CN108250058B - Ppar激动剂及其在治疗老年痴呆及其他疾病中的用途 - Google Patents
Ppar激动剂及其在治疗老年痴呆及其他疾病中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在本发明涉及的化合物为一种过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)受体激动剂。此外,本发明阐述了包含该化合物的药物组分及制剂,及这类PPAR伽马型激动剂的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物,制备化合物的方法,化合物的药物组合物和药剂,尤其涉及作为新型可穿过血脑屏障的化合物,它们是过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)的受体的活化剂。本发明也涉及它们的制备方法以及它们在用于人或兽药的药用组合物、或者在化妆组合物中的用途。
背景技术
目前市场上销售的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂类药物,常见的是噻唑烷二酮类(thiazolidinediones)化合物,包括吡格列酮(pioglitazone)和罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)。这类物质可以激活PPAR受体,使其结合到PPRE的DNA序列上。
然而,市场上的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂血脑屏障穿透能力差,从而带来两方面问题:
缺陷1:大脑获得药物剂量过低
目前已知的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂很难穿透血脑屏障。虽然体外细胞实验表明它们有治疗和/或预防一些神经紊乱和脑癌的潜力,但动物试验数据表明,在高剂量口服情况下(10毫克/公斤体重),脑中罗格列酮的浓度仅约为0.7微摩尔/升,仍然低于其治疗脑癌所需的最低浓度(1至10微摩尔/升)。见文献:Grommes, C等. PPAR伽玛亚型激动剂吡格列酮穿过血脑屏障并减少人异种移植模型中的肿瘤生长[J]. 肿瘤化疗和药理学(CancerChemother Pharmacol.), 2013, 71(4): 929-936。这是因为人体血脑屏障阻碍PPAR伽马亚型激动剂进入大脑神经组织。血脑屏障由内皮细胞、毛细管基底膜、星形胶质细胞终足和嵌入在毛细管基底膜的周细胞组成,许多血液中的化合物包括几乎所有大分子药物和98%的小分子药物都很难穿过血脑屏障进入脑实质。这么低的浓度不利于PPAR伽玛亚型激动剂在大脑或其他地方的神经组织中发挥药效。因此有必要提高PPAR伽马亚型激动剂在大脑中的浓度。
缺陷2:系统性给药剂量过高
市场上销售的吡格列酮和罗格列酮的全身系统性给药尽管能够或可能治疗和/或预防很多疾病,但需要严格控制剂量和服用时间。如果剂量过高时或者服用时间过长,会带来一些副作用,影响其疗效。系统性给药的主要副作用包括:心脏衰竭、心脏病发作、骨折、肝中毒。这些副作用限制了它治疗和/或预防许多慢性或半慢性疾病(例如老年痴呆症)。
服用剂量的减少可以大幅减少副作用的发生。如果PPAR伽马亚型激动剂能大量进入大脑组织,就可以减少服用剂量,因而降低人体其他器官组织(例如心脏)暴露在PPAR伽马亚型激动剂或其类似物中的程度,进而减少其心脏病等副作用。这是个一举两得的方案,可惜但是目前还缺乏较强血脑屏障通透性的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂。
因此,本领域需要较强血脑屏障通透性的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂及其相关方法和药物。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种可穿过血脑屏障的新型PPAR伽马亚型激动剂及其用途。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,溶剂化物,前药或代谢物:
其中,
环RA含羰基或酰胺基,被任选一个或两个以上Ra取代的饱和或不饱和C5-12元碳环、C5-12元杂环;
环RB为被任选一个或两个以上Rb取代的C3-8环烷基、C3-8饱和环杂烷基、C3-8不饱和环杂烷基、C6-12稠杂环基、C6-12芳基、C6-12杂芳基;或环RB不存在;
环Rc为被任选一个或两个以上Rc取代的C3-8环烷基、C3-8饱和环杂烷基、C3-8不饱和环杂烷基、C6-10芳基、C6-10杂芳基;
R为被任选一个或两个以上R1取代或通过一个或两个以上R1连接的C1-12烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基;
其中R1、Ra、Rb或者Rc可以独立地选自氢原子、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、异氰基、磺酸基、C1-6烷基、C1-6环烷基、C1-6杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6环烷基、C1-6烷基硫基、C1-6烷基羰基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷氧基羰基、氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、C1-6烷基氨基甲酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基甲酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨基甲酰基、氨磺酰基、C1-6烷基氨磺酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨磺酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基亚硫酰基、二(C1-6烷基)膦酰基、羟基C1-6烷基、羟基羰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基磺酰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基亚硫酰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基硫羰基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)膦酰基C1-6烷基、羟基C2-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基乙酰基、氨基C2-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基C2-6烷氧基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷氧基、羟基C2-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷基氨基、氨基C2-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基C2-6烷基氨基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨基、C5-10芳基、C5-10杂芳基。
在另一优选例中,环Rc为被任选一个或两个以上Rc取代的C6-10芳基、C6-10杂芳基;Rc为C1-6烷基。
在另一优选例中,R为被任选一个或两个以上R1取代或通过一个或两个以上R1连接的C1-12烷基、C2-8烯基;R1选自氢原子、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、磺酸基、C5-10芳基、C5-10杂芳基。
在另一优选例中,氧原子和氮原子的总数为1-4;更优选为1-3。
在另一优选例中,硫原子的数量为0-2;更优选为0-1。
在另一优选例中,本发明提供的化合物选自于:
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种药物组合物或化妆用组合物,该组合物包含如上所述的本发明提供的化合物和药学上或化妆品可接受的赋形剂。
在另一优选例中,所述的组合物的形式为水性分散剂、液体、啫哩、膏剂、糖浆、西也剂、药浆、悬浮液、气雾剂、控释剂、速溶剂、泡腾剂、冻干剂、片剂、粉末、药丸、糖衣完、胶囊、延迟释放剂、延长释放剂、脉冲控释剂、多微粒剂、或立即释放剂。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种如上所述的本发明提供的化合物用于制备治疗或防治过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)受体活性依赖的疾病的药物和/或皮肤用组合物的方法。
在另一优选例中,所述疾病选自神经紊乱、老年相关眼病、炎症或免疫系统疾病、代谢性疾病、皮肤病、心血管疾病、肾病、肿瘤、癌或腺癌。
在另一优选例中,所述神经紊乱选自于中风或头部创伤所致并发症、脑、外周神经、中枢神经或神经肌肉系统的其它损伤;所述老年相关眼病选自于黄斑变性、白内障、青光眼和/或糖尿病视网膜病变;所述炎症或免疫系统疾病选自于狼疮、关节炎症、皮肤炎症、肠道炎症、I型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、重症肌无力、血管炎、哮喘、特应性疾病、移植/移植物排斥及移植物对宿主疾病、和/或其它免疫系统的选择性机能障碍;所述代谢性疾病选自于糖尿病、血脂异常、动脉硬化、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝疾病和/或其它疾病;所述皮肤病选自于涉及分化和增殖的角质化障碍有关的皮肤病、其它类型角质化疾病、与炎性免疫变应性组分有关并且伴随或不伴随细胞增殖紊乱的皮肤病、所有的真皮或表皮增殖、免疫性皮肤病、与免疫有关的皮肤病或全身性疾病、由紫外线照射引起的皮肤病、与年龄性老化或光致老化相关的疾病、皮脂功能紊乱、瘢痕形成疾病、色素沉着疾病和/或各种原因的脱发;所述心血管病选自于高血压、充血性心力衰竭、导致心律不齐的综合征、血栓栓塞病、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄(restensosis)、外周动脉病、冠脉分流搭桥术(bypass grafting surgery)、颈动脉病、动脉炎、心肌炎、心血管炎、血管炎、冠心病(CHD)、不稳定性心绞痛(UA)、不稳定性顽固性心绞痛、稳定性心绞痛(SA)、慢性稳定性心绞痛、急性冠脉综合征(ACS)、首次或复发性心肌梗塞、急性心肌梗塞(AMI)、心肌梗塞、非Q波心肌梗塞、非-STE心肌梗塞、冠状动脉病、局部缺血性心脏病、心肌缺血、局部缺血、局部缺血性猝死、一过性局部缺血发作、中风、周围闭塞性动脉病、静脉血栓形成、深静脉血栓形成、血栓静脉炎、动脉栓塞、冠状动脉血栓形成、脑动脉血栓形成、脑栓塞、肾栓塞、肺栓塞、血栓形成、手术或手术并发症、长时间固定术、动脉纤颤、先天性血栓形成倾向、癌症、糖尿病、药物或激素作用和怀孕并发症引起的血栓形成和/或心律不齐;所述肾病选自于急性肾脏损伤、慢性肾病,慢性肾小球肾炎、膜性肾炎、增生性肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、糖尿病性肾病、高血压肾病、紫癜性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、IgA肾病、肾小球硬化症、肾变病综合征、肾缺血和/或尿毒症;肿瘤、癌或腺癌选自于肺癌、肠癌(例如:结肠癌)、胃癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、食管癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、淋巴癌、脑癌(例如:垂体癌、胶质细胞瘤、脑转移瘤)、白血病、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤、其他类型癌和/或肿瘤。
在另一优选例中,所述 神经紊乱可包括并不限于:老年痴呆症、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s disease)、血管性痴呆(vascular dementia)、雷维小体痴呆(Lewy bodydisease)、额颞叶痴呆(frontotemporal dementia)、杭廷顿氏舞蹈病(Huntington’sdisease)、运动神经元病(motor neuron disease)、多系统萎缩(multisystem atrophy)、进行性核上性麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy)、常压脑积水(normal pressurehydrocephalus)、癫痫、帕金森氏病、中风、脊髓损伤、创伤性脑损伤、皮克氏病、尼曼-皮克氏病、淀粉样血管病、淀粉样脑血管病、全身性淀粉样变性、伴有荷兰型淀粉样变性的遗传性脑出血、包涵体肌炎、轻度认知损害、唐氏综合征、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、多发性硬化、杜兴氏肌营养不良、贝克尔氏肌营养不良、面肩臂(兰杜二氏)肌营养不良和肢带肌营养不良(LGMD);神经性疼痛,比如:神经病理性疼痛(Neuropathic Pain)。
在另一优选例中,所述关节炎症包括但不限于,风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、骨关节炎、强硬性椎关节炎;所述皮肤炎症包括但不限于,牛皮癣、牛皮癣、银屑病、皮炎、硬皮病;所述肠道炎症包括但不限于,炎性肠疾病(IBD)、节段性回肠炎症、溃疡性结肠炎;所述特应性疾病包括但不限于过敏。
在另一优选例中,所述糖尿病包括但不限于二型糖尿病(T2DM)。
在另一优选例中,所述涉及分化和增殖的角质化障碍有关的皮肤病特别是指寻常痤疮、粉刺或多形痤疮、红斑痤疮、结节性囊性痤疮、聚合性痤疮、老年性痤疮和继发性痤疮,如日光性、药物性或职业性痤疮;所述其它类型角质化疾病特别受雇者鱼鳞藓、鳞癣状病症、Darrier氏病、掌跖角化病、粘膜白斑病和粘膜白斑样病,或皮肤或粘膜(口部)苔癣病;所述与炎性免疫变应性组分有关并且伴随或不伴随细胞增殖紊乱的皮肤病,特别是指所有形式的牛皮癣,银屑病、或者皮肤特应性反应,如湿疹、或呼吸道特应性反应或齿龈肥大;所述所有的真皮或表皮增殖是指无论是良性的还是恶性的,以及无论是否由病毒引起的,如普通疣、扁平疣和疣状表皮发育不良,或鲜红或口腔乳头状瘤病、T淋巴瘤和可由紫外线引起的增殖,特别是基底细胞和棘细胞上皮癌,以及所有癌症前期的皮肤病变,如角化棘皮瘤;所述其它皮肤病包括但不限于,免疫性皮肤病,如红斑狼疮、免疫性大疱疾病和胶原病,如硬皮病;所述由紫外线照射引起的皮肤病是指用于修复或防止皮肤老化,例如但不限于,光致老化、年龄性老化、光化性角化和色素沉着;所述任何与年龄性老化或光致老化相关的疾病包括但不限于干燥病;所述皮脂功能紊乱是指痤疮的皮脂分泌过多或单纯性脂溢;所述瘢痕形成疾病是指预防或修复扩张痕;所述色素沉着疾病包括但不限于,色素沉着过度、黑斑病、色素沉着不足或白癫风;所述各种原因的脱发特别是指化疗或辐射引起的脱发。
在另一优选例中,所述导致心律不齐的综合征包括但不限于,阵发性心动过速、迟发性后去极化、室性心动过速、突发性心动过速、运动引起的心律不齐、QT间期延长综合征和双向心动过速;所述血栓栓塞病包括但不限于,动脉心血管血栓栓塞病、静脉心血管血栓栓塞病和心室血栓栓塞病;所述血栓形成是指由以下导致的:(a)修复瓣膜或其它移植物,(b)流置导管,(c)斯滕特氏血管支架,(d)心肺分流术,(e)血透析,(f)其中血暴露于促使血栓形成的人工装置表面的其它手术;所述心律不齐包括但不限于室上性心律不齐、心房心律不齐、心房扑动、心房纤维性颤动。
在另一优选例中,所述所述心血管病还包括在《Braunwald心脏病学心血管内科学教科书(Braunwald's Heart Disease:A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine)》2001年版中列举的其它疾病、中风及其引起的并发症。
在另一优选例中,所述肠癌包括但不限于结肠癌;所述脑癌包括但不限于垂体癌、胶质细胞瘤、脑转移瘤。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种药盒,其中包括如上所述的本发明提供的化合物和KL-Luc稳转细胞株或瞬时转染用的KL-Luc质粒。
在本发明的第五方面,提供了一种过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)激动剂活性的筛选方法,所述方法包括使用如上所述的本发明提供的药盒。
据此,本发明提供了较强血脑屏障通透性的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂及其相关方法和药物。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例22进行水迷宫实验的装置;其中箭头所指是游动的小鼠。
图2显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物的对老年痴呆症的治疗作用。
图3显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物的对帕金森氏病的治疗作用。
图4显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物的对脑癌的治疗作用。
图5显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物对动脉硬化的治疗作用。
图6显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物对肾病、炎症、代谢性疾病的治疗作用;其中
A显示抗肾病的效果;B显示治疗炎症的效果;C显示治疗代谢性疾病的效果。
图7显示了本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物对银屑病的治疗作用。
具体实施方式
PPAR是一组细胞核内的受体蛋白,其实质是一类配体调控的转录因子,在受到配体激动剂激活后,与目标基因启动子内的反应元件结合,从而调控基因的转录过程。目前发现有阿尔法,贝塔,伽马这3种亚型。伽马亚型(PPAR伽马)调节脂肪的存储和葡萄糖代谢,在大脑中,PPAR伽马亚型与脂肪体内平衡、抗炎症反应和神经突触功能有关。
PPAR受体只有与视黄醇类X受体(RXR)结合后才会发生作用。PPAR受体通过结合到被称为过氧化物酶体增殖剂应签单元(PPRE)的DNA序列的单元上,以带有类视黄醇的X受体(称为RXR)的异二聚体形式来活化转录。
Klotho基因启动子区域有PPRE,因此在受到配体激动剂激活后,PPAR伽马可以通过结合在该启动子上激活Klotho基因。该基因表达的Klotho蛋白是一种含贝塔-葡糖苷酸酶活性的跨膜蛋白或分泌型蛋白。通过激活Klotho基因,PPAR伽马亚型激动剂具有治疗和/或预防Klotho蛋白相关的疾病的潜能。这些与Klotho蛋白和PPAR伽马亚型激动剂相关的疾病包括并不限于:神经紊乱和中风、炎症、代谢性疾病、皮肤病、心血管病、肾病、肿瘤和癌症。
化合物
在本发明的一方面,提供了一种式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,溶剂化物或前药:
其中,
环RA含羰基或酰胺基,被任选一个或两个以上Ra取代的饱和或不饱和C5-12元碳环、C5-12元杂环;
