CN108357849B - Underground water-sealed cave depot system and underground water-sealed cave depot oil storage method - Google Patents
Underground water-sealed cave depot system and underground water-sealed cave depot oil storage method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108357849B CN108357849B CN201810019682.9A CN201810019682A CN108357849B CN 108357849 B CN108357849 B CN 108357849B CN 201810019682 A CN201810019682 A CN 201810019682A CN 108357849 B CN108357849 B CN 108357849B
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Abstract
The invention provides underground water hole sealing warehouse systems with pressure regulating air chambers and underground water hole sealing warehouse oil storage methods, wherein the pressure regulating air chambers arranged above oil storage caverns are utilized to meet the requirements of gas phase space caused by oil storage capacity and physical change of oil medium, and meanwhile, the pressure difference between the oil pressure in the oil storage cavern and the underground water pressure outside the cavern can be balanced and regulated by controlling the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chambers, so that the effect of reducing the underground water inflow in the cavern is exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground water-sealed cave depots, in particular to underground water-sealed cave depots with pressure regulating air chambers, and further relates to a underground water-sealed cave depot oil storage method.
Background
In 1939, the sweden Jansson proposed the idea of storing oil directly in unlined caverns below the ground water level and applied for the invention patent at the end of the 40 th 20 th century, the sweden built th underground unlined oil depot with fluorite pits, which was th successful use of underground cavern mode to store heavy fuel oil, around the 60 th 20 th century, sweden built th underground unlined oil depot based on fixed water cushion, and thereafter underground water sealed cavern oil reservoirs (i.e., underground water sealed cavern reservoirs) began to be built around the world to gain universal application.
Referring to fig. 1, the principle of the underground water-sealed rock cavern oil storage technology widely applied to at present is very simple, and comprises that in depth underground rock below a stable underground water level line, caverns with constant volume are excavated manually, and oil is stored in the caverns by utilizing the water sealing effect of stable underground water, the water sealing means that hydrostatic pressure of underground water is utilized to realize hydraulic sealing on the excavated caverns, and the basic principle is that because the hydrostatic pressure of underground water in rock body cracks below the stable underground water level is greater than the oil storage hydrostatic pressure in the caverns, oil is always sealed in closed cavern spaces formed by rock walls and crack water, so that the oil cannot leak out, meanwhile, because of different specific gravity of oil and water, the oil and the water cannot be mixed, the oil is placed in a water surrounding mode by utilizing the principle that the water is heavier than the oil, and therefore, the ideal state can ensure that only water seeps into the caverns but cannot leak out of the caverns, and the oil is always located above the rock walls along the caverns to form a water cushion (cushion) in the water storage chamber, thereby achieving the purpose.
In addition, according to the variation of the water level in the cavern (i.e. the water level at the interface of the water cushion, or the water level at the interface of the oil and water), the commonly used oil storage methods include a fixed water level method and a variable water level method, which are respectively shown in fig. 2 and 3. It can be seen from the figure that the fixed water level method and the variable water level method have no great difference in water seal principle, but the former mainly controls the water level, and the latter mainly controls the oil level, but the two methods have essential difference in oil storage mode.
The storage principle of the fixed water level method is similar to that of an underground vault oil storage tank, a gas phase space of percent needs to be reserved during storage from the aspect of oil product storage process control, namely the filling coefficient of a cavern is not smaller than 0.95, and an operation pressure of percent is kept, besides the height of a water cushion layer, the expansion amount (10 degrees according to the maximum temperature difference) of crude oil and the residual oil inlet amount in a pipeline 10-15 minutes after an oil inlet valve is cut off in an alarm manner when the storage liquid level in the cavern reaches a specified value, the fixed water level method can cause two technical problems that is , evaporated oil and gas possibly escape upwards along cracks of surrounding rocks at the top of the cavern in a long-term storage process, so that a safety hazard is generated, theoretically, a water sealing barrier can also ensure that gas leakage cannot be avoided even if underground water is arranged above the cavern, however, all cracks cannot be ensured to be filled with water, the oil and gas leakage often occurs in practical engineering, the situation that the oil and gas leakage often occurs frequently occurs, in order to ensure that the oil leakage, people can not escape, the leakage is prevented, the water leakage of the underground water leakage is still almost completely covered by a water leakage of a small water leakage rate of a small top surface of a volatile water storage chamber, and the underground water leakage of a small water leakage is increased by a small pressure of a small enough (.018), which is usually generated by a water leakage rate) and is increased by a very small amount of a water leakage rate of a water leakage.
