CN108271240A - A kind of method and apparatus in UE for power adjustment, base station - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus in UE for power adjustment, base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN108271240A CN108271240A CN201710046153.3A CN201710046153A CN108271240A CN 108271240 A CN108271240 A CN 108271240A CN 201710046153 A CN201710046153 A CN 201710046153A CN 108271240 A CN108271240 A CN 108271240A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
- H04W52/146—Uplink power control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/22—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
- H04W52/225—Calculation of statistics, e.g. average, variance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/246—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter calculated in said terminal
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the method and apparatus in a kind of UE for power adjustment, base station.UE receives K Target Wireless signal, then receives Q target information and sends the first wireless signal.The K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The transmission power of first wireless signal is the first power.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path loss.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power offset, the Q power offset be used for determining first power.The present invention is by will be the average value of first power and the K path loss and the Q power offset and associated, under the scene of application beam shaping, the method of adjustment of new first power of design, optimize determining for uplink transmission power, and then improve the performance of uplink and the efficiency of power distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transmission method and device that power adjustment is supported in wireless communication system more particularly to base station sides
The transmission plan and device of the support power adjustment in the wireless communication system of a large amount of antennas are affixed one's name to.
Background technology
In existing LTE (Long Term Evolution, long term evolution) system, path in uplink power control mechanism
Loss (Pathloss) be by being multiplied by corresponding compensating factor conversion to the determining of ascending power among, and path loss is
Pass through CRS (Cell Reference Signal, cell reference signals) or CSI-RS (Channel State
Information Reference Signal, channel state information reference signals) in fixed AP (Antenna Port, day
Line end mouth) on obtain, and for UE, the fixed AP is constant.
Large scale (Massive) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output, multiple-input and multiple-output) becomes
One research hotspot of next generation mobile communication.In large scale MIMO, mutiple antennas forms relatively narrow wave beam by beam shaping
It is directed toward a certain party and always improves communication quality.The biography passed through due to the narrower in width of wave beam, the wave beam being pointed in different directions
Defeated path be it is different, this cause using different beams excipient vector signal experience it is long when channel fading between it is apparent poor
It is different.Difference when this long between channel fading brings new ask to the compensation of the path loss in uplink power control mechanism
Topic.
Invention content
Inventor the study found that by way of a kind of directly path loss compensation under large scale MIMO scene just
It is the reference signal calculating correspondence that each wave beam is sent using independent compensation, UE for the corresponding antenna port group of different beams
Path loss, uplink transmission power is then determined according to corresponding path loss.However, such method is apparent there are one
Problem, it is above-mentioned based on each when UE is configured simultaneously mutiple antennas port set, and the switching between mutiple antennas group is more frequent
The power control mechanism of the independent path loss compensation of antenna port group can bring huge complexity to uplink power control.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides solutions.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, this Shen
The feature in embodiment and embodiment please can be arbitrarily combined with each other.For example, embodiment and embodiment in the UE of the application
In feature can be applied in base station, vice versa.
The invention discloses a kind of method being used in the UE of power adjustment, wherein, include the following steps：
Step A. receives K Target Wireless signal；
Step B. receives Q target information；
Step C. sends the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The hair of first wireless signal
It is the first power to send power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K
An antenna port group in a antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path damage
Consumption.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power excursion
Amount, the Q power offset be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer day
Line end mouth.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
As one embodiment, the speciality of the above method is：The average value of the K path loss is used for determining institute
It states the first power rather than K path loss independently corresponds to K uplink transmission power, avoid uplink transmission power because corresponding
Transmission power recalculates caused by the change of antenna port group, reduces the complexity of UE uplink power controls.
As one embodiment, one of the above method is advantageous in that：The Q power offset and be used for determining
First power, and then realize the work(of traditional TPC (Transmission Power Control, transmitting power control)
Energy.
As one embodiment, another of the above method is advantageous in that：Under large scale MIMO, there are UE at the K
The scene of first antenna port set described in frequent switching in antenna port group, if only determining independence by independent antenna port group
Uplink transmission power, the uplink transmission power will change greatly, and very unstable, be unfavorable for the reception of base station.This hair
The method of bright middle proposition avoids the appearance of the above problem.
As one embodiment, the K is equal to 1.
As one embodiment, the Q is more than 1.
As one embodiment, the K is more than 1, and at least there are two antenna ports in the K antenna port group
Group, the antenna port in described two antenna port groups it is in varying numbers.
As one embodiment, first power and first antenna port set, which are associated, to be referred to：For described first day
The measurement of all antenna ports is used for determining first power in line port set.