环RB为被任选一个或两个以上Rb取代的C3-8环烷基、C3-8饱和环杂烷基、C3-8不饱和环杂烷基、C6-12稠杂环基、C6-12芳基、C6-12杂芳基;或环RB不存在;
环Rc为被任选一个或两个以上Rc取代的C3-8环烷基、C3-8饱和环杂烷基、C3-8不饱和环杂烷基、C6-10芳基、C6-10杂芳基;
R为被任选一个或两个以上R1取代或通过一个或两个以上R1连接的C1-12烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基;
其中R1、Ra、Rb或者Rc可以独立地选自氢原子、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、异氰基、磺酸基、C1-6烷基、C1-6环烷基、C1-6杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C1-6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6环烷基、C1-6烷基硫基、C1-6烷基羰基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷氧基羰基、氨基、C1-6烷基氨基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基、氨基甲酰基、C1-6烷基氨基甲酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基甲酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨基甲酰基、氨磺酰基、C1-6烷基氨磺酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨磺酰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨磺酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基亚硫酰基、二(C1-6烷基)膦酰基、羟基C1-6烷基、羟基羰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基磺酰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基亚硫酰基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基硫羰基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)膦酰基C1-6烷基、羟基C2-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷氧基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基乙酰基、氨基C2-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基氨基C2-6烷氧基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷氧基、羟基C2-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷氧基C2-6烷基氨基、氨基C2-6烷基氨基、C1-6烷基氨基C2-6烷基氨基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C2-6烷基氨基、C5-10芳基、C5-10杂芳基;
环Rc优选为被任选一个或两个以上Rc取代的C6-10芳基、C6-10杂芳基,其中Rc为C1-6烷基。
R优选为被任选一个或两个以上R1取代或通过一个或两个以上R1连接的C1-12烷基、C2-8烯基;其中R1选自氢原子、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、磺酸基、C5-10芳基、C5-10杂芳基。
较佳地,其中:
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明提供的化合物中氧原子和氮原子的总数不超过4个;优选不超过3个;更优选不超过2个。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明提供的化合物中硫原子的数量为0至2;优选为0至1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明提供的化合物的分子量不超过400道尔顿。
以上说明的对于不同变量的基团的任何组合在此都给予预期。
式(I)化合物包括但不限于表1中的说明。
表1:
化合物的合成
本发明进一步涉及合成新的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂的方法,该方法通过本发明中的几个化合物的制备来举例说明。在下列实施例中,化合物的结构由以下的一个或多个来确认:质子核磁共振、质谱、薄层色谱、高效液相色谱。
下列的一般反应方案可用来制备本发明的化合物。
R是烷基。A是五元环、六元环或七元环。B是苯环、萘环、苯并吡啶等单环或多环。
A和B可组成桥环。
根据文献CzaplikWM,等.多米诺骨型铁催化:直接芳基-烷基交联[J].应用化学国际版(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.),2009,48(3):607-610,化合物B的合成可以在三氯化铁催化下,卤代芳香化合物A和卤代烷烃发生交叉偶联反应得到,化合物B和芳基卤代化合物C在醋酸钯催化下,三(邻甲基苯基)磷作配体发生Negishi偶联反应得到化合物D,化合物D与盐酸羟胺反应转换成肟类化合物E,化合物E和多聚磷酸发生Beckmann重排反应生成化合物F,再在钯碳催化下通过氢气还原得到化合物G。化合物D直接在钯碳催化下通过氢气还原得到化合物H。
本领域技术人员可容易地选择优化类似的反应路径制备符合本发明通式的新化合物。
化合物的进一步形式
在某个具体实施例中,式(I)化合物按照药学上可药学上或化妆品上或生理上可接受的酸或碱衍生的其药学上可接受的盐、前药或代谢物的形式,使用本发明的含羰基环状化合物。这些盐包括但不限于用以下矿物或无机酸例如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸;和有机酸例如乙酸、草酸、琥珀酸和马来酸形成的盐。其它盐包括酯、氨基甲酸酯形式和其它常规“前药”形式的碱金属和碱土金属例如钠、钾、钙和镁盐,当以这种形式给药时,它们在体内转化为活性部分。
“药学上可接受”这里指一种物质,如载体或稀释液,不会使化合物的生物活性或性质消失,且相对无毒,如,给予个体某物质,不会引起不想要的生物影响或以有害的方式与任何其含有的组分相互作用。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指一种化合物的存在形式,该形式不会引起对给药有机体的重要的刺激,且不会使化合物的生物活性和性质消失。在某些具体方面,药学上可接受的盐是通过式(I)化合物与酸反应获得,如盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,磷酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,水杨酸等。药学上可接受的盐也可通过式(I)化合物与碱反应形成盐,如铵盐;碱金属盐,如钠或钾盐;碱土金属盐,如钙或镁盐;有机碱盐,如二环己基胺,N-甲基-D-葡糖胺,三(羟甲基)甲胺;氨基酸盐,如精氨酸,赖氨酸等。
应理解药学上可接受的盐的参考包括溶剂添加形式或结晶形式,尤其是溶剂化物或多晶型。溶剂化物含有化学计量或非化学计量的溶剂,且是在与药学上可接受溶剂如水,乙醇等,结晶化过程中选择性形成的。当溶剂是水时形成水合物,或当溶剂是乙醇时形成醇化物。式(I)化合物的溶剂化物按照本文所述的方法,很方便的制得或形成。
在其他具体实施例中,式(I)化合物被制备成不同的形式,包括但不限于,无定形,粉碎形和毫微-粒度形式。此外,式(I)化合物包括结晶型,也可以作为多晶型。多晶型包括化合物的相同元素组成的不同晶格排列。多晶型通常有不同的X-射线衍射图,红外光谱,熔点,密度,硬度,晶型,光和电的性质,稳定性和溶解性。不同的因素如重结晶溶剂,结晶速率和贮存温度可能引起单一晶型为主导。
在另一个方面,式(I)化合物本发明提供的化合物可含有一个和多个不对称碳原子,并且某些化合物可含有一个或多个不对称(手性)中心,因此可产生旋光异构体和非对映体。虽然所示结构未涉及立体化学,但当化合物可含有一个和多个手性中心时,优选至少一个此类手性中心具有S立体化学。因此,本发明包括此类旋光异构体和非对映体;以及外消旋的和拆分的对映体纯的立体异构体;以及R和S立体异构体的其它混合物;及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、代谢物和前药。
在某些具体实施例中,式(I)化合物被制备为前药。“前药”是指一个试剂在体内转化为原型药。前药通常是有用的,因为在某种情况下,它们可能比原型药容易给药。他们可以,例如,通过口服给药而可以生物利用,但原型药不行。前药也可以在药学组分上改善原型药的溶解性。例如,没有限制,前药为式(I)化合物,在水溶性不利于通过细胞膜的情况下,前药作为酯给药使通过细胞膜更容易,然后通过代谢水解成羧酸,活性实体一旦进入到细胞中,水溶性就十分有利。
前药通常是药的前体,接下来的给药和吸收被转化为活性物质,或通过一些过程变为活性更强的种类,如通过代谢途径转化。一些前药具有的化学基团使其活性较低和/或对比原型药的溶解性或一些其它性质。一旦前药的化学基团被去除和/或对其修饰,得到活性药。前药通常是有用的,在某些情况下,它们比原型药容易给药。在某种具体实施例中,本文所述的前药化合物通过口服给药而可以生物利用,但原型药不行。而且,在某些具体实施例中,本文所述的前药也可以在药学组分上改善原型药的溶解性。
在其它具体实施例中,前药作为可逆的药物衍生物来设计,作为修饰物来使用以增强药物运输到具体位置的组织。在具体的方面,前药设计的目的是对于靶向区域是水为主要溶剂的治疗化合物,能够增加其有效水溶性。Fedorak et al.,Am. J. Physiol.,269:G210-218(1995);McLoed et al.,Gastroenterol,106:405-413(1994);Hochhaus et al.,Biomed. Chrom.,6:283-286(1992);J.Larsen和H.Bundgaard,Int.J.Pharmaceutics,37,87(1987);J.Larsen et al.,Int.J.Pharmaceutics,47,103(1988);Sinkula et al.,J.Pharm.Sci.,64:181-210(1975);T.Higuchi和V.Stella,Prodrugs as Novel DeliverySystems,Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series;和Edward B. Roche,Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,American Pharmaceutical AssocItion andPergamon Press,1987。
在另一个具体实施例中,本文所述的化合物有同位素标记(如,放射性同位元素)或通过其它方法,包括但不限于,使用发色团或荧光片断,发冷光标记或化学发光标记。
术语
如果无另外说明,用于本发明申请,包括说明书和权利要求书中的术语,定义如下。必须注意,在说明书和所附的权利要求书中,如果文中无另外清楚指示,单数形式“一个”包括复数意义。如果无另外说明,使用质谱、核磁、HPLC、蛋白化学、生物化学、重组DNA技术和药理的常规方法。在本申请中,如果无另外说明,使用“或”或“和”指“和/或”。
本文中使用的“含羰基环状”化合物是指符合通式Ⅰ的化合物。
“化妆用组合物”是指含有本发明提供的式Ⅰ化合物和化妆品上可接受的载体的组合物,可用于皮肤保健和化妆;所述皮肤保健包括但不限于皮肤护理。
术语“激动剂”或“活化剂”是与受体结合並使之激活,产生生理反应的化合物。
本文中使用的术语“易于穿过血脑屏障”是相对于噻唑烷二酮类(thiazolidinedione)的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂而言,本申请涉及新型激动剂有比较高的血脑屏障穿透能力。典型的噻唑烷二酮类激动剂包括罗格列酮(Rosiglitazone)和吡格列酮(Pioglitazone)。
本文中使用的“ELISA”是指酶联免疫吸附试验。利用抗原和抗体之间专一性键结之特性,对检体进行检测;由于结合于固体承载物上之抗原或抗体仍可具有免疫活性,因此设计其键结机制后,配合酶呈色反应,即可显示特定抗原或抗体是否存在,并可利用呈色之深浅进行定量分析。
“式(I)化合物”指结构式为(I)的化合物。
“烃基”指只含碳、氢两种原子的物质去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团,烃基包含并不限于烷基、烯基、炔基、脂环基、芳基。
“烷基”指具有1-12个碳原子的直链和支链饱和脂烃基。
“环烷基”指环状结构的前述烷基,并具有3-10个碳原子。
“烯基”指具有一个和多个碳-碳双键并含有约2-12个碳原子的直链和支链烷基。
“炔基”指具有一个或多个碳-碳三键并具有2-12个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
术语“芳烷基”指-烷基-芳基,其中烷基和芳基如本文中定义。
“脂环”是既属于脂肪族化合物,又为环状的有机化合物。它们含有一个或多个饱和或不饱和碳环,但环不具备芳香性。芳香性是一种化学性质,有芳香性的分子中,由不饱和键、孤对电子和空轨道组成的共轭系统具有特别的、仅考虑共轭时无法解释的稳定作用。
“脂环基”是前述脂环去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。脂环基可包括但不限于环丙烷、环丁烯、十氢萘。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
术语“脂肪族”采用它的一般意义,包括非芳香基团,如烷烃,烯烃,炔及其取代的衍生物。
“芳环”指例如6-20个碳原子的具备芳香性的芳族系统,它可包括单环或稠和或结合在一起的多环(例如2或3个),其中稠和或连接的环的至少一部分形成共轭芳族系统。
“芳基”是前述芳环去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。芳基可包括但不限于苯基、萘基、联苯基、蒽基。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“杂环”指具有碳原子和一个和多个包括氮、氧和硫原子在内的杂原子,饱和、部分不饱和或完全不饱和的,稳定的,4-7元单环或多环杂环。当杂环在该环骨架含有氮或硫原子时,该氮或硫原子可被氧化。
“杂环基”是前述杂环去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。含氧环包括但不限于呋喃基。含氮环包括但不限于吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、吡啶基。含硫环包括但不限于噻吩基。含稠和杂原子的环包括但不限于苯并呋喃基、吲哚基。这些基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“多环”是指由两个或两个以上脂环、芳环或杂环形成的多环有机化合物,例如联(多)苯类,多苯代脂肪烃,稠环类,桥环类。
“稠环”是指一种特殊的多环有机化合物,由两个或两个以上脂环、芳环或杂环,以共有环边(即两个“直接相连”的碳或氮原子)而形成,如萘、蒽醌、茜素等。这些基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“稠杂环”指苯环和杂环或杂环间稠合而成的化合物。
“桥环”是指一种特殊的多环有机化合物,该化合物中的任意两个环共用两“不直接相连”的碳或氮原子。这些基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
术语“键”或“单键”指两个原子间或两个片断间(当通过键来连接的原子被认为是大结构的一部分时)的化学键。一方面,当本文所述的基团是一个键时,缺少参考基团,允许在剩余的确定基团间形成一个键。
术语“任选取代”或“取代”指参考基团可以被一个或多个额外基团所取代,额外基团单独地且独立的选自于,烷基,环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,杂脂环烃,羟基,烷氧基,烷硫基,芳硫基,烷亚砜基,芳亚砜基,烷砜基,芳砜基,氰基,卤基,羰基,硫代羰基,硝基,卤烷基,氟烷基和氨基,包括单取代和双取代的氨基基团及其被保护的衍生物。举例说明,任选取代可以是卤化物,-CN,-NO2或LsRs,其中每个Ls独立的选自于一个键,-O-,-C(=O)-,-C(=O)O-,-S-,-S(=O)-,-S(=O)2-,-NH-,-NHC(=O)-,-C(=O)NH-,S(=O)2NH-,-NHS(=O)2,-OC(=O)NH-,-NHC(=O)O-,或-(C1-C6烷基);每个Rs选自于氢,烷基,氟烷基,杂烷基,环烷基,芳基,杂芳基或杂环烷基。可以形成以上取代基的保护衍生物的保护基可以参考Greene和Wuts。一方面,任选取代基选自于卤素,CF3,OH,CN,NO2,SO3H,SO2NH2,SO2Me,NH2,COOH,CONH2,烷氧基,-N(CH3)2和烷基。