The water level changing method realizes the process control of oil storage through water level adjustment according to the height of an oil-water interface, the oil level is high, namely the top of a cavern, so underground water pointing to the cavern can realize water sealing of the cavern, the storage principle of the water level changing method is similar to that of an above-ground floating roof oil storage tank, the oil level changing method is an storage system with constant pressure and is suitable for storing volatile oil such as gasoline and the like, and as the oil storage system is almost free of gas phase space or extremely small gas phase space, the same amount of oil inlet and outlet or oil inlet is adopted in the oil receiving and sending process, the oil loss is greatly reduced, the explosion risk is low, the water seepage amount of the cavern is also remarkably reduced by a pressure storage mode, the storage pressure is determined by the height of a water head communicated with the outer side and the density difference of oil and water, however, the water level changing method has the biggest defect that water needs to be frequently and is needed to be mainly supplemented or drained into the cavern, particularly, the drainage and water supplement amount is larger during the oil receiving and sending operation cost is higher, so that the operation cost of drainage.
The water level changing method is applied to early engineering more frequently, and because large-scale active water replenishing and pumping needs to be frequently implemented, equipment is frequently started, the process control requirement is higher, and the operation cost is high, the engineering application is less at present. Compared with the water level changing method, the fixed water level method has the advantages of simpler process flow, more convenient control, higher reliability and lower operation cost, so the fixed water level method is the main form adopted by the engineering application at home and abroad at present, for example, the fixed water level method is adopted in most of crude oil cavern stores built and proposed in China at present.
In the prior art, Chinese patent CN104763449B discloses a design methods of an underground water seal cave depot water curtain system, which comprises the steps of designing a water curtain tunnel after geological detail investigation, main cave design and traffic tunnel design, designing horizontal water curtain holes and vertical water curtain holes, carrying out construction investigation on the development condition of a fault fracture zone, carrying out pretreatment scheme design on weak rock masses at the main cave part after the water curtain tunnel is excavated and formed, carrying out pressurized water injection test on all the water curtain holes of a certain water curtain tunnel after all the water curtain holes of the tunnel are constructed, carrying out blocking scheme design on a found seepage channel, pre-injecting the weak rock masses at the main cave part through the water curtain tunnel to be beneficial to ensuring construction progress and reducing construction risks, blocking the seepage channel by grouting, preventing or reducing underground water during excavation of the main cave and ensuring a water seal environment at the periphery of the main cave, however, methods for effectively avoiding oil gas seepage and solving the problem of large water quantity are not provided in the prior art including the technical scheme of the Chinese patent.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor fully compares and deeply analyzes the characteristics of the fixed water level method and the water level changing method, and finds that the biggest difference between the two methods lies in the treatment modes of the oil product loading and the oil product medium change, wherein the former is treated by reserving fixed gas phase space in a cavity, and the latter is regulated by the water level change, therefore, on the basis of the prior art, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides novel oil storage processes combining the storage principles of the fixed water level method and the water level changing method, and provides sets of underground water seal cavity warehouse systems adapted to the novel oil storage processes, thereby solving the problems that the gas phase space is required to be reserved in the cavity of the fixed water level method and the oil gas leakage and the water seepage are easy to cause, the water supply pressure of a water curtain system is indirectly reduced, and the problems that the equipment is frequently started, the process control is complex, the operation cost is huge and the like due to the frequent water level change of the water level changing method.
Specifically, based on the fixed water level method, the th aspect of the present invention provides underground water-sealed cave storage system with pressure-regulating air chamber, which comprises:
the oil storage cavern comprises a plurality of oil storage caverns, wherein pressure regulating air chambers, namely caverns with air pressure regulating function, are arranged above each oil storage cavern, and each pressure regulating air chamber is communicated with each corresponding oil storage cavern through connecting channels (wellholes), wherein the pressure regulating air chambers and the oil storage caverns are in underground cavern form;
the top of the pressure regulating air chamber is connected with air shafts, reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged in the air shafts, air inlet and outlet pipes penetrating through the reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged in the air shafts, the air inlet and outlet pipes are provided with air inlet and outlet valves with adjustable opening degrees and are connected to ground inflation stations, and it is worth supplementing and explaining that each air inlet and outlet pipe penetrates through an operation roadway to be connected to the ground inflation stations or is directly connected to the ground inflation stations;
the pressure regulating air chamber is internally provided with an air pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor, wherein the air pressure sensor is used for controlling the ground gas filling station to input inert gas into the pressure regulating air chamber or receive mixed gas (the mixed gas refers to the mixed gas of the inert gas, oil gas, water gas and the like) from the pressure regulating air chamber, and the liquid level sensor is used for controlling the opening and closing of a pumping subsystem;
and the gas inlet and outlet valve, the ground gas filling station, the water pumping subsystem, the gas pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor are electrically connected with central control subsystems.