As one embodiment, first power and first antenna port set, which are associated, to be referred to：For described first day
The measurement of the part antenna port in line port set is used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, first power and first antenna port set, which are associated, to be referred to：For described first day
The configuration information of line port set is used to determine first power by the UE.
As one embodiment, the antenna port is to pass through antenna virtualization (Virtualization) by more antennas
It is formed by stacking, the mapping coefficient composition beam shaping vector of the more antennas to the antenna port.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the beam shaping corresponding to the different antenna port of any two
It is identical that vector, which cannot be assumed to be,.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the UE cannot be utilized transmitted by two different antenna ports
Reference signal perform joint channel estimation.
As one embodiment, the signal that the antenna port is sent includes RS (Reference Signal, with reference to letter
Number).
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the RS is CSI-RS.
As one embodiment, first antenna port and the second antenna port are belonging respectively to antenna port described in any two
Group, the RS sent by first antenna port and the occupied interface-free resources of RS sent by the second antenna port are orthogonal, institutes
Interface-free resources are stated to include one or more of { time-domain resource, frequency domain resource, code domain resource }.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the interface-free resources are time-domain resources.
As one embodiment, the target information is TPC domains (field).
As one embodiment, the target information passes through DCI (Downlink Control Information, downlink
Control information) instruction, the corresponding DCI format (Format) of the DCI be in form { 0,3,3A, 6-0A } one of.
As one embodiment, the Q power offset and be used for determining that first power refers to：Institute
State the first power and the Q power offset and be linear relationship.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding linear coefficient of the linear relationship is 1.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the unit of the power offset is dB (decibel).
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the power offset be equal in { -4, -1,0,1,3,4 } one of.
As one embodiment, first power is related to the average value of the K path loss to be referred to：It is described
First power and the average value of the K path loss are linear relationships.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding linear coefficient of the linear relationship be equal to 0,0.4,0.5,
One of in 0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1 }.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding linear coefficient of the linear relationship is configurable.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding linear coefficient of linear relationship and first wireless communication
Number signal type it is related.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding linear coefficient of the linear relationship is no less than 0 and less
In 1 real number.
As one embodiment, first power is equal to P1(i), the P1(i) it is determined by the following formula：
P1(i)=min { PMAX,10log10(MPUSCH,c(i))+PO_PUSCH,c(j)+α·PL′+ΔTF,c(i)+fc(i)}
Wherein, i represents that subframe or sequential serial number, the value of j are related with the type of first wireless signal.The PMAX
The corresponding maximum transmission power for distributing to first wireless signal, the MPUSCH,c(i) it is occupied with first wireless signal
Bandwidth it is related, and be configured by high-level signaling, the PO_PUSCH,c(j) it is configured by high-level signaling, the ΔTF,c(i) believe with high-rise
It enables related.The fc(i) it equal to the sum of the Q power offset, and is indicated by TPC.The PL ' is equal to the K path
The average value of loss, the α are that fixed or described α is configured by high-level signaling.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the signal type includes { uplink data channels, initial access correlation
Channel }.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the α is related with the signal type of first wireless signal.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the PL ' is determined by the following formula：
Wherein, PL (l) corresponds to the path that l-th of Target Wireless signal in the K Target Wireless signal reaches the UE
Loss.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the UE when sending first wireless signal on given carrier wave not
Send PUCCH, the P simultaneouslyMAXEqual to PCMAX,c(i), the PCMAX,c(i) definition refers to 3GPP TS (Technical
Specification, technical specification) 36.213 and TS36.101.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the UE is same when sending first wireless signal on given carrier wave
When send PUCCH, the PMAXIt is equal toIt is describedAnd
Definition refer to TS 36.213 and TS 36.101.
As one embodiment, the UE also receives Q1 target information before the Q target information is received, described
Q1 target information is unrelated with first power.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step C further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step C1. sends the first report.
Wherein, the given condition triggering of first report.First report includes the first difference, first difference
It is the difference of the first limitation power and the first reference power.First reference power with it is the Q power offset and linear
Correlation, first reference power are related to the average value of the K path loss.The specified criteria include it is following at least it
One：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is
Change maximum path loss in the K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is
Change minimum path loss in the K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
As one embodiment, the speciality of the above method is：PHR (Power Headroom in existing system
Report, power head room are reported) report be based only in CRS or CSI-RS path loss measurement result on fixed AP
It is fed back.Under large scale MIMO, when UE is configured for mutiple antennas port set, the part in the multiple antenna port group
PHR is reported for triggering PHR or base station instruction UE with the path loss measured in whole antenna port groups, is avoided because more
PHR is frequently triggered caused by the too fast variation of some path loss in a path loss, and then avoids waste ascending resource.
As one embodiment, the unit of first difference is decibel.
As one embodiment, first difference is PH (Power Headroom, power head room), first report
Announcement is PHR.