“羟基”是指含有氧原子以共价键与氢原子连接的化学官能团,通式为:R–OH。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“醚基”是指具有醚官能团的一类有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。前述醚官能团是由一个氧原子连接两个烃基或杂环所形成,通式为:R–O–R'。其中R、R'指有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“羰基衍生物基团”是指具有羰基官能团的一类有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。前述“羰基”官能团具是由碳和氧两种原子通过双键连接而成的有机官能团,通式为:R-(C=O)-R'。羰基衍生物包括但不限于羰基、醛基(通式R-CH=O)、酮基(通式R-(C=O)-R')、羧酸基(通式R-(C=O)-O-R')、酯基(通式R-(C=O)-O-R')、酰胺基(通式R-(CO)-NR'R”)。其中R、R”指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“硫基”是指含有硫原子以共价键与氢原子连接的化学官能团,通式为:R–SH。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“硫醚基”是指具有硫醚官能团的一类有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。前述硫醚官能团是由一个硫原子连接两个烃基或杂环所形成,通式为:R–S–R'。其中R、R'指有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“硫羰基”是由碳和硫两种原子通过双键连接而成的有机官能团,通式为:R-(C=S)-R。羰基衍生物包括但不限于硫羰基、硫醛基(通式R-CH=S)、硫酮基(通式R-(C=S)-R')、硫羧酸基(通式R-(C=S)-O-R')、硫酯基(通式R-(C=S)-O-R')、硫酰胺基(通式R-(CS)-NR'R”)。其中R、R'、R”指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“酰胺”是指含有和氮和与氮相连的酰基的一类化合物,官能团为R-E(O)x-N-R'R”,其中R、R'、R”指氢原子或有机基团,E常见的有碳、硫、磷等。当E为碳原子,x=1时为(碳)酰胺。当E为硫原子,x=2时为磺酰胺。当E为磷原子,x=1时为磷酰胺。其中R、R'、R”指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“氨基”是指氨分子(NH3)中的氢被烃基取代后形成的一类有机化合物。氨基是胺的官能团。胺可根据氨分子上被取代的氢原子数量,顺次分为伯胺(一级胺,通式R-NH2)、仲胺(二级胺,通式R-NH-R')、叔胺(三级胺,通式R-NR'-R”),季铵盐(四级铵盐,通式RR'R”R”'N+X-),可以看成是铵根离子(NH4+)的四个氢都被取代的产物。其中R、R'、R”、R”'指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“亚胺基”是指一种含碳-氮双键的官能团或有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团,通式为:R'R”C=N-R”',其中氮原子连接一个氢原子或一个有机基团(R”'),碳原子则与另两个基团以单键连接。它们包括但不限于亚胺(imine)基、仲胺基、二酰亚胺基、胍基。胍是指母体化合物胍形成的衍生物,通式为(R'R”N)(R”'R””N)C=N-R””'。其中R、R'、R”、R”'、R””、R””'指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“叠氮基”是指叠氮化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团,叠氮化合物分子中的三个氮原子以线型共振结构相互连接,通式为:R-N3。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“硝基”是指硝酸(HNO3)分子中去掉一个羟基后剩下的基团,通式为:R-NO2,包括但不限于硝酸酯基(通式R-O-NO2)。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“亚硝基”是指亚硝酸(HNO2)分子中去掉一个羟基后剩下的基团,通式为:R-N=O,包括但不限于亚硝酸酯基(通式R-O-N=O)。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“腈基”是指通式为R-C≡N的一类有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“异腈基”是指通式为R-N≡C的一类有机化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“含磷基团”是指含磷化合物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团,包括但不限于膦基、磷酸酯基、亚磷酸酯基。膦是指磷化氢分子中的氢原子部分或全部被烃基取代的一切衍生物,再去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。磷酸酯基指正磷酸(H3PO4)的酯衍生物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。亚磷酸酯基指亚磷酸(H3PO3)的酯衍生物去掉一个或多个氢原子后剩下的基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“磺基”是指硫酸(H2SO4)式中失去一个羟基(-OH)后剩余的部分,通式为:R-SO2-O-R'。其中R、R'指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“磺酰基”是指硫酸(H2SO4)式中失去所有羟基(-OH)后剩余的部分,通式为:R-SO2-R'。其中R、R'指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
“亚磺酰基”是指亚硫酸(H2SO3)式中失去所有羟基(-OH)后剩余的部分,通式为:R-(S=O)-R'。其中R、R'指氢原子或有机基团。基团中的氢原子可被任选取代。
特定药学及医学术语
术语“可接受的”,如本文所用,指一个处方组分或活性成分对一般治疗目标的健康没有过分的有害影响。
术语“心血管疾病”,如本文所用,指心或/和血管但不限于,心率失常(心房、心室或两者都),动脉粥样硬化及其后遗症、心绞痛、心律不齐、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、心血管动脉瘤、血管炎、中风,手足、器官或组织动脉末梢阻塞,脑部、心脏、其它器官或组织由于局部缺血造成的再灌注损伤;内毒素、外科或外伤性休克;高血压、心脏瓣膜性疾病、心力衰竭、异常血压;中风、心血管收缩(包括偏头疼并发症);血管异常、炎症、单一器官或组织的机能不全。
术语“癌症”,如本文所用,指一种不能控制的细胞的异常生长,并且在某种条件下能够转移(传播)。这种类型的癌症包括但不限于,固体肿瘤(如膀胱、肠、脑、胸、子宫、心脏、肾、肺、淋巴组织(淋巴瘤)、卵巢、胰腺或其它内分泌器官(如甲状腺)、前列腺、皮肤(黑色素瘤)或血液瘤(如非白血性白血病)。
术语“皮肤病”,如本文所用,这种皮肤病包括但不限于,皮肤的增殖性或炎症性疾病,如异位性皮炎、大疱皮肤病、胶原性疾病、接触性皮炎、川崎病、红斑痤疮、斯耶格伦氏综合症、荨麻疹。
术语“炎性疾病”指有一种或多种以下病症特征。如疼痛、发热、发红、肿大、暂时性或永久性功能缺失。炎症有很多表现形式,包括但不限于,急性、粘性、萎缩性、卡他性、慢性、硬化、弥漫性、散布性、渗出性、含纤维性、成纤维性、局部、肉芽肿、增生性、肥大性、间质性、转移性、坏死性、闭塞性、实质性、可塑性、产生性、增殖性、假膜性、化脓性、致硬化性、浆液纤维蛋白性、血浆性、单纯性、特异性、亚急性、催脓性、毒性、外伤性、和/或溃疡性。更进一步的,炎性疾病还包括,但不限于以下血管表象(多动脉炎,颞动脉炎);关节表象(关节炎——结晶性、骨骼性、牛皮癣、反应性、风湿性、赖特性);胃肠道表象(结肠炎);皮肤(皮炎);或多种组织和器官的表象(全身性红斑狼疮)。
术语“免疫性疾病”指对内源性或外源性抗原产生的不良或有害反应的疾病或症状。结果通常会造成细胞的功能障碍、或因此而破坏并造成机能障碍、或破坏可能产生免疫症状的器官或组织。
如本文所用的化合物的“代谢产物”指化合物代谢过程中产生的衍生物。术语“活性代谢物”指在化合物代谢过程中产生的有生物学活性的衍生物。术语“代谢”,如本文所述,指特定物质被有机体转化的整个过程(包括但不限于,水解反应和由酶催化的反应)。因此,酶可以特异地改变化合物的结构。如,细胞色素P540催化一系列氧化和还原反应,而尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸基转移酶催化活化的葡糖醛酸分子连接到芳基醇、脂族醇、羧酸、胺及自由巯基上。
本文所用的代谢物是指将化合物给予一种宿主,然后分析宿主的组织样品;或是将化合物与肝脏细胞在体外共孵育,然后分析反应后的化合物。
术语“受试者”或“病人”包括哺乳动物和非哺乳动物。哺乳动物包括但不限于,哺乳类:人、非人灵长类如猩猩、猿及猴类;农业动物如牛、马、山羊、绵羊、猪;家畜如兔、狗;实验动物包括啮齿类,如大鼠、小鼠及豚鼠等。非哺乳类动物包括但不限于,鸟、鱼等。在一优选例中,所选哺乳动物是人。
术语“治疗”、“治疗过程”或“疗法”如本文所用,包括缓和、抑制或改善疾病的症状或状况;抑制并发症的产生;改善或预防潜在代谢综合症;抑制疾病或症状的产生,如控制疾病或情况的发展;减轻疾病或症状;使疾病或症状减退;减轻由疾病或症状引起的并发症,或预防或治疗由疾病或症状引起的征兆。
如本文所用,某一化合物或药物组合物,给药后,可以使某一疾病、症状或情况得到改善,尤指其严重度得到改善,延迟发病,减缓病情进展,或减少病情持续时间。无论固定给药或临时给药、持续给药或断续给药,可以归因于或与给药有关的情况。
治疗用途
本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物可用作抗神经紊乱和中风、炎症、代谢性疾病、皮肤病、心血管病、肾病、肿瘤和癌症等有关的方面。
本文中所指疾病和病症在本文中在常规标题下分类,例如神经紊乱和炎性疾病。本领域技术人员会意识到,本文中所指疾病或病症可在不同标题下或多标题下适当分类。本发明不受本文中所指疾病和/或病症的分类限制。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防神经紊乱和中风,其中所述神经紊乱包括:中风或头部创伤所致并发症,脑、外周神经、中枢神经或神经肌肉系统的其它损伤。神经紊乱可包括并不限于:老年痴呆症、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s disease)、血管性痴呆(vascular dementia)、雷维小体痴呆(Lewy body disease)、额颞叶痴呆(frontotemporaldementia)、杭廷顿氏舞蹈病(Huntington’s disease)、运动神经元病(motor neurondisease)、多系统萎缩(multisystem atrophy)、进行性核上性麻痹(progressivesupranuclear palsy)、正常压脑积水(normal pressure hydrocephalus)、癫痫、帕金森氏病、中风、脊髓损伤、创伤性脑损伤、皮克氏病、尼曼-皮克氏病、淀粉样血管病、淀粉样脑血管病、全身性淀粉样变性、伴有荷兰型淀粉样变性的遗传性脑出血、包涵体肌炎、轻度认知损害、唐氏综合征、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、多发性硬化、杜兴氏肌营养不良、贝克尔氏肌营养不良、面肩臂(兰杜二氏)肌营养不良和肢带肌营养不良(LGMD);神经性疼痛,比如:神经病理性疼痛(Neuropathic Pain);以及老年相关眼病,比如:黄斑变性、白内障、青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变;和制备治疗和/或预防这些疾病的药物。中风由于起因是血管病变,因此也可归类于心血管病。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防炎症或免疫系统疾病,它们包括但不限于:狼疮、关节炎症(例如风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、骨关节炎、强硬性椎关节炎)、皮肤炎症(牛皮癣、皮炎、硬皮病)、肠道炎症(例如炎性肠疾病(IBD)、节段性回肠炎症、溃疡性结肠炎)、I型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、重症肌无力、血管炎、哮喘、特应性疾病(例如过敏)、移植/移植物排斥及移植物对宿主疾病、或其它免疫系统的选择性机能障碍;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防代谢性疾病,它们包括但不限于:糖尿病(例如二型糖尿病)、血脂异常、动脉硬化、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝疾病和其它疾病;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明提供的化合物可用于制备用于化妆用组合物,以及治疗和/或预防皮肤病。其中所述皮肤病包括并不限于:1)涉及分化和增殖的角质化障碍有关的皮肤病,特别是寻常痤疮、粉刺或多形痤疮、红斑痤疮、结节性囊性痤疮、聚合性痤疮、老年性痤疮和继发性痤疮,如日光性、药物性或职业性痤疮;2)其它类型角质化疾病,特别是鱼鳞藓、鳞癣状病症、Darrier氏病、掌跖角化病、粘膜白斑病和粘膜白斑样病,或皮肤或粘膜(口部)苔癣病;3)与炎性免疫变应性组分有关并且伴随或不伴随细胞增殖紊乱的皮肤病,特别是所有形式的牛皮癣,或者皮肤特应性反应,如湿疹、或呼吸道特应性反应或齿龈肥大;4)所有的真皮或表皮增殖,无论是良性的还是恶性的,以及无论是否由病毒引起的,如普通疣、扁平疣和疣状表皮发育不良,或鲜红或口腔乳头状瘤病、T淋巴瘤和可由紫外线引起的增殖,特别是基底细胞和棘细胞上皮癌,以及所有癌症前期的皮肤病变,如角化棘皮瘤;5)其它皮肤病,例如免疫性皮肤病,如红斑狼疮、免疫性大疱疾病和胶原病,如硬皮病;6)与免疫有关的皮肤病或全身性疾病;7)由紫外线照射引起的皮肤病,用于修复或防止皮肤老化(例如光致老化、年龄性老化、光化性角化和色素沉着),任何与年龄性老化或光致老化相关的疾病,如干燥病;8)皮脂功能紊乱,如痤疮的皮脂分泌过多或单纯性脂溢;9)治疗和/或预防瘢痕形成疾病,预防或修复扩张痕;10)色素沉着疾病,如色素沉着过度、黑斑病、色素沉着不足或白癫风;11)各种原因的脱发,特别是化疗或辐射引起的脱发;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防心血管病,它们包括但不限于:高血压;充血性心力衰竭;导致心律不齐的综合征(包括阵发性心动过速、迟发性后去极化、室性心动过速、突发性心动过速、运动引起的心律不齐、QT间期延长综合征和双向心动过速);血栓栓塞病(包括动脉心血管血栓栓塞病、静脉心血管血栓栓塞病和心室血栓栓塞病);动脉粥样硬化;再狭窄(restensosis);外周动脉病;冠脉分流搭桥术(bypass graftingsurgery);颈动脉病;动脉炎;心肌炎;心血管炎;血管炎;冠心病(CHD);不稳定性心绞痛(UA);不稳定性顽固性心绞痛;稳定性心绞痛(SA);慢性稳定性心绞痛;急性冠脉综合征(ACS);首次或复发性心肌梗塞;急性心肌梗塞(AMI);心肌梗塞;非Q波心肌梗塞;非-STE心肌梗塞;冠状动脉病;局部缺血性心脏病;心肌缺血;局部缺血;局部缺血性猝死;一过性局部缺血发作;中风;周围闭塞性动脉病;静脉血栓形成;深静脉血栓形成;血栓静脉炎;动脉栓塞;冠状动脉血栓形成;脑动脉血栓形成;脑栓塞;肾栓塞;肺栓塞;由以下导致的血栓形成:(a)修复瓣膜或其它移植物,(b)流置导管,(c)斯滕特氏血管支架,(d)心肺分流术,(e)血透析,(f)其中血暴露于促使血栓形成的人工装置表面的其它手术;手术或手术并发症、长时间固定术、动脉纤颤、先天性血栓形成倾向、癌症、糖尿病、药物或激素作用和怀孕并发症引起的血栓形成;心律不齐,包括室上性心律不齐、心房心律不齐、心房扑动、心房纤维性颤动;在《Braunwald心脏病学心血管内科学教科书(Braunwald's Heart Disease:ATextbook of Cardiovascular Medicine)》2001年版中列举的其它疾病;中风及其引起的并发症;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防肾病,它们包括但不限于:急性肾脏损伤、慢性肾病,慢性肾小球肾炎、膜性肾炎、增生性肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、糖尿病性肾病、高血压肾病、紫癜性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、IgA肾病、肾小球硬化症、肾变病综合征、肾缺血、尿毒症;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明提供的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防肿瘤、癌和腺癌,它们包括但不限于:肺癌、肠癌(例如:结肠癌)、胃癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、食管癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、淋巴癌、脑癌(例如:垂体癌、胶质细胞瘤、脑转移瘤)、白血病、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤其他类型癌和肿瘤;和用于制备治疗这些疾病的药物。
本发明含羰基环状化合物的剂量要求可根据所治疗和/或预防的具体患者、其病症出现症状的严重程度而定。本领域技术人员可容易确定所需含羰基环状化合物的量。在一个实施方案中,给予约10-100mg。在进一步的实施方案中,给予约1-10mg。在另一个实施方案中,给予约0.1–1mg。尤其与另一种药物联用时。在更进一步的实施方案中,给予1-10mg。在又另一个实施方案中,给予约0.1–1mg。治疗和/或预防开始时,给予含羰基环状化合物的剂量小于产生需要的作用所需的那些剂量,通常小于罗格列酮和吡格列酮的最适宜剂量。之后,可增加剂量直至在患者环境中达到最佳效果。确切的剂量由给药医师根据对所治疗和/或预防的患者个体的经验决定。一般而言,最适宜给予通常提供有效结果而不造成任何有害或不利副作用的浓度的本发明组合物。
本发明中化合物的用途为制备制剂,包括:直接使用化合物或在制备过程中获得的任一成分使用;用于体外筛选实验中,用来筛选验证用于预防或治疗上文所述的疾病或症状的成分。
在另一方面,式(I)化合物被用在筛选实验中,具体是将式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂,或生理上的水解产物,增溶衍生物或固相衍生物液,用于筛选实验中验证候选化合物,这些候选化合物可用于治疗一种或多种上文所述的疾病或症状。较好的,本发明中的化合物可用于确认候选化合物激活PPAR伽马亚型受体的能力。
发明提供检测含羰基环状化合物的活性的高通量筛选方法及其药剂盒或包装物。本发明的药剂盒可包含本发明的KL-Luc稳转细胞株,或瞬时转染用的KL-Luc质粒。此类药剂盒还可含有制备本发明的含羰基环状化合物、罗格列酮、吡格列酮作为内标。药剂盒还可包括实施本发明反应的说明书。药剂盒还提供其它适宜的化学品。
近年来,PPAR伽马亚型激动剂被发现,能通过激活PPAR伽马亚型,提高哺乳动物Klotho基因的表达。一篇文献用Klotho基因来盲目筛选一些化合物,发现名为N-(2-氯苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-酰胺的化合物具有提高Klotho基因表达的活性,但是没有发现任何含羰基环状化合物有提高Klotho基因表达的活性,也没有用Klotho基因来筛选任何PPAR伽马亚型激动剂。
本发明用Klotho基因有目的地筛选PPAR伽马亚型激动剂,本发明涉及的新的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂都是含羰基环状化合物,最终本发明检测并挑选出了一批有提高Klotho基因表达的活性的含羰基环状新的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂。
Klotho基因表达量被提高,表明含羰基环状化合物是有活性的。其活性用EC50表示,其含义是:能引起50%最大效应(即Klotho基因的最大表达量)的含羰基环状化合物的浓度。本发明保留Klotho基因启动子DNA片段,但将Klotho基因编码区的DNA片段换成萤光素酶(Luciferase),以便通过检测萤光素酶发光信号,灵敏地确定Klotho基因启动子被激活的程度和Klotho基因的表达量。
转染(transfection)指真核细胞由于外源DNA掺入而获得新的遗传标志的过程。常规转染技术可分为瞬时转染和稳定转染(永久转染)两大类。前者外源DNA/RNA不整合到宿主染色体中,因此一个宿主细胞中可存在多个拷贝数,产生高水平的表达,但通常只持续几天,多用于启动子和其它调控元件的分析。后者也称稳定转染,外源DNA既可以整合到宿主染色体中,也可能作为一种游离体(episome)存在。