In addition, since other parts of the underground water-sealed cavern system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber are designed and arranged in a conventional manner known in the art, the details are not repeated herein.
Preferably, in the underground water-seal cavern system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber, the volume of the pressure-regulating air chamber is not less than 1% of the volume of the oil storage cavern.
Preferably, in the underground water-sealed cave depot system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber, the section shape of the pressure-regulating air chamber is selected from types of straight-wall circular arch, semicircular arch, horseshoe, oval and square, wherein the section shape of the pressure-regulating air chamber is determined according to the stability analysis of surrounding rocks.
Preferably, in the underground water-seal cave depot system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber, surrounding rocks around the pressure-regulating air chamber are subjected to airtight treatment by a sealing method so as to ensure that gas does not leak outwards, wherein the sealing method is selected from natural water seals (surrounding rock gas sealing), artificial water seals (water curtain gas sealing) and impermeable linings (cover gas sealing).
Preferably, in the underground water-sealed cave storage system provided with the pressure-regulating gas chamber, the inert gas is nitrogen or helium.
Meanwhile, a second aspect of the present invention provides an underground water-sealed cavern oil storage method, which uses the aspect of the present invention of the underground water-sealed cavern system provided with the pressure regulating air chamber, and includes the steps of regulating the seepage of underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern:
s1: under the state of oil storage balance, the pressure regulating air chamber and the air pressure P in the connecting channel01atm, the water cushion layer interface is at the balance water level; presetting the oil level to-be-raised height hmax；
S2: when underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern seeps into the oil storage cavern, the rising height of the water cushion interface is hwThen, the oil product enters the pressure regulating air chamber along the connecting channel, so that the oil level rising height is h; at this time, the air pressure P is adjusted0(it is worth to say that, if the oil completely fills the connecting channel and enters the pressure-regulating air chamber, the air pressure P is equal to the oil pressure0All generated by mixed gas in the pressure regulating air chamber; p0Is a variable quantity) to conform to the following formula: 1atm＜P0＜P2The speed h is gradually increased; in the formula, P2The hydrostatic pressure in the top surrounding rock fracture of the oil storage cavern is obtained;
s3: when h reaches hmaxWhen the water pumping subsystem is started, the water is drained so that the water cushion layer interface gradually descends to a balance water level, h is gradually reduced to 0, and P is0Down to 1 atm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme provided by the invention utilizes the pressure regulating air chamber arranged above the oil storage cavern to meet the requirements of oil storage capacity and gas phase space brought by physical change of oil medium, and simultaneously, the air pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber is controlled (always in accordance with that P is more than or equal to 1 atm)0＜P2) The pressure difference between the oil pressure in the oil storage cavern and the underground water pressure outside the cavern can be balanced and adjusted, so that the effect of reducing the underground water inflow in the cavern is exerted; in addition, the technical scheme provided by the invention solves the problems that gas-phase space is required to be reserved in a chamber by a fixed water level method, so that oil gas leakage and large water seepage amount are easily caused, the water supply water seal pressure of a water curtain system is indirectly reduced, and the problems of frequent equipment starting (mainly used for large-scale active water replenishing and draining), complex process control, huge operation cost and the like caused by frequent water level change of a water level changing method are solved.
