CN108253096B - Electric vehicle speed changer - Google Patents
Electric vehicle speed changer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108253096B CN108253096B CN201711494892.5A CN201711494892A CN108253096B CN 108253096 B CN108253096 B CN 108253096B CN 201711494892 A CN201711494892 A CN 201711494892A CN 108253096 B CN108253096 B CN 108253096B
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- Prior art keywords
- gear
- gear shifting
- shifting
- electromagnet
- shaft
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/083—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
- F16H2061/2853—Electromagnetic solenoids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric vehicle transmission, which comprises a shell, an input shaft, an output shaft, a gear shifting shaft, a quick gear, a slow gear, a gear shifting sliding sleeve, a transverse pin, a spring and a gear shifting electromagnet, wherein the input shaft, the output shaft, the gear shifting shaft, the quick gear, the slow gear, the gear shifting sliding sleeve, the spring and the gear shifting electromagnet are arranged in the shell, the gear shifting sliding sleeve and the gear shifting shaft can be in sliding driving fit, the quick gear and the slow gear can freely rotate on the gear shifting shaft, the input shaft, the quick gear and the slow gear are simultaneously in meshed transmission through gears, the gear shifting shaft is in meshed transmission with the output shaft through the gears, a spring and a push rod of the gear shifting electromagnet are arranged in a shaft hole of the shaft center of the gear shifting shaft, and the push rod of the gear shifting electromagnet overcomes the elasticity of the spring to drive the gear shifting sliding sleeve to be separated from one gear of the quick gear and the slow gear and is meshed with the other gear, so that gear shifting speed change is realized. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the electric control gear shifting can be realized, the wire pulling gear shifting is more convenient, the automatic gear shifting position can be realized through the automatic gear shifting controller, the energy consumption is reduced, and 30% of electric energy can be saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric vehicle transmission.
Background
The speed gear of the electric three-wheel and four-wheel vehicles is usually divided into a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is low in speed, the second gear is high in speed, and the heavy-duty electric vehicles can start conveniently, but the existing gear shifting speed changer of the matched electric vehicles is complex in structure and high in cost if the matched gear shifting synchronizer is matched. Meanwhile, the electric vehicle speed changer is manually shifted by the stay rope, under the condition of no synchronizer, the gear shifting time is difficult to grasp, the gear shifting gears are difficult to engage, teeth are easy to strike, and the service life of the electric vehicle speed changer is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the electric vehicle transmission in the prior art has a complex structure and cannot realize electric control gear shifting.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides an electric motor car derailleur, including the shell and install the input shaft and the output shaft in the shell, still include the gearshift, the quick gear, the slow gear, the sliding sleeve shifts, the cross pin, spring and the electro-magnet of shifting, the gearshift, the quick gear, the slow gear, the sliding sleeve installs in the shell of shifting, the quick gear, the slow gear, the sliding sleeve suit of shifting is on the gearshift, the sliding sleeve is located between quick gear and the slow gear, but the sliding sleeve and the gearshift slidably drive cooperation, quick gear and slow gear free rotation on the gearshift, the input shaft passes through gear engagement transmission with quick gear and slow gear simultaneously, the gearshift passes through gear and output shaft engagement transmission, the output power, the axle center of gearshift has the shaft hole along axially extending's slide slot hole on the gearshift, the slide slot hole intersects with the shaft hole, the cross pin embedding of shifting the sliding sleeve, the ejector pin of spring and the electro-magnet of shifting is installed in the shaft hole and spring and the ejector pin's ejector pin of shifting is located the both sides of cross pin respectively, the ejector pin of electro-magnet of shifting overcomes the elasticity drive of spring and shifts and separates with one of quick gear and slow gear, and gear meshing is realized with shifting.
Further defined, the inner bore of the shift sleeve has an internal spline, the shift shaft has an external spline, and the shift sleeve is slidably driven in cooperation with the shift shaft directly through the internal spline of the inner bore of the shift sleeve.
Further limited, the end parts of the quick gear and the slow gear facing the reversing sliding table are provided with convex external spline parts, the two end parts of the gear shifting shaft are provided with concave internal spline parts, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve is respectively meshed with the external spline parts of the quick gear and the slow gear through the internal spline parts to realize gear shifting and speed changing.