本文中使用的术语“KL-Luc”是指一个特殊的外源DNA片段,包含KL和Luc两部分。其中“KL”是指Klotho蛋白基因的启动子区域。“Luc”是指萤光素酶(Luciferase)的编码片段。萤光素酶这里被用作报告基因,而报告基因是一种编码可被检测的蛋白质或酶的基因。本发明的萤光素酶片段也可以用其他本领域技术人员熟知的报告基因代替,例如,分泌型碱性磷酸酶(secreted alkaline phosphatase,SEAP)。
本文中使用的术语“细胞株”是指通过选择法或克隆形成法从原代培养物或细胞系中获得具有特殊性质或标志物的培养物。本文中使用的术语“稳转细胞株”是指稳定转染的细胞株。这些细胞株可以是一种叫HEK293的人胚肾细胞株,也可以是其他细胞株。
给药途径
在一个方面,本发明包括制备含一种和多种本发明含羰基环状化合物的药物组合物的方法。本文中使用的含本发明的“含羰基环状化合物”的组合物应包括含一种和多种本发明含羰基环状化合物的组合物。可通过几种不同途径给予哺乳动物患者固体或液体形式的该组合物,通过口服给药为宜。
可通过使含羰基环状化合物和一种或多种上述成分混合,形成含有含羰基环状化合物的固体形式,该形式包括片剂、胶囊剂和胶囊形片剂。在一个实施方案中,用干法或湿法混合组合物中的组分。在另一个实施方案中,用干法将组分制粒。在进一步的实施方案中,将组分悬浮或溶于液体,并加入适宜给予哺乳动物患者的形式中。
可通过将含羰基环状化合物溶于或悬浮于适宜给予哺乳动物患者的液体中,形成含含羰基环状化合物的液体形式。
可按照本发明,通过使含羰基环状化合物和药学上可接受的载体混合,制备含本发明的含羰基环状化合物的组合物。
可按任何适合需要的递药途径形式,用药学上有效量的含羰基环状化合物配制本文中所述含含羰基环状化合物的组合物。例如,可通过诸如口服、皮、透皮、支气管内、鼻内、静脉内、肌内、皮下、肠胃外、腹膜内、鼻内、阴道、直肠、舌下、颅内、硬膜外、气管内的途径或通过缓释给予本发明组合物。在一个实施方案中,递药为口服。
也可用本发明的口服剂量片剂组合物制备含含羰基环状化合物的口服剂量片剂,此类类似物包括但不限于本领域技术人员已知的酯、氨基甲酸酯、硫酸酯、醚、肟、碳酸酯等。
含羰基环状化合物的药学上的有效量可根据组合物中的具体化合物、递药模式、所治疗和/或预防病症的严重程度和使用的任何其它活性成分而变化。也可调整给药方案,以便提供最佳治疗和/或预防反应。可每日给予几次分剂量,例如每日2-4次分剂量,或可给予单一剂量。但可根据治疗和/或预防情况的缓急程度,按比例减少和增加剂量。在一个实施方案中,递药按每日一次、每周一次和每月一次实施。在另一个实施方案中,递药为每日一次。但是,可根据给药的疗程,减少和增加日剂量。
本发明的含羰基环状化合物可与一种或多种药学上可接受载体或赋型剂混合,它们包括但不限于与本发明组合物配伍的固体和液体载体。此类载体包括佐剂、糖浆、酏剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂、制粒剂、崩解剂、软化剂、金属鳌合剂、pH调节剂、表面活性剂、填充剂、崩解剂及其组合等。在一个实施方案中,使含羰基环状化合物与金属鳌合剂、pH调节剂、表面活性剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂和粘合剂混合。
佐剂可包括但不限于矫味剂、着色剂、防腐剂和补充抗氧剂,该抗氧基可包括维生素E、抗坏血酸、丁羟甲苯(BHT)和丁羟茴醚(BHA)。
粘合剂可包括但不限于纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、非结晶性纤维素、聚丙基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、明胶、阿拉伯树胶和阿拉伯胶、聚乙二醇、淀粉;糖例如蔗糖;高岭土;葡萄糖和乳糖;胆固醇、黄蓍胶、硬脂酸、明胶、酪蛋白、卵磷脂(磷脂)、十六醇十八醇混合物、鲸蜡醇、十六烷基酯蜡、葡萄糖结合剂、糊精、单油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、棕榈酸硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油类似物、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚乙烯醇和明胶等。在一个实施方案中,粘合剂是聚维酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或明胶。在另一个实施方案中,粘合剂是聚维酮。
润滑剂可包括硬脂酸镁、轻质无水硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸、十二烷基硫酸钠和硬脂酰富马酸钠等。在一个实施方案中,润滑剂是硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或硬脂酰富马酸钠。在另一个实施方案中,润滑剂是硬脂酸镁。
制粒剂可包括但不限于二氧化硅、微晶纤维素、淀粉、碳酸钙、果胶、交联聚维酮(crospovidone)和聚乙烯吡啶咯烷酮(polyplasdone)等。
崩解剂可包括交联羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、取代的羟丙基纤维素、碳酸氢钠、磷酸钙、柠檬酸钙、淀粉羟乙酸钠、预胶化淀粉或交联聚维酮等。在一个实施方案中,崩解剂是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
软化剂可包括但不限于硬脂醇、貂油、鲸蜡醇、油醇、月桂酸异丙酯、聚乙二醇、橄榄油、凡士林、棕榈酸、油酸和肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯。
表面活性剂可包括吐温、山梨坦酯、泊洛沙姆或十二烷基硫酸钠。在一个实施方案中,表面活性剂是十二烷基硫酸钠。
金属鳌合剂可包括生理学上可接受的鳌合剂,它们包括依地酸、苹果酸或富马酸。在一个实施方案中,金属鳌合剂是依地酸。
pH调节剂也可用于调节含羰基环状化合物的溶液的pH至约4-约6。在一个实施方案中,将含羰基环状化合物的溶液的pH调至约4.6pH。pH调节剂可包括生理学上可接受的物质,它们包括柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、富马酸或苹果酸及其盐。在一个实施方案中,pH调节剂是柠檬酸。
可按照本发明使用的填充剂包括无水乳糖、微晶纤维素、甘露醇、磷酸钙、预胶化淀粉或蔗糖。在一个实施方案中,填充剂是无水乳糖。在另一个实施方案中,填充剂是微晶纤维素。
在一个实施方案中,通过片剂、胶囊形片剂或胶囊剂、微囊剂、可分散散剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂、酏剂和气雾剂,口服递送含本发明的含羰基环状化合物的组合物。优选,当通过口服递送含含羰基环状化合物的组合物时,通过片剂和硬胶囊或灌装液体的胶囊实施递药。
在另一个实施方案中,可通过静脉内、肌内、皮下、肠胃外和腹膜内途径,以无菌注射溶液、混悬液和具有易于注射器推出(exits)的流动性粉末的形式,递送内含含羰基环状化合物的组合物。此类注射组合物是无菌的,在制备和储存条件下稳定、无微生物例如细菌和真菌的污染作用。
在进一步的实施方案中,可按常规栓剂形式,通过直肠递送含含羰基环状化合物的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,可按常规栓剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、环或涂层子宫内装置(coated intrauterine device)(IUD),递送含含羰基环状化合物的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,可通过涂层或浸透的支撑结构递送含有含羰基环状化合物的组合物,所述支撑结构即为可含有载荷药学上可接受的载体或含本发明提供的化合物的赋型剂的框架,该框架例如为斯滕特氏血管支架或分流装置;冠脉斯滕特氏支架、外周血管斯滕特氏支架、导管、动脉-静脉移植物、分流移植物和用于血管系统的递药气囊。在一个实施方案中,适合使用的涂层包括但不限于由本发明提供的化合物基本上可溶解于其中的任何聚合物组成的聚合物涂层。支撑结构和涂层和浸透方法例如在美国专利号6,890,546中所述那些方法为本领域技术人员所知,且不受本发明的限制。
在又一个实施方案中,可以以气雾剂形式,通过鼻内或支气管内途径递送含含羰基环状化合物的组合物。
通过口服、静脉内、肌内或皮下途径给予含羰基环状化合物。固体载体包括淀粉、乳糖、磷酸二钙、微晶纤维素、蔗糖和高岭土,而液体载体包括无菌水、聚乙二醇、非离子型表面活性剂;和食用油例如玉米、花生和芝麻油,但它们必须与活性成分的性质和需要给药的具体形式相适宜。最好,包含用于制备药用组合物的常用佐剂,例如矫味剂、着色剂、防腐剂、和抗氧剂,例如维生素E、抗坏血酸、BHT和BHA。
从便于制备和给药方面考虑,优选的药用组合物为固体组合物,尤其是片剂和填充的硬胶囊剂或液体灌装的胶囊剂。优选口服给药组合物。
也可肠胃外或腹膜内给予含羰基环状化合物。用适宜与表面活性剂例如羟丙基纤维素混合的水制备这些活性化合物的游离碱或生理学上可接受的盐的溶液或混悬液。也可用甘油、液体、聚乙二醇及其在油中的混合物制备分散液。在普通储存和使用条件下,这些制剂含有防止微生物生长的防腐剂。
适宜注射用的药剂形式包括无菌水溶液或分散液和用于临用时制备无菌注射液或分散液的无菌粉末。在所有情况下,该形式为无菌的并具有便于注射器推出的流动性。它在制备和储存条件稳定,并在抗微生物例如细菌和真菌的污染作用下保存。载体为或含例如水、醇(例如甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇)、其适宜的混合物和植物油的溶剂或分散溶媒。
在本说明书中被描述的所有特征(包括任何所述的权利要求、摘要和图),和/或任何方法或过程中涉及的所有步骤,均有可能以任意一种组合存在,除非某些特征或步骤在同一组合中是相互排斥的。
这些实施例仅供例证说明的目的,并不限定在此提供的权利要求的范围。
实施例1
化合物反-6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮的制备
(E)-6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
步骤1:化合物1-乙基-4-(3-丁烯)基苯的制备
1-(but-3-en-1-yl)-4-ethylbenzene
氩气保护下,称取镁粉(1.04g,0.043mol)加入500mL三口瓶中。称取三氯化铁(300mg,0.00178mol)溶于200mL无水四氢呋喃中,慢慢滴加到三口瓶中,称取四甲基乙二胺(5.00g,0.043mol)滴加到三口瓶中。在室温下搅拌20分钟。冰水浴将反应体系温度降到0℃。分别称取对乙基溴苯(6.6g,0.036mol),4-溴-1-丁烯(5.8g,0.043mol),同时缓慢滴加到反应体系中。加完后,在0℃下搅拌3个小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后。加入50mL饱和氯化铵水溶液搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,加入150mL水。用150mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:石油醚)纯化。得到3g(52%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.20(t,3H),1.26(m,2H),1.75(m,2H),4.89(m,2H),5.92(m,1H),7.14(m,4H)
步骤2:化合物反-6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮的制备
(E)-6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
氩气保护下,分别称取6-溴-1-茚酮(112mg,0.53mmol),化合物1(140mg,0.80mmol),醋酸钯(6mg,0.027mmol),三(邻甲基苯基)膦(16mg,0.053mmol)加入25mL三口瓶中,加入三乙胺(1.5mL),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)。油浴将反应体系加热到100℃,搅拌6个小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后,降至室温,加入5mL水搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用15mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)纯化。得到70mg(44%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.23(dd,2H),2.60(m,4H),2.71(m,2H),3.12(m,2H),6.38(m,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.65(m,3H)
实施例2
化合物6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁基)-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮的制备
6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one
称取化合物2(1.2g),加入50mL高压反应釜中,加入10mL甲醇溶解,加入钯碳(100mg),通入氢气,高压反应釜温度设定50℃,压力设定1Mpa。反应2个小时后。将体系温度降至室温,过滤钯碳,浓缩滤液,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化。得到1.1g(91.7%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.23(t,3H),2.23(m,4H),2.60(m,8H),3.14(t,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.65(m,3H)
实施例3
化合物反-7-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-3,4-二氢-2-喹啉的制备
(E)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
步骤1:化合物反-6-((反)-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮-肟的制备(E)-6-((E)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-oneoxime
分别称取化合物2(50mg,0.172mmol),盐酸羟胺(18mg,0.258mmol),醋酸钠(26mg,0.31mmol),加入25mL三口瓶中,加入3mL无水乙醇。室温搅拌3小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后,加水3mL淬灭反应,浓缩,加入5mL乙酸乙酯萃取2次,合并有机相,分别用水、饱和氯化钠洗有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到55mg粗品,无需纯化,直接用于下一步反应。
步骤2:化合物反-7-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-3,4-二氢-2-喹啉的制备
(E)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
称取化合物4(30mg),加入三口瓶中,量取5mL多聚磷酸加入三口瓶中,油浴加热反应体系到80℃搅拌2个小时。将体系温度降至室温,加入5mL水搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用15mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化。得到20mg(66%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,D4-DMSO)δ1.14(t,3H),2.54(dd,2H),2.74(m,2H),3.03(m,4H),3.34(m,2H),6.42(m,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.42(m,1H),7.57(m,1H),7.67(m,1H)
实施例4
化合物7-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁基)-3,4-二氢-2-喹啉的制备
7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
称取化合物5(1g),加入50mL高压反应釜中,加入10mL甲醇溶解,加入钯碳(100mg),通入氢气,高压反应釜温度设定50℃,压力设定1Mpa。反应2个小时后。将体系温度降至室温,过滤钯碳,浓缩滤液,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化。得到950mg(95%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,D4-DMSO)δ1.14(t,3H),1.24(m,2H),1.32(m,2H),2.56(m,2H),2.78(m,2H),3.09(m,4H),3.36(m,2H),7.13(m,4H),7.45(m,1H),7.56(m,1H),7.69(m,1H)
实施例5
化合物8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-2,3-二氢[b]-1,4-苯并氧氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮的制备
8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-one
步骤1:化合物3-(3-溴苯氧基)丙酸的制备
3-(3-bromophenoxy)propanoicacid
分别称取3-氯丙酸(10.8g,0.1mol),3-溴苯酚(17.3g,0.1mol)加入1000mL三口瓶中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液(500ml,4.8mol/L)。室温下搅拌2个小时,溶液盐酸变成黄色,薄层色谱监控反应完全后,缓慢加入浓盐酸(12mol/L)调节溶液pH值到2。溶液中出现沉淀,过滤沉淀,烘干。得到21g(85%)淡黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.65(t,2H),4.21(t,2H),6.93(m,1H),7.20(m,3H)
步骤2:化合物7-溴-苯并四氢吡喃的制备
7-bromochroman-4-one
称取化合物7(5g),加入三口瓶中,量取50mL多聚磷酸加入100mL三口瓶中,油浴加热反应体系到80℃搅拌2个小时。将体系温度降至室温,加入100mL水搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)纯化。得到3.1g(60%)黄色固体。1H-NMR(40MHz,CDCl3)δ2.80(t,2H),4.55(t,2H),7.15(dd,1H),7.25(s,1H),7.71(t,1H).