As one embodiment, first difference is PH (i), and the PH (i) is determined by the following formula：
PH (i)=PCMAX,c(i)-{10log10(MPUSCH,c(i))+PO_PUSCH,c(j)+α·PL′+ΔTF,c(i)+fc(i)}
Wherein, the i represents that subframe or sequential serial number, the value of j are related with the type of first wireless signal.It is described
PCMAX,c(i) the maximum transmission power of corresponding first wireless signal, the MPUSCH,c(i) it is accounted for first wireless signal
Bandwidth is related, and is configured by high-level signaling, the PO_PUSCH,c(j) and the ΔTF,c(i) it is configured by high-level signaling.It is described
fc(i) sum of the corresponding Q power offset, and indicated by TPC.The corresponding K path losses of the PL ' are averaged
Value.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the signal type includes { uplink data channels, initial access correlation
Channel }.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the α is related with the signal type of first wireless signal.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the PL ' is determined by the following formula：
Wherein, PL (l) corresponds to the path that l-th of Target Wireless signal in the K Target Wireless signal reaches the UE
Loss.
As one embodiment, first wireless signal includes the described first report.
As one embodiment, the first threshold is fixed or high-level signaling configuration.
As one embodiment, the second threshold is fixed or high-level signaling configuration.
As one embodiment, the third threshold value is fixed or high-level signaling configuration.
As one embodiment, RRC (Radio Resource Control, wireless heterogeneous networks) signaling dl-
PathlossChange includes at least one of { first threshold, the second threshold, described third threshold value }.
As one embodiment, the target signaling is dynamic signaling or the target signaling is high-level signaling.
As one embodiment, the given timer is prohibitPHR-Timer.
As one embodiment, the given timer is periodicPHR-Timer.
As one embodiment, the variation of the average value of the K path loss refers to more than first threshold：It is described
The average value of K path loss corresponds to reference path loss, in given time window, the reference path that the UE is detected
The difference of the maximum value of loss and the minimum value of reference path loss is more than the first threshold.The given time window corresponds to
The duration of the prohibitPHR-Timer.
As one embodiment, the variation of the first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold,
The first path loss is to change maximum path loss in the K path loss to refer to：It is described in given time window
The difference of the maximum value for the first path loss that UE is detected and the minimum value of first path loss is more than described second
Threshold value.The given time window corresponds to the duration of the prohibitPHR-Timer.
As one embodiment, the variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value,
Second path loss is to change minimum path loss in the K path loss to refer to：It is described in given time window
The difference of the maximum value for second path loss that UE is detected and the minimum value of second path loss is more than the third
Threshold value.The given time window corresponds to the duration of the prohibitPHR-Timer.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step B further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step B1. receives Q downlink signaling.
Wherein, the Q downlink signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling is the Q downlink signaling
In the downlink signaling that receives at the latest, first signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the tune
It spends information and includes { occupied time-domain resource, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS (Modulation and Coding
Status, modulation coding state), NDI (New Data Indicator, new data instruction), RV (Redundancy
Version, redundancy versions), HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest, hybrid automatic repeat-request) process
At least one of number.
As one embodiment, the speciality of the above method is：The downlink signaling is including the same of the target information
When, it is additionally operable to uplink scheduling.Save control signaling expense.
As one embodiment, the downlink signaling is dynamic signaling.
As one embodiment, the occupied time-domain resource of any two downlink signaling in the K downlink signaling is not
Together.
As one embodiment, the downlink signaling is DCI.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the corresponding DCI of the downlink signaling uses Format 0 or described
The corresponding DCI of downlink signaling is used using Format 6-0A.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the downlink signaling is the DCI that (UL Grant) is authorized for uplink.
As one embodiment, the downlink signaling is used for determining the first antenna port set in the K antenna
Index in port set.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the downlink signaling includes K1 bit, and the K1 ratio refers in particular to
Show index of the first antenna port set in the K antenna port group, the K1 is positive integer.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the downlink signaling is identified by the first ID (Identity, mark),
Index of the first antenna port set in the K antenna port group be used to generate the first ID.
As one embodiment, the downlink signaling is identified by the first ID.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, CRC (the Cyclic Redundancy in the downlink signaling
Check, cyclic redundancy check) bit is by the first ID scramblers.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the first ID is RNTI (Radio Network Tempory
Identity, radio network temporary identifier).
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, when the first ID is used for determining that the downlink signaling is occupied
Frequency resource.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step A further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step A0. receives the first information.
