CN108419590B - Method for improving transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings, which comprises the following steps of (1) building an arched shed, ensuring the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%, arranging a plurality of planting grooves in the arched shed, and filling matrixes with proper humidity in the planting grooves; (2) selecting embryo seedlings with 3-5 true leaves as transplanting group embryo seedlings for transplanting; (3) keeping the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%, watering after 5-7 days, thoroughly watering once when the embryo seedlings grow new roots and leaves, and watering when the matrix is dry; (4) transplanting seedlings: and (4) selecting the weak sunlight intensity or the cloudy day, transplanting the survival peach embryo seedlings which are transplanted for 7-9 days to a seedling field, and carrying out normal growth and management. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo seedlings is remarkably improved to more than 99.3%, the process is simple and convenient, the workload of transplanting seedlings is remarkably reduced, the adaptation period of the seedlings growing in the seedling field environment is also remarkably shortened, and the seedlings are strong and have developed root systems.

Description

Method for improving transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of peach seedling raising, in particular to a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings.

Background

Peach (A)Prunus Persica) The method is a perennial woody plant, is used as a perennial fruit tree, has long breeding period and large workload of the peach, and accelerates the breeding process of the peach due to the development of tissue culture. The early-maturing peaches have high economic benefit and are one of the important directions for variety breeding. When parents are selected, the early-maturing peach variety has short fruit development period and incomplete embryo development, and the conventional sowing method is often incapable of seedling emergence or low in germination rate, so that the selection of the early-maturing peach variety is hindered. The adoption of the peach embryo culture technology can overcome the early abortion of the embryo in distant hybridization breeding of the peach and select and breed excellent ultra-early-maturing varieties at the same time. At present, peach breeders in China do a lot of work on the aspect of early-maturing peach embryo cultureAnd a plurality of excellent early maturing varieties are cultivated. However, the seedling rate of embryo culture is low, the maximum seedling rate is only 70%, and the breeding efficiency of the early-maturing peaches is severely restricted by the imperfection of the embryo culture seedling transplanting technology. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the embryo culture seedling transplantation technology of early ripe peaches deeply.

After embryo culture, most seedlings have developed root systems, but a part of the root systems are few and weak in growth potential. The improper selection of the substrate type and the control of the substrate humidity often cause the occurrence of root diseases and insect pests, and the phenomenon of seedling death after transplantation often occurs, so that the survival rate is low when the seedling is transplanted to a field.

Therefore, the establishment of a suitable transplanting technology system to improve the survival rate of peach seedlings is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings, and aims to solve the problems of low transplanting survival rate of early ripe peach embryo seedlings, unstable growth of seedlings transplanted to a field and thin and weak seedling bodies.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings is designed, which comprises the following steps,

(1) preparing a substrate: preparing a matrix one week before transplanting the peach embryo seedlings, fully contacting the matrix with water, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix until the matrix is loose, holds the matrix into a ball, loosens the matrix when the matrix is loosened, has slight moisture sensation on hands and does not seep water;

(2) setting a transplanting field of the embryo seedlings: arranging a plurality of planting grooves in an arched shed covered by a white plastic film, filling the matrix in the planting grooves, and controlling the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%;

(3) selecting and hardening seedlings: 2-3 d before transplanting, selecting peach embryo seedlings with good growth vigor, putting the peach embryo seedlings in a conventional greenhouse for hardening seedlings, and selecting the peach embryo seedlings with 3-5 true leaves as transplanting group embryo seedlings;

(4) transplanting of group embryo seedlings

a. Seedling revival: transplanting the transplanting group peach embryo seedlings to planting grooves in an arched shed, carrying out seedling revival after 1d, continuing for 5-7 d, opening ventilation openings of the arched shed every day, closing at night, keeping ventilation in the arched shed, and keeping the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%;

b. management: after the seedling reviving is finished, continuously keeping the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%, watering after the embryo seedlings send out new leaves, thoroughly watering at one time, and watering next time when the matrix is dry;

(4) transplanting seedling fields: and (4) selecting the strong and uniform peach embryo seedlings which are transplanted for 7-9 days and have weak sunlight intensity or are in cloudy days, transplanting the peach embryo seedlings to a seedling field, and carrying out normal growth and management.

Preferably, the peach embryo seedlings are embryo seedlings of early-maturing peach varieties with the maturation stage being 30 days before 6 months.