In conclusion, by adopting the underground water-sealed cave depot system provided with the pressure regulating air chamber and implementing the underground water-sealed cave depot oil storage method, the seepage quantity of underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cave can be effectively reduced and regulated, the overall engineering construction cost is reduced, and the safety and reliability of cave depot construction and operation are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the oil storage principle of an underground water sealed cave depot in the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the oil storage principle of the fixed water level method in the background art; the system comprises an A1 water pump, an A2 oil-well pump, an A3 water cushion layer, an A4 underground water line, an A5 reinforced concrete sealing cover, an A6 operation roadway and an A7 oil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the oil storage principle of the water level varying method in the background art; b1-oil, B2-water, B3-underground water line, B4-crack water pump, B5-water pump, B6-oil pump, B7-reinforced concrete sealing cover, B8-operation roadway, B9-lowest water surface and B10-highest oil surface;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an underground water-sealed cave depot system provided with embodiments according to the invention, wherein the underground water-sealed cave depot system comprises a C1 pressure-regulating air chamber, a C2 connecting channel (a well), a C3 water cushion layer, a C4 water pump, a C5 oil pump, a C6 oil product, a C3-6 water cushion layer interface (an oil-water interface), a C7 operating roadway, a C8 oil storage cave chamber, a C9 surrounding rock crack, a C10 reinforced concrete sealing cover, a C11 top elevation surface of the oil storage cave chamber, a C12 original underground water line, a C13 designed stable underground water line, a C14 pipeline operating vertical shaft and a C15 gas inlet pipe;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of example underground water-sealed cavern oil storage methods according to the invention, wherein C3-6 is water cushion interface (oil-water interface), C7 is operation roadway, C11 is top elevation surface of oil storage cavern, C12 is original underground water line, C13 is stable underground water line, P is PwaterHydrostatic pressure, PoilHydrostatic pressure of oil, P0-gas pressure, P1Hydrostatic pressure, P2Hydrostatic pressure, P3Hydrostatic pressure of oil, H0Head height of the top level surface of the oil storage cavern, Hc-height of oil head at water bedding interface of oil storage cavern, H-height of water head at water bedding interface of oil storage cavern, Hw-the rise height of the water-cushion interface, h-the oil level rise height.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in with reference to the following detailed description, but the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The underground water-sealed cavern system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber according to the th aspect comprises:
the oil storage system comprises a plurality of oil storage caverns, wherein pressure regulating air chambers are arranged above each oil storage cavern, each pressure regulating air chamber is communicated with each corresponding oil storage cavern through connecting channels, the top of each pressure regulating air chamber is connected with air shafts, reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged in the air shafts, air inlet and outlet pipes penetrating through the reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged on the air inlet and outlet pipes, opening-adjustable air inlet and outlet valves are installed on the air inlet and outlet pipes, the air inlet and outlet pipes are connected to ground inflation stations, air pressure sensors and liquid level sensors are arranged in the pressure regulating air chambers, the air pressure sensors are used for controlling the ground inflation stations to input inert gas into the pressure regulating air chambers or receive mixed gas from the pressure regulating air chambers, the liquid level sensors are used for controlling opening and closing of water pumping subsystems, and the air inlet and outlet valves, the ground inflation stations, the water pumping subsystems, the air pressure sensors and the liquid level sensors are electrically connected with central control subsystems.
In preferred embodiments, the volume of the pressure-regulating air chamber is not less than 1% of the volume of the oil storage chamber.
In preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the pressure regulating air chamber is selected from , such as straight-wall circular arch, semicircular arch, horseshoe, oval and square.
In preferred embodiments, the surrounding rocks around the pressure regulating air chamber are hermetically treated by a sealing method, wherein the sealing method is selected from any of natural water seal, artificial water seal and impermeable lining.
In preferred embodiments, the inert gas is nitrogen or helium.
The underground water-sealed cavern oil storage method according to the second aspect uses the underground water-sealed cavern system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber of the aspect, and includes the step of regulating seepage of underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil-storing cavern:
s1: under the state of oil storage balance, the pressure regulating air chamber and the air pressure P in the connecting channel01atm water cushionThe interface is at equilibrium water level; presetting the oil level to-be-raised height hmax；
S2: when underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern seeps into the oil storage cavern, the rising height of the water cushion interface is hwThen, the oil product enters the pressure regulating air chamber along the connecting channel, so that the oil level rising height is h; at this time, the air pressure P is adjusted0In accordance with the following formula: 1atm < P0＜P2The speed h is gradually increased; in the formula, P2The hydrostatic pressure in the top surrounding rock fracture of the oil storage cavern is obtained;
s3: when h reaches hmaxWhen the water pumping subsystem is started, the water is drained so that the water cushion layer interface gradually descends to a balance water level, h is gradually reduced to 0, and P is0Down to 1 atm.
