CN108286001B - A kind of preparation method of the high tough aluminium alloy of semisolid pressure casting - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the high tough aluminium alloy of semisolid pressure casting Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of high tough aluminium alloy, it is characterized by: the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1S ingredient and melting, the preparation of 2S semi solid slurry, 3S die cast, 4S combination heat treatment, the height is tough, and aluminium alloy is made using semisolid pressure casting technology, the height is tough aluminium alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 6.5~9.5%, Mg 0.25~0.65%, Cu 0.15~0.25%, Ti 0.06~0.09%, V 0.1~0.15%, Sb 0.05~0.1%, Yb 0.05~0.1%, Fe≤0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.The tough aluminium alloy of height provided by the invention has the semisolid pressure casting processing performance that intensity is high, plasticity is good and excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminum alloy processing technology field more particularly to a kind of systems of the high tough aluminium alloy of semisolid pressure casting
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Semisolid pressure casting forming technique refers to carries out strong stirring in the process of setting of liquid metal, makes conventional cast
The dendrite network skeleton being easily formed is broken and forms gritty texture's form of dispersion, so that semi-solid-state metal be made
Then liquid is cast into blank or casting.During conventional cast, primary crystal is grown up in a manner of dendrite, when solid rate reaches
When 0.2 or so, dendrite just forms contiguous network skeleton, loses macroscopical mobility.If cold from liquid phase to solid phase in liquid metal
But it is stirred strongly during, then the dendrite network skeleton being easily formed when shaping conventional cast is broken and retains and divides
Scattered gritty texture's form, is suspended in remaining liquid phase.The microscopic structure of this graininess n on-dendritic reaches 0.5- in solid rate
Still there is certain rheological characteristic, so as to which using conventional forming technology such as die casting, extruding, metal is realized in die forging etc. when 0.6
Forming.The defects of solidification shrinkage rate of semisolid pressure casting is small, can be to avoid shrinkage cavity, loose, sticking to mould, can be prepared wall thickness more
Thin, finer and close, the higher each type component of mechanical property of tissue.
Aluminium alloy is most widely used structural metallic materials in industry, with the development of the social economy, high-intensitive, high-ductility
Property, demand of the aluminum alloy spare part in fields such as automobile, electronic apparatus, high-end equipments of high-compactness sharply increase.Aluminium alloy
Semi-solid processing have been achieved for certain progress, but still have certain problem.For example, lacking to semisolid
The research and development of die-casting technique dedicated aluminium alloy.Currently, semisolid pressure casting with aluminium alloy be mainly ZL101, A356, ADC10,
The Al-Si system cast aluminium alloy gold of the trades mark such as ADC12, although the cast aluminium alloy gold of these trades mark have good casting fluidity and
Machining property, but be used for semisolid pressure casting when, also generally existing α-Al solid-phase grain sphericity is low, semi-solid alloy slurry
Illiquidity, it is difficult to meet the technique requirement of semisolid pressure casting.For example, the semi-solid processing technical process of aluminium alloy is simply not
Science, leads to that the intensity of aluminium alloy is lower, plasticity is poor, it is difficult to meet the fields such as automobile, electronic apparatus, high-end equipment to high-strength
Degree, high tenacity, the demand of high-compactness semisolid pressure casting aluminum alloy spare part.Therefore, existing semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy and
Preparation method still has much room for improvement and develops.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that problem as described above.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparations of high tough aluminium alloy
Method.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1S ingredient and melting: taking raw material silicon source, magnesium source, copper source, silicon source, titanium source, vanadium source, antimony source, ytterbium source by a group distribution, will
Melting is heated with the raw material taken, obtains aluminum alloy melt, wherein smelting temperature is 700~750 DEG C；
2S semi solid slurry preparation: by step 1S resulting aluminum alloy melt use stir method for oscillating be prepared into temperature for
580~610 DEG C of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry；
3S die cast: by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry die cast of step 2S, obtaining semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy,
Wherein, cast temperature is 300~350 DEG C, injection speed is 1.5~2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure is 30~50MPa, boost pressure
For 60~80MPa, the dwell time is 8~12s；
4S combination heat treatment: by solution treatment at a temperature of 545~550 DEG C of the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S
6~8h, after water quenching, 3~5h of ageing treatment at a temperature of 200~205 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
The present invention provides a kind of high tough aluminium alloy, and the tough aluminium alloy of height is made using semisolid pressure casting technology, institute
High tough aluminium alloy is stated by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 6.5~9.5%, Mg 0.25~0.65%, Cu
0.15~0.25%, Ti 0.06~0.09%, V 0.1~0.15%, Sb 0.05~0.1%, Yb 0.05~0.1%, Fe≤
0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
Wherein, the tough aluminium alloy of height is made using semisolid pressure casting technology, and the tough aluminium alloy of height is by following matter
Amount percentage at being grouped as: Si 7.0~9.0%, Mg 0.30~0.60%, Cu 0.18~0.23%, Ti 0.07~
0.08%, V 0.11~0.14%, Sb 0.06~0.09%, Yb 0.06~0.09%, Fe≤0.18%, remaining is Al and its
Its impurity element.