步骤3:化合物反-7-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁烯基)苯并二氢吡喃的制备
(E)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)chroman-4-one
氩气保护下,分别称取化合物8(114mg,0.50mmol),化合物1(130mg,0.81mmol),醋酸钯(6mg,0.027mmol),三(邻甲基苯基)膦(16mg,0.053mmol)加入25mL三口瓶中,加入三乙胺(1.5mL),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)。油浴将反应体系加热到100℃,搅拌5个小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后,降至室温,加入5mL水搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用15mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4)纯化。得到83mg(54%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.22(t,3H),2.25(dd,2H),2.63(m,4H),2.69(t,2H),4.12(t,2H),6.39(m,2H),7.21(m,4H),7.75(m,3H)
步骤4:化合物反-7-((E)-4-(4-乙基苯基)丁烯基)苯并二氢吡喃-肟的制备(E)-7-((E)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)chroman-4-oneoxime
分别称取化合物9(100mg,0.33mmol),盐酸羟胺(36mg,0.52mmol),醋酸钠(52mg,0.62mmol),加入25mL三口瓶中,加入5mL无水乙醇。室温搅拌3小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后,加水5mL淬灭反应,浓缩,加入10mL乙酸乙酯萃取2次,合并有机相,分别用水、饱和氯化钠洗有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到110mg粗品,无需纯化,直接用于下一步反应。
步骤5:化合物反-8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁烯基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并氧氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮的制备
(E)-8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-one
称取化合物10(80mg),加入三口瓶中,量取5mL多聚磷酸加入三口瓶中,油浴加热反应体系到80℃搅拌2个小时。将体系温度降至室温,加入5mL水搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用15mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)纯化。得到40mg(50%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.29(dd,2H),2.59(m,4H),2.82(t,2H),4.38(t,2H),6.55(m,2H),7.02(m,4H),7.75(m,3H)
步骤6:8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-2,3-二氢[b]-1,4-苯并氧氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮
8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin-4(5H)-one
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物11(2.3g)和钯碳(230mg)反应,得到2.2g(96%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.27(t,3H),2.25(dd,2H),2.59(m,6H),2.84(t,2H),4.39(t,2H),7.03(m,4H),7.72(m,3H)
实施例6
化合物6-(7-(4-乙基苯基)己烷基)异苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮的制备
6-(6-(4-ethylphenyl)hexyl)isochroman-4-one
步骤1:化合物4-溴-2-羟甲基-苯甲酸的制备
4-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)benzoicacid
称取6-溴-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮(5.0g,23.47mmol),加入三口瓶中,量取四氢呋喃:甲醇:水(2:1:1,80mL),加入三口瓶中,搅拌10分钟,溶解后,加入氢氧化锂(3.45g,70.42mmol)在室温下搅拌16小时,薄层色谱监控原料反应完全后,浓缩反应液,加入水(100mL),用2N盐酸调节pH到3,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到3.3g(91%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,,CD3OD):7.88-7.86(m,2H),7.45(dd,1H),4.90(s,2H)
步骤2:化合物4-溴-2-((羧基甲氧基)甲基)苯甲酸的制备
4-bromo-2-((carboxymethoxy)methyl)benzoicacid
称取化合物13(5.0g,21.64mmol),溴乙酸(2.99g,21.64mmol)加入三口瓶中,量取四氢呋喃(60mL),加入三口瓶中,搅拌10分钟,溶解后,在半小时内,分批加入氢化钠(3.46g,86.56mmol),然后加入碘化钠(324.6mg,2.164mmol)在70℃下搅拌16小时,薄层色谱监控原料反应完全后,降到室温,加入水(150mL),用2N盐酸调节pH到3,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到4.27g(70%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)7.93-7.87(m,2H),7.55-7.52(m,1H),4.98(s,2H),4.23(s,2H)
步骤3:化合物7-溴-4-异苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮的制备
7-bromoisochroman-4-one
称取化合物14(5.2g,18.06mmol),加入三口瓶中,量取乙酸酐(100mL),加入三口瓶中,搅拌10分钟,加入醋酸钾(7.61g,77.64mmol)在100℃下搅拌2小时,降到室温,浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,加入乙醇(50mL)溶解,再加入氢氧化钠(2.89g,72.24mmol)。在室温下搅拌2个小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1)纯化。得到725mg(18%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDC13)5:7.90(d,1H),7.56(dd,1H),7.42(s,1H),4.86(s,2H),4.36(s,2H).
步骤4:化合物1-乙基-4-(5-己烯)基苯的制备
1-ethyl-4-(hex-5-en-1-yl)benzene
氩气保护下,称取镁粉(200mg,6.5mmol)加入100mL三口瓶中。称取三氯化铁(50mg,0.3mmol)溶于25mL无水四氢呋喃中,慢慢滴加到三口瓶中,称取四甲基乙二胺(800mg,6.5mmol)滴加到三口瓶中。在室温下搅拌20分钟。冰水浴将反应体系温度降到0℃。分别称取对乙基溴苯(1g,5.4mmol),6-溴-1-己烯(1.1g,6.5mmol),同时缓慢滴加到反应体系中。加完后,在0℃下搅拌3个小时,薄层色谱监控反应完全后。加入5mL饱和氯化铵水溶液搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,加入15mL水。用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:石油醚)纯化。得到400mg(40%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(t,3H),1.44(m,2H),1.65(m,2H),2.10(dd,2H),2.61(m,2H),4.99(m,2H),5.82(m,1H),7.11(m,4H)
步骤5:化合物的制备
(E)-7-(6-(4-ethylphenyl)hex-1-en-1-yl)isochroman-4-one
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物15(227mg,1mmol)和化合物16(282mg,1.5mmol)反应,得到110mg(33%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.23(dd,2H),2.60(m,4H),4.38(s,2H),4.56(s,2H),6.38(m,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.65(m,3H)
步骤6:化合物6-(7-(4-乙基苯基)己烷基)异苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮的制备
6-(7-(4-ethylphenyl)hexyl)isochroman-4-one
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物17(3.3g)和钯碳(330mg)反应,得到3.2g(96%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.23(dd,2H),2.60(m,6H),4.37(s,2H),4.53(s,2H),,7.18(m,4H),7.69(m,3H)
实施例7
化合物6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁基)-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮的制备
6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
步骤1:化合物6-溴-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮的制备
6-bromo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
称取2-氨基-4-溴苯酚(2.5g,13mmol)加入三口瓶中,量取四氢呋喃80mL加入体系中,量取三乙胺(2.4mL,17mmol)加入。将反应体系降温到0℃,量取氯乙酰氯(1.12mL,14mmol)滴加到反应体系中,加完后在0℃下搅拌10分钟,再升至室温搅拌2小时。然后将体系降至0℃,分批加入氢化钠(1.05g,26mmol),将反应体系降到0℃反应20分钟再升至室温反应2小时。浓缩反应体系,加入100mL水淬灭反应,过滤沉淀,水洗,干燥滤饼。得到2.5g红色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.62(s,2H),6.86(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),7.09(dd,1H)
步骤2:化合物反-6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁烯基)-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮的制备
(E)-6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
用制备化合物5的同样方法,化合物19(200mg,0.877mmol)和化合物1(150mg,1.05mmol)反应,得到100mg(37.1%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.29(m,2H),2.58(m,4H),4.79(s,2H),6.28(m,2H),6.92(m,1H),7.06(m,4H),7.36(m,1H),7.69(m,1H)
步骤3:化合物6-(4-(4-乙基苯)丁基)-2H-1,4-苯并恶嗪-3(4H)-酮的制备
6-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物20(1.8g)和钯碳(180mg)反应,得到1.7g(95%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.59(m,4H),2.61(m,6H),4.78(s,2H),6.93(m,1H),7.09(m,4H),7.39(m,1H),7.69(m,1H)
实施例8
化合物8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-1H-吡喃并[3,4-b]喹啉-4(3H)-酮的制备8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-4(3H)-one
步骤1:化合物7-溴-2-甲基喹啉-3-甲酸乙酯的制备
ethyl7-bromo-2-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate
称取2-氨基-5-溴苯甲醛(2.0g,10mmol)和乙酰乙酸乙酯(2.0g,15mmol)加入三口瓶中,加入30mL乙醇,再加入乙醇钠(1.02g,15mmol),加热到78℃反应12小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)纯化。得到1.2g(53%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.53(s,3H),4.30(dd,2H),8.05(m,3H),9.03(s,1H)
步骤2:化合物7-溴-2-溴甲基喹啉-3-甲酸乙酯的制备
ethyl7-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate
称取化合物22(2.94g,10mmol)和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(2.14g,12mmol)加入三口瓶中,加入60mL四氯化碳,150w白炽灯泡照射,反应6小时。过滤固体,浓缩反应液,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8)纯化。得到3g(81%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.27(t,3H),4.30(dd,2H),4.89(s,2H),8.05(m,3H),9.06(s,1H)
步骤3:化合物7-溴-2-((2-乙氧基-2-氧代乙氧基)甲基)喹啉-3-甲酸乙酯的制备
ethyl7-bromo-2-((2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy)methyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate
称取乙醇酸乙酯(1.25g,12mmol)化合物23(3.73g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL苯,再称取氢化钠(0.8g,20mmol)加入到反应体系中,加热回流反应10小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化。得到1.8g(53%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.29(m,6H),4.23(m,6H),4.45(s,2H),8.15(m,3H),9.03(s,1H)
步骤4:化合物的8-溴-4-氧代-3,4-二氢-1H-吡喃并[3,4-b]喹啉-3-甲酸乙酯制备
ethyl 8-bromo-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinoline-3-carboxylate
称取化合物24(1.0g,2.53mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL甲苯,再称取醋酸钠(0.4g,5mmol)加入到反应体系中,加热回流反应10小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化。得到0.5g(53%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.29(t,3H),4.21(m,2H),4.54(s,1H),5.00(m,2H),8.15(m,3H),8.83(s,1H)
步骤5:化合物8-溴-4-氧代-3,4-二氢-1H-吡喃并[3,4-b]喹啉-3-甲酸的制备
8-bromo-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinoline-3-carboxylicacid
称取化合物25(2.0g,5.71mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL乙醇:水(1:1),再称取氢氧化钠(1.14g,28.55mmol)加入到反应体系中,室温搅拌反应12小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用2N稀盐酸调节pH到2,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品直接用于下一步反应。得到1.8g(88%)黄色固体。
步骤6:化合物8-溴-1H-吡喃并[3,4-b]喹啉-4(3H)-酮的制备
8-bromo-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-4(3H)-one
称取化合物26(1.0g,3.11mmol)加入到三口瓶中,量取20mL甲苯加入,再加入对甲苯磺酸(0.54g,3.11mmol)加热到100℃,反应12个小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)纯化。得到0.6g(55%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.48(s,2H),4.96(s,2H),8.05(m,3H),8.85(s,1H)
步骤7:化合物反-8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁烯基)-1H-吡喃并[3,4-B]喹啉-4(3H)-酮的制备
(E)-8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-4(3H)-one
用制备化合物2的同样方法,化合物26(244mg,0.877mmol)和化合物1(150mg,1.05mmol)反应,得到208mg(66%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.29(m,2H),2.58(m,4H),4.48(s,2H),4.96(s,2H),6.28(m,2H),6.92(m,1H),7.06(m,4H),8.05(m,3H),8.91(s,1H)
步骤8:化合物8-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-1H-吡喃并[3,4-B]喹啉-4(3H)-酮的制备
8-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-4(3H)-one
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物27(1.6g)和钯碳(160mg)反应,得到1.5g(94%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.59(m,4H),2.29(m,2H),2.63(m,6H),4.48(s,2H),4.96(s,2H),7.06(m,4H),8.05(m,3H),8.92(s,1H)
实施例9
化合物8-(5-(4-乙基苯基)己基)-1H-苯并[g]异苯并吡喃-4(3H)-酮的制备
8-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4(3H)-one
步骤1:化合物6-bromo-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthoic acid的制备
用制备化合物13的同样方法,使6-溴萘并[2,3-c]呋喃-1(3H)-酮(6g,22.8mmol)和氢氧化锂(1.60g,68.4mmol)反应,得到5.2g(81%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,,CD3Cl)8.52-8.06(m,3H),7.68(s,1H),7.42(d,1H),4.72(s,2H)
步骤2:化合物6-bromo-3-((carboxymethoxy)methyl)-2-naphthoic acid的制备
用制备化合物14的同样方法,化合物30(5.0g,17.8mmol)和溴乙酸(2.46g,17.80mmol)反应得到3.88g(64%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)8.52-8.01(m,3H),7.68(s,1H),7.42(d,1H),4.91(s,2H),4.31(s,2H)
步骤3:化合物8-bromo-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4(3H)-one的制备
用制备化合物15的同样方法,化合物31(4.3g,12.68mmol)与乙酸酐(100mL),得到571mg(16%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDC13)4.63(s,2H),4.70(s,2H),7.52(m,2H),8.16(m,3H)
步骤4:化合物1-ethyl-4-(pent-4-en-1-yl)benzene的制备
用制备化合物1的同样方法,对乙基溴苯(1g,5.4mmol),5-溴-1-戊烯(0.96g,6.5mmol)得到410mg(44%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(t,3H),1.65(m,2H),2.10(dd,2H),2.61(m,2H),4.99(m,2H),5.82(m,1H),7.13(m,4H)
步骤5:化合物
(E)-8-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pent-1-en-1-yl)-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4(3H)-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物32(277mg,1mmol)和化合物33(261mg,1.5mmol)反应,得到128mg(35%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.19(m,4H),2.62(m,4H),4.39(s,2H),4.52(s,2H),6.38(m,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.65(m,3H),7.95(m,2H)
步骤6:化合物8-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-4(3H)-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物34(100mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到90mg(90%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.89(m,6H),2.62(m,4H),4.39(s,2H),4.52(s,2H),7.11(m,4H),7.65(m,3H),7.95(m,2H)
实施例10
化合物(4aR,9aR)-7-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-六氢-1H-咔唑-1-酮的制备
(4aR,9aR)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one
步骤1:化合物2-morpholinocyclohex-2-enone的制备
称取吗啉(8.7g,0.1mol),1,2-环己二酮(11.2g,0.1mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入150mL甲苯,加热回流反应10小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到15g(83%)黄色液体。粗品直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:化合物2-((3-bromophenyl)amino)cyclohex-2-enone的制备
称取化合物36(10.7g,60mmol),间溴苯胺(8.5g,50mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入150mL甲苯,加入对甲苯磺酸(0.86g,5mmol)加热到50℃反应3小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(200mL),用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4)纯化得到9g(68%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ,1.89(m,4H),3.16(t,2H),6.04(m,1H),6.55(m,2H),6.96(m,2H)