In addition, the following describes in detail the principle of the implementation of the oil storage method of the underground water-sealed cavern:
the oil product is stored in a closed oil storage chamber, and the fissure water in the rock mass can flow into the chamber along the fissure directed to the chamber, and the oil storage chamber is similar to closed container with water seepage fissure, referring to fig. 4 and 5, after the oil delivery is completed in the oil storage chamber, the oil storage equilibrium state is reached, the oil surface level is at the oil product free surface (i.e. against the top of the chamber) of the designed tank holding quantity, at this time, no gas phase space or only very small gas phase space (due to the fact that the rock surface has fixed roughness) exists between the top of the chamber and the oil product free surface2The following relations are provided:
P2＝γwater·H0
wherein, P2Also represents the groundwater static pressure H borne by the top elevation surface of the oil storage cavern0And the water head height of the top elevation surface of the oil storage cavern is represented, and specifically, the vertical distance from the lowest point of the designed stable underground water line to the top elevation surface of the oil storage cavern is represented. Under the oil storage balance state, the oil surface (oil product free surface) can be regarded as the top elevation surface of the oil storage cavern.
Accordingly, the oil storage chamberHydrostatic pressure P in the cracks of the surrounding rock at the water-cushion interface (i.e. oil-water interface; at equilibrium water level when oil storage is in equilibrium state)1The following relations are provided:
P1＝Pwater，max＝γwater·H
wherein, P1Substantially the maximum hydrostatic pressure P to which the wall of the oil storage cavern is subjectedwater,max，γwaterAnd H represents the water gravity, and the water head height of the water cushion interface of the oil storage cavern is specifically the vertical distance from the lowest point of the designed stable underground water line to the water cushion interface of the oil storage cavern.
Maintaining the air pressure P in the pressure-regulating air chamber and the connecting channel in the oil storage balance state01atm, the oil level elevation (or called as the head height) h is 0, so the oil static pressure P born by the top elevation surface of the oil storage chamber310. At the moment, the oil product static pressure P of the water cushion layer interface of the oil storage chamber3The following relations are provided:
P3＝Poil，max＝γoil·Hc
wherein, P3Substantially the maximum hydrostatic pressure P to which the walls of the oil storage cavern are subjectedoil,max，γoilIndicates oil Severness, HcThe height of the oil head of the water cushion interface of the oil storage cavern is represented, and specifically, the vertical distance from the top elevation surface of the oil storage cavern to the water cushion interface of the oil storage cavern is the vertical distance from the oil surface (oil free surface) to the balance water level in the oil storage balance state.
Because of gammawater＞γoilAnd H > HcSo that P iswater,max＞Poil,maxI.e. P1＞P3(ii) a In the same way, the hydrostatic pressure P borne by each point of the wall of the oil storage cavernwaterWith the static pressure P of the oil to which it is subjectedoilAll conform to the following formula:
Pwater＞Poil
therefore, the method for storing the oil in the underground water-sealed cavern ensures that the oil cannot leak to the outside of the oil-storing cavern, and the underground water plays a role in hydraulic sealing of the oil-storing cavern.
step by step under normal oil storage condition, P2＞P31Therefore, the underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern can continuously seep into the cavern along the fracture; because oil and water are immiscible, groundwater flows to a lower water cushion layer along the wall of the oil storage cavern, the head pressure of the free surface of the water cushion layer is constant to 0, but with the continuous increase of water inflow, the interface of the water cushion layer (namely an oil-water interface) gradually has the tendency that the water level rises upwards, theoretically, if groundwater entering the oil storage cavern is not discharged, oil finally overcomes the hydrostatic pressure in cracks due to the continuous increase of the rising pressure and seeps out of the cavern upwards. Wherein the change of the lifting pressure depends on the water inflow of the groundwater entering the oil storage cavern. For example, groundwater seeps into the oil storage cavern and causes the water cushion interface to rise to a height h (or called the elevated water level height)wAt the same time, the whole oil should be raised to the same height to form a new oil static pressure P32The following relation is provided:
P32＝γoil·hw
wherein, P32The pressure is also the lifting pressure, because of the existence of the top of the oil storage cavern, oil can seep into the top surrounding rock crack of the oil storage cavern and/or the direction of the connecting channel and the pressure regulating air chamber, the lifting pressure is the pressure of the top surface of the oil acting on the top of the oil storage cavern, and the oil is stored under the pressure.
