CN108321889A - Super capacitance cell equilibrium high efficiency power system and its method of supplying power to - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统及其供电方法，该系统包括超级电容模块、锂电池组模块、采集模块、以及控制模块；锂电池组模块由若干个锂电池单体串联而成，各个锂电池单体分别与超级电容模块之间通过电路连接；采集模块用于采集各个锂电池单体的电压信息，将A/D转换后的电压数据信号传递给控制模块；控制模块用于接收电压数据信号，并计算锂电池组模块的电压均衡控制带的范围，再将各个锂电池单体的电压值与电压均衡控制带的范围单独进行电压比较，根据比较结果来控制电路的通电或断电。本发明通过电子开关控制超级电容与各个锂电池单体之间的通路，使每个锂电池单体的电压数值在均衡控制带范围内，从而保持电池的一致性。
The invention discloses a balanced and high-efficiency power supply system for a supercapacitor battery and a power supply method thereof. The system includes a supercapacitor module, a lithium battery pack module, an acquisition module, and a control module; Each lithium battery cell is connected to the supercapacitor module through a circuit; the acquisition module is used to collect the voltage information of each lithium battery cell, and transmits the voltage data signal after A/D conversion to the control module; the control module uses To receive the voltage data signal and calculate the range of the voltage balance control band of the lithium battery pack module, and then compare the voltage value of each lithium battery cell with the range of the voltage balance control band separately, and control the power supply of the circuit according to the comparison result or power outage. The invention controls the passage between the supercapacitor and each lithium battery cell through an electronic switch, so that the voltage value of each lithium battery cell is within the range of the balanced control band, thereby maintaining the consistency of the battery.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及超级电容电池供电系统及方法，具体地指一种超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统及其供电方法。The invention relates to a supercapacitor battery power supply system and method, in particular to a supercapacitor battery balanced and efficient power supply system and a power supply method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
电能具有经济、实用、清洁且容易控制和转换的优越性，被广泛应用在动力、照明、通信、广播等各个领域。锂电池体积小、重量轻，能量密度高，单体电池电压平台高，便于组成电池电源组，而且具备高功率承受能力，高低温环境适应性强，自放电率低，无记忆效应，使用寿命较长，因此被广泛应用在生活的各个地方。由于在很多地方需要的电压比较高，因此需要多个锂电池单体串联以满足提供高电压的需求。Electric energy has the advantages of being economical, practical, clean, and easy to control and convert, and is widely used in various fields such as power, lighting, communication, and broadcasting. Lithium batteries are small in size, light in weight, high in energy density, high in the voltage platform of single cells, easy to form battery power packs, and have high power bearing capacity, strong adaptability to high and low temperature environments, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, and long service life Longer, so it is widely used in various places of life. Since the voltage required in many places is relatively high, multiple lithium battery cells need to be connected in series to meet the requirement of providing high voltage.
锂电池组中各锂电池单体由于制作工艺和工作环境的限制，电池荷电状态不可能保持一致。在这种情况下，电池组的性能就取决于性能最差的那节锂电池单体。经过充放电循环使用次数越多，荷电状态的不一致现象逐渐加剧，单体间的差异也会越来越大，电池组的性能也会随之下降很多。这种情况会导致整个电池组提供的电压下降，容量利用率下降，进而影响输出功率和充放电功率，缩短电池组的使用寿命，对机器本身也会造成一定程度的影响。Due to the limitations of the manufacturing process and working environment of each lithium battery cell in the lithium battery pack, the state of charge of the battery cannot be kept consistent. In this case, the performance of the battery pack depends on the worst-performing lithium battery cell. The more times the charge and discharge cycle is used, the inconsistency of the state of charge will gradually increase, the difference between the cells will become larger and larger, and the performance of the battery pack will also decrease a lot. This situation will lead to a decrease in the voltage provided by the entire battery pack, and a decrease in capacity utilization, which in turn will affect the output power and charging and discharging power, shorten the service life of the battery pack, and also have a certain degree of impact on the machine itself.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是要提供一种超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统及其供电方法，该系统通过电子开关控制超级电容与锂电池组中锂电池单体之间的通路，使每个锂电池单体的电压数值在均衡控制带范围内，从而在一定程度上保持电池的一致性，不仅可以使电池组的电压的输出稳定，还可以使整体容量得到最大程度的利用，减缓电池组性能的下降，提高电池寿命。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a balanced high-efficiency power supply system for supercapacitor batteries and its power supply method. The system controls the path between the supercapacitor and lithium battery cells in the lithium battery pack through electronic switches, so that each lithium battery cell The voltage value of the battery is within the range of the balanced control band, so as to maintain the consistency of the battery to a certain extent, not only to stabilize the voltage output of the battery pack, but also to maximize the use of the overall capacity and slow down the performance of the battery pack. Improve battery life.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统，包括超级电容模块、锂电池组模块、采集模块、以及控制模块；In order to achieve the above object, the supercapacitor battery balanced and efficient power supply system provided by the present invention includes a supercapacitor module, a lithium battery pack module, an acquisition module, and a control module;