步骤3:化合物7-bromo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one的制备
称取化合物37(2.66g,10mmol),[双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘]苯(4.3g,11mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL乙酸酐,室温反应1小时。浓缩反应体系,加入水(100mL),用150mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)纯化得到1.8g(67%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ,1.89(m,2H),2.78(m,4H),7.35(m,2H),7.66(s,1H),10.32(s,1H)
步骤4:化合物7-bromo-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one的制备
称取化合物38(2.64g,10mol),四丁基硼氢化铵(5.15g,20mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入100mL二氯甲烷,加热回流反应10小时。加入水(100mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用150mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到2.3g(87%)无色透明液体,粗品直接用于下步反应。
步骤5:化合物
(E)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物39(277mg,1mmol)和化合物1(261mg,1.5mmol)反应,得到128mg(35%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.03(m,8H),2.62(m,4H),3.31(m,1H),3.37(d,1H),6.38(m,2H),6.58(s,1H),7.05(m,6H)
步骤6:化合物(4aR,9aR)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物40(100mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到90mg白色固体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到20mg(20%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.29(t,3H),1.59(m,4H),2.01(m,6H),2.63(m,6H),3.28(m,1H),3.39(d,1H),6.63(s,1H),7.09(m,6H)
实施例11
化合物(4aR,9bR)-7-(4-(4-乙基苯基)丁基)-1,2,3,9b-四氢二苯并[b,d]噻吩-4(4aH)-酮的制备
(4aR,9bR)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4(4aH)-one
步骤1:化合物3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene的制备
称取苯并噻吩(1.34g,10mmol),N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(1.78g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入20mL四氯化碳,用200w白炽灯泡照射,室温反应2个小时。过滤掉白色固体,浓缩液体。得到1.9g(90%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.26(s,1H),7.51(m,2H),8.02(m,2H)
步骤2:化合物benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbaldehyde的制备
称取化合物42(2.13g,10mmol),加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷,降温到-78℃,慢慢滴加正丁基锂(4mL,10mmol),加毕,再慢慢滴加N,N二甲基甲酰胺5mL。加完后室温反应3个小时。加入水(50mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用150mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.5g(94%)无色透明液体,粗品直接用于下步反应。
步骤3:化合物6-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbaldehyde的制备
称取化合物43(1.62g,10mmol),N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(1.78g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入20mL四氯化碳,用200w白炽灯泡照射,室温反应2个小时。过滤掉白色固体,浓缩液体。得到2.2g(92%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(d,1H),8.02(m,2H),9.14(s,1H),9.73(s,1H)
步骤4:化合物(E)-4-(6-bromobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)but-3-enoicacid的制备
称取2-羧乙基三苯基溴化膦(4.57g,11mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,将反应体系降到零下30℃,加入叔丁醇钾(1.23g,11mmol),反应30分钟后,加入化合物44(2.41g,10mmol),室温下反应3个小时。加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.4g(47%)黄色固体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤5:化合物7-bromodibenzo[bd]thiophen-4(3H)-one的制备
用制备化合物5的同样方法,使化合物45(2.97g,10mmol)和多聚磷酸(30mL)反应,得到1.3g(47%)无色液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.56(d,1H),5.87(m,1H),6.57(d,1H),7.47(d,1H),7.94(d,1H),8.19(s,1H)
步骤6:化合物7-bromo-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4(4aH)-one的制备
用制备化合物39的同样方法,使化合物46(2.97g,10mmol)和四丁基硼氢化铵(5.15g,20mmol)反应,得到2.53g(83%)白色固体。粗品直接用于下步反应。
步骤7:化合物(E)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)but-1-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4(4aH)-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物47(2.83g,0.01mol)与化合物1(2.40g,0.015mol)反应,得到2.2g(61%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.02(m,6H),2.61(m,4H),3.35(m,1H),3.64(d,1H),6.22(m,2H),6.81(s,1H),7.08(m,5H),7.39(s,1H)
步骤8:化合物(4aR,9bR)-7-(4-(4-ethylphenyl)butyl)-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4(4aH)-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物48(130mg)和钯碳(13mg)反应,得到110mg白色固体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到20mg(15%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.59(m,4H),2.02(m,4H),2.62(m,6H),3.35(m,1H),3.64(d,1H),6.78(d,1H),6.81(s,1H),7.08(m,5H),7.36(s,1H)
实施例12
化合物(1S,8R)-8-(5-(4-乙基苯基)戊基)-9-硫杂-3-氮杂二环[4.2.1]壬基-4-酮的制备
(1S,8R)-8-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-9-thia-3-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-4-one
步骤1:化合物(E)-3-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pent-1-en-1-yl)furan的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使3-溴呋喃(1.47g,0.01mol)与化合物33(2.61g,0.015mol)反应,得到1.1g(46%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.46(m,2H),2.01(m,2H),2.63(m,4H),6.35(m,2H),6.80(d,1H),7.05(m,4H),7.25(d,1H),8.15(s,1H)
步骤2:化合物3-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)furan的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物50(100mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到90mg(89%)无色透明液体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤3:化合物6-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one的制备
称取化合物51(2.42g,10mmol),1,1,3,3-四溴丙酮(4.49g,12mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入100mL苯,再加入二壬羰基铁(0.36g,1mmol),铜粉(0.06g,1mmol)加热到60℃反应2.5小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(100mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用150mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)纯化得到0.5g(17%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(m,7H),1.86(m,4H),2.70(m,8H),4.63(m,2H),5.56(d,1H),7.05(m,4H)
步骤4:化合物4-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)cyclohepta-2,6-dienone的制备
称取化合物52(0.8g),加入50mL高压反应釜中,加入10mL氟磺酸溶解,加入钯碳(100mg),通入氢气,高压反应釜温度设定30℃,压力设定1Mpa。反应1个小时后。将体系温度降至室温,过滤钯碳,浓缩滤液,加入水(20mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)纯化。得到0.5g(66%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(m,9H),1.59(m,2H),1.96(m,3H),2.60(m,4H),6.35(m,4H),7.05(m,4H)
步骤5:化合物6-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one的制备
称取化合物53(2.82g,10mmol),硫化钠(3.9g,50mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL苯,加热到80℃反应12小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(100mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用150mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8)纯化得到2.6g(82%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(m,9H),1.59(m,4H),1.86(m,1H),2.62(m,8H),2.97(m,2H),7.06(m,4H)
步骤6:化合物(E)-6-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-oneoxime的制备
用制备化合物4的同样方法,使化合物54(0.8g,2.52mmol)和盐酸羟胺(0.35g,5.05mmol)反应,得到0.75g(90%)黄色固体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤7:化合物(1S,8R)-8-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)-9-thia-3-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-4-one的制备
用制备化合物5的同样方法,使化合物55(0.5g)和多聚磷酸(5mL)反应,得到0.3g(60%)白色固体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到70mg(20%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(m,9H),1.61(m,4H),1.87(m,1H),2.63(m,6H),2.99(m,2H),3.65(m,2H),7.06(m,4H)
1、
实施例13
化合物(R)-2-(5-(7-(4-乙基苯基)辛基)呋喃-2取代)-1-甲基咪唑啉-4-酮的制备
(R)-2-(5-(7-(4-ethylphenyl)heptyl)furan-2-yl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one
步骤1:2-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)imidazolidin-4-one的制备
称取甘氨酰胺盐酸盐(2.2g,20mmol),5-溴呋喃-2-甲醛(1.75g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL甲醇,再加入三乙胺(5mL)加热到60℃反应12小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(50mL)搅拌30分钟淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)纯化得到1.7g(74%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.51(dd,2H),6.05(m,3H)
步骤2:化合物2-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one的制备
称取化合物57(2.3g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL四氢呋喃,冷却到0℃,再分批加入氢化钠(0.4g,10mmol),加完后在0℃搅拌30分钟,再滴加碘甲烷(1.56g,11mmol)到反应体系中,加完后升至室温,反应6小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(50mL)搅拌10分钟淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到2.3g(94%)黄色液体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤3:化合物1-ethyl-4-(hept-6-en-1-yl)benzene的制备
用制备化合物1的同样方法,对乙基溴苯(1g,5.4mmol),7-溴-1-庚烯(1.15g,6.5mmol)得到480mg(44%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(t,3H),1.65(m,8H),2.10(dd,2H),2.61(m,2H),4.99(m,2H),5.82(m,1H),7.13(m,4H)
步骤4:化合物(E)-2-(5-(7-(4-ethylphenyl)hept-1-en-1-yl)furan-2-yl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物58(2.45g,0.01mol)与化合物59(3.03g,0.015mol)反应,得到2.2g(60%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.27(m,7H),1.59(m,2H),2.11(m,5H),2.63(m,4H),3.30(dd,2H),6.55(m,5H),7.05(m,4H)
步骤5:化合物(R)-2-(5-(7-(4-ethylphenyl)heptyl)furan-2-yl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物60(100mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到80mg无色液体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到35mg(34%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.26(m,9H),1.57(m,4H),2.26(s,3H),2.63(m,6H),3.30(dd,2H),6.10(m,2H),6.24(s,1H), 7.05(m,4H)
实施例14
化合物(R)-2-(3-(3-(4-乙基苯基)丙基)苄基)咪唑烷-4-酮的制备
(R)-2-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)imidazolidin-4-one
步骤1:化合物2-(3-bromobenzyl)imidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物58的同样方法,使甘氨酰胺(2.21g,20mmol)和3-溴苯乙醛(1.99g,10mmol)反应,得到1.8g(71%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.98(d,2H),3.45(dd,2H),5.10(t,1H),7.31(m,4H)
步骤2:化合物2-(3-bromobenzyl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物59的同样方法,使化合物62(2.69g,10mmol)和碘甲烷(1.56g,11mmol)反应,得到2.51g(90%)黄色液体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤3:化合物1-allyl-4-ethylbenzene的制备
用制备化合物1的同样方法,对乙基溴苯(1g,5.4mmol),3-溴-1-丙烯(0.79g,6.5mmol)反应得到380mg(48%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.23(t,3H),2.11(dd,2H),2.61(m,2H),4.99(m,2H),5.82(m,1H),7.13(m,4H)
步骤4:化合物(E)-2-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)benzyl)-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物63(2.69g,0.01mol)与化合物64(2.19g,0.015mol)反应,得到1.67g(50%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(t,3H),2.26(s,3H),2.70(m,4H),3.23(m,4H),5.11(t,1H),6.55(m,2H),6.98(d,2H),7.18(m,5H),7.42(m,1H)
步骤5:化合物(R)-2-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)imidazolidin-4-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物65(110mg)和钯碳(11mg)反应,得到80mg无色液体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到25mg(24%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.95(m,2H),2.61(m,6H),3.03(m,2H),3.49(dd,2H),5.13(t,1H),7.05(m,7H),7.57(m,1H)
实施例15
化合物(5S,6R)-5-乙基-6-(5-(5-(4-乙基苯基)戊基)呋喃)哌嗪-2-酮的制备
(5S,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(5-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)furan-2-yl)piperazin-2-one
步骤1:化合物(E)-2-bromo-5-(2-nitrovinyl)furan的制备
称取5-溴-2-呋喃甲醛(17.3g,0.1mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入200mL硝基甲烷加热到80℃反应12小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(100mL)淬灭反应,用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到15g(69%)黄色固体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:化合物N-(1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-2-nitroethyl)-O-methylhydroxylamine的制备
称取化合物67(2.16g,10mmol),甲氧胺盐酸盐(1.0g,12mmol),碳酸氢钠(1.0g,12mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL四氢呋喃,室温下反应12小时。浓缩反应液,加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)纯化得到2.84g(91%)黄色液体。.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38(d,1H),6.36(d,1H,),4.83-4.92(m,2H),4.72(dd,1H),3.48(s,3H,)
步骤3:化合物N-(1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-2-nitrobutyl)-O-methylhydroxylamine的制备
用制备化合物59的同样方法,使化合物68(2.65g,10mmol)和溴乙烷(1.35g,11mmol)反应,得到2.51g(86%)黄色液体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤4:化合物1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)butane-1,2-diamine的制备
称取化合物69(2.93g,10mmol),锌粉(6.5g,100mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL醋酸,加热到55℃反应2.5个小时。过滤锌粉,浓缩反应液,加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)纯化得到1.4g(60%)黄色液体。.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33(d,1H),6.39(d,1H),4.36(d,1H),3.23(dt,1H),1.63(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)
步骤5:化合物6-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-5-ethylpiperazin-2-one的制备