Wherein, the tough aluminium alloy of height is made using semisolid pressure casting technology, and the tough aluminium alloy of height is by following matter
Amount percentage at being grouped as: Si 8%, Mg 0.5%, Cu 0.2%, Ti 0.075%, V 0.12%, Sb 0.08%, Yb
0.08%, Fe≤0.15%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
Wherein, single content < 0.05% of other impurity elements, other impurity element total content < 0.15%.
Wherein, preparation method includes further comprising the steps of:
Or 2S semi solid slurry preparation: after the resulting aluminum alloy melt of step 1S is carried out refining degasification slagging-off, using stirring
Method for oscillating is prepared into the aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry that temperature is 580~610 DEG C.
Wherein, the instant silicon that the silicon source is 99.9%, the magnesium ingot that the magnesium source is 99.95%, copper source are
99.99% cathode copper, the aluminium ingot that source of aluminium is 99.7%, the titanium source are Al-10Ti alloy, and the vanadium source is Al-5V
Alloy, the antimony source are Al-10Sb alloy, and the ytterbium source is Al-5Yb alloy.
Wherein, in step 2S, the stirring method for oscillating includes mechanical stirring, electromagnetic agitation or ultrasonic vibration method,
Wherein, the mixing speed of the mechanical agitation methods is 150~250 revs/min, and mixing time is 5~10s；The electromagnetism stirs
The stirring frequency for mixing method is 40~50 hertz, and mixing time is 10~15s；The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration method is 20
~30 hertz, time of vibration is 5~10s.
Wherein, in step 3S, cast temperature is 310~340 DEG C, injection speed is 1.7~2.2m/s, injection ratio pressure is
35~45MPa, boost pressure are 65~75MPa, and the dwell time is 9~10s.
Wherein, in step 4S, the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S is dissolved at a temperature of 546~548 DEG C
Handle 6.5~7.5h, after water quenching, 3.5~4.5h of ageing treatment at a temperature of 202~204 DEG C.
The tough aluminium alloy of height of the invention is made of elements such as Si, Mg, Cu, and the present invention is in optimization Si, Mg, Cu master alloying member
On the basis of element, addition Ti element refines α-Al crystal grain, addition V element fine degenerate Fe-riched phase, addition Sb element fine degenerate
Common reciever, addition Yb element promote α-Al granulation, and control the content of these elements and impurity element, make its phase
Mutually cooperation, the aluminium alloy finally made have the semisolid pressure casting processing performance that intensity is high, plasticity is good and excellent.
The tough aluminium alloy of height provided according to the present invention, main innovative point is: first, introduce Ti element, Ti element energy
α-Al crystal grain is refined, improves the structural constituent uniformity of aluminium alloy, improves the mobility of aluminium alloy during semisolid pressure casting, strong
Degree and plasticity；Second, V element is introduced, V element can make rich Fe phase from the particle of coarse needle-shaped fine degenerate fine uniform
Shape eliminates influence of the richness Fe with respect to intensity of aluminum alloy and plasticity, significantly improve during semisolid pressure casting the intensity of aluminium alloy with
Plasticity；Third, introduces Sb element, and Sb element has good fine degenerate effect to common reciever, can enable aluminum alloy to middle eutectic
The form of Si significantly improves the strong of aluminium alloy during semisolid pressure casting from the elongated needle-shaped graininess for being changed into fine uniform
Degree and plasticity；4th, Yb element is introduced, element Yb is a kind of surface active element, can significantly promote semisolid pressure casting of the present invention
The nodularization process of aluminium alloy α-Al crystal grain, significantly improves semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy mobility；5th, the high tough aluminium of Scientific Regulation
The content of the elements such as Si, Mg, Cu, Ti, V, Sb, Yb in alloy guarantees the optimal performance of aluminium alloy.By Si, Mg, Cu,
It is good and with excellent semisolid pressure casting that, plasticity high with intensity is prepared in the mutual cooperation of the elements such as Ti, V, Sb, Yb
The tough aluminium alloy of height of processing performance.
