纯化,得到所需Julia产物(K,490mg,0.7mmol,53%)。
步骤6:(4R,7R,8S,11S,E)-4-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-7-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-8-羟基-7,11-二甲基-12-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-9-烯-2-酮的合成。在室温,向乙酸酯K(490mg,0.7mmol,1.0当量)在甲醇中的溶液(15mL,0.05M)中加入碳酸钾(155mg,0.4mmol,1.5当量)。将该反应进行24小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用水淬灭,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空干燥。将所得泡沫状固体(L,459mg,0.7mmol,100%)直接用于下一步而无需进一步纯化。
步骤7:4-甲基哌嗪-1-甲酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-10-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-7-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯的合成。在室温下,向醇L(459mg,0.7mmol,1.0当量)在二氯甲烷中的溶液(0.5mL,0.1M)中加入N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(27.3mg,0.2mmol,0.3当量)和三乙胺(1.0mL,7.4mmol,10.0当量),然后加入氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯(451mg,02.2mmol,3.0当量)。将该反应物在室温搅拌3小时。接下来,在室温加入N-甲基-哌嗪(299mg,2.98mmol,4.0当量)。搅拌1小时后,将该反应用水淬灭并用二氯甲烷稀释。将有机层用1N氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,并将所述有机层浓缩。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂)纯化,得到所需产物(M,553mg,0.75mmol,100%)。
步骤8:4-甲基哌嗪-1-甲酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-7,10-二羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯(化合物1)的合成。在室温,向甲硅烷基醚(M,553mg,0.74mmol,1.0当量)在甲醇(20mL,0.04M)中的溶液中加入对甲氧基甲苯磺酸(425mg,2.2mmol,3.0当量)。将该反应物搅拌3小时或直至通过LCMS或TLC确定该反应完成。将该反应用碳酸氢钠淬灭并用乙酸乙酯稀释。将该有机层用水、盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并真空干燥。将所得油用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液)纯化,得到所需产物化合物1(184mg,0.33mmol,44%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:0.82-1.00(m,3H)1.22-1.48(m,8H)1.50-1.63(m,1H)1.66-1.83(m,4H)1.97(s,1H)2.07(s,1H)2.33(s,3H)2.40(br.s.,3H)2.45-2.68(m,3H)3.44-3.61(m,5H)3.74(dd,J=14.2,7.2Hz,2H)5.04(d,J=9.3Hz,1H)5.17(d,J=10.5Hz,1H)5.57-5.76(m,2H)6.02(dd,J=15.1,7.5Hz,1H)6.13(d,J=10.8Hz,1H)6.34(ddd,J=15.1,10.7,1.0Hz,1H)7.14(t,J=6.2Hz,1H)7.18(d,J=7.4Hz,1H)7.63(t,J=7.3Hz,1H)8.57(d,J=5.1Hz,1H)。MS(ES+)=556.4[M+H]。