The other scheme of the driving fit of the shifting sliding sleeve and the shifting shaft in a sliding way is as follows: the gear shifting sliding sleeve is in sliding driving fit with the gear shifting shaft through a sliding block sleeved on the gear shifting shaft, the sliding block is located between the quick gear and the slow gear, the sliding block is in driving fit with the gear shifting shaft, the gear shifting sliding sleeve is sleeved on the sliding block and is identical to the gear shifting shaft, a sliding slot hole is also formed in the sliding block, an inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve is in sliding driving fit with the sliding block through a spline, the end parts, facing the reversing sliding table, of the quick gear and the slow gear are provided with outer spline parts protruding outwards, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve is respectively meshed with the outer spline parts of the quick gear and the slow gear through inner splines of the inner hole, so that gear shifting and speed changing are realized.
Further defined, the input shaft is divided into a left half shaft and a right half shaft, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are connected through a differential mechanism, and the gear shifting shaft is meshed with the differential mechanism for transmission.
Further defined, the shifting electromagnet is a double-stroke electromagnet, when the ejector rod of the shifting electromagnet is in an initial position and a second stroke position, the shifting sliding sleeve is respectively meshed with the quick gear and the slow gear, so that the electric vehicle transmission is in a high-gear or low-gear state, and when the ejector rod of the shifting electromagnet is in the first stroke position, the shifting sliding sleeve is separated from the quick gear and the slow gear, so that the electric vehicle transmission is in a neutral state.
Further defined, the gear shifting electromagnet is formed by combining two electromagnets, and comprises a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet which are arranged in a front-back manner, wherein a first ejector rod of the first electromagnet is ejected to the rear of a second ejector rod of the second electromagnet, the second ejector rod of the second electromagnet is used as an ejector rod of the gear shifting electromagnet, and when the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are powered off, the second ejector rod is in an initial position; when the first electromagnet is electrified and the second electromagnet is powered off, the first ejector rod pushes the second ejector rod to be positioned at a first travel position; when the second electromagnet is electrified, the second ejector rod is positioned at a second stroke position.
In order to realize automatic gear shifting, the automatic gear shifting control device is further defined as an automatic gear shifting controller, and when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion is met, the automatic gear shifting control device controls the gear shifting electromagnet to automatically shift gears, and the specific process is as follows: when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from low gear to high gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet, meanwhile, the gear shifting controller controls the motor to be powered off, when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve to be meshed with an external spline part of the quick gear through the gear shifting electromagnet, gear shifting of the electric vehicle is completed, and meanwhile, the motor is powered on; when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from high gear to low gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet, and when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve to be meshed with an external spline part of the low gear through the gear shifting electromagnet, and gear shifting of the electric vehicle is completed.
Further limited, the input shaft is divided into a left half shaft and a right half shaft, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are connected through a differential mechanism, the gear shifting shaft is meshed with the differential mechanism for transmission, the automatic gear shifting controller judges whether the gear shifting time is met or not by detecting the rotating speed of an input gear of the differential mechanism and the current gear, the current gear is determined by the working state of a gear shifting electromagnet, and when the current gear is a low gear and the rotating speed of the input gear is larger than a set value, the automatic gear shifting controller judges that the gear shifting time from the low gear to the high gear is met; when the current gear is a high gear and the rotation speed of the input gear is smaller than a set value, the automatic gear shift controller judges that the gear shift timing of switching from the high gear to the low gear is satisfied.
Further defined, the automatic gear shifting controller judges whether the rotational speeds of the fast gear and the slow gear are matched with the rotational speed of the sliding sleeve by detecting the rotational speed of the input gear of the differential mechanism and the rotational speed of the motor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the electric control gear shifting can be realized, the wire pulling gear shifting is more convenient, the automatic gear shifting position can be realized through the automatic gear shifting controller, the energy consumption is reduced, and 30% of electric energy can be saved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;
fig. 1 is an exploded view of an electric vehicle transmission of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission of the electric vehicle of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the transmission of the electric vehicle of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electric vehicle transmission of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in the figure, the gear box comprises a shell 1, an input shaft 3, an output shaft 4, a gear shifting shaft 5, a quick gear 6, a slow gear 7, a gear shifting sliding sleeve 8, a transverse pin 9, a spring 10, a gear shifting electromagnet 10-1, a first electromagnet 10-2, a second electromagnet 10-3, a push rod 11, a chute hole 12, a sliding block 13, a differential mechanism 13-1, an input gear 14 and a clamping spring.