Preferably, in step (1), the substrate is imported danish toprim peat with a pH of 6.0.

Preferably, in step (1), the substrate is coated with a plastic film after being prepared.

Preferably, in step (1), the size of the arch is 1.5 × 5 m.

Preferably, in step (2), an ultrasonic air humidifier is used to control the humidity of the air in the arch.

Preferably, in the step (4), the transplanting time of the tissue culture seedling is 6 to 11 months per year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

1. the application overcomes the conventional technical means in the field, the seedlings are not directly watered after the embryo seedlings are transplanted, but the seedlings are firstly revived after the embryo seedlings are transplanted, the moisture required by the growth of the plants is maintained by controlling the air humidity in the arched shed, and the moisture dissipated by the plants due to transpiration is compensated, so that the rotting of the root systems and the rhizome parts of the plants caused by excessive watering and the problems of leaf burning and yellow leaf burning during the hardening and reviving of the seedlings are avoided, the air permeability of the matrix can be effectively kept, the phenomenon that the plants die due to rotten roots is fundamentally avoided, the adaptation period of the seedlings to the growth environment is obviously shortened, and the seedlings grow healthily and have developed root systems.

2. The invention reduces the occurrence of root rot by controlling the humidity of the matrix of the transplanted peach embryo cultured seedlings, increases the humidity of the air at the upper part of the plant, compensates the water lost by transpiration, remarkably improves the survival rate of the peach embryo cultured seedlings, and simultaneously improves the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings to more than 99.3 percent.

3. The matrix used in the invention does not need to be disinfected, and can be directly used, so that the workload during seedling transplanting is greatly reduced; the ultrasonic air humidifier is adopted to continuously spray instead of manual work so as to ensure the air humidity required by seedling revival, and only the ultrasonic air humidifier needs to be arranged in advance, so that the humidification range can be effectively ensured to be uniform and good in effect, and the labor intensity of workers is also obviously reduced.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. The instruments and devices referred to in the following examples are conventional instruments and devices unless otherwise specified; the management methods involved are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Example 1: a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings,

test area: a certain peach tree breeding garden in Zhengzhou city, Henan province;

time: the transplanting time of the invention is suitable for 10 months to 12 months per year. The specific test time of the embodiment is 10 months to 12 months in 2017;

and (3) peach embryo variety: the early-maturing peach variety with the maturing stage of 6 months and 30 days before is selected, and the embryo seedling of the variety is used as the test material. In this embodiment, medium oil 13 peach embryo seedlings are specifically used as an example.

1. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) matrix preparation and selection: imported Denmark toprim Peat (The Sphagnum Peat) was used as a substrate, pH 6.0. Blending with tap water in late 10 months of 2017 to make the matrix fully contact with water, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix until the matrix is loose, held by hand to form a ball, loosened and slightly moist, and no water exudes. After the matrix is prepared, the plastic film is used for covering and moisturizing, and the matrix is in full contact with moisture, so that the matrix is loosened, uniform in humidity and good in air permeability, and is used after one week.

(2) Setting a transplanting field of the embryo seedlings: after one week, an arch shed of 1.5 multiplied by 5m is built in the selected experimental area so that the embryo seedlings can be transplanted into the arch shed, then the embryo seedlings are covered by a white transparent plastic film, and an ultrasonic air humidifier is arranged in the arch shed so as to ensure that the air humidity in the arch shed is more than 95 percent. A plurality of planting grooves are arranged in the arched shed, and the planting grooves are filled with the prepared matrix with proper humidity. The adopted ultrasonic air humidifier is of a type of joint reputation H-010 and purchased from commander electrical equipment Limited company in Zhongshan city.

(3) Hardening and selecting seedlings: selecting peach embryo seedlings with good growth vigor, placing the peach embryo seedlings in a conventional greenhouse, culturing the embryo seedlings, and selecting the peach embryo seedlings with 3-5 main leaves as transplanting group embryo seedlings;

(4) transplanting the group embryo seedlings: and transplanting the group of embryo seedlings into a planting groove of an arched shed, and rejuvenating the seedlings after 1 day of transplanting, wherein the duration of the rejuvenating is 5-7 days. During the seedling reviving period, the ventilation opening of the arched shed is opened every day, the arched shed is closed at night, ventilation and ventilation in the arched shed are kept, the mist output of the ultrasonic air humidifier is increased, and the air humidity in the arched shed is ensured to be more than 95%;

and after the seedling revival is finished, keeping the leaves of the newly transplanted peach embryo seedlings covered with water mist, watering the embryo seedlings after the embryo seedlings grow new roots and leaves in the planting grooves, thoroughly watering at one time, and watering next time when the matrix is dry.