Wherein, the first information includes K blockette, the K blockette and the K antenna port group one
One corresponds to, and the blockette indicates { index of the corresponding antenna port group, the parameter of the corresponding antenna port group
At least one of set }.The parameter sets of the corresponding first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, the first information only comprising a path loss compensating factor, mend by the path loss
It repays the factor and is directed to given antenna port group.The transmission power of wireless signal corresponding with the given port set is damaged with reference path
Linear coefficient between consumption is the path loss compensating factor.The reference path loss is the flat of the K path loss
Mean value, the given antenna port group are any one antenna port groups in the K antenna port group.
As one embodiment, the K blockette it is expected power comprising K type one respectively.The K type one
It is expected that power is corresponded with the K antenna port group.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the K antenna port group and K up-link wireless signal one are a pair of
It should.The transmission power of the K up-link wireless signal it is expected that power linear is related to the K type one respectively.
As an accompanying Examples of sub- embodiment, the linear coefficient of the linear correlation is 1.
As an accompanying Examples of sub- embodiment, the type one it is expected that power is that antenna port group is exclusive；Or
Type one described in person it is expected that power is that wave beam is exclusive (Beam Specific).
As one embodiment, the first information only it is expected power comprising a type two.The type two it is expected work(
Rate is unrelated with any one antenna port group in the K antenna port group.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the type two it is expected that power is user-specific (UE-
Specific)。
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the type two it is expected that power is the exclusive (Cell- of cell
Specific)。
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, the transmission power of the UE up-link wireless signal and type second phase
Hope that power linear is related.
As an accompanying Examples of the sub- embodiment, the linear coefficient of the linear correlation is 1.
As one embodiment, the first information belongs to UplinkPowerControl IE.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step A further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step A10. receives the second information.
Wherein, second information is used for determining the first expectation power, and the first expectation power is used for determining institute
State the first power.
As one embodiment, second information is p0-UE-PUSCH domains.
As one embodiment, first power it is expected that power linear is related to described first, the linear correlation
Linear coefficient is 1.
As one embodiment, second information belongs to the first information, and described first it is expected described in power correspondence
Type two it is expected power.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, described first it is expected power and appointing in the K antenna port group
An antenna port group of anticipating is unrelated.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, described first it is expected that power is UE exclusive.
As a sub- embodiment of the embodiment, described first it is expected that power is that cell is exclusive.
The invention discloses a kind of method being used in the base station of power adjustment, wherein, include the following steps：
Step A. sends K Target Wireless signal；
Step B. sends Q target information；
Step C. receives the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The hair of first wireless signal
It is the first power to send power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K
An antenna port group in a antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path damage
Consumption.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power excursion
Amount, the Q power offset be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer day
Line end mouth.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step C further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step C1. receives the first report.
Wherein, the given condition triggering of first report.First report includes the first difference, first difference
It is the difference of the first limitation power and the first reference power.First reference power with it is the Q power offset and linear
Correlation, first reference power are related to the average value of the K path loss.The specified criteria include it is following at least it
One：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is
Change maximum path loss in the K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is
Change minimum path loss in the K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step B further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step B1. sends Q downlink signaling.
Wherein, the Q downlink signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling is the Q downlink signaling
In the downlink signaling that receives at the latest, first signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the tune
Spend information include { occupied time-domain resource, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI } at least it
One.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step A further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step A0. sends the first information.
Wherein, the first information includes K blockette, the K blockette and the K antenna port group one
One corresponds to, and the blockette indicates { index of the corresponding antenna port group, the parameter of the corresponding antenna port group
At least one of set }.The parameter sets of the corresponding first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
Specifically, according to an aspect of the present invention, the above method is characterized in that, the step A further includes following step
Suddenly：
Step A10. sends the second information.
Wherein, second information is used for determining the first expectation power, and the first expectation power is used for determining institute
State the first power.