所述锂电池组模块由若干个锂电池单体串联而成，各个锂电池单体分别与超级电容模块之间通过电路连接；The lithium battery pack module is composed of several lithium battery cells connected in series, and each lithium battery cell is connected to the supercapacitor module through a circuit;
所述采集模块用于采集各个锂电池单体的电压信息，并对采集的电压信息进行A/D转换，将转换后的电压数据信号传递给控制模块；The collection module is used to collect the voltage information of each lithium battery cell, and perform A/D conversion on the collected voltage information, and transmit the converted voltage data signal to the control module;
所述控制模块用于接收来自采集模块的电压数据信号，并计算锂电池组模块的电压均衡控制带的范围，再将各个锂电池单体的电压值v与电压均衡控制带的范围单独进行电压比较，根据比较结果来控制各个锂电池单体与超级电容模块之间电路的通电或断电。The control module is used to receive the voltage data signal from the acquisition module, and calculate the range of the voltage balance control band of the lithium battery pack module, and then calculate the voltage value v of each lithium battery cell and the range of the voltage balance control band separately. Comparison, according to the comparison result to control the power-on or power-off of the circuit between each lithium battery cell and the supercapacitor module.
进一步地，所述控制模块包括：信号接收器，用于接收来自采集模块的各个锂电池单体的电压数据信号；主控制器，用于计算锂电池组模块的电压均衡控制带的范围，并判断各个锂电池单体的电压值v是否在锂电池组模块的电压均衡控制带的范围内；电子开关，用于控制各个锂电池单体与超级电容模块之间电路的通电或断电；PWM控制器，用于控制电子开关的闭合或者断开；Further, the control module includes: a signal receiver for receiving the voltage data signal of each lithium battery cell from the acquisition module; a main controller for calculating the range of the voltage equalization control band of the lithium battery pack module, and Judging whether the voltage value v of each lithium battery cell is within the range of the voltage equalization control band of the lithium battery pack module; the electronic switch is used to control the power on or off of the circuit between each lithium battery cell and the supercapacitor module; PWM The controller is used to control the closing or opening of the electronic switch;
所述信号接收器的数据信号输入端与采集模块的数据信号输出端连接，所述信号接收器的数据信号输出端与主控制器的数据信号输入端连接，所述主控制器的控制信号输出端与PWM控制器的控制信号输入端连接，所述PWM控制器的控制信号输出端与电子开关的控制信号输入端连接。The data signal input end of the signal receiver is connected with the data signal output end of the acquisition module, the data signal output end of the signal receiver is connected with the data signal input end of the main controller, and the control signal output of the main controller is The terminal is connected with the control signal input terminal of the PWM controller, and the control signal output terminal of the PWM controller is connected with the control signal input terminal of the electronic switch.
进一步地，所述超级电容模块与各个锂电池单体之间的电路上均设置有一个电子开关，所述PWM控制器分别单独控制各个电子开关。Further, an electronic switch is provided on the circuit between the supercapacitor module and each lithium battery cell, and the PWM controller independently controls each electronic switch.
本发明还提供一种上述的超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统进行供电的方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for supplying power by the above-mentioned balanced high-efficiency power supply system for supercapacitor batteries, including the following steps:
1)利用采集模块采集各个锂电池单体的电压信息，并对采集的电压信息进行A/D转换，将转换后的电压数据信号传递给控制模块；1) Use the acquisition module to collect the voltage information of each lithium battery cell, and perform A/D conversion on the collected voltage information, and transmit the converted voltage data signal to the control module;
2)控制模块接收来自采集模块的电压数据信号，并计算锂电池组模块的电压均衡控制带的范围；2) The control module receives the voltage data signal from the acquisition module, and calculates the range of the voltage equalization control band of the lithium battery pack module;
3)将各个锂电池单体的电压值v与电压均衡控制带的范围单独进行电压比较，根据比较结果来控制各个锂电池单体与超级电容模块之间电路的通电或断电。3) The voltage value v of each lithium battery cell is compared with the range of the voltage equalization control band separately, and the power-on or power-off of the circuit between each lithium battery cell and the supercapacitor module is controlled according to the comparison result.