Specifically, the preparation component of the above-mentioned tough aluminium alloy of height includes Si, Mg, Cu, Ti, V, Sb, Yb and impurity element
Deng.
In the preparation component of the height is tough aluminium alloy, the effect of each component and content are described as follows:
Si element can form Al+Si eutectic liquid phase with Al in aluminium alloy, improve the die casting mobility of aluminium alloy, simultaneously also
The intensity and machining property of aluminium alloy can be improved.Si content is higher, and eutectic liquid phase is more, and the die casting mobility of aluminium alloy is got over
It is good, but the plasticity of pack alloy can decline.When Si content is lower than 6.5%, the mobility of aluminium alloy can not meet semisolid pressure
The technique requirement of casting, and when Si content is more than 9.5%, the plasticity of aluminium alloy, which will appear, to be remarkably decreased.In order to guarantee that aluminium alloy has
There are enough semisolid pressure casting mobility and plasticity, therefore, Si content is selected 6.5~9.5%.
Mg element can form Mg with Si in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy2Si hardening constituent enhances semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
Intensity, Mg content is higher, and the intensity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy is also higher, but plasticity can be gradually reduced.Mg content is lower than
0.25%, 300MPa is not achieved in the intensity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy, and Mg content is more than 0.65%, then semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
Moulding be not achieved 8%.Therefore, in order to guarantee the intensity and plasticity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy, the selection of Mg content 0.25~
0.65%.
Cu element existing solution strengthening effect in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy, while in aluminium alloy aging strengthening model process
Middle precipitation CuAl2Hardening constituent enhances the intensity of aluminium alloy.Cu content is lower than 0.15%, and the intensity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy reaches
Less than 300MPa.Cu content is higher, and the intensity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy is also higher, but when Cu content is more than 0.25%, can be bright
It is aobvious to reduce semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy corrosion resistance, increase the hot cracking tendency of aluminium alloy.Therefore, in order to ensure semisolid pressure casting
The intensity and corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy, avoid hot tearing, and Cu content is selected 0.15~0.25%.
Ti element primarily serves the effect of refinement α-Al crystal grain in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy, improves the tissue of aluminium alloy
Homogeneity of ingredients improves mobility, intensity and the plasticity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy.Ti content is less than 0.06%, crystal grain refinement
Effect is unobvious.Ti content is higher, and grain refining effect is better, but when Ti content is more than 0.09%, also results in coarse metal
Between compound TiAl3The appearance of phase deteriorates the intensity and plasticity of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy.Therefore, the selection of Ti content is 0.06
~0.09%.
V element primarily serves the effect of fine degenerate richness Fe phase in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy.Fe be in aluminium alloy not
Evitable impurity element forms coarse needle-shaped Al-Fe-Si system richness Fe phase, this coarse needle-shaped richness Fe in aluminium alloy
Alloy matrix aluminum is seriously mutually isolated, is the formation of crack and direction of crack propagation of aluminium alloy forced breakage, is to lead to traditional die casting aluminium
The main reason for alloy strength and lower plasticity.Inventor is had found by lot of experiments, passes through addition 0.1~0.15%
V element, V element can change and inhibit the direction of growth of rich Fe phase, keep rich Fe phase tiny from coarse needle-shaped fine degenerate
Uniform graininess eliminates richness Fe with respect to the influence of intensity of aluminum alloy and plasticity, significantly improves the strong of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
Degree and plasticity.