The invention discloses a kind of user equipment for being used for power adjustment, wherein, including following module：
- the first receiving module：For receiving K Target Wireless signal；
- the second receiving module：For receiving Q target information；
- the first sending module：For sending the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The hair of first wireless signal
It is the first power to send power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K
An antenna port group in a antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path damage
Consumption.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power excursion
Amount, the Q power offset be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer day
Line end mouth.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
As one embodiment, first receiving module is additionally operable to receive the first information.The first information includes K
Blockette, the K blockette and the K antenna port group correspond, and the blockette indicates { corresponding institute
At least one of state the index of antenna port group, the parameter sets of the corresponding antenna port group }.It is described first day corresponding
The parameter sets of line port set are used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, first receiving module is additionally operable to receive the second information.Second information is used for
Determine the first expectation power, the first expectation power is used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, second receiving module is additionally operable to receive Q downlink signaling.The Q downlink signaling
Respectively include the Q target information.First signaling is the downlink signaling received at the latest in the Q downlink signaling,
First signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the scheduling information include occupied time-domain resource,
At least one of occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
As one embodiment, first sending module is additionally operable to send the first report.First report is given
Condition triggers.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the first limitation power and the first reference power
Difference.For first reference power to the Q power offset and linear related, first reference power is a with the K
The average value of path loss is related.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is
Change maximum path loss in the K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is
Change minimum path loss in the K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
The invention discloses a kind of base station equipment for being used for power adjustment, wherein, including following module：
- the second sending module：For sending K Target Wireless signal；
Third sending module：For sending Q target information；
Third receiving module：For receiving the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The hair of first wireless signal
It is the first power to send power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K
An antenna port group in a antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path damage
Consumption.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power excursion
Amount, the Q power offset be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer day
Line end mouth.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
As one embodiment, second sending module is additionally operable to send the first information.The first information includes K
Blockette, the K blockette and the K antenna port group correspond, and the blockette indicates { corresponding institute
At least one of state the index of antenna port group, the parameter sets of the corresponding antenna port group }.It is described first day corresponding
The parameter sets of line port set are used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, second sending module is additionally operable to send the second information.Second information is used for
Determine the first expectation power, the first expectation power is used for determining first power.
As one embodiment, the third sending module is additionally operable to send Q downlink signaling.The Q downlink signaling
Respectively include the Q target information.First signaling is the downlink signaling received at the latest in the Q downlink signaling,
First signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the scheduling information include occupied time-domain resource,
At least one of occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
As one embodiment, the third receiving module is additionally operable to receive the first report.First report is given
Condition triggers.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the first limitation power and the first reference power
Difference.For first reference power to the Q power offset and linear related, first reference power is a with the K
The average value of path loss is related.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is
Change maximum path loss in the K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is
Change minimum path loss in the K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
Compared to existing public technology, the present invention has following technical advantage：
- is used for determining that first power rather than K path are damaged by designing the average value of the K path loss
The independent corresponding K uplink transmission power of consumption, avoids uplink transmission power because caused by the change of respective antenna port set
Transmission power recalculates, and reduces the complexity of UE uplink power controls.
Q power offset described in- and be used for determining first power, and then realize the work(of traditional TPC
Energy.And under large scale MIMO, there are the fields of UE first antenna port sets described in frequent switching in the K antenna port group
Scape, if only determining independent uplink transmission power by independent antenna port group, the uplink transmission power will change compared with
Greatly, it is and very unstable, it is unfavorable for the reception of base station.The method proposed in the present invention avoids the appearance of the above problem.
The path loss that the report of PHR is based only in CRS or CSI-RS on fixed AP in-existing systems measures knot
Fruit is fed back.Under large scale MIMO, when UE is configured for mutiple antennas port set, the portion in the multiple antenna port group
Point and whole antenna port groups on the path loss that measures report PHR for triggering PHR or base station instruction UE, avoid because
PHR is frequently triggered caused by the too fast variation of some path loss in multiple path losses, and then avoids waste ascending resource.
Description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description made to non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings, of the invention is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent：
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the first wireless signal transmission according to an embodiment of the invention；
The RS's sent in a time/frequency source block Fig. 2 shows antenna port according to an embodiment of the invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of antenna port group according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows the structure diagram of the processing unit in UE according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 shows the structure diagram of the processing unit in base station according to an embodiment of the invention；
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, it should be noted that do not rushing
In the case of prominent, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with each other.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 illustrates the flow chart of first wireless signal transmission according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1.It is attached
In Fig. 1, base station N1 is the maintenance base station of the serving cell of UE U2.The step of box F0 and box F1 is identified is optional respectively.
ForBase station N1, the first information is sent in step slo, sends the second information in step s 11, in step S12
K Target Wireless signal of middle transmission, sends Q downlink signaling in step s 13, and Q target information is sent in step S14,
The first wireless signal is received in step S15, receives the first report in step s 16.
ForUE U2, the first information is received in step S20, receives the second information in the step s 21, in step S22
K Target Wireless signal is received, Q downlink signaling is received in step S23, receives Q target information in step s 24,
The first wireless signal is sent in step S25, the first report is sent in step S26.
In embodiment 1, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.First wireless signal
Transmission power be the first power, first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is
An antenna port group in the K antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K
Path loss.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power
Offset, the Q power offset and be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer
A antenna port.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.The given condition triggering of first report.First report
Announcement includes the first difference, and first difference is the difference of the first limitation power and the first reference power.First reference power
To the Q power offset and linear related, first reference power and the average value phase of the K path loss
It closes.The Q downlink signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling is received at the latest in the Q downlink signaling
The downlink signaling arrived, first signaling include the scheduling information of first wireless signal, and the scheduling information includes
At least one of { occupied time-domain resource, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.Described
One information includes K blockette, and the K blockette and the K antenna port group correspond, the blockette
It indicates at least one of { index of the corresponding antenna port group, parameter sets of the corresponding antenna port group }.