进一步地，所述步骤3)中，电压均衡控制带的范围为 其中，平均电压值为锂电池组模块中各个锂电池单体的电压值v的平均值，均衡控制值dv＝0.1～0.5v。Further, in the step 3), the range of the voltage balance control band is Among them, the average voltage value is the average value of the voltage v of each lithium battery cell in the lithium battery pack module, and the balance control value dv=0.1-0.5v.
进一步地，所述均衡控制值dv＝0.2v。Further, the equalization control value dv=0.2v.
进一步地，所述步骤3)中，若锂电池单体的电压值则PWM控制器控制对应的电子开关闭合，锂电池单体向超级电容模块放电。Further, in the step 3), if the voltage value of the lithium battery cell Then the PWM controller controls the corresponding electronic switch to close, and the lithium battery unit discharges to the supercapacitor module.
再进一步地，所述步骤3)中，若锂电池单体的电压值则PWM控制器控制对应的电子开关闭合，超级电容模块向锂电池单体充电。Further, in the step 3), if the voltage value of the lithium battery cell Then the PWM controller controls the corresponding electronic switch to close, and the supercapacitor module charges the lithium battery cell.
更进一步地，所述步骤3)中，若锂电池单体的电压值v为 则PWM控制器控制对应的电子开关断开，重复步骤1)～步骤3)。Furthermore, in the step 3), if the voltage value v of the lithium battery cell is Then the PWM controller controls the corresponding electronic switch to be turned off, and steps 1) to 3) are repeated.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
其一，本发明的锂电池组充放电效率提高，由于锂电池组在充电时，某些锂电池单体会优先充满电，若此时停止充电会导致整个锂电池组容量没有最大程度利用。本发明通过采集模块将采集来的每个锂电池单体的电压信息，传递给控制模块，控制模块做出计算并确定均衡控制带，命令PWM控制器有针对性地开闭通道，超级电容与电池之间进行能量传输，使锂电池单体之间电压达到均衡，这样可以使整个锂电池组的容量得到最大利用，提高充放电效率。First, the charging and discharging efficiency of the lithium battery pack of the present invention is improved. When the lithium battery pack is being charged, some lithium battery cells will be fully charged first. If the charging is stopped at this time, the capacity of the entire lithium battery pack will not be fully utilized. The present invention transmits the collected voltage information of each lithium battery cell to the control module through the collection module, and the control module makes calculations and determines the balanced control band, commands the PWM controller to open and close the channel in a targeted manner, and the supercapacitor and The energy transmission between the batteries makes the voltage between the lithium battery cells equal, so that the capacity of the entire lithium battery pack can be maximized and the charging and discharging efficiency can be improved.
其二，本发明的锂电池组的输出功率提高，尽管锂电池组都是由相同规格的锂电池单体串联而成的，但它们的参数并非完全一致，在使用过程中的温度差异等都会造成它们参数不一致，随着锂电池的充放电次数的增多，锂电池单体之间的不一致性增大，放电率的差异也会越来越大，容量较小的电池提供的电压会大幅度降低，从而造成电池组输出功率降低。本发明通过超级电容模块与锂电池组模块中的每个锂电池单体之间脉冲大电流充放电，维持锂电池单体间均衡、电压稳定，提高锂电池的输出功率。Second, the output power of the lithium battery pack of the present invention is improved. Although the lithium battery pack is all connected in series by lithium battery cells of the same specification, their parameters are not completely consistent, and temperature differences during use, etc. will cause As a result, their parameters are inconsistent. As the number of charging and discharging of lithium batteries increases, the inconsistency between lithium battery cells increases, and the difference in discharge rate will also increase. The voltage provided by batteries with smaller capacities will increase significantly. reduced, resulting in a reduction in the output power of the battery pack. The present invention maintains balance and voltage stability between the lithium battery cells and improves the output power of the lithium battery through pulse high-current charging and discharging between the supercapacitor module and each lithium battery cell in the lithium battery pack module.