Sb element primarily serves the fine degenerate effect to common reciever in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy.Common reciever exists
It is usually all in elongated needle-shaped in aluminium alloy, it is to cause that this elongated needle-shaped common reciever, which can also isolate alloy matrix aluminum,
Traditional pack alloy intensity and the lower major reason of plasticity.The prior art mainly adds the fine degenerate of common reciever
Na Sr element, but that there is also fine degenerate effects is unstable, is easy the problems such as causing air-breathing for Na, Sr element at present.Invention
People has found that Sb element has the common reciever of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of the present invention good by lot of experiments
Fine degenerate effect, effect are significantly better than traditional Na, Sr element, there are also stablizes, duration length, reproducibility it is good etc. excellent
Point can also avoid air-breathing problem caused by traditional Na, Sr element fine degenerate.The Sb element of addition 0.05~0.1%, can make
It is solid to significantly improve half from the elongated needle-shaped graininess for being changed into fine uniform for the form of eutectic Si in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
The intensity and plasticity of state pack alloy.
Yb element main function in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy is the nodularization for promoting α-Al crystal grain.The spherical shape of α-Al crystal grain
Degree is higher, and the mobility of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry is then better, is better suited for Semi-solid Thixo-Casting.Traditional aluminium alloy half is solid
State slurry preparation method mainly obtains the higher ball of sphericity by increasing speed of agitator or extending the methods of mixing time
Shape or subsphaeroidal α-Al crystal grain.Inventor has found that rare earth element y b is a kind of surface active element, is added by lot of experiments
The Yb element for adding 0.05~0.1% can significantly promote the nodularization process of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy α-Al crystal grain of the present invention, in phase
Under same preparation process condition, semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy can be made to obtain the higher α-Al crystal grain of sphericity, it is solid to significantly improve half
State pack alloy mobility.
Fe element is inevitable impurity element in aluminium alloy, and coarse needle-shaped Al-Fe- is frequently formed in aluminium alloy
Si system richness Fe phase, this coarse needle-shaped richness Fe, which meets, seriously isolates alloy matrix aluminum, be cause traditional pack alloy intensity and
The main reason for plasticity is lower.Inventor had found by lot of experiments, Impurity Fe in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
Content is controlled≤0.2%, then adds 0.1~0.15% V element, changes and inhibit the growth side of richness Fe phase by V element
To making rich Fe phase from the graininess of coarse needle-shaped fine degenerate fine uniform, eliminate richness Fe with respect to intensity of aluminum alloy and modeling
Property influence, it can be ensured that semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy obtains high-intensitive and high-ductility.
The present invention controls containing for each component by optimization Si, Mg, Cu main alloying element, the elements such as addition Ti, V, Sb, Yb
It is good and with excellent semisolid pressure that, plasticity high with intensity is prepared in amount, and by the mutually coordinated cooperation of each component
The tough aluminium alloy of height of casting process performance.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned tough aluminium alloy of height, including following steps are provided
It is rapid:
1S ingredient and melting: taking raw material silicon source, magnesium source, copper source, silicon source, titanium source, vanadium source, antimony source, ytterbium source by a group distribution, will
Melting is heated with the raw material taken, obtains aluminum alloy melt, wherein smelting temperature is 700~750 DEG C；
2S semi solid slurry preparation: by step 1S resulting aluminum alloy melt use stir method for oscillating be prepared into temperature for
580~610 DEG C of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry；
3S die cast: by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry die cast of step 2S, obtaining semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy,
Wherein, cast temperature is 300~350 DEG C, injection speed is 1.5~2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure is 30~50MPa, boost pressure
For 60~80MPa, the dwell time is 8~12s；
4S combination heat treatment: by solution treatment at a temperature of 545~550 DEG C of the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S
6~8h, after water quenching, 3~5h of ageing treatment at a temperature of 200~205 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
Above-mentioned preparation method is according to 1S)~4S) sequence successively carry out.
In step 1S, the instant silicon that silicon source is 99.9%, the magnesium ingot that magnesium source is 99.95%, the electrolysis that copper source is 99.99%
Copper, the aluminium ingot that silicon source is 99.7%, titanium source are Al-10Ti alloy, and vanadium source is Al-5V alloy, and antimony source is Al-10Sb alloy, ytterbium
Source is Al-5Yb alloy.The elements such as Fe, Zn, Ni, Li, Mn, Zr, Sr, Sc, Cr, Er, Sn, Pb be aluminium ingot, instant silicon, magnesium ingot and
Common impurity element in cathode copper, these impurity elements are changed between will form hard and crisp or low melting point metal in aluminium alloy
Object is closed, becomes the formation of crack and direction of crack propagation of aluminium alloy forced breakage, the intensity and plasticity of severe exacerbation aluminium alloy, because
This, these impurity elements must be controlled strictly.The present invention passes through the instant of the aluminium ingot, 99.9% for selecting purity to be 99.7%
Silicon, 99.95% magnesium ingot, 99.99% cathode copper as raw material, the content of Impurity Fe can be controlled 0.2% with
Under, the single content of the impurity elements such as Zn, Ni, Li, Mn, Zr, Sr, Sc, Cr, Er, Sn, Pb is less than less than 0.05%, total amount
0.15%, it is ensured that semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy obtains high-intensitive and high-ductility.