示例性合成晶形1
将式I的游离碱化合物(290mg,0.52mmol,1wt,1vol)悬浮于MTBE(3.22g,11wt,4.35ml,15vol)且加热至轻微回流,由此形成白色沉淀。添加N-庚烷(2.98g,10.3wt,4.35ml,15vol)同时保持T-内部≥52℃。所得混合物在轻微回流下加热5分钟,经20分钟冷却至室温,然后进一步冷却至-5℃。在-5℃搅拌10分钟后,通过过滤收集白色沉淀,用正庚烷(1.50ml,5.2vol)和MTBE(0.50ml,1.7vol)的混合物冲洗,在氮气/真空下干燥5分钟,然后转移至小瓶且进一步真空干燥1小时以得到形式1,其为白色晶体粉末(206mg,0.37mmol,0.71wt,71%产率)。
示例性合成晶形1
将源自2批次的式I的游离碱化合物(8.17g+4.10g;总共12.27g,22.1mmol,1wt,1vol)合并至500ml烧瓶(3x 10ml THF用于转移)中且浓缩以得到16.41g黄色油状物,将其悬浮/溶于MTBE(61.4ml,5vol)。添加MTBE后不久形成一些白色沉淀。将混合物真空浓缩以进行溶剂交换,得到15.48g淡黄色固体(保留~3g溶剂)。添加MTBE(86ml,7vol)(25℃)且将混合物在50-53℃加热0.5小时以得到自由流动的悬浮液。添加正庚烷(86ml,7vol)同时保持T-内部≥50℃(超过10min)。停止加热且将混合物冷却至室温(0h:54℃;0.5h:38℃;1h:28℃;2.5h:25℃)。2.5小时后,通过过滤收集沉淀,用MTBE(10ml,0.82vol)和正庚烷(20ml,1.6vol)的混合物冲洗且在氮气/真空下干燥2小时以得到形式1,其为灰白色晶体粉末(9.05g,16.3mmol,0.74wt,73.8%产率)。
示例性合成晶形1
将式I的游离碱化合物(具有残余溶剂;379mg,0.682mmol,1wt,1vol,1eq)溶于MTBE(2.75ml,7vol)且加热至50℃(在约40℃形成白色沉淀)。添加正庚烷(2.75ml,7vol)同时保持T-内部大于50℃。添加完成后,将混合物冷却。1小时(25℃)后,通过过滤收集沉淀(施加超声处理以使固体松散),用MTBE(0.79ml,2vol)和正庚烷(0.79ml,2vol)的混合物冲洗且在氮气/真空下在环境温度干燥1小时以得到形式1,其为白色晶体粉末(205mg,0.37mmol,0.54wt,54%产率)。
示例性合成晶形1
将式I的游离碱化合物(0.380g,0.684mmol,1wt,1vol,1eq)溶于乙酸乙酯(1.14ml,3vol)且加热至65℃(在约40℃形成白色沉淀)。添加正庚烷(3.42ml,9vol)同时保持T-内部大于65℃。所得悬浮液冷却至室温且搅拌过夜。通过过滤收集沉淀(施加超声处理以使固体松散),用正庚烷(0.95ml,2.5vol)和乙酸乙酯(0.19ml,0.5vol)的混合物冲洗且在氮气/真空下干燥1小时以得到形式1,其为白色晶体粉末(230mg,0.414mmol,0.605wt,60.5%产率)。
X-射线粉末衍射
晶形1的XRPD衍射图使用X’Pert Pro衍射计(Yamato Scientific Co.,Ltd.)以传输模式获得。将样品放置在两个Mylar薄膜之间并用样品架固定。XRPD衍射图的分析条件示于下表2。
表2:XRPD衍射图的分析条件
X-射线源 | CuKα |
检测器 | 半导体阵列检测器 |
管电压 | 45kV |
管安培 | 40mA |
索勒狭缝 | 0.02弧度 |
扫描速度 | 0.042deg/min |
步长 | 0.017deg |
扫描范围 | 3至40deg |
表3:晶形1的示例性峰列表
图1包含晶形1的示例性XRPD衍射图。
单晶X-射线衍射
单晶X-射线衍射分析法用于解析晶形1的晶体结构。将式I的游离碱化合物(12.21mg)溶于乙酸乙酯(1mL)中,并加入正庚烷(1mL)。晶体通过在室温缓慢蒸发法生长1天。在玻璃纤维上放置无色单晶(0.3×0.2×0.1mm),在R-AXIS快速II-R成像板检测器系统(Rigaku)上在室温以ω轴振荡方法收集衍射数据,其使用石墨单色Cu-Kα辐射。
晶形1的晶体数据和结构细化数据总结在表4中。该解析的结构被认为包含两分子的式I的游离碱化合物,这两个分子的取向在每个晶胞中几乎彼此相反。
图6为提出的形式1的晶体堆积的描述。
表4:晶形I的晶体数据和结构细化