Detailed Description
Example 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2:
the utility model provides an electric motor car derailleur, including shell 1 and install the input shaft 2 in shell 1, output shaft 3, the gearshift shaft 4, quick gear 5, slow gear 6, the gearshift sliding sleeve 7, cross pin 8, spring 9 and the electro-magnet 10 of shifting, quick gear 5, slow gear 6, the gearshift sliding sleeve 7 suit is on gearshift shaft 4, the gearshift sliding sleeve 7 is located between quick gear 5 and slow gear 6, gearshift sliding sleeve 7 and gearshift shaft 4 slidable drive cooperation, quick gear 5 and slow gear 6 freely rotate on gearshift shaft 4, input shaft 2 and quick gear 5 and slow gear 6 pass through the gear engagement transmission simultaneously, gearshift shaft 4 passes through gear and output shaft 3 engagement transmission, the axle center of gearshift shaft 4 has the slotted hole, have axially extending's chute hole 11 on gearshift shaft 4, chute hole 11 and shaft hole crossing, cross pin 8 through gearshift sliding sleeve 7 imbeds slide 11, spring 9 and the ejector pin 10-3 of electro-magnet 10 of shifting are installed in the shaft hole and ejector pin 9 and the ejector pin 10-3 of shifting are located the both sides of cross pin 8 respectively, the elasticity 10-10 of electro-magnet 10 is overcome in the ejector pin 10-magnet 10 and the drive spring 10-3 and the other of shifting and the gear 10 is overcome in the gear of shifting sliding sleeve 6 and the other one of the speed-6, the gear is overcome, the gear is meshed with the other of the speed-drive 6, and is realized.
The gear shifting slide sleeve 7 is slidably matched with the gear shifting shaft 4 in a driving way through a slide block 12 sleeved on the gear shifting shaft 4,
the sliding block 12 is positioned between the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6, the sliding block 12 is in driving fit with the gear shifting shaft 4, the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is sleeved on the sliding block 12, the sliding block 12 is also provided with a slotted hole 11, the inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is in driving fit with the sliding block 12 in a sliding way through a spline, the end parts of the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6, which face the reversing sliding table, are provided with convex external spline parts, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is respectively meshed with the external spline parts of the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6 through the internal spline of the inner hole, so that gear shifting and speed changing are realized.
The input shaft 2 is divided into a left half shaft and a right half shaft, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are connected through a differential 13, and the gear shifting shaft 4 is meshed with an input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 for transmission.
The shifting electromagnet 10 is a double-stroke electromagnet, when the ejector rod 10-3 of the shifting electromagnet 10 is in an initial position and a second stroke position, the shifting sliding sleeve 7 is respectively meshed with the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6, so that the electric vehicle transmission is in a high-gear or low-gear state, and when the ejector rod 10-3 of the shifting electromagnet 10 is in a first stroke position, the shifting sliding sleeve 7 is separated from the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6, so that the electric vehicle transmission is in a neutral state.
The gear shifting electromagnet 10 is formed by combining two electromagnets, and comprises a first electromagnet 10-1 and a second electromagnet 10-2 which are arranged in a front-back manner, wherein a first ejector rod of the first electromagnet 10-1 is propped against the rear of a second ejector rod of the second electromagnet 10-2, the second ejector rod of the second electromagnet 10-2 is used as an ejector rod 10-3 of the gear shifting electromagnet 10, and when the first electromagnet 10-1 and the second electromagnet 10-2 are powered off, the second ejector rod is in an initial position; when the first electromagnet 10-1 is electrified and the second electromagnet 10-2 is powered off, the first ejector rod pushes the second ejector rod to be positioned at a first travel position; when the second electromagnet 10-2 is energized, the second ejector rod is in the second stroke position.