In step 2S, stirring method for oscillating is used to be prepared into temperature as 580~610 DEG C the resulting aluminum alloy melt of step 1S
Aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry.Wherein, the preferred mechanical stirring of stirring method for oscillating, electromagnetic agitation or ultrasonic vibration method, and
The specific stirring of setting or vibration parameters.The size of α-Al crystal grain is smaller in aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry, sphericity is higher, aluminium
The mobility of alloy semi-solid slurry is better, is more conducive to Semi-solid Thixo-Casting.Therefore, acquisition size is tiny, sphericity is high
α-Al crystal grain aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry be realize semisolid pressure casting essential condition.Inventor is sent out by lot of experiments
It is existing, mechanical stirring stick revolving speed is 150~250 revs/min, mixing time is 5~10 seconds or electromagnetic agitation frequency be 40~
50 hertz, mixing time is 10~15 seconds or ultrasonic frequency vibratory is 20~30 hertz, time of vibration is 5~10 seconds conditions
Under, aluminium alloy of the invention can obtain the α-Al crystal grain aluminium alloy that average diameter is greater than 0.8 less than 50 microns, average spherical degree
Semi solid slurry, this aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry have excellent mobility, are very suitable for Semi-solid Thixo-Casting.
In step 3S, set cast temperature as 300~350 DEG C, injection speed be 1.5~2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure 30
~50MPa, boost pressure are 60~80MPa, and the dwell time is 8~12s.The microscopic structure of semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy is spherical shape
It is formed with subsphaeroidal α-Al crystal grain and eutectic phase, this tissue is made of α-Al dendrite with eutectic phase with traditional pack alloy
Microscopic structure it is different, determine the heat treatment process of semisolid pressure casting technological parameter and its semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy also with tradition
There is also biggish differences for die-casting process and heat treatment process.Die-casting process of the inventor to semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of the present invention
Found after carrying out system research with solid solution aging technique, mold cavity temperature be 300~350 DEG C, injection speed be 1.5~
Under the conditions of 2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure are 30~50MPa, boost pressure is 60~80MPa and the dwell time is 8~12 seconds, by aluminium
Alloy semi-solid slurry semisolid pressure casting can satisfy the forming of the components of various shape complexity, avoid filling type at aluminium alloy
Process, which generates, splashes and is involved in gas and field trash.
In step 4S, by semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy 545~550 DEG C solution treatment 6~8 hours, after water quenching, 200
~205 DEG C ageing treatment 3~5 hours, after furnace cooling, desired intensity and plasticity is can be obtained in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy, i.e.,
Tensile strength is greater than 300MPa, and yield strength is greater than 280MPa, and elongation is greater than 8%.If semisolid pressure casting technique and solid solution
For aging technique not in above-mentioned matching range, desired intensity and plasticity is not achieved in semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy.
The present invention, can by optimizing the processing steps such as semi solid slurry preparation, die cast in aluminium alloy preparation process
To obtain average grain diameter less than 50 microns, aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry of the crystal grain average spherical degree greater than 0.8, further mention
The high die-casting process performance of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry, meet high intensity, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminum alloy spare part partly
Solid die casting production requirement.
Its advantages are embodied in:
First, the present invention is high, and tough aluminium alloy is made of elements such as Si, Mg, Cu, in optimization Si, Mg, Cu main alloying element
On the basis of, addition Ti element refines α-Al crystal grain, and addition V element fine degenerate Fe-riched phase, addition Sb element fine degenerate are total
Brilliant Si phase, addition Yb element promote α-Al granulation, and control the content of these elements and impurity element, make it mutually
Cooperation, the aluminium alloy finally made have the semisolid pressure casting processing performance that intensity is high, plasticity is good and excellent
Second, the present invention is by optimizing the techniques step such as semi solid slurry preparation, die cast in aluminium alloy preparation process
Suddenly, the aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry that average grain diameter is greater than 0.8 less than 50 microns, crystal grain average spherical degree can be obtained, into
One step improves the die-casting process performance of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry, meets high intensity, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminium alloy zero
The semisolid pressure casting production requirement of part.