(5) Transplanting seedling fields: and (3) when the sunlight intensity is weak or the sunshine is cloudy, transplanting the peach embryo seedlings which grow strongly and uniformly after being transplanted into an arched shed for 7-9 days into a seedling field, and performing conventional growth and management. In addition, the plant can be supplemented with light artificially as required.

2. Investigation of growth of seedlings in seedling field

Respectively selecting 120 robust embryonic seedlings with 3-5 true leaves as test groups 1-3, and setting each group for 3 times; and simultaneously selecting 360 peach seedlings with the same size and growth vigor as those of the test groups 1-3, correspondingly using the seedlings as control groups 1-3, and setting three repeats in each group. Wherein, the embryo seedlings of the test groups 1 to 3 are transplanted according to the method of the embodiment 1, the embryo seedlings of the control groups 1 to 3 are transplanted according to the conventional method, and the conventional and same management mode is adopted after the peach embryo seedlings are transplanted to the seedling field. Then, the transplanting survival rate, rooting condition and disease condition of each group of plants after being transplanted to the seedling field for 15d, 30d and 60d are respectively counted according to a conventional method, the counting result is calculated according to the average value of each group, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 growth and transplanting conditions of peach seedlings in test and control groups

。

The data in table 1 are compared and analyzed, and it can be seen that after peach seedlings are transplanted to a seedling field for field planting and growth by the method described in the present invention, the seedlings grow consistently and the seedlings are robust, compared with a control group, the root systems of the peach seedlings in the test group are rich and robust, the overall expression is that the root systems are developed, the transplanting survival rate is greatly improved compared with that in the control group, and the overall effect is obviously better than that in the control group no matter whether the peach seedlings are transplanted for 15 days, 30 days or 60 days.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes can be made in the specific parameters of the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and that various specific embodiments are formed, which are common variations of the present invention and will not be described in detail herein.

Claims (5)

1. A method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo cultured seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps,

(1) preparing a substrate: preparing a matrix one week before transplanting the peach embryo seedlings, and fully contacting the matrix with water, wherein the humidity of the matrix is prepared until the matrix is loose, holds the matrix into a ball, loosens the matrix when the matrix is loosened, has slight moisture sensation on hands and does not seep out water;

the substrate is imported Denmark topil peat with pH of 6.0;

(2) setting a peach embryo seedling culture and transplanting field: arranging a plurality of planting grooves in an arched shed covered by a white plastic film, filling the matrix in the planting grooves, and controlling the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%; the size of the arched shed is 1.5m multiplied by 5 m;

(3) selecting and hardening seedlings: 2-3 d before transplanting, selecting peach embryo cultured seedlings with good growth vigor, putting the peach embryo cultured seedlings in a conventional greenhouse for hardening seedlings, and selecting the peach embryo cultured seedlings with 3-5 true leaves as group embryo seedlings;

(4) transplanting of grouped embryo seedlings

a. Seedling revival: transplanting the group of embryo seedlings to a planting groove in an arched shed, carrying out seedling revival after 1d for 5-7 d, opening a ventilation opening of the arched shed every day in the seedling revival process, closing the ventilation opening at night, keeping ventilation in the arched shed, and maintaining the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%;

b. management: after the seedling reviving is finished, continuously maintaining the air humidity in the arched shed to be more than 95%, watering after the group of embryo seedlings send out new leaves, thoroughly watering at one time, and watering next time when the matrix is dry;

(5) Transplanting seedling fields: and (4) selecting the weak sunlight intensity or the cloudy day, transplanting the strong and uniform-growth embryo-grouped seedlings which are transplanted for 7-9 days to a seedling field, and carrying out normal growth and management.

2. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the peach embryo cultured seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the peach embryo cultured seedlings are early-maturing peach embryo cultured seedlings with a maturation stage of 6 months and 30 days ago.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of transplanting peach embryo cultured seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the prepared matrix is covered with a plastic film for moisture preservation.

4. The method for improving the survival rate of transplanting peach embryo cultured seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), an ultrasonic air humidifier is used for controlling the air humidity in the arched shed.

5. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of peach embryo culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the transplanting time of the group of embryo seedlings is 6 to 11 months per year.