The parameter sets of the corresponding first antenna port set are used for determining first power.Second information is used for
Determine the first expectation power, the first expectation power is used for determining first power.The specified criteria includes following
At least one：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is
Change maximum path loss in the K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is
Change minimum path loss in the K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
As a sub- embodiment, the base station N1 does not include the step in the step S10 to the step S16
S11, the UE U2 do not include the step S21 in the step S20 to the step S26.
As a sub- embodiment, the base station N1 does not include the step in the step S10 to the step S16
S16, the UE U2 do not include the step S26 in the step S20 to the step S26.
As a sub- embodiment, the base station N1 does not include the step in the step S10 to the step S16
The S11 and step S16, the UE U2 do not include the step S21 and described in the step S20 to the step S26
Step S26.
As a sub- embodiment, the first information is RRC signaling.
As a sub- embodiment, the first information is UE exclusive.
As a sub- embodiment, second information is RRC signaling.
As a sub- embodiment, second information is UE exclusive.
As a sub- embodiment, the corresponding transmission channel of first wireless signal is UL-SCH (Uplink Shared
Channel, Uplink Shared Channel).
As a sub- embodiment, the corresponding physical layer channel of first wireless signal is PUSCH Physical
Uplink Shared Channel, Physical Uplink Shared Channel) or sPUSCH (Short Latency PUSCH, short delay
Physical Uplink Shared Channel).
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 illustrates the schematic diagram for the RS that antenna port according to the present invention is sent in a time/frequency source block.
In attached drawing 2, the box of bold box mark is a time/frequency source block, and the lattice that oblique line is filled is first antenna port at one
The occupied RE of RS (Resource Element, resource unit) sent in time/frequency source block, the lattice for putting filling are
The occupied RE of RS that two antenna ports are sent in a time/frequency source block.The first antenna port and second antenna
Port is belonging respectively to the different antenna port groups in the present invention.
As a sub- embodiment, the time/frequency source block includes 12 subcarriers in frequency domain.
As a sub- embodiment, the time/frequency source block includes 14 OFDM (Orthogonal in time domain
Frequency Division Multiplexing, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol.
As a sub- embodiment, the pattern and institute of RS that the first antenna port is sent in the time/frequency source block
It is identical to state patterns of the RS of the second antenna port transmission in the time/frequency source block.
As a sub- embodiment, the time/frequency source block is PRB (Physical Resource Block, physical resource
Block), patterns of the RS that the first antenna port is sent in the time/frequency source block is patterns of the CSI-RS in PRB, institute
It is patterns of the CSI-RS in PRB to state patterns of the RS of the second antenna port transmission in the time/frequency source block.
As a sub- embodiment, an antenna port is only included in the antenna port group in the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 illustrates the schematic diagram of antenna port group according to the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, K time window and K
A antenna port group corresponds.Time window #0 respective antenna port set #0, time window #m respective antenna port set #m, time
Window # (K-1) respective antenna port set # (K-1).Wherein, m is greater than 0 positive integer for being less than (K-1).Heretofore described
One antenna port group belongs to an antenna port group of K shown antenna port group.The time window #0 to time window # (K-
1) belong to object time resource collection.
As a sub- embodiment, the object time resource collection is continuous in time domain.
As a sub- embodiment, the quantity of antenna port that the different antenna port groups include is identical.
As a sub- embodiment, at least there are the quantity of antenna port that two different antenna port groups include
It is different.
As a sub- embodiment, the antenna port is to be formed by stacking by more antennas by antenna virtualization, described
The mapping coefficient composition beam shaping of more antennas to the antenna port is vectorial.
As a sub- embodiment, any one of occupied multicarrier symbol of time window in the K time window
Number is identical.
As a sub- embodiment, there are two time windows, described two time windows in the K time window
Occupied multicarrier symbol number is different.
One of as a sub- embodiment, in the K time window composition { mini-slot, time slot, subframe }.
One of as a sub- embodiment, in the time window correspondence { mini-slot, time slot, subframe }.
As a sub- embodiment, the multicarrier symbol is { OFDM symbol, SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier
Frequency Division Multiple Access, single carrier frequency division multiplexing access) symbol, FBMC (Filter Bank
Multi Carrier, filter bank multi-carrier) symbol, the OFDM symbol of CP (Cyclic Prefix, cyclic prefix) is included, is wrapped
DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spreading-OFDM, discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum containing CP
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol in one kind.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 4 illustrates the structure diagram of the processing unit in a UE, as shown in Figure 4.In attached drawing 4, UE processing
Device 100 is mainly made of the first receiving module 101, the second receiving module 102 and the first sending module 103.