The gear shifting sliding sleeve is provided with a clamping groove, and the clamping spring 14 is clamped in the clamping groove and used for preventing the transverse pin from falling out of the pin hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve.
The electric vehicle transmission further comprises an automatic gear shifting controller, and when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion is met, the automatic gear shifting of the gear shifting electromagnet 10 is controlled, and the specific process is as follows:
when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from low gear to high gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet 10, meanwhile, the gear shifting controller controls a motor to be powered off, and when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear 5 is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 to be meshed with an external spline part of the quick gear 5 through the gear shifting electromagnet 10, gear shifting of an electric vehicle is completed, and meanwhile, the motor is powered on;
when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from high gear to low gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet 10, and when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear 5 is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 to be meshed with an external spline portion of the low gear through the gear shifting electromagnet 10, and gear shifting of the electric vehicle is completed.
The automatic shift controller determines whether or not the shift timing is satisfied by detecting the rotation speed of the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 and the current gear, which is determined by the operating state of the shift electromagnet 10.
When the current gear is a low gear and the rotation speed of the input gear 13-1 is greater than a set value, the automatic shift controller judges that the shift opportunity of switching from the low gear to the high gear is satisfied;
when the current gear is the high gear and the rotation speed of the input gear 13-1 is smaller than the set value, the automatic shift controller judges that the shift timing to shift from the high gear to the low gear is satisfied.
The automatic gear shifting controller judges whether the rotating speeds of the fast gear 5 and the slow gear 6 are matched with the rotating speed of the sliding sleeve or not by detecting the rotating speed of the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 and the rotating speed of the motor.
In the prior art, many schemes for detecting the rotational speed of the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 and the rotational speed of the motor can be realized, and the detection of the rotational speed of the gear and the rotational speed of the motor is performed by using a hall element in this embodiment. A hall element for detecting the rotation speed of the input gear 13-1 is mounted on the housing.
The working process of the electric vehicle transmission is as follows:
when the power key of the electric vehicle is turned on, the first electromagnet 10-1 and the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 are simultaneously electrified, the ejector rod 10-3 of the shifting electromagnet 10 acts on the transverse pin 8 to push the shifting sliding sleeve 7 to the slow gear 6 against the elastic force of the spring 9, so that the shifting sliding sleeve 7 is meshed with the external spline part of the slow gear 6, the slow gear 6 transmits the power of the input shaft 2 to the shifting shaft 4 to drive the shifting shaft 4 to rotate, the shifting shaft 4 transmits the power to the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 meshed with the shifting shaft 4, and finally the differential 13 transmits the power to the left half shaft and the right half shaft of the input shaft 2, so that the electric vehicle can start at a low gear conveniently.
When the first electromagnet 10-1 and the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 are simultaneously electrified, the transmission of the electric vehicle is in a low gear, and the rotating speed of the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 is larger than a certain set value, such as 245 turns, an automatic gear shifting controller of the vehicle controls the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 to be powered off and the motor to be powered off, the elastic force of the spring 9 acting on the transverse pin 8 pushes the transverse pin 8 to push the shifting sliding sleeve 7 to the neutral gear for engagement with the quick gear 5, when the rotating speed of the quick gear 5 is matched with the rotating speed of the shifting sliding sleeve 7, the automatic gear shifting controller controls the first electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 to be powered off, the elastic force of the spring 9 acting on the transverse pin 8 pushes the transverse pin 8 to push the shifting sliding sleeve 7 to the quick gear 5, the shifting sliding sleeve 7 is engaged with an external spline part of the quick gear 5, gear switching of the electric vehicle is completed, and simultaneously the motor is powered on, and the electric vehicle is driven by the transmission of the electric vehicle.
