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CN108452426A - 一种基于液电效应的球囊导管 - Google Patents

一种基于液电效应的球囊导管 Download PDF

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CN108452426A
CN108452426A CN201810220217.1A CN201810220217A CN108452426A CN 108452426 A CN108452426 A CN 108452426A CN 201810220217 A CN201810220217 A CN 201810220217A CN 108452426 A CN108452426 A CN 108452426A
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foley
tube
electrode
electrohydraulic effect
sacculus
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盛卫文
朱平
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Shanghai Heart To Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Heart To Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810220217.1A priority Critical patent/CN108452426A/zh
Publication of CN108452426A publication Critical patent/CN108452426A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/078214 priority patent/WO2019174625A1/zh
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    • A61B17/22004Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于液电效应的球囊导管,包括内腔管、球囊、导电液体、电极对和脉冲电源;内腔管被配置为贯通球囊内部,且与球囊沿长度方向同轴;球囊被配置为密闭于内腔管外表面;导电液体被配置为填充球囊内部;电极对被配置为固定于球囊内部的内腔管外表面,数量为一个或多个;脉冲电源提供电极对放电所需的脉冲电压,并通过导线与电极对相连;电极对得电后击穿正负极放电间隙处的导电液体,产生冲击波。本发明体积小巧,通过基于液电效应的电极放电产生可控的冲击波,微创高效地清除血管钙化灶,尤其适用于血管的非集中式钙化灶治疗。