- the first receiving module 101：For receiving K Target Wireless signal；
- the second receiving module 102：For receiving Q target information；
- the first sending module 103：For sending the first wireless signal.
In embodiment 4, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.First wireless signal
Transmission power be the first power, first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is
An antenna port group in the K antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K
Path loss.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power
Offset, the Q power offset and be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer
A antenna port.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
As a sub- embodiment, first receiving module 101 is additionally operable to receive the first information.The first information packet
K blockette is included, the K blockette and the K antenna port group correspond, and the blockette instruction is { right
At least one of the index of the antenna port group answered, the parameter sets of the corresponding antenna port group }.Described in correspondence
The parameter sets of first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
As a sub- embodiment, first receiving module 101 is additionally operable to receive the second information.The second information quilt
For determining the first expectation power, the first expectation power is used for determining first power.
As a sub- embodiment, second receiving module 102 is additionally operable to receive Q downlink signaling.The Q downlink
Signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling is the downlink letter received at the latest in the Q downlink signaling
It enables, first signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, and the scheduling information includes { occupied time domain money
At least one of source, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
As a sub- embodiment, first sending module 103 is additionally operable to send the first report.The first report quilt
Specified criteria triggers.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the first limitation power and first with reference to work(
The difference of rate.First reference power to the Q power offset and linear related, first reference power with it is described
The average value of K path loss is related.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
Given timer is expired；
As an accompanying Examples of the sub- embodiment, the given timer is prohibitPHR-Timer.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 5 illustrates the structure diagram of the processing unit in a base station equipment, as shown in Figure 5.In attached drawing 5,
Base station equipment processing unit 200 is mainly by 203 groups of the second sending module 201, third sending module 202 and third receiving module
Into.
- the second sending module 201：For sending K Target Wireless signal；
Third sending module 202：For sending Q target information；
Third receiving module 203：For receiving the first wireless signal.
In embodiment 5, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.First wireless signal
Transmission power be the first power, first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is
An antenna port group in the K antenna port group.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K
Path loss.First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power
Offset, the Q power offset and be used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer
A antenna port.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
As a sub- embodiment, second sending module 201 is additionally operable to send the first information.The first information packet
K blockette is included, the K blockette and the K antenna port group correspond, and the blockette instruction is { right
At least one of the index of the antenna port group answered, the parameter sets of the corresponding antenna port group }.Described in correspondence
The parameter sets of first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
As a sub- embodiment, second sending module 201 is additionally operable to send the second information.The second information quilt
For determining the first expectation power, the first expectation power is used for determining first power.
As a sub- embodiment, the third sending module 202 is additionally operable to send Q downlink signaling.The Q downlink
Signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling is the downlink letter received at the latest in the Q downlink signaling
It enables, first signaling includes the scheduling information of first wireless signal, and the scheduling information includes { occupied time domain money
At least one of source, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
As a sub- embodiment, the third receiving module 203 is additionally operable to receive the first report.The first report quilt
Specified criteria triggers.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the first limitation power and first with reference to work(
The difference of rate.First reference power to the Q power offset and linear related, first reference power with it is described
The average value of K path loss is related.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
As an accompanying Examples of the sub- embodiment, the given timer is prohibitPHR-Timer.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the above method can be referred to by program
Related hardware is enabled to complete, described program can be stored in computer readable storage medium, such as read-only memory, hard disk or light
Disk etc..Optionally, all or part of step of above-described embodiment can also be realized using one or more integrated circuit.Phase
It answers, each modular unit in above-described embodiment, example, in hardware realization may be used, it can also be by the form of software function module
It realizes, the application is not limited to the combination of the software and hardware of any particular form.UE and terminal in the present invention include but unlimited
In mobile phone, tablet computer, notebook, vehicular communication equipment, wireless sensor, card of surfing Internet, internet-of-things terminal, RFID terminals, NB-
IOT terminals, MTC (Machine Type Communication, machine type communication) terminal, (enhanced MTC increase eMTC
Strong MTC) terminal, data card, card of surfing Internet, vehicular communication equipment, inexpensive mobile phone, the wireless communications such as inexpensive tablet computer set
It is standby.Base station in the present invention includes but not limited to the channel radios such as macrocell base stations, microcell base station, Home eNodeB, relay base station
Believe equipment.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification for being made, equivalent replacement, improve etc., it should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of method being used in the UE of power adjustment, wherein, include the following steps：
Step A. receives K Target Wireless signal；
Step B. receives Q target information；
Step C. sends the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The transmission work(of first wireless signal
Rate is the first power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K day
An antenna port group in line port set.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path loss.