其三，本发明的系统通过电子开关控制超级电容与锂电池组中锂电池单体之间的通路，使每个锂电池单体的电压数值在均衡控制带范围内，从而在一定程度上保持电池的一致性，不仅可以使电池组的电压的输出稳定，还可以使整体容量得到最大程度的利用，减缓电池组性能的下降，提高电池寿命。Third, the system of the present invention controls the passage between the supercapacitor and the lithium battery cells in the lithium battery pack through an electronic switch, so that the voltage value of each lithium battery cell is within the range of the balanced control band, thereby maintaining to a certain extent The consistency of the battery can not only stabilize the voltage output of the battery pack, but also maximize the use of the overall capacity, slow down the decline in battery pack performance, and improve battery life.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a balanced high-efficiency power supply system for supercapacitor batteries;
图2为图1所示超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统进行供电方法的流程示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a power supply method for a balanced high-efficiency power supply system for supercapacitor batteries shown in FIG. 1;
图中，超级电容模块1、锂电池组模块2(锂电池单体2.1)、采集模块3、控制模块4(信号接收器4.1、主控制器4.2、电子开关4.3、PWM控制器4.4)。In the figure, supercapacitor module 1, lithium battery pack module 2 (lithium battery cell 2.1), acquisition module 3, control module 4 (signal receiver 4.1, main controller 4.2, electronic switch 4.3, PWM controller 4.4).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
如图所示的一种超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统，包括超级电容模块1、锂电池组模块2、采集模块3、以及控制模块4；锂电池组模块2由若干个锂电池单体2.1串联而成，各个锂电池单体2.1分别与超级电容模块1之间通过电路连接；采集模块3用于采集各个锂电池单体2.1的电压信息，并对采集的电压信息进行A/D转换，将转换后的电压数据信号传递给控制模块4；控制模块4用于接收来自采集模块3的电压数据信号，并计算锂电池组模块2的电压均衡控制带的范围，再将各个锂电池单体2.1的电压值v与电压均衡控制带的范围单独进行电压比较，根据比较结果来控制各个锂电池单体2.1与超级电容模块1之间电路的通电或断电。A balanced and high-efficiency power supply system for supercapacitor batteries as shown in the figure includes a supercapacitor module 1, a lithium battery pack module 2, an acquisition module 3, and a control module 4; the lithium battery pack module 2 is composed of several lithium battery cells 2.1 connected in series Each lithium battery cell 2.1 is respectively connected to the supercapacitor module 1 through a circuit; the acquisition module 3 is used to collect the voltage information of each lithium battery cell 2.1, and A/D conversion is performed on the collected voltage information, and the The converted voltage data signal is transmitted to the control module 4; the control module 4 is used to receive the voltage data signal from the acquisition module 3, and calculate the range of the voltage balance control band of the lithium battery pack module 2, and then each lithium battery cell 2.1 The voltage value v of the voltage is compared with the range of the voltage balance control band separately, and the power-on or power-off of the circuit between each lithium battery cell 2.1 and the supercapacitor module 1 is controlled according to the comparison result.
上述技术方案中，控制模块4包括：信号接收器4.1，用于接收来自采集模块3的各个锂电池单体2.1的电压数据信号；主控制器4.2，用于计算锂电池组模块2的电压均衡控制带的范围，并判断各个锂电池单体2.1的电压值v是否在锂电池组模块2的电压均衡控制带的范围内；电子开关4.3，用于控制各个锂电池单体2.1与超级电容模块1之间电路的通电或断电；PWM控制器4.4，用于控制电子开关4.3的闭合或者断开。In the above technical solution, the control module 4 includes: a signal receiver 4.1 for receiving voltage data signals from each lithium battery cell 2.1 of the acquisition module 3; a main controller 4.2 for calculating the voltage balance of the lithium battery pack module 2 Control the range of the band, and judge whether the voltage value v of each lithium battery cell 2.1 is within the range of the voltage equalization control band of the lithium battery pack module 2; the electronic switch 4.3 is used to control each lithium battery cell 2.1 and the supercapacitor module 1 to energize or de-energize the circuit; the PWM controller 4.4 is used to control the closing or opening of the electronic switch 4.3.