用研钵和研杵研磨晶形1的样品导致X射线衍射图的变化,如图7所示,可表明形成无定形材料。
在以下条件下对晶形1进行固态稳定性研究:
在25℃储存7和14天
在40℃/75%RH(开放)储存7和14天
在60℃储存7和14天
在这些条件下没有观察到显著的降解,并且在40℃/75%RH(开放)下储存14天的样品的XRPD和TGA-DSC分析显示结晶度没有变化。
生物测试
细胞活力测定方案
将细胞(获自ATCC的WiDr和Panc05.04)以2000个细胞/100μL/孔接种到96孔板中并培养过夜。除去废培养基并加入含有9个不同浓度的化合物的新鲜培养基(100μL/孔),将化合物储备溶液的DMSO浓度调节至0.1%。将各化合物在各浓度以一式两份或一式三份进行处理。
将接种有细胞的另一板作为时间零点(Tz)板,向其中加入在培养基中的0.1%DMSO(100μL/孔),然后加入试剂(Promega Corporation,Madison,Wisconsin)(50μL/孔)用于作为细胞活力替代的ATP测量。将该板多个孔的测量平均值用作Tz。
将用化合物处理的板在37℃培养72小时。然后,加入试剂(50μL/孔)并测量ATP。将用化合物一式二份或一式三份处理的孔的测量平均值用作Ti,并将具有含0.1%DMSO而不含化合物的培养基的接种板用作对照生长(C)。
生长抑制百分比/存活百分比按如下计算:
[(Ti-Tz)/(C-Tz)]x 100,针对其中Ti>/=Tz的浓度
[(Ti-Tz)/Tz]x 100,针对其中Ti<Tz的浓度。
*时间零点(Tz)、对照生长(C)和在化合物的存在下的测试生长(Ti)
将生长抑制百分比/存活百分比对比化合物浓度进行作图以确定Emax。
由[(Ti-Tz)/(C-Tz)]x 100=50计算50%的生长抑制(GI50),其是在化合物处理过程中导致对照生长(C)中ATP的净增加减少50%的药物浓度。
体外剪接(生物化学)测定方案
通过体外转录制备具有缺失间插序列(Ad2)的第二型腺病毒构建体的生物素标记的前体mRNA(Berg,M.G.,等人。2012Mol.Cell Bio.,32(7):1271-83)。通过基因合成产生含有外显子1(41个核苷酸)、内含子(231个核苷酸)和外显子2(72个核苷酸)的Ad2构建体并通过(South Plainfield,New Jersey)克隆至/>载体(Promega)的EcoRI和XbaI位点。然后通过XbaI消化将该质粒线性化,并纯化。根据制造商的说明,分别使用/>T7转录试剂盒(InvitrogenTM,Life TechnologiesTM,Grand Island,NewYork)和MEGAclearTM转录纯化试剂盒(InvitrogenTM,Life TechnologiesTM,Grand Island,New York)对被转录的前体mRNA进行体外转录和纯化。生物素-16-UTP(Roche DiagnosticsCorporation,Indianapolis,Indiana)与冷的UTP的比例为1:13,以使每个剪接的Ad2 mRNA结合大约两个生物素分子。
在30℃,在25μL含有95μg HeLa核提取物(Promega Corporation,Madison,Wisconsin)、47nM Ad2前体mRNA、25U RNasin RNA酶抑制剂(Promega Corporation,Madison,Wisconsin)、1X SP缓冲液(0.5mM ATP,20mM磷酸肌酸,1.6mM MgCl2)和在DMSO中的化合物(1%最终浓度的DMSO)的反应混合物中进行体外剪接测试。培养90min后,通过加入18μL的5M NaCl将该反应终止,并在室温将该混合物用10μL的M-280抗生蛋白链菌素包被的磁珠(InvitrogenTM,Life TechnologiesTM,Grand Island,New York)培养30min以捕获Ad2前体mRNA和已剪接的mRNA。将该珠用含有10mM Tris pH=7.5、1mM EDTA和2M NaCl的100uL缓冲液洗涤两次,并然后在70℃的含有95%甲酰胺的装载RNA凝胶的缓冲液中培养10min以洗脱所述RNA。将Ad2 RNA用6%TBE-UREA凝胶溶解,转移到尼龙膜(UV交联的),并用标记的抗生蛋白链菌素(LI-COR,Lincoln,Nebraska)探测。通过使用LI-CORImage Studio软件测量条带的荧光强度(band fluorescent intensity)来定量剪接RNA的量。
结果