称取化合物70(2.32g,10mmol),氯代乙酸乙酯(1.23g,10mmol),碳酸钾(2.76g,20mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL乙腈,室温反应18个小时。过滤锌粉,浓缩反应液,加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)纯化得到1.2g(44%)黄色液体。.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.39(m,2H),5.33(d,1H),3.62(m,3H),1.48(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)
步骤6:化合物(E)-5-ethyl-6-(5-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pent-1-en-1-yl)furan-2-yl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物71(2.73g,0.01mol)与化合物33(2.61g,0.015mol)反应,得到2.2g(60%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(t,3H),1.27(t,3H),1.46(m,4H),2.18(m,2H),2.63(m,4H),3.30(m,3H),5.33(d,1H),6.55(m,4H),7.05(m,4H)
步骤7:化合物(5S,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(5-(5-(4-ethylphenyl)pentyl)furan-2-yl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物72(90mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到76mg无色液体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到10mg(24%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(t,3H),1.46(m,11H),2.40(t,2H),2.63(m,4H),3.40(m,3H),5.33(d,1H),6.02(d,1H),6.14(d,1H),7.05(m,4H)
实施例16
化合物(R)-6-(3-(3-(4-乙基苯基)丙基)苄基)哌嗪-2-酮的制备
(R)-6-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)piperazin-2-one
步骤1:化合物(E)-1-bromo-3-(3-nitroallyl)benzene的制备
用制备化合物67的同样方法,使间溴苯乙醛(19.9g,0.1mol)和硝基甲烷(200mL)反应,得到15g(63%)黄色固体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:化合物N-(1-(3-bromophenyl)-3-nitropropan-2-yl)-O-methylhydroxylamine的制备
用制备化合物68的同样方法,使化合物74(2.4g,10mol)和甲氧胺盐酸盐(1.0g,12mmol),碳酸氢钠(1.0g,12mmol)反应,得到2.5g(87%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.89(m,3H),3.67(s,3H),4.75(d,2H),7.28(m,3H)
步骤3:化合物3-(3-bromophenyl)propane-1,2-diamine的制备
用制备化合物70的同样方法,使化合物75(2.89g,10mol),锌粉(6.5g,100mmol)反应,得到1.1g(48%)黄色液体。产物无需纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤4:化合物6-(3-bromobenzyl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物70的同样方法,使化合物75(2.29g,10mol),氯代乙酸乙酯(1.23g,10mmol),碳酸钾(2.76g,20mmol),得到1.2g(45%)黄色液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.89(m,4H),3.46(s,3H),4.21(dt,1H),7.28(m,4H)
步骤5:化合物(E)-6-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)benzyl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物77(2.68g,0.01mol)与化合物64(2.17g,0.015mol)反应,得到1.1g(33%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),2.63(m,6H),3.20(d,2H),3.41(s,2H),4.21(dt,1H),6.55(m,2H),6.98(d,2H),7.05(m,5H),7.42(m,1H)
步骤6:化合物(R)-6-(3-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物78(200mg)和钯碳(20mg)反应,得到160mg无色液体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到50mg(25%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.95(t,2H),2.63(m,10H),3.41(s,2H),4.21(dt,1H),7.05(m,7H),7.57(m,1H)
实施例17
化合物(5S,6S)-5-乙基-6-((S)-8-(4-乙基苯基)-2-甲辛基)哌嗪-2-酮的制备
(5S,6S)-5-ethyl-6-((S)-8-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyloctyl)piperazin-2-one
步骤1:化合物methyl2,3-dibromopentanoate的制备
称取反-2-戊酸甲酯(1.14g,10mmol),加入到三口瓶中,加入20mL四氢呋喃,降到0℃,滴加溴素(1.76g,11mmol)室温下反应2小时。加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.68g(61%)黄色液体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:化合物methyl2,3-diaminopentanoate的制备
称取化合物80(1.2g),加入50mL高压反应釜中,加入10mL甲醇溶解,通入氨气,高压反应釜温度设定80℃,压力设定1.5Mpa。反应5个小时后。将体系温度降至室温,浓缩滤液。得到500mg(78%)黄色液体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤3:化合物methyl3-ethyl-6-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylate的制备
称取化合物81(1.46g,10mmol),氯乙酸乙酯(1.35g,11mmol),氢氧化钾(1.12g,20mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL乙醇,室温下反应2小时。加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8)得到1.68g(90%)黄色液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(t,3H),1.48(m,2H),3.39(s,2H),3.68(s,3H),3.87(m,1H),4.65(d,1H)
步骤4:化合物5-ethyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)piperazin-2-one的制备
称取化合物82(1.86g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL甲醇溶解,分批加入硼氢化钠(0.38g,10mmol),室温下反应3个小时。加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.08g(68%)黄色液体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤5:化合物3-ethyl-6-oxopiperazine-2-carbaldehyde的制备
称取化合物83(1.58g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL二氯甲烷溶解,加入戴斯-马丁氧化剂(4.63g,11mmol),室温下反应3个小时。过滤固体,液体加入水(10mL),用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.32g(85%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(t,3H),1.48(m,2H),3.46(m,3H),4.65(d,1H),9.72(s,1H)
步骤6:化合物5-ethyl-6-vinylpiperazin-2-one的制备
称取甲基三苯基溴化膦(3.93g,11mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,将反应体系降到零下30℃,加入叔丁醇钾(1.23g,11mmol),反应30分钟后,加入化合物84(1.56g,10mmol),室温下反应3个小时。加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.18g(76%)黄色固体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤7:化合物1-(6-bromohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene的制备
称取化合物16(1.88g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,加入过氧化苯甲酰(0.24g,1mmol),加入溴化氢二氯甲烷溶液10mL,反应12个小时后。加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.3g(50%)黄色固体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤8:化合物(E)-5-ethyl-6-(8-(4-ethylphenyl)oct-1-en-1-yl)piperazin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物85(1.54g,0.01mol)与化合物86(4.03g,0.015mol)反应,得到1.6g(47%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(t,3H),1.25(m,9H),1.59(m,4H),1.96(m,2H),2.63(m,4H),3.41(m,3H),4.50(m,1H),5.60(m,2H),7.05(m,4H)
步骤9:化合物(5S,6S)-5-ethyl-6-((S)-8-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyloctyl)piperazin-2-one的制备
称取化合物87(3.43g,10mmol),碘化亚酮(1.9g,10mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入100mL四氢呋喃溶解,将体系温度降到-78℃,慢慢滴加甲基溴化镁四氢呋喃溶液(1.1mL,11mmol),升至室温反应24个小时后。加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.3g(50%)黄色固体。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)得到1.78g黄色固体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到78mg(5%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.9(m,6H),1.25(m,11H),1.59(m,7H),2.69(m,4H),3.39(m,3H),3.81(m,1H),7.05(m,4H)
实施例18
化合物(R)-5-(4-(3-(4-乙基苯基)丙基)苄基)噻唑烷-2-酮的制备
(R)-5-(4-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)thiazolidin-2-one
步骤1:化合物S-(cyanomethyl)ethanethioate的制备
称取硫代乙酸(7.6g,0.1mol),三乙胺(10.1g,0.1mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入200mL二氯甲烷溶解,将体系温度降到0℃,慢慢滴加氯乙腈(7.6g,0.1mol)加完后室温反应12个小时后。加入水(200mL)淬灭反应,用200mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到10g(87%)黄色液体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤2:化合物S-(2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-cyanoethyl)ethanethioate的制备
称取化合物89(1.15g,10mmol),叔丁醇钾(1.68g,15mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入30mL乙醇溶解,将体系温度降到0℃,慢慢滴加4-溴苄基碘(2.96g,10mmol)加完后室温反应18个小时后。浓缩反应体系,加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6)得到2g(70%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.30(s,3H),3.53(d,2H),4.19(t,1H),7.18(d,2H),7.92(d,2H)
步骤3:化合物3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-mercaptopropanenitrile的制备
称取化合物90(2.84g,10mmol),碳酸钾(2.78g,20mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL甲醇溶解,60℃反应12个小时后。浓缩反应体系,加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到2.1g(88%)黄色固体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤4:化合物1-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propane-2-thiol的制备
称取化合物91(2.42g,10mmol),加入30mL乙醚溶解,将体系温度降到0℃,慢慢加入四氢锂铝(0.38g,10mmol)加完后室温反应3个小时后。加入水(30mL)淬灭反应,用30mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到2.2g(89%)黄色液体。粗品未经纯化直接用于下步反应。
步骤5:化合物5-(4-bromobenzyl)thiazolidin-2-one的制备
称取化合物92(2.46g,10mmol),N,N-羰基二咪唑(1.94g,12mmol),碳酸钾(2.76g,20mmol)加入到三口瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解,加热至70℃反应18个小时后。浓缩反应体系,加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,然后用水洗有机相,饱和氯化钠洗有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗品经柱层析(流动相:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4)得到1.2g(44%)黄色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.21(d,2H),3.83(m,3H),7.17(d,2H),7.93(d,2H)
步骤6:化合物(E)-5-(4-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)benzyl)thiazolidin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物2的同样方法,使化合物93(2.72g,0.01mol)与化合物64(2.19g,0.015mol)反应,得到2.2g(65%)白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.24(t,3H),2.60(q,2H),3.55(m,7H),6.55(m,4H),6.98(d,2H),7.18(d,2H),7.66(d,2H)
步骤7:化合物(R)-5-(4-(3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl)benzyl)thiazolidin-2-one的制备
用制备化合物3的同样方法,使化合物94(100mg)和钯碳(10mg)反应,得到80mg无色液体。再经手性分析柱纯化,得到30mg(30%)无色透明液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(t,3H),1.95(m,2H),2.61(m,6H),3.55(m,5H),7.05(m,8H)
实施例19
本发明的含羰基环状化合物的血脑屏障穿透能力的检测
通过动物体内实验检测含羰基环状化合物的血脑屏障穿透能力。实验用成年的雄性昆明小鼠。表1中的化合物的配置方法如下:化合物、1,2-丙二醇和聚羟氧基40氢化蓖麻油(Cremophor RH40)按1:15:4的质量比混合,并用磷酸缓冲液(pH7.4)稀释后,配成注射液对小鼠进行尾部静脉注射。每种剂量3个重复。1小时后杀死小鼠,取出脑组织沸水中煮2分钟。根据人类的口服最大剂量按毫克/平方米换算,小鼠的罗格列酮的最大口服剂量不应超过9毫克/公斤。因此在本实施例所有化合物的注射剂量被设定为5毫克/公斤体重,略小于罗格列酮的小鼠最大口服剂量。
(1)对于亲水性化合物(例如罗格列酮),在玻璃组织研磨器中加入水混匀脑组织,加乙腈沉淀去除蛋白质,用750毫克PSA固体萃取小柱去除脑脂肪,并用旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,再用乙腈重悬样品。
(2)对于亲脂性化合物(例如ELB00825、ELB00702),在玻璃组织研磨器中加入氯仿/甲醇混匀脑组织,加氯仿和水并离心,收集下层,用750毫克PSA固体萃取小柱去除脑脂肪,并用旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,再用氯仿重悬样品。
以上样品在0.45微米尼龙膜过滤后,,取20微升样品注射入高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司,型号LC-16P)进行定量分析。流动相A:甲醇/水/乙酸(750:250:4);流动相B:乙腈/甲醇/四氢呋喃/乙酸(500:375:125:4)。对罗格列酮、吡格列酮采用荧光检测仪(岛津公司,型号RF-20AXS)检测,激发光波长247纳米,发射光波长367纳米,用不同浓度的标准溶液的线性回归曲线统计表明,该方法在1到1000nM的溶度范围内和荧光峰面积的线性关系很好(r2=0.99)。对其他化合物采用紫外检测仪(岛津公司,型号SPD-16)检测,吸收光波长254纳米。用不同浓度的标准溶液的线性回归曲线统计表明,该方法在10到1000uM的溶度范围内和紫外峰面积的线性关系很好(r2=0.99)。
检测结果表明,罗格列酮的大脑含量很低(平均0.15uM),仅为激活50%的Klotho基因所需的9.7uM要求的百分之一。因此这种老的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂几乎不能穿透血脑屏障发挥功效。而ELB00825的大脑含量平均高达99uM,是罗格列酮(0.15uM)的660倍,是激活50%的Klotho基因所需的浓度(9.7uM)的10倍,表明本专利新的化合物的血脑屏障穿透能力远超旧的伽马亚型激动剂,并可能在大脑中发挥较高活性。其他化合物的检测结果如表2。
表2
+:表示在5毫克/公斤注射剂量时,化合物的大脑含量是吡格列酮的100-200倍。
++:表示在5毫克/公斤注射剂量时,化合物的大脑含量是吡格列酮的200-400倍。
+++:表示在5毫克/公斤注射剂量时,化合物的大脑含量是吡格列酮的400倍以上。
结果表明,氮原子和氧原子的总和(N+O)和血脑屏障穿透能力明显负相关。吡格列酮和罗格列酮的N+O最大(为5至6),血脑屏障穿透能力最小;ELB00825的N+O最小(为1),血脑屏障穿透能力最大(660倍)。
提示本发明提供的新化合物血脑屏障穿透力都很强,比市面上的现有药物(吡格列酮等)有大幅飞跃。
实施例20
含羰基环状化合物的体外活性的高通量筛选检测方法及其药剂盒或包装物
本发明用Klotho基因检测含羰基环状化合物的体外活性,是将动物细胞在体外培养的环境下,将细胞暴露于待测化合物,高度模拟待测化合物在体内激活Klotho基因,进行新的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂、或其他Klotho基因激活剂的高通量筛选的一种新技术。
首先构建KL-Luc稳转细胞株。该细胞株携带的Klotho基因保留了Klotho基因启动子DNA片段,但将Klotho基因编码区的DNA片段换成萤光素酶。首先进行KL-Luc片段的慢病毒载体构建,即利用BP重组酶将KL-Luc片段克隆到pDONR载体,使得目的片段两侧具有attL重组位点,KL-Luc片段包括Klotho基因的启动子片段(该基因转录起始部位上游的长度为1万8千个碱基对的DNA区域)和萤光素酶的编码片段,在利用LR重组酶将KL-Luc片段从pDONR载体上转移到无外源启动子的慢病毒载体pLenti6/BLOCK-IT-DEST上。然后将构建的目的片段的慢病毒的载体转染到HEK293T细胞上,接着将KL-Luc基因慢病毒表达载体与包装辅助质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,进行慢病毒包装,收获病毒,计算病毒滴度。然后用该慢病毒感染靶细胞,加药筛选稳转株,制备混合稳转株。最后从多克隆细胞中经细胞克隆挑选得到单克隆细胞系,并用定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)确定萤光素酶的有效表达。单克隆细胞系是由一个细胞扩增得到的细胞株,每个细胞的KL-Luc片基因整合位置的表达量均高度一致。发明人选用第三个单克隆细胞系(KL-Luc-3)继续化合物的筛选。
用于筛选的化合物是含羰基环状化合物。在96孔平板上每孔接种80微升5000个KL-Luc-3细胞,在37℃二氧化碳培养箱中的无血清的杜氏改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)中培养6小时,然后加入化合物的终浓度为0,1,3,10,30,100,300,1000,3000,10000 nM。继续培养16小时后,用荧光素酶检测试剂盒和GloMax微孔板型荧光检测仪(美国Promega公司)进行检测。
每孔发出的荧光量和Klotho基因表达量正相关。根据所得数据做半对数曲线,横坐标是浓度的对数值,纵坐标是相对于不加药对照的激活百分率。然后用专业软件计算EC50值,即以正对照(1微摩尔/升的N-(2-氯苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-酰胺)激活的百分率为100%,能引起50%激活百分率的含羰基环状化合物的浓度。统计时,用变异系数(coefficient of variation)衡量实验的健壮性和可重复性。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
检测结果如表3:一些被检测的含羰基环状化合物在一定浓度下都能显著提高Klotho基因的表达量。EC50是其活性的衡量单位,EC50越小,其化合物活性越大。
表3
化合物名称 | 体外活性 | 化合物名称 | 体外活性 |
ELB00825 | +++ | ELB00403 | +++ |
ELB00702 | ++++ | ELB00402 | +++ |
ELB00827 | ++++ | ELB00923 | +++ |
ELB00532 | +++ | ELB00904 | +++ |
ELB00533 | +++ | ELB00915 | ++++ |
ELB00826 | +++ | ELB00410 | +++ |
ELB00836 | +++ | ELB00855 | +++ |
ELB00400 | ++++ | 吡格列酮 | +++ |
ELB00887 | ++ | 罗格列酮 | +++ |
+:表示较低体外活性,化合物的EC50为100微摩尔/升以上。
++:表示中等体外活性,化合物的EC50为10至100微摩尔/升。
+++:表示较高体外活性,化合物的EC50为5至10微摩尔/升。
++++:表示极高体外活性,化合物的EC50为5微摩尔/升以下。
结果表明,本发明的许多化合物,例如ELB00702、ELB00827、ELB00400、ELB00915的EC50远低于老的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂罗格列酮的EC50(9.7微摩尔/升),说明本发明的这些化合物的体外活性远高于老的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂。
实施例21
含羰基环状化合物的脑部体内活性的检测