Third, the tough aluminium alloy of the height of the invention remarkable advantage good with intensity height and plasticity, tensile strength are greater than
300MPa, yield strength be greater than 280MPa, elongation be greater than 8%, be suitable for semisolid pressure casting technique preparation, be satisfied with automobile,
High intensity needed for the fields such as electronic apparatus, high-end equipment, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminum alloy spare part.
The selection of the preparation component and its content of the tough aluminium alloy of height of the invention, height is tough aluminium alloy preparation method
Beneficial effect will be provided specific experiment data by embodiment and will be illustrated.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.It should be noted that
In the case where not conflicting, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can mutual any combination.
Embodiment 1
High tough aluminium alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 6.5%, Mg 0.25%, Cu 0.15%,
Ti 0.06%, V 0.1%, Sb 0.05%, Yb 0.05%, Fe≤0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.This is high-strength
The preparation method of tough aluminium alloy the following steps are included:
1S ingredient and melting: match by said components the instant silicon, 99.95% that take raw material 99.9% magnesium ingot, 99.99%
Cathode copper, 99.7% aluminium ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-5V alloy, Al-10Sb alloy, Al-5Yb alloy, will be with the raw material taken
Melting is heated, aluminum alloy melt is obtained, wherein smelting temperature is 750 DEG C；
The preparation of 2S semi solid slurry: aluminum alloy melt obtained by step 1S is 200 revs/min, stirred in mechanical stirring revolving speed
Time is prepared into the aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry that temperature is 610 DEG C under the conditions of being 8 seconds；
3S die cast: by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry of step 2S mold cavity temperature be 300 DEG C, injection speed
Degree is 1.5m/s, injection ratio pressure 50MPa, boost pressure are 80MPa and the dwell time is die cast under the conditions of 12 seconds, obtains half
Solid die casting aluminium alloy；
4S combination heat treatment: by the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S at a temperature of 545 DEG C solution treatment 8h, water
After quenching, ageing treatment 3h at a temperature of 205 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
Embodiment 2
High tough aluminium alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7.5%, Mg 0.45%, Cu 0.25%,
Ti 0.09%, V 0.15%, Sb 0.1%, Yb 0.1%, Fe≤0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements, other miscellaneous
The single content of prime element is less than 0.05%, and other impurity element total contents are less than 0.15%.The preparation side of the height is tough aluminium alloy
Method the following steps are included:
1S ingredient and melting: match by said components the instant silicon, 99.95% that take raw material 99.9% magnesium ingot, 99.99%
Cathode copper, 99.7% aluminium ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-5V alloy, Al-10Sb alloy, Al-5Yb alloy, will be with the raw material taken
Melting is heated, aluminum alloy melt is obtained, wherein smelting temperature is 700 DEG C；
The preparation of 2S semi solid slurry: after aluminum alloy melt obtained by step 1S is carried out refining degasification slagging-off using carbon trichloride,
It is 580 DEG C that aluminum alloy melt, which is prepared into temperature, under the conditions of electromagnetic agitation frequency is 45 hertz, the electromagnetic agitation time is 12 seconds
Aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry；
3S die cast: being 350 DEG C, injection in mold cavity temperature by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry of step 2S
Speed is 2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure 30MPa, boost pressure are 60MPa and the dwell time is die cast under the conditions of 8 seconds, is obtained
Semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy
4S combination heat treatment: by the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S at a temperature of 550 DEG C solution treatment 6h, water
After quenching, ageing treatment 5h at a temperature of 200 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
Embodiment 3
High tough aluminium alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 9.5%, Mg 0.65%, Cu 0.2%, Ti
0.07%, V 0.12%, Sb 0.06%, Yb 0.08%, Fe≤0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements, other impurity
The single content of element is less than 0.05%, and other impurity element total contents are less than 0.15%.The preparation method of the height is tough aluminium alloy
The following steps are included:
1S ingredient and melting: match by said components the instant silicon, 99.95% that take raw material 99.9% magnesium ingot, 99.99%
Cathode copper, 99.7% aluminium ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-5V alloy, Al-10Sb alloy, Al-5Yb alloy, will be with the raw material taken
Melting is heated, aluminum alloy melt is obtained, wherein smelting temperature is 700 DEG C；
The preparation of 2S semi solid slurry: after aluminum alloy melt obtained by step 1S is carried out refining degasification slagging-off using carbon trichloride,
Aluminum alloy melt the aluminium that temperature is 595 DEG C is prepared under the conditions of ultrasonic frequency vibratory is 25 hertz, time of vibration is 5 seconds to close
Golden semi solid slurry；
3S die cast: being 330 DEG C, injection speed by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry mold cavity temperature of step 2S
For 2m/s, injection ratio pressure 40MPa, boost pressure be 70MPa and the dwell time be 10 seconds under the conditions of die cast, obtain semisolid
Pack alloy
4S combination heat treatment: by the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S at a temperature of 548 DEG C solution treatment 7h, water
After quenching, ageing treatment 4h at a temperature of 202 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
The used in amounts of 1~embodiment of embodiment, 3 each component meets proportionate relationship of the present invention, those skilled in the art
It can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual situation based on above-mentioned preparation method.