信号接收器4.1的数据信号输入端与采集模块3的数据信号输出端连接，信号接收器4.1的数据信号输出端与主控制器4.2的数据信号输入端连接，主控制器4.2的控制信号输出端与PWM控制器4.4的控制信号输入端连接，PWM控制器4.4的控制信号输出端与电子开关4.3的控制信号输入端连接。超级电容模块1与各个锂电池单体2.1之间的电路上均设置有一个电子开关4.3，PWM控制器4.4分别单独控制各个电子开关4.3。The data signal input end of the signal receiver 4.1 is connected with the data signal output end of the acquisition module 3, the data signal output end of the signal receiver 4.1 is connected with the data signal input end of the main controller 4.2, and the control signal output end of the main controller 4.2 It is connected with the control signal input end of the PWM controller 4.4, and the control signal output end of the PWM controller 4.4 is connected with the control signal input end of the electronic switch 4.3. An electronic switch 4.3 is provided on the circuit between the supercapacitor module 1 and each lithium battery cell 2.1, and the PWM controller 4.4 separately controls each electronic switch 4.3.
利用上述超级电容电池均衡高效供电系统进行供电的方法，包括如下步骤：The method for using the above-mentioned supercapacitor battery balanced high-efficiency power supply system for power supply includes the following steps:
1)利用采集模块3采集各个锂电池单体2.1的电压信息，并对采集的电压信息进行A/D转换，将转换后的电压数据信号传递给控制模块4；1) Use the acquisition module 3 to collect the voltage information of each lithium battery cell 2.1, and perform A/D conversion on the collected voltage information, and transmit the converted voltage data signal to the control module 4;
2)控制模块4接收来自采集模块3的电压数据信号，并计算锂电池组模块2的电压均衡控制带的范围；电压均衡控制带的范围为其中，平均电压值为锂电池组模块2中各个锂电池单体2.1的电压值v的平均值，均衡控制值dv＝0.1～0.5v；最佳地，均衡控制值dv＝0.2v；2) The control module 4 receives the voltage data signal from the acquisition module 3, and calculates the range of the voltage balance control band of the lithium battery pack module 2; the range of the voltage balance control band is Among them, the average voltage value is the average value of the voltage v of each lithium battery cell 2.1 in the lithium battery pack module 2, the balance control value dv=0.1～0.5v; optimally, the balance control value dv=0.2v;
3)将各个锂电池单体2.1的电压值v与电压均衡控制带的范围单独进行电压比较，根据比较结果来控制各个锂电池单体2.1与超级电容模块1之间电路的通电或断电，具体包括如下三种情形：3) compare the voltage value v of each lithium battery cell 2.1 with the range of the voltage equalization control band separately, and control the power-on or power-off of the circuit between each lithium battery cell 2.1 and the supercapacitor module 1 according to the comparison result, Specifically, it includes the following three situations:
若锂电池单体2.1的电压值则PWM控制器4.4控制对应的电子开关4.3闭合，锂电池单体2.1向超级电容模块1放电。If the voltage value of the lithium battery cell 2.1 Then the PWM controller 4.4 controls the corresponding electronic switch 4.3 to close, and the lithium battery cell 2.1 discharges to the supercapacitor module 1 .
若锂电池单体2.1的电压值则PWM控制器4.4控制对应的电子开关4.3闭合，超级电容模块1向锂电池单体2.1充电。If the voltage value of the lithium battery cell 2.1 Then the PWM controller 4.4 controls the corresponding electronic switch 4.3 to close, and the supercapacitor module 1 charges the lithium battery cell 2.1.
若锂电池单体2.1的电压值v为则PWM控制器4.4控制对应的电子开关4.3断开，重复步骤1)～步骤3)。If the voltage value v of the lithium battery cell 2.1 is Then the PWM controller 4.4 controls the corresponding electronic switch 4.3 to be turned off, and steps 1) to 3) are repeated.
本发明的系统通过电子开关控制超级电容与锂电池组中锂电池单体之间的通路，使每个锂电池单体的电压数值在均衡控制带范围内，从而在一定程度上保持电池的一致性，不仅可以使电池组的电压的输出稳定，还可以使整体容量得到最大程度的利用，减缓电池组性能的下降，提高电池寿命。The system of the present invention controls the passage between the supercapacitor and the lithium battery cells in the lithium battery pack through an electronic switch, so that the voltage value of each lithium battery cell is within the range of the balanced control band, thereby maintaining the consistency of the battery to a certain extent It can not only stabilize the voltage output of the battery pack, but also maximize the utilization of the overall capacity, slow down the performance decline of the battery pack, and improve the battery life.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. within.
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