When the first electromagnet 10-1 and the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 are simultaneously powered off, the transmission of the electric vehicle is in a high gear, and the rotating speed of the input gear 13-1 of the differential 13 is smaller than a certain set value, such as 245 turns, an automatic gear shifting controller of the vehicle controls the first electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 to be powered on, at the moment, the motor is not powered off, the ejector rod 10-3 of the electromagnet acts on the transverse pin 8 to push the shifting sliding sleeve 7 to the neutral gear against the elastic force of the spring 9, the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 is waited for being meshed with the slow gear 6, when the rotating speed of the slow gear 6 is matched with the rotating speed of the shifting sliding sleeve 7, the ejector rod 10-3 of the electromagnet acts on the transverse pin 8 to push the shifting sliding sleeve 7 to the slow gear 6 against the elastic force of the spring 9, the shifting sliding sleeve 7 is meshed with the external spline part of the slow gear 6, and gear switching of the electric vehicle is completed.
Example 2, as shown in fig. 3 and 4:
the difference from example 1 is that: the inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is provided with an inner spline, the gear shifting shaft 4 is provided with an outer spline, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is in sliding driving fit with the gear shifting shaft 4 directly through the inner spline of the inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7. The ends of the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6 facing the reversing sliding table are provided with convex external spline parts, the two ends of the gear shifting shaft 4 are provided with concave internal spline parts, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 is respectively meshed with the external spline parts of the quick gear 5 and the slow gear 6 through the internal spline parts to realize gear shifting and speed changing.
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the positions of the fast gear 5 and the slow gear 6 relative to the shifting slide sleeve 7 are exchanged, and when the first electromagnet 10-1 and the second electromagnet 10-2 of the shifting electromagnet 10 are simultaneously powered off, the transmission of the electric vehicle is in a low gear.
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: other types of double-stroke electromagnets are used for the shifting electromagnet 10.
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: the fast gear 5, the slow gear 6 and the gear shifting sliding sleeve 7 are meshed and driven through an end face gear structure of the end face.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electric motor car derailleur, includes shell (1) and installs input shaft (2) and output shaft (3) in shell (1), characterized by: the gear shifting device also comprises a gear shifting shaft (4), a quick gear (5), a slow gear (6), a gear shifting sliding sleeve (7), a transverse pin (8), a spring (9) and a gear shifting electromagnet (10), wherein the gear shifting shaft (4), the quick gear (5), the slow gear (6) and the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) are arranged in the shell (1),
the quick gear (5), the slow gear (6) and the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) are sleeved on the gear shifting shaft (4), the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is positioned between the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6), the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) and the gear shifting shaft (4) can be in sliding driving fit, the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) can freely rotate on the gear shifting shaft (4),
the input shaft (2) and the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) are simultaneously driven by gear engagement, the gear shifting shaft (4) is driven by gear engagement with the output shaft (3) to output power,
the axle center of the gear shifting axle (4) is provided with an axle hole, the gear shifting axle (4) is provided with a sliding groove hole (11) extending along the axial direction, the sliding groove hole (11) is intersected with the axle hole, a transverse pin (8) penetrating through a gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is embedded into the sliding groove hole (11), a spring (9) and an ejector rod (10-3) of a gear shifting electromagnet (10) are arranged in the axle hole, the spring (9) and the ejector rod (10-3) of the gear shifting electromagnet (10) are respectively positioned at two sides of the transverse pin (8),
the ejector rod (10-3) of the gear shifting electromagnet (10) overcomes the elasticity of the spring (9) to drive the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) to be separated from one gear of the fast gear (5) and the slow gear (6) and meshed with the other gear, so that gear shifting and speed changing are realized.
2. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 1, characterized by: the inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is provided with an inner spline, the gear shifting shaft (4) is provided with an outer spline, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is in sliding driving fit with the gear shifting shaft (4) directly through the inner spline of the inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7).
3. The electric vehicle transmission according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the end parts of the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) facing the reversing sliding table are provided with convex external spline parts, the two end parts of the gear shifting shaft (4) are provided with concave internal spline parts, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is respectively meshed with the external spline parts of the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) through the internal spline parts to realize gear shifting and speed changing.
4. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 1, characterized by: the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is in driving fit with the gear shifting shaft (4) in a sliding way through a sliding block (12) sleeved on the gear shifting shaft (4),
the sliding block (12) is positioned between the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6), the sliding block (12) is in driving fit with the gear shifting shaft (4), the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is sleeved on the sliding block (12) and is the same as the gear shifting shaft (4), the sliding block (12) is also provided with a sliding slot hole (11), an inner hole of the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is in sliding driving fit with the sliding block (12) through a spline, the end parts of the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) facing the reversing sliding table are provided with external spline parts protruding outwards, and the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is respectively meshed with the external spline parts of the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) through internal splines of the inner hole, so that gear shifting speed change is realized.
5. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 1, characterized by: the input shaft (2) is divided into a left half shaft and a right half shaft, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are connected through a differential mechanism (13), and the gear shifting shaft (4) is meshed with the differential mechanism (13) for transmission.
6. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 1, characterized by: the gear shifting electromagnet (10) is a double-stroke electromagnet, when the ejector rod (10-3) of the gear shifting electromagnet (10) is positioned at an initial position and a second stroke position, the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is respectively meshed with the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) to enable the electric vehicle transmission to be in a high-gear or low-gear state, and when the ejector rod (10-3) of the gear shifting electromagnet (10) is positioned at a first stroke position, the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) is separated from the quick gear (5) and the slow gear (6) to enable the electric vehicle transmission to be in a neutral gear state.
7. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 6, characterized by: the gear shifting electromagnet (10) is formed by combining two electromagnets, and comprises a first electromagnet (10-1) and a second electromagnet (10-2) which are arranged in a front-back manner, wherein a first ejector rod of the first electromagnet (10-1) is propped against the rear of a second ejector rod of the second electromagnet (10-2), the second ejector rod of the second electromagnet (10-2) is used as an ejector rod (10-3) of the gear shifting electromagnet (10),
when the first electromagnet (10-1) and the second electromagnet (10-2) are powered off, the second ejector rod is in an initial position;
when the first electromagnet (10-1) is electrified and the second electromagnet (10-2) is powered off, the first ejector rod pushes the second ejector rod to be positioned at a first travel position;
when the second electromagnet (10-2) is electrified, the second ejector rod is in a second stroke position.
8. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 6, characterized by: the automatic gear shifting device also comprises an automatic gear shifting controller, when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion is met, the automatic gear shifting electromagnet (10) is controlled to automatically shift, and the specific process is as follows:
when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from low gear to high gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet (10), meanwhile, the gear shifting controller controls the motor to be powered off, and when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear (5) is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7), the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) to be meshed with an external spline part of the quick gear (5) through the gear shifting electromagnet (10), gear shifting of the electric vehicle is completed, and meanwhile, the motor is powered on;
when the automatic gear shifting controller detects that the gear shifting occasion from high gear to low gear is met, the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) to be in a neutral gear position through the gear shifting electromagnet (10), and when the gear shifting controller detects that the rotating speed of the quick gear (5) is matched with that of the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7), the gear shifting controller enables the gear shifting sliding sleeve (7) to be meshed with an external spline part of the low gear through the gear shifting electromagnet (10), and gear shifting of the electric vehicle is completed.
9. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 8, characterized by: the input shaft (2) is divided into a left half shaft and a right half shaft, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are connected through a differential mechanism (13), the gear shifting shaft (4) is meshed with an input gear of the differential mechanism (13) for transmission,
the automatic gear shifting controller judges whether the gear shifting time is met or not by detecting the rotating speed of an input gear of the differential mechanism (13) and the current gear, the current gear is determined by the working state of the gear shifting electromagnet (10),
when the current gear is a low gear and the rotating speed of the input gear is larger than a set value, the automatic gear shifting controller judges that the gear shifting time for switching from the low gear to the high gear is met;
when the current gear is a high gear and the rotation speed of the input gear is smaller than a set value, the automatic gear shift controller judges that the gear shift timing of switching from the high gear to the low gear is satisfied.
10. The electric vehicle transmission of claim 8, characterized by: the automatic gear shifting controller judges whether the rotating speeds of the fast gear (5) and the slow gear (6) are matched with the rotating speed of the sliding sleeve or not by detecting the rotating speed of an input gear of the differential mechanism (13) and the rotating speed of a motor.
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| CN201711494892.5A CN108253096B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Electric vehicle speed changer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711494892.5A CN108253096B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Electric vehicle speed changer |
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| CN108253096A CN108253096A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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