Comparative example
Beneficial effect in order to further illustrate the present invention selects the more common A356 aluminium of current semisolid pressure casting technique to close
Gold embodiment as a comparison, wherein A356 aluminium alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 6.5%, Mg
0.30%, Cu 0.1%, Ti 0.2%, Mn0.05%, Fe 0.11%, Zn0.05%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
Test case
(1) Mechanics Performance Testing: National Standard of the People's Republic of China GMN/T16865-2013 is pressed, by above-described embodiment 1
~3 are processed into standard tensile specimen with the aluminium alloy of comparative example, and room temperature drawing is carried out on DNS500 type electronic tensile test machine
Stretch mechanical property, wherein rate of extension is 2 mm/mins.
(2) it crystal grain parameter testing: is sampled on above-described embodiment 1~3 and the aluminium alloy of comparative example, sample is ground, thrown
After light and corrosion, the microscopic structure of aluminium alloy is observed under OLYMPUS metallographic microscope, using equal-area-circle diameter method point
The average diameter of analysis measurement α-Al crystal grain, the average spherical degree of measurement α-Al crystal grain is analyzed using equivalent circularity method.
The mechanical property of the aluminium alloy of Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example, the results are shown in Table 1 for crystal grain parameter testing, wherein
Performance detection and crystal grain parameter testing have been characterized with the same terms same time:
Mechanical property, the crystal grain parameter testing result of 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and comparative example aluminium alloy
From above-mentioned test case it will be seen that the aluminium alloy of Examples 1 to 3 is carried out mechanical test, aluminium of the invention
Strength of alloy is greater than 300MPa, and yield strength is greater than 280MPa, and the average diameter that elongation is greater than 8%, α-Al crystal grain is small
It is greater than 0.8 in the average spherical degree of 50 microns, α-Al crystal grain, the mechanics such as tensile strength, yield strength of aluminium alloy of the invention
Performance and crystal grain performance parameters are far superior to comparative example, show that semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of the present invention has intensity height, plasticity
Good advantage and excellent semisolid pressure casting processing performance, is suitable for semisolid pressure casting automobile, electronic apparatus, high-end equipment etc.
High intensity needed for field, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminum alloy spare part.
In conclusion the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
First, the present invention is high, and tough aluminium alloy is made of elements such as Si, Mg, Cu, in optimization Si, Mg, Cu main alloying element
On the basis of, addition Ti element refines α-Al crystal grain, and addition V element fine degenerate Fe-riched phase, addition Sb element fine degenerate are total
Brilliant Si phase, addition Yb element promote α-Al granulation, and control the content of these elements and impurity element, make it mutually
Cooperation, the aluminium alloy finally made have the semisolid pressure casting processing performance that intensity is high, plasticity is good and excellent
Second, the present invention is by optimizing the techniques step such as semi solid slurry preparation, die cast in aluminium alloy preparation process
Suddenly, the aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry that average grain diameter is greater than 0.8 less than 50 microns, crystal grain average spherical degree can be obtained, into
One step improves the die-casting process performance of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry, meets high intensity, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminium alloy zero
The semisolid pressure casting production requirement of part.