数据报道于下面的表5中。Emax是指在测试剂量范围内对化合物的最大可实现响应(maximum achievable response),其具有负值,指示细胞死亡。较大的负数Emax值表示对特定化合物较大的细胞死亡。
WIDr-R细胞是结肠癌细胞,其具有化学诱导的R1074H突变并且已显示出在生长抑制方面对普拉二烯内酯B具有抗性(Yokoi,A.,等人.,2011 FEBS Journal,278:4870-4880)。在这个存活力测试中用“抗性”WiDr-R细胞系对化合物的反向筛选可指示这些化合物是否具有脱靶效应。在抗性WiDr-R细胞系中缺乏生长抑制(GI50)活性但在亲本WiDr细胞系中维持活性的化合物表明机制中的(on-mechanism)剪接调节是在亲本WiDr细胞系中观察到的生长抑制的原因。
上述体外剪接(IVS)测定是监测对示例性前体mRNA剪接成mRNA的抑制的生物化学测定。这种生物化学测定使研究人员能够评估在何种化合物浓度下,该具体转录物的剪接在非细胞环境中被抑制,且用于证明机械性剪接抑制活性。
表5:化合物1的生物活性
关键词
Pane 05.04细胞:胰腺癌细胞,突变体SF3B1细胞系(在SF3B1中的Q699H和K700E突变)
WiDr细胞:结肠癌细胞(野生型SF3B1)
WiDr-R细胞:结肠癌细胞(化学诱导的SF3B1突变体,其对E7107(R1074H突变)有抗性)
Claims (15)
1.化合物1的晶形1,其中所述化合物1为4-甲基哌嗪-1-甲酸(2S,3S,6S,7R,10R,E)-7,10-二羟基-3,7-二甲基-12-氧代-2-((R,2E,4E)-6-(吡啶-2-基)庚-2,4-二烯-2-基)氧杂环十二-4-烯-6-基酯,且其中所述化合物1的晶形1的特征在于XRPD衍射图如图1所示。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物1的晶形1,其中化合物1是立体异构体纯的。
3.药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1或2的化合物1的晶形1和至少一种选自以下的其它组分:药物可接受的载体、药物可接受的媒介物和药物可接受的赋形剂。
4.药物组合物,其由根据权利要求1或2的化合物1的晶形1和至少一种选自以下的其它组分组成:药物可接受的载体、药物可接受的媒介物和药物可接受的赋形剂。
5.根据权利要求3或4的药物组合物,其中所述化合物1的晶形1以治疗有效量存在。
6.根据权利要求1或2的化合物1的晶形1或根据权利要求3或4的药物组合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途,其中所述癌症选自骨髓增生异常综合征、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒单核细胞白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、结肠癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、葡萄膜黑素瘤、胃癌、胆管癌和肺癌。
7.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为结肠癌。
8.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为胰腺癌。
9.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为慢性粒单核细胞白血病。
10.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为骨髓增生异常综合征。
11.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为慢性淋巴细胞性白血病。
12.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为急性成淋巴细胞性白血病。
13.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述癌症为急性骨髓性白血病。
14.根据权利要求6-13任一项的的用途,其中所述癌症对剪接体基因或蛋白中的一种或多种突变呈阳性。
15.根据权利要求14的用途,其中所述剪接体基因或蛋白质为剪接因子3B亚基1。
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