羰基环状化合物的体内活性用小鼠脑部Klotho基因的mRNA水平表示,其mRNA水平越高,表示化合物的脑部体内活性越高。实验用成年的雄性昆明小鼠。表1中的化合物、1,2-丙二醇和聚羟氧基40氢化蓖麻油(CremophorRH40)按1:15:4的质量比混合,并用磷酸缓冲液(pH7.4)稀释后,配成注射液对小鼠进行尾部静脉注射。注射剂量为0.5或5毫克/公斤体重/天。每种剂量3个重复。注射体积为8毫升/公斤。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为表1中的化合物的空白对照。30天后杀死小鼠,取出脑组织用Trizol法提取总核糖核酸(RNA),然后RNA反转录至cDNA,再用SYBRGreen荧光定量PCR试剂盒(HaiGene公司)和定量PCR仪(Bio-Rad公司Min-Opticon2型)进行实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。小鼠基因的引物设计如下:
KLOTHO-正向5’-TTGCTGGGTTCCCTTTGTGAGGAA-3’;
KLOTHO-反向5’-AACCACTGAGCCAGACTCCAACAT-3’;
GAPDH-正向5’-TTCCGTGTTCCTACCCCCAATG-3’;
GAPDH-反向5’-TGCCTGCTTCACCACCTTCTT-3’。
RT-PCR实验结果均采用基因GAPDH表达量作为内参进行半定量矫正,数据分析采用△△ct法。基因表达半定量数值再以对照组均值进行标准化处理。
羰基环状化合物的激活的Klotho基因在小鼠脑部mRNA水平,及其所反映的羰基环状化合物的脑部体内活性的检测结果见表4。
表4
-:表示无脑部体内活性;化合物激活脑部Klotho基因的mRNA水平,和DMSO所激活的mRNA水平,无显著差异。
*:表示中等脑部体内活性;化合物激活脑部Klotho基因的mRNA水平,为DMSO所激活的水平的130-200%,且差异显著。
**:表示较高体内活性;化合物激活脑部Klotho基因的mRNA水平,为DMSO所激活的水平的200%以上,且差异显著。
结果表明,除ELB00825外,本发明提供的含羰基环状化合物的脑部体内活性都较高,而老的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂在相同的服用剂量下没有脑部体内活性。
结果还表明,体外活性,和血脑屏障穿透力共同决定化合物的脑部体内活性,两者缺一不可。例如:老的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂(例如吡格列酮)缺乏血脑屏障穿透力,而ELB00825缺乏体外活性,导致他们都不具备良好的脑部体内活性。含羰基环状化合物ELB00702、ELB00827、ELB00532、ELB00400、ELB00915,同时具有较高的体外活性,和较强的血脑屏障穿透力,因此他们的脑部体内活性较高。
实施例22
含羰基环状化合物的抗神经紊乱的能力
本发明以老年痴呆症为例,测量老年痴呆症模式小鼠服用该化合物后学习和记忆方面的表现,检测方法如下:
实验用五个月大的雄性APP/PS1转基因小鼠(表达小鼠/人APP的双突变K595N/M596L和人PS1dE9)和同龄非转基因小鼠(来至北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司)。实验分5组,每组12只小鼠,一共给药30天。5组给药情况如下:
(1)空白健康组:非转基因小鼠每天口服空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水)。
(2)空白发病组:APP/PS1转基因小鼠每天口服空白载体。
(3)罗格列酮组:APP/PS1转基因小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)罗格列酮。
(4)ELB00702组:APP/PS1转基因小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。
(5)ELB00855组:APP/PS1转基因小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855)。
给药时,没有发现任何副作用、或明显的体重变化、或明显的饮食变化。
记忆力和痴呆症实验的一种学术界常用的检测指标是水迷宫(参考记忆性)错误次数,错误次数多意味着记忆力不好。在给药最后2天,由未告知试验分组情况的研究者用八臂水迷宫(见图1)进行实验。八臂水迷宫对检测轻度学习记忆能力下降的敏感性比Morris迷宫强,也强于六臂水迷宫,是学习与记忆研究的经典实验仪器。详情参照文献:Alamed,J等.用两天放射臂水迷宫方法研究学习和记忆任务,能够可靠的鉴别转基因小鼠淀粉样蛋白相关的记忆缺陷[J].自然-实验技术(Nature Protocols),2006,1(4):1671-1679。本实验迷宫是本公司依照以上文献自制的。八臂水迷宫放在直径102厘米的水盆中,每臂长30厘米,宽14.5厘米,高40厘米,逃生平台在其中一个臂的末端。整个实验中每只小鼠在不同的臂末端被放入水中,但需要游向的逃生平台的位置是固定不变的。第一天小鼠在3小时内有15次训练,小鼠的逃生平台有时是可见的,有时是不可见的。第二天小鼠也有15次训练,小鼠的逃生平台有时是不可见的。进入一个错误的臂被记录成一个错误。第1至2次训练为第一组,第4至6次训练为第二组,如此类推,一共30次训练可分为10组,计算每组错误次数的平均值,并以组数为横坐标,错误次数的平均值为纵坐标做折线图。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
第二天(参考记忆性)错误次数的检测结果如图2:错误次数显著减少意味着记忆力好,第二天错误次数不显著减少意味着记忆力较差。实验结果表明,与空白发病组相比,空白健康组错误次数减少(图中**表示P<0.01),表明转基因小鼠记忆力差。与空白发病组相比,罗格列酮组小鼠的错误次数减少不显著,表明旧的伽马亚型激动剂没有疗效,可能是因为它难以穿透血脑屏障。与空白发病组相比,ELB00702组和ELB00855组小鼠的错误次数减少显著(图中##表示P<0.01),表明本发明提供的新的化合物有良好的恢复记忆力作用,且在抗痴呆方面的功效独特,强于旧的伽马亚型激动剂。
实施例23
含羰基环状化合物的抗神经紊乱的能力
本发明以帕金森氏病为例,测量帕金森氏病模式小鼠服用该化合物后运动技能的表现,检测方法如下:
注射MPTP-HCl(1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶盐酸盐)是一种学术界常用的建立帕金森氏病模式小鼠的方法。发明人实验用三个月大的雄性野生小鼠。实验分5组,每组12只小鼠,一共给药35天。5组给药情况如下:
(1)空白健康组:小鼠每天腹部注射空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水)。其他几组小鼠每3.5天腹部注射一次25毫克/公斤体重的MPTP-HCl和250毫克/公斤体重的丙磺舒(probenecid)。另外,这几组小鼠同时进行以下处理:
(2)空白发病组:小鼠每天腹部注射空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水);
(3)罗格列酮组:小鼠每天腹部注射(5毫克/公斤体重)罗格列酮;
(4)ELB00855组:小鼠每天腹部注射(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855);
(5)ELB00702组:小鼠每天腹部注射(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。以上几组开始给药后的第36至40天进行运动技能测试。
横梁测试一种学术界常用的帕金森氏病模式动物运动协调性检测方法。测试用的横梁根据以下文献建造:FlemingSM,等.过表达野生型人类α-突触核蛋白的小鼠的早期和渐进感觉运动性异常[J].神经科学杂志,2004,24:9434–9440.小鼠先进行连续2天训练,教会他们爬过横梁。在测试的当天,在横梁上方1厘米处放置1个1厘米见方的网格,小鼠进行5次测试并录像,每次手或脚从网格上落下记为一次错误。计算每前进一步所犯的错误次数(简称“每步错误次数”)。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
每步错误次数的检测结果如图3:次数越多,运动协调性越差。
结果表明,与空白发病组相比,空白健康组错误次数明显较少(图中**表示P<0.01),表明空白健康组运动协调性好,空白发病组运动协调性差。与空白发病组相比,罗格列酮组小鼠的错误次数减少不显著,表明旧的伽马亚型激动剂没有疗效,可能是因为它难以穿透血脑屏障。与空白发病组相比,ELB00702组和ELB00855组小鼠的错误次数减少显著(图中##表示P<0.01),表明本发明提供的化合物有良好的恢复运动协调性作用,且在抗帕金森氏病方面的功效独特,强于旧的伽马亚型激动剂。
实施例24
检测含羰基环状化合物的抗肿瘤和癌症的能力
由于本发明提供的化合物独特的穿越血脑屏障的能力,本发明以脑癌为例,测量该化合物对该病动物模型的影响。
神经胶质瘤(glioma)是脑癌中死亡率最高和最常见的一种。本发明的检测方法如下:实验用雄性野生小鼠(来至北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司)。实验分5组,每组8只小鼠,一共给药30天。5组给药情况如下:
(1)空白健康组:小鼠每天口服空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水)。其他4组需要预先植入肿瘤细胞。先在含有10%(v/v)胎牛血清的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)培养人胶质母细胞瘤细胞(LN-229,来自南京科佰生物科技有限公司)。再用胰蛋白酶消化细胞,并配置10万细胞/微升的悬浮液。然后将小鼠麻醉并置于立体定向框架中。在颅中钻孔,并将细胞注射到脑基底核中。注射2微升肿瘤细胞到3.5毫米的深度。并缝合切口。4天开始对以下4组进行口服治疗。
(2)空白发病组:小鼠每天口服空白载体。
(3)罗格列酮组:每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)罗格列酮。
(4)ELB00702组:每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。
(5)ELB00855组:每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855)。
给药时,没有发现任何副作用、或明显的体重变化、或明显的饮食变化。30天后,处死所有动物。使用低温恒温器以10微米连续切片鼠脑。切片进行H&E染色。使用1X物镜,使用照相机成像,并使用NIHJImage1.62软件(Bethesda,MD,USA)处理图像。测量每个切片的肿瘤面积。然后将该面积乘以截面厚度(10微米)以计算截面体积。所有切片的体积加在一起可得出每个肿瘤的总体积。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
检测结果如图4:与空白发病组相比,罗格列酮组小鼠的肿瘤体积变化不显著,表明旧的伽马亚型激动剂没有疗效,可能是因为它难以穿透血脑屏障。与空白老年组相比,ELB00702组和ELB00855组小鼠的肿瘤体积减少(图中##表示P<0.01),表明本发明提供的新的化合物有良好的抗癌作用,且在抗脑癌的功效独特,强于旧的伽马亚型激动剂。
实施例25
含羰基环状化合物的抗心血管病的能力
本发明以动脉硬化为例,测量小鼠服该化合物后血管的表现,检测方法如下:
实验用雄性野生小鼠。实验分4组,每组12只小鼠,一共给药30天。4组给药情况如下:
(1)空白青年组:4个月大的小鼠每天口服空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水)。
(2)空白老年组:12个月大的小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)空白载体。
(3)给药老年组:12个月大的小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。
(4)给药老年组:12个月大的小鼠每天口服(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855)。
给药时,没有发现任何副作用、或明显的体重变化、或明显的饮食变化。30天后,使用尾巴法测量血压,并测量脉搏波速度(PWV),后者使用小动物无创超声多普勒血流研究系统,采用高频多普勒脉冲探测装置,通过手持式高频超声探头,获取实时血流变化频谱图。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
PWV是一种学术界通用的动脉硬度的测量指标,是指一个血液压力脉冲沿着动脉行进的速度,该速度受血管壁特性影响,管壁越硬,速度越快,PWV值越高。弹性模量和PWV之间的关系可用Moens-Korteweg方程模拟:PWV=[Eh/(2ρr)]^(0.5),其中E是增量弹性模量,h是壁厚,ρ是血液粘度,r是血管半径。因此,较高的PWV值表示较硬的血管。动脉硬化通常是小鼠高血压的病因。
检测结果如图5:与空白青年组相比,空白老年组小鼠的血清中Klotho水平显著下降,PWV显著增加(图中**表示P<0.01),表明老年小鼠klotho蛋白减少,导致动脉僵硬。与空白老年组相比,给药老年组小鼠的血清中Klotho水平显著上升,PWV显著减少(图中##表示P<0.01),表明老年小鼠服用含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702,ELB00855)后,增加了klotho蛋白,软化了原来僵硬的动脉。
实施例26
含羰基环状化合物的抗肾病、炎症、代谢性疾病的能力检测
本发明以高血糖肾病为例,测量大鼠服该化合物后的表现,检测方法如下:
实验用雄性野生Sprague-Dawley大鼠。实验分4组,每组8只小鼠(每只200至450克)。4组给药情况如下:
(1)空白健康组:大鼠每天饲喂空白载体(含0.5%羧甲基纤维素的生理盐水)。其他两组预先进行单次腹膜内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)(65mg/kg),三天后再用葡萄糖分析仪测定血糖以确定高血糖症(500~650mg/dL)。这两组的后续处理是:
(2)空白发病组:大鼠每天饲喂空白载体。
(3)给药发病组:小鼠每天饲喂(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。
(4)给药发病组:小鼠每天饲喂(5毫克/公斤体重)含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855)。
给药时,没有发现任何副作用、或明显的体重变化、或明显的饮食变化。一共给药三个月后,使用尾巴法测量血压,在收获肾脏前一天,将所有动物置于代谢笼中24小时尿液收集并测量尿白蛋白对肌酐的比例。将大鼠禁食12小时,并用10%水合氯醛溶液(0.3克/公斤)在麻醉下处死。分离血清样本,分析生化指标。在自动分析仪(Roche)中通过酶比色测定法测量FBG(空腹血糖)的水平(单位mM),用抗大鼠胰岛素抗体通过ELISA法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平(单位mIU/L)。并用BD公司大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(英语:TNF-α)ELISA试剂盒检测TNF-α。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
肾病的治疗作用:“尿白蛋白对肌酐的比例”是诊断早期肾病的一项敏感而可靠的指标,值越高,表明肾损害越严重。其检测结果如图6A:与空白健康组相比,空白发病组大鼠的尿白蛋白水平显著升高(图中**表示P<0.01),表明高血糖导致的肾损伤。与空白发病组相比,给药发病组大鼠的尿白蛋白水平显著下降(图中##表示P<0.01),表明发病鼠服用含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702,ELB00855)后,有效阻止了高血糖导致的肾损伤。
炎症的治疗作用:肿瘤坏死因子-α是一种典型的可以促进炎症的细胞因子,主要由巨噬细胞分泌,血液中该因子水平越高,表明身体发炎越严重。其检测结果如图6B:与空白健康组相比,空白发病组大鼠的肿瘤坏死因子水平显著升高(图中**表示P<0.01),表明严重发炎。与空白发病组相比,给药发病组大鼠的肿瘤坏死因子水平显著下降(图中##表示P<0.01),表明发病鼠服用含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702,ELB00855)后,有消炎作用。
代谢性疾病的治疗作用:2型糖尿病是一种常见的代谢性疾病,它的一个主要病因是胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素就是打开细胞转运葡萄糖大门的钥匙,可是胰岛素抵抗的情况出现之后,这把钥匙就不太好用了,门打不开,葡萄糖堆在血液里无法进入细胞,最终也会造成持续的高血糖,这就是胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素抵抗指数(ISI)是评估胰岛素抵抗程度的重要指标。参见文献:LiuGW,等.基于人群研究用的新胰岛素敏感性指数[J].中华内科杂志,1993,32(10):656-660.该指数由公式-ln(FBG*FINS)计算。该值越低,胰岛素抵抗越强,糖尿病发病就越严重。其检测结果如图6C:与空白健康组相比,空白发病组大鼠的ISI显著降低(图中**表示P<0.01),表明严重糖尿病。与空白发病组相比,给药发病组大鼠的ISI显著升高(图中##表示P<0.01),表明发病鼠服用含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702,ELB00855)后,胰岛素抵抗减弱,糖尿病情得到明显改善。
实施例27
含羰基环状化合物的抗皮肤病的能力检测
本发明以牛皮癣(学名:银屑病psoriasis)为例,测量该化合物对牛皮癣病细胞模型的影响。
首先检测本发明含羰基环状化合物的皮肤穿透能力。实验采用体外经皮渗透技术测量透皮扩散率。每个实验重复3次。待测化合物稀释于含60%的二乙二醇乙醚(diethylene glycol diethylether)的水溶液中。取2个月大的昆明小鼠断颈处死,去毛并分离腹部皮肤,小心剃除皮下组织和脂肪,用生理盐水洗净,备用。采用改良Franz透皮扩散试验仪(上海玉研科学仪器有限公司),取鼠皮固定于扩散池中间,使角质层面向供给池,供给池中加入300微升的供试液,接受池中加入同样体积的接收液。池内循环水为37±0.5℃,恒速磁力搅拌。加样平衡15开始分钟后计时,分别于8、16、24小时取样,每次取样后补充同量的60%的二乙二醇乙醚的水溶液。样品用高效液相色谱法测定其成分含量。透皮扩散率通常用皮肤穿透系数(Kp)表示,单位是厘米/秒。在稳定状态下,通过皮肤渗透的药物量的累计值对时间进行直线回归,可确定Kp值。Kp值越大,皮肤穿透力越强。结果如表5。
表5
-:表示较低的透皮扩散率,化合物的皮肤穿透系数小于吡格列酮的皮肤穿透系数。
+:表示中等的透皮扩散率,化合物的皮肤穿透系数是吡格列酮的1至10倍。
++:表示较高的透皮扩散率,化合物的皮肤穿透系数是吡格列酮的10至25倍。
+++:表示最高的透皮扩散率,化合物的皮肤穿透系数是吡格列酮的25倍以上。
和旧的PPAR伽马亚型激动剂吡格列酮相比,含羰基环状化合物的ELB00702和ELB00855的皮肤穿透系数约增加至其5倍左右,而化合物ELB00532、ELB00836和ELB00887则增加了25倍以上,提示本发明中的一些新化合物皮肤穿透力,比市面上的旧伽马亚型激动剂(吡格列酮等)有大幅提高。
银屑病是慢性炎症性皮肤病。它属于多基因遗传的疾病,可由多种激发因素,如创伤、感染、药物等都可能在易感个体中诱发该病。典型的皮肤表现是境界清楚的具有银白色鳞屑的红色斑块。其病生理机制主要为免疫系统的激活导致表皮增生分化的异常。人体主要的表皮细胞是角质形成细胞(keratinocyte)。因此角质形成细胞常常被用来作为研究该病的细胞模型。
本发明提供的化合物对银屑病治疗作用的检测方法如下:将大鼠角质形成细胞维持在角质形成细胞生长培养基(promocell公司)中,该培养基包含钙(0.15mM)、人重组表皮生长因子(0.1ng/ml)、胰岛素(2.5mg/ml)和2%(v/v)垂体提取物。将细胞以2万个细胞/孔铺在24孔平皿中,并在贴壁后24小时后,实验分4组,四个重复。4组给药情况如下:
(1)空白处理组:细胞加入加入空白载体(DMSO)。
(2)罗格列酮组:细胞加入加入1uM罗格列酮。
(3)ELB00702组:细胞加入加入1uM含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702)。
(4)ELB00855组:细胞加入加入1uM含羰基环状化合物(ELB00855)。
将所有组的角质形成细胞温育6天,在第3天更换一次培养基。使用CCK-8细胞增殖及细胞毒性检测试剂盒(日本同仁化学研究所)测定相对细胞数。用方差分析(ANOVA)和Dunnett事后比较检验比较不同组数据的差异显著性,其所得到的P值,以P<0.05为显著。
检测结果如图7:与空白处理组相比,罗格列酮组可以抑制约37%的角质形成细胞的增殖,表明罗格列酮可以作为药物有效性的正对照。与罗格列酮组相比,含羰基环状化合物组抑制角质形成细胞增殖的效果更显著(图中##表示P<0.01),表明含羰基环状化合物(ELB00702,ELB00855)具有较强抗牛皮癣的能力。
去除含羰基环状化合物后,角质形成细胞恢复增殖能力,表明含羰基环状化合物的使用是安全无毒的。
此处描述的实施例只用于说明(作为例证),技术人员所做的各种修改或变更也应包括在专利申请的实质和范围内以及附加权利要求范畴之内。
Claims (11)
2.一种药物组合物或化妆用组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含权利要求1所述的化合物和药学上或化妆品可接受的赋形剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,是组合物的形式为水性分散剂、液体、啫哩、膏剂、糖浆、药浆、悬浮液、气雾剂、控释剂、速溶剂、泡腾剂、冻干剂、片剂、粉末、药丸、胶囊、延迟释放剂、延长释放剂、脉冲控释剂、多微粒剂、或立即释放剂。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的化合物用于制备治疗或防治过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)受体活性依赖的疾病的药物和/或皮肤用组合物的方法。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病选自神经紊乱、老年相关眼病、炎症或免疫系统疾病、代谢性疾病、皮肤病、心血管疾病、肾病、肿瘤或癌。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述神经紊乱选自于中风或头部创伤所致并发症;所述老年相关眼病包括黄斑变性、白内障、青光眼和糖尿病视网膜病变;所述炎症或免疫系统疾病包括狼疮、关节炎症、皮肤炎症、肠道炎症、I型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、重症肌无力、血管炎、哮喘、特应性疾病、和移植/移植物排斥及移植物对宿主疾病;所述代谢性疾病包括糖尿病、血脂异常、动脉硬化、肥胖、和非酒精性脂肪肝疾病;所述皮肤病包括涉及分化和增殖的角质化障碍有关的皮肤病、与炎性免疫变应性组分有关并且伴随或不伴随细胞增殖紊乱的皮肤病、所有的真皮或表皮增殖、免疫性皮肤病、与免疫有关的皮肤病或全身性疾病、由紫外线照射引起的皮肤病、与年龄性老化或光致老化相关的疾病、皮脂功能紊乱、瘢痕形成疾病、色素沉着疾病和各种原因的脱发;所述心血管病包括高血压、充血性心力衰竭、导致心律不齐的综合征、血栓栓塞病、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄(restensosis)、外周动脉病、冠脉分流搭桥术(bypass grafting surgery)、颈动脉病、动脉炎、心肌炎、心血管炎、血管炎、冠心病(CHD)、不稳定性心绞痛(UA)、不稳定性顽固性心绞痛、稳定性心绞痛(SA)、慢性稳定性心绞痛、急性冠脉综合征(ACS)、心肌梗塞、冠状动脉病、局部缺血性心脏病、心肌缺血、局部缺血、局部缺血性猝死、一过性局部缺血发作、中风、周围闭塞性动脉病、静脉血栓形成、深静脉血栓形成、血栓静脉炎、手术或手术并发症、长时间固定术、动脉纤颤、先天性血栓形成倾向、癌症、糖尿病、药物或激素作用和怀孕并发症引起的血栓形成和心律不齐;所述肾病包括急性肾脏损伤、慢性肾病,慢性肾小球肾炎、膜性肾炎、增生性肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、糖尿病性肾病、高血压肾病、紫癜性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、IgA肾病、肾小球硬化症、肾变病综合征、肾缺血和尿毒症;所述肿瘤、癌或腺癌包括肺癌、肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、食管癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、淋巴癌、脑癌、白血病、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤。
7.如权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述心肌梗塞包括首次或复发性心肌梗塞、急性心肌梗塞(AMI)、非Q波心肌梗塞或非-STE心肌梗塞。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述首次或复发性心肌梗塞、急性心肌梗塞(AMI)、心肌梗塞、非Q波心肌梗塞或非-STE心肌梗塞包括动脉栓塞、冠状动脉血栓形成、脑动脉血栓形成、脑栓塞、肾栓塞、肺栓塞和血栓形成。
9.如权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述肠癌为结肠癌;所述脑癌包括垂体癌、胶质细胞瘤和脑转移瘤。
10.一种药盒,其特征在于,所述药盒中包括如权利要求1所述的化合物和KL-Luc稳转细胞株或瞬时转染用的KL-Luc质粒。
11.一种过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(Peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor,PPAR)伽马亚型(gamma)激动剂活性的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括使用如权利要求10所述的药盒。
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