Third, the tough aluminium alloy of the height of the invention remarkable advantage good with intensity height and plasticity, tensile strength are greater than
300MPa, yield strength be greater than 280MPa, elongation be greater than 8%, be suitable for semisolid pressure casting technique preparation, be satisfied with automobile,
High intensity needed for the fields such as electronic apparatus, high-end equipment, high tenacity, high-compactness aluminum alloy spare part.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the tough aluminium alloy of the height.
Finally, it should be noted that herein, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to non-
It is exclusive to include, so that the process, method, article or equipment comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements,
It but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include solid by this process, method, article or equipment
Some elements.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence " including one ... ", it is not excluded that including institute
State in the process, method, article or equipment of element that there is also other identical elements.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations.Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1S ingredient and melting: taking raw material silicon source, magnesium source, copper source, silicon source, titanium source, vanadium source, antimony source, ytterbium source by a group distribution, will match and take
Raw material heat melting, obtain aluminum alloy melt, wherein smelting temperature be 700~750 DEG C；
The preparation of 2S semi solid slurry: step 1S resulting aluminum alloy melt use stir method for oscillating be prepared into temperature for 580~
610 DEG C of aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry；
3S die cast: by the resulting aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry die cast of step 2S, obtaining semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy,
In, cast temperature is 300~350 DEG C, injection speed is 1.5~2.5m/s, injection ratio pressure is 30~50MPa, boost pressure is
60~80MPa, dwell time are 8~12s；
4S combination heat treatment: by the resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy of step 3S at a temperature of 545~550 DEG C solution treatment 6~
8h, after water quenching, 3~5h of ageing treatment at a temperature of 200~205 DEG C obtains high tough aluminium alloy after furnace cooling；
The tough aluminium alloy of height is made using semisolid pressure casting technology, and the tough aluminium alloy of height is by following mass percent
At being grouped as: Si 6.5~9.5%, Mg 0.25~0.65%, Cu 0.15~0.25%, Ti0.06~0.09%, V 0.1~
0.15%, Sb 0.05~0.1%, Yb 0.05~0.1%, Fe≤0.2%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tough aluminium alloy of height uses semisolid pressure casting technology
It is made, the tough aluminium alloy of height is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si7.0~9.0%, Mg 0.30~0.60%,
Cu 0.18~0.23%, Ti 0.07~0.08%, V 0.11~0.14%, Sb 0.06~0.09%, Yb 0.06~
0.09%, Fe≤0.18%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tough aluminium alloy of height uses semisolid pressure casting technology
It is made, the tough aluminium alloy of height is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si8%, Mg 0.5%, Cu 0.2%, Ti
0.075%, V 0.12%, Sb 0.08%, Yb 0.08%, Fe≤0.15%, remaining is Al and other impurity elements.
4. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: other single content < 0.05% of impurity element, it is other miscellaneous
Prime element total content < 0.15%.
5. the preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preparation method, which includes, further includes
Following steps:
Or 2S semi solid slurry preparation: it after the resulting aluminum alloy melt of step 1S is carried out refining degasification slagging-off, is vibrated using stirring
Method is prepared into the aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry that temperature is 580~610 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the speed that the silicon source is 99.9%
Molten silicon, the magnesium ingot that the magnesium source is 99.95%, the cathode copper that copper source is 99.99%, the aluminium that source of aluminium is 99.7%
Ingot, the titanium source are Al-10Ti alloy, and the vanadium source is Al-5V alloy, and the antimony source is Al-10Sb alloy, and the ytterbium source is
Al-5Yb alloy.
7. the preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2S, the stirring
Method for oscillating includes mechanical stirring, electromagnetic agitation or ultrasonic vibration method, wherein the mixing speed of the mechanical agitation methods is
150~250 revs/min, mixing time is 5~10s；The stirring frequency of the electromagnetic agitation method is 40~50 hertz, stirring
Time is 10~15s；The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration method is 20~30 hertz, and time of vibration is 5~10s.
8. the preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3S, cast temperature
For 310~340 DEG C, injection speed be 1.7~2.2m/s, injection ratio pressure is 35~45MPa, boost pressure is 65~75MPa, is protected
The pressure time is 9~10s.
9. the preparation method of high tough aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4S, by step 3S
Resulting semisolid pressure casting aluminium alloy 6.5~7.5h of solution treatment at a temperature of 546~548 DEG C, after water quenching, at 202~204 DEG C
At a temperature of 3.5~4.5h of ageing treatment.
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