Description

一种基于液电效应的球囊导管
技术领域
本发明涉及血管成形手术装置领域,尤其涉及一种基于液电效应的球囊导管。
背景技术
主动脉钙化,是钙沉积物在心血管的主动脉瓣膜上的累积。严重时,钙沉积物的变厚会使得主动脉开口变窄,血流减少,引起胸痛或心脏病。当前,对主动脉钙化尚无有效的治疗方案。现有临床治疗手段包括监测动脉钙化进一步发展,或药物介入降低胆固醇水平;待瓣膜严重变窄,通过血管成型手术进行治疗。
血管成形手术,是在血管中内置可扩张球囊,通过球囊快速扩张的机械应力作用于钙化灶,使之破碎。但血管成型手术只适用于集中式的大块钙化沉积物,无法处理分散或者深入到心室的钙化灶,除钙效率较低且不彻底;另外,球囊快速扩张会导致血管壁的压力突变,容易损伤血管甚至引起血栓,因而治疗效果有一定的风险性。考虑到疾病的“早发现、早治疗”以及碎石术现在已经成熟地用于泌尿系统结石或胆囊结石的治疗,因此使用碎石方法产生冲击波对轻微钙化的血管介入治疗,是一种对血管创伤较小且可行的替代治疗手段。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力开发一种体积小巧、对血管损伤小并且除钙效率较高的基于液电效应的球囊导管。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何通过合理的设计,研究一种对血管损伤小并且除钙效率较高,同时体积小巧的基于液电效应的球囊导管装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于液电效应的球囊导管,包括内腔管、球囊、导电液体和电极对;其中,所述内腔管被配置为贯通所述球囊内部;所述球囊内部填充有所述导电液体;所述电极对被配置为固定于所述球囊内部的所述内腔管外表面。
进一步地,所述电极对包括一个或多个尖端型电极对。
进一步地,所述电极对的正极和负极为针尖型,且尖端相对;所述正极与所述负极之间的放电间隙被配置为沿所述内腔管方向或垂直所述内腔管方向。
进一步地,所述球囊导管还包括脉冲电源,所述脉冲电源提供所述电极对放电所需的脉冲电压,并通过导线与所述电极对相连。
进一步地,所述脉冲电源电压范围为400V~5000V,控制放电的持续时间为1~3us。
进一步地,多个所述电极对沿所述内腔管的长度方向均匀分布,所述放电间隙长度范围为50μm~2mm,且多个所述电极对的正负极被配置为并联连接。
进一步地,所述内腔管为中空圆柱体。
进一步地,所述球囊导管还配置有固定于所述内腔管表面的传感器,所述波传感器与所述脉冲电源相连;根据所述传感器的信号,所述脉冲电源调整尖端放电持续时间和输出能量。
进一步地,所述导电液体包括生理盐水和造影液中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述球囊导管还配置有两个不透射线的显影标记,被设置为标记所述球囊的圆柱形部分的长度。
本发明通过基于液电效应的电极放电产生冲击波,通过调节冲击波的持续时间和释放能量,可以高效地清除各类强度的钙化斑;同时设置了传感器等配置,可根据人体内实时情况,调整放电时间和脉冲大小,尤其适用于血管的非集中式钙化灶治疗。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个具体较佳实施例的基于液电效应的球囊导管示意图;
图2是本发明另一个具体较佳实施例的基于液电效应的球囊导管示意图;
图3是本发明另一个具体较佳实施例的基于液电效应的球囊导管示意图;
图4是本发明另一个具体较佳实施例的基于液电效应的球囊导管的局部内腔管透视图;
附图标记说明:1-内腔管;2-球囊;3-导电液体;4-第一电极对;5-第二电极对;6-脉冲电源;7-传感器。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明,使其技术内容更加清楚和便于理解。本发明可以通过不同形式的实施例来得以体现,本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例。
附图所示的每一组件的尺寸和厚度是任意示出的,本发明并没有限定每个组件的尺寸和厚度。为了使图示更清晰,附图中有些地方适当夸大了部件的厚度。
如图1所示,是本发明的一个具体较佳应用实施例,包括内腔管1、球囊2、导电液体3、电极对和脉冲电源6。内腔管1被配置为贯通球囊2内部,且与球囊2沿长度方向同轴;球囊2被配置为密闭于内腔管1外表面;导电液体3被配置为填充球囊2内部;电极对由第一电极对4和第二电极对5组成;第一电极对4和第二电极对5沿内腔管1方向被固定于球囊2内部的内腔管1外表面,第一电极对4的正极与第二电极对5的正极通过导线相连,第一电极对4的负极与第二电极对5的负极通过导线相连;脉冲电源6提供尖端放电所需的脉冲电压,并通过导线与第一电极对4和第二电极对5相连。
本实施例中,内腔管1为中空圆柱体。脉冲电源6与第一电极对4和第二电极对5相连的导线放置于内腔管1的内腔,并通过内腔管1侧壁的贯通口与第一电极对4和第二电极对5相连。为更好地应用于弯曲的血管,优选地,内腔管1选用绝缘软性材料。
本实施例中,导电液体3填充量应为球囊2在无形变状态下的自然内腔体积。在脉冲电源6的作用下,第一电极对4和第二电极对5的正负极尖端放电或弧光放电,击穿放电间隙处的导电液体3,导电液体3产生大量气泡,气泡膨胀与消失的应力会产生冲击波,冲击波传递到病灶部位,会软化和破裂钙化斑,从而达到消除钙化灶、畅通血管的目的。优选地,导电液体3选用3%~5%的碳酸氢钠溶液、生理盐水和造影液中的一种或多种。尖端放电下,碳酸氢钠溶液、生理盐水和造影液中的一种或者混合液,通过自身的可逆反应可以快速产生二氧化碳或者汽化气体;尖端放电脉冲消失,气体或气泡不再产生,恢复球囊初始状态。
本实施例中,第一电极对4和第二电极对5的正极采用直径0.1~0.2mm的铂电极,负极采用直径0.1~0.2mm的铜电极。铂铜电极沿内腔管1方向在外表面形成的间断口,为第一电极对4和第二电极对5的放电间隙。考虑到尖端放电相对于电弧放电有更低的击穿电压和更小的电极对和放电间隙,为进一步优化装置体积,优选地,电极放电采用尖端放电。
本实施例中,为更好地发挥液电冲击波的效果,且尽量降低对血管的损伤,优选地,所述球囊2外表面不与血管壁接触,所述第一电极4与第二电极5与钙化灶区域直线距离为1~3mm,且放电间隙长度范围为50μm~2mm。
图2所示为本发明的另一较佳具体实施例。本实施例中,第一电极对4和第二电极对5的正负极沿内腔管1垂直方向在外表面形成的间断口,为第一电极对4和第二电极对5的放电间隙。为更好地保证尖端放电效果,优选地,放电间隙的内腔管1外表面圆形横截面圆弧长度为50μm~2mm。
图3和图4所示为本发明的另一较佳具体实施例,在本实施例中,球囊2为葫芦形。
本实施例中,第一电极对4和第二电极对5所在的内腔管1外表面设置有5mm长度的电极对滑动凹槽;装置还配有自动调节系统,主要包括固定于内腔管1表面的传感器7;传感器7可以为温度传感器或者幅度传感器等,可以反馈球囊导管处的温度和冲击波的信号强度,且传感器7与脉冲电源6相连。当传感器7感受到的温度超高或者振动幅度过大时,脉冲电源6可以降低放电脉冲幅值或者缩短放电时间;当传感器7感受到的温度不够或者振动幅度过小时,脉冲电源6可以升高放电脉冲幅值或者加长放电时间。此外通过传感器7反馈的信号强度,可以随时调整外部电脉冲的能量大小,达到精准控制的目的。优选地,脉冲电源6的脉冲持续时间为1~3us,脉冲能量为30~100mJ,脉冲电压为400V~5000V。
球囊导管还配置有两个不透射线的显影标记,被设置为标记所述球囊的圆柱形部分的长度,可以显现球囊的有效长度。优选地,内腔管选用金属或者PE、PVC、PU及涂层材料,采用金属可以提高内腔管的刚度;而采用PE、PVC、PU及涂层材料,可以提高柔性度,不对血管造成损伤。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,包括内腔管、球囊、导电液体和电极对;其中,所述内腔管被配置为贯通所述球囊内部;所述球囊内部填充有所述导电液体;所述电极对被配置为固定于所述球囊内部的所述内腔管外表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述电极对包括一个或多个尖端型电极对。
3.如权利要求2所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述电极对的正极和负极为针尖型,且尖端相对;所述正极与所述负极之间的放电间隙被配置为沿所述内腔管方向或垂直所述内腔管方向。
4.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述球囊导管还包括脉冲电源,所述脉冲电源提供所述电极对放电所需的脉冲电压,并通过导线与所述电极对相连。
5.如权利要求4所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述脉冲电源电压范围为400V~5000V,控制放电的持续时间为1~3us。
6.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,多个所述电极对沿所述内腔管的长度方向均匀分布,所述放电间隙长度范围为50μm~2mm,且多个所述电极对的正负极被配置为并联连接。
7.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述内腔管为中空圆柱体。
8.如权利要求4所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述球囊导管还配置有固定于所述内腔管表面的传感器,所述波传感器与所述脉冲电源相连;根据所述传感器的信号,所述脉冲电源调整尖端放电持续时间和输出能量。
9.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述导电液体包括生理盐水和造影液中的一种或多种。
10.如权利要求1所述的基于液电效应的球囊导管,其特征在于,所述球囊导管还配置有两个不透射线的显影标记,被设置为标记所述球囊的圆柱形部分的长度。
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