At this time, if P acts on the top of the oil storage chamber32＞P2The oil product seeps upwards to seep into the top surrounding rock crack of the oil storage cavern; this bleed height corresponds to the formula:
hoil＝(P32-P2)/γoil。
at this moment, the oil also seeps towards the connecting channel (well hole) and the pressure regulating air chamber, in other words, the oil enters the pressure regulating air chamber along the connecting channel, so that the oil level rising height accords with the following formula:
hoil-air＝(P32-P0)/γoil。
obviously, P0＜P2Thus, hoil-air＞hoilSo that when hoil-airUp to hmaxWhen the water storage cavity is filled with the underground water, the water cushion layer interface is gradually lowered to the balance water level. In addition, when the air pressure P is adjusted0The amount of oil entering the pressure regulating air chamber can be controlled, and the oil amount can be controlled according to hwIndirectly controlling P32Thereby adjusting the oil storage pressure at the top of the oil storage chamber.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that, in general, the cross-sectional area of the connecting channel (borehole) connecting the oil storage cavern and the pressure regulating gas chamber is much larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the cracks of the surrounding rock on the top of the oil storage cavern, so that most of the oil flows into the pressure regulating gas chamber with lower pressure first, and only a little oil seeps into the cracks.
Example 1
This example details underground water-sealed cavern system and the method of storing oil using the underground water-sealed cavern system.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the underground water seal cavern system in this embodiment comprises a plurality of oil storage chambers C8, pressure regulating air chambers C1 are arranged above each oil storage chamber C8, the bottom elevation of each pressure regulating air chamber C1 is greater than the top elevation of each oil storage chamber C8, each pressure regulating air chamber C1 is communicated with each corresponding oil storage chamber C8 through connecting channels C2, the top of each pressure regulating air chamber C1 is connected with gas shafts, reinforced concrete sealing covers C10 are arranged in the gas shafts, gas inlet and outlet pipes C15 penetrating through the reinforced concrete sealing covers C42 are arranged, opening-adjustable gas inlet and outlet valves (not shown) are mounted on the gas inlet and outlet pipes C15, the gas inlet and outlet pipes C15 are connected to ground gas filling stations (not shown), the volume of the pressure regulating air chambers C1 is 2% of the volume of the oil storage chambers C8, the gas inlet and outlet pipes C15 are connected to ground gas filling stations (not shown), and the pressure regulating air chambers C9 are in an arched cross section shape, as shown in the other figures, and the surrounding rock storage chambers C8.
The pressure regulating air chamber C1 is internally provided with a air pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure), the air pressure sensor is used for controlling the ground inflation station to input nitrogen into the pressure regulating air chamber or receive mixed gas from the pressure regulating air chamber, the liquid level sensor is used for controlling the opening and closing of a water pumping subsystem, and the air inlet and outlet valve, the ground inflation station, the water pumping subsystem, the air pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor are electrically connected with central control subsystems.
As shown in FIG. 4, an oil product C6 is stored in the oil storage cavern C8, a water cushion layer C3 is arranged below the oil product C6, the water cushion layer C3 and the oil product C6 are layered to form a water cushion layer interface (oil-water interface) C3-6, surrounding rocks around the pressure regulating air chamber C1 are subjected to airtight treatment through an impermeable lining, and FIG. 4 further shows a water suction pump C4 and a water suction pipeline (belonging to the water suction subsystem) for discharging water, an oil well pump C5 and an oil suction pipeline for outputting oil, an oil inlet pipeline, a pipeline operation shaft C14 (another reinforced concrete sealing covers C10 are arranged in the pipeline operation shaft, the oil suction pipeline, the oil inlet pipeline and the water suction pipeline are accommodated in the pipeline operation shaft C7.