First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power offset, institute
State Q power offset and it is used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer antenna end
Mouthful.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step C further includes following steps：
Step C1. sends the first report.
Wherein, the given condition triggering of first report.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the
The difference of one limitation power and the first reference power.First reference power to the Q power offset and linear related,
First reference power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is described
Change maximum path loss in K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is described
Change minimum path loss in K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
3. according to claim 1, the method described in 2, which is characterized in that the step B further includes following steps：
Step B1. receives Q downlink signaling.
Wherein, the Q downlink signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling be in the Q downlink signaling most
The downlink signaling received late, first signaling include the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the scheduling letter
Breath includes at least one of { occupied time-domain resource, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
4. according to the method described in claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the step A is further comprising the steps of：
Step A0. receives the first information.
Wherein, the first information includes K blockette, and the K blockette and the K antenna port group one are a pair of
Should, the blockette indicates { index of the corresponding antenna port group, the parameter set of the corresponding antenna port group
At least one of close.The parameter sets of the corresponding first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
5. according to the method described in claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the step A further includes following steps：
Step A10. receives the second information.
Wherein, second information is used for determining the first expectation power, and the first expectation power is used for determining described the
One power.
6. a kind of method being used in the base station of power adjustment, wherein, include the following steps：
Step A. sends K Target Wireless signal；
Step B. sends Q target information；
Step C. receives the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The transmission work(of first wireless signal
Rate is the first power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K day
An antenna port group in line port set.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path loss.
First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power offset, institute
State Q power offset and it is used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer antenna end
Mouthful.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the step C further includes following steps：
Step C1. receives the first report.
Wherein, the given condition triggering of first report.First report includes the first difference, and first difference is the
The difference of one limitation power and the first reference power.First reference power to the Q power offset and linear related,
First reference power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The specified criteria includes at least one of：
The variation of the average value of the K path loss is more than first threshold；
The variation of first path loss in the K path loss is more than second threshold, and the first path loss is described
Change maximum path loss in K path loss；
The variation of the second path loss in the K path loss is more than third threshold value, and second path loss is described
Change minimum path loss in K path loss；
Given timer is expired；
The UE receives target signaling, and the target signaling be used to trigger first report.
8. according to claim 6, the method described in 7, which is characterized in that the step B further includes following steps：
Step B1. sends Q downlink signaling.
Wherein, the Q downlink signaling respectively includes the Q target information.First signaling be in the Q downlink signaling most
The downlink signaling received late, first signaling include the scheduling information of first wireless signal, the scheduling letter
Breath includes at least one of { occupied time-domain resource, occupied frequency domain resource, MCS, HARQ process numbers, RV, NDI }.
9. according to the method described in claim 6-8, which is characterized in that the step A is further comprising the steps of：
Step A0. sends the first information.
Wherein, the first information includes K blockette, and the K blockette and the K antenna port group one are a pair of
Should, the blockette indicates { index of the corresponding antenna port group, the parameter set of the corresponding antenna port group
At least one of close.The parameter sets of the corresponding first antenna port set are used for determining first power.
10. according to the method described in claim 6-9, which is characterized in that the step A further includes following steps：
Step A10. sends the second information.
Wherein, second information is used for determining the first expectation power, and the first expectation power is used for determining described the
One power.
11. a kind of user equipment for being used for power adjustment, wherein, including following module：
- the first receiving module：For receiving K Target Wireless signal；
- the second receiving module：For receiving Q target information；
- the first sending module：For sending the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The transmission work(of first wireless signal
Rate is the first power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K day
An antenna port group in line port set.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path loss.
First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power offset, institute
State Q power offset and it is used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer antenna end
Mouthful.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
12. a kind of base station equipment for being used for power adjustment, wherein, including following module：
- the second sending module：For sending K Target Wireless signal；
Third sending module：For sending Q target information；
Third receiving module：For receiving the first wireless signal.
Wherein, the K Target Wireless signal is sent respectively by K antenna port group.The transmission work(of first wireless signal
Rate is the first power, and first power and first antenna port set are associated, and the first antenna port set is the K day
An antenna port group in line port set.The K Target Wireless signal is respectively used to determine K path loss.
First power is related to the average value of the K path loss.The Q target information indicates Q power offset, institute
State Q power offset and it is used for determining first power.The antenna port group includes positive integer antenna end
Mouthful.The K is positive integer.The Q is positive integer.
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| WO2023165460A1 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method, apparatus, and system |
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| CN102056220A (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for realizing channel measurement |
| WO2016141778A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Channel state information acquisition method, and channel state information feedback method and apparatus |
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