The underground water-sealed cave depot oil storage method in the embodiment uses the underground water-sealed cave depot system to store oil, and comprises the following steps of adjusting the seepage of underground water in surrounding rocks of the oil storage cave:
in the state of oil storage balance, the pressure regulating air chamber C1 and the air pressure P in the connecting channel C201atm, water cushion interface C3-6 is at equilibrium water level; presetting the oil level to-be-raised height hmax(ii) a When underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern seeps into the oil storage cavern C8, the rising height of the water cushion interface C3-6 is hwThen, the oil enters the pressure-regulating air chamber C1 along the connecting channel C2, so that the oil level rises to h (namely h in the principle description above)oil-air) (ii) a The pressure in the pressure regulating air chamber C1 is passively increased along with the inflow of oil products, and the air pressure sensor sends a signal to the central control subsystem which sends a signal to the ground gas filling station and the ground gas filling stationThe gas inlet and outlet valve is opened to degrees, the ground gas filling station receives the mixed gas from the pressure regulating gas chamber C1, thereby actively reducing the gas pressure P0(i.e., internal pressure) to accelerate the flow of oil to the pressure-regulating chamber C1, P0Still meet 1atm < P0＜P2(ii) a h is gradually increased to hmaxImmediately triggering the water pumping subsystem to drain so that the water cushion interface C3-6 gradually drops to an equilibrium water level, h also gradually decreases to 0, P0When the pressure is reduced to 1atm, part of the oil leaking out along the cracks is also in P2To flow back into the cavern under the action of the oil, thereby recovering to an oil storage balance state.
In a word, the underground water sealing cave depot system and the underground water sealing cave depot oil storage method provided by the invention can reasonably set various engineering design parameters of the pressure regulating air chamber according to the conditions of the loading change during oil inlet, the expansion change and the storage pressure change of the oil product volume, the change of underground water and the like, wherein the core control parameters are as follows: height h of oil level to be raisedmaxPressure P in pressure regulating air chamber and connecting channel0。
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1, kinds of underground water seal cave depot system that is provided with pressure regulating air chamber contains a plurality of oil storage cavern, its characterized in that:
pressure-regulating air chambers are arranged above each oil storage cavern, and each pressure-regulating air chamber is communicated with each corresponding oil storage cavern through connecting channels;
the top of the pressure regulating air chamber is connected with air shafts, reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged in the air shafts, air inlet and outlet pipes penetrating through the reinforced concrete sealing covers are arranged in the air shafts, and the air inlet and outlet pipes are provided with air inlet and outlet valves with adjustable opening degrees and are connected to ground inflation stations;
the pressure regulating air chamber is internally provided with air pressure sensors and liquid level sensors, the air pressure sensors are used for controlling the ground inflation station to input inert gas into the pressure regulating air chamber or receive mixed gas from the pressure regulating air chamber, and the liquid level sensors are used for controlling the opening and closing of a water pumping subsystem;
and the gas inlet and outlet valve, the ground gas filling station, the water pumping subsystem, the gas pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor are electrically connected with central control subsystems.
2. The underground water seal cavern system with the pressure regulating air chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume of the pressure regulating air chamber is not less than 1% of the volume of the oil storage cavern.
3. The underground water-sealed cave depot system provided with the pressure-regulating air chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the pressure-regulating air chamber is selected from types selected from the group consisting of a straight-wall circular arch, a semicircular arch, a horseshoe, an oval and a square.
4. The underground water-sealed cave depot system with the pressure-regulating air chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surrounding rocks around the pressure-regulating air chamber are hermetically sealed by a sealing method selected from types including natural water seal, artificial water seal and impermeable lining.
5. The underground water seal cave storage system provided with the pressure regulating gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or helium.
6, method for storing oil in underground water-sealed cave depot, which is characterized in that, the underground water-sealed cave depot system provided with a pressure-regulating air chamber as claimed in any of claims 1-5 is used, and the method comprises the step of regulating the seepage flow of underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil-storing cave:
s1: under the state of oil storage balance, the pressure regulating air chamber and the air pressure P in the connecting channel01atm, the water cushion layer interface is at the balance water level; presetting the oil level to-be-raised height hmax；
S2: when underground water in the surrounding rock of the oil storage cavern seeps into the oil storage cavern, the rising height of the water cushion interface is hwThen, the oil product enters the pressure regulating air chamber along the connecting channel, so that the oil level rising height is h; at this time, the air pressure P is adjusted0In accordance with the following formula: 1atm < P0＜P2The speed h is gradually increased; in the formula, P2The hydrostatic pressure in the top surrounding rock fracture of the oil storage cavern is obtained;
s3: when h reaches hmaxWhen the water pumping subsystem is started, the water is drained so that the water cushion layer interface gradually descends to a balance water level, h is gradually reduced to 0, and P is0Down to 1 atm.
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| CN115417059A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-02 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Underground operation space for underground water-sealed rock cavern oil depot group |
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