CN108172958B - Periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguide - Google Patents
Periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN108172958B CN108172958B CN201711408358.8A CN201711408358A CN108172958B CN 108172958 B CN108172958 B CN 108172958B CN 201711408358 A CN201711408358 A CN 201711408358A CN 108172958 B CN108172958 B CN 108172958B
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- transmission line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/003—Coplanar lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
- H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于共面波导的周期性慢波传输线单元，属于微波技术领域。包含介质基板(5)，介质基板(5)的一个表面上设置有金属微带，金属微带包含中心导带(1)，短传输线(2)，折叠传输线(3)和金属地(4)；中心导带(1)通过短传输线(2)连接至折叠传输线(3)，金属地(4)为不规则形状，金属地(4)与中心导带(1)相互隔离，且金属地(4)向中心导带(1)方向突出的各个支节平行于各个支节对应的折叠传输线(3)，各个支节与折叠传输线(3)之间的间隔距离相等。通过本发明的传输线单元替代传统共面波导传输线，实现了在传输线性能不变的情况下尺寸大幅度减小的目的。
The invention relates to a periodic slow-wave transmission line unit based on a coplanar waveguide, and belongs to the technical field of microwaves. comprising a dielectric substrate (5), one surface of the dielectric substrate (5) is provided with a metal microstrip, and the metal microstrip comprises a central conduction band (1), a short transmission line (2), a folded transmission line (3) and a metal ground (4) ; The center conduction band (1) is connected to the folded transmission line (3) through a short transmission line (2), the metal ground (4) is irregular in shape, the metal ground (4) and the center conduction band (1) are isolated from each other, and the metal ground ( 4) Each branch protruding in the direction of the central guide belt (1) is parallel to the folding transmission line (3) corresponding to each branch, and the distance between each branch and the folding transmission line (3) is equal. By replacing the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line with the transmission line unit of the present invention, the purpose of greatly reducing the size of the transmission line under the condition that the performance of the transmission line remains unchanged is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and relates to a periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguides.
Background
Transmission lines have a wide range of applications in the field of radio frequency microwave circuits, not only as a medium for electromagnetic power transmission, but also as a basic component constituting a microwave radio frequency device.
The coplanar waveguide circuit has the advantages that the central conduction band and the ground plane are on the same plane, and the coplanar waveguide circuit is a single-plane transmission line, so that the process that the microstrip line needs to be plated with metal on the back of the dielectric layer is avoided. Therefore, the coplanar waveguide circuit is adopted to replace the original microstrip circuit, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The coplanar waveguide circuit has the advantages that short circuit can be easily realized at the tail end without via holes, the integration with an active device and a lumped parameter element is easy, a compact balanced circuit can be easily realized, the integration level of an integrated circuit is improved, and the like. However, with the development of miniaturization and integration of radio frequency communication circuits, conventional radio frequency microwave devices, such as power splitters and couplers, are limited by quarter-wavelength transmission lines in their structures, and often have larger sizes, which is a defect that the defect is particularly significant when the operating wavelength of the low frequency band is longer, and is not favorable for miniaturization of radio frequency communication systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a periodic slow-wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguides, which replaces the conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, and solves the problem of the prior art that the transmission line size is too large, so as to achieve the reduction of the microwave device size and the performance of the microwave device is basically unchanged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguide comprises a dielectric substrate 5, wherein a metal microstrip is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate 5 and comprises a central conduction band 1, a short transmission line 2, a folding transmission line 3 and a metal ground 4;
the central conduction band 1 is connected to the folding transmission line 3 through the short transmission line 2, the metal ground 4 is irregular, the metal ground 4 and the central conduction band 1 are isolated from each other, each branch section of the metal ground 4 protruding towards the central conduction band 1 is parallel to the folding transmission line 3 corresponding to each branch section, and the interval distance between each branch section and the folding transmission line 3 is equal.
Further, the number of the short transmission lines 2 is 2, the number of the folded transmission lines 3 is 2, and the number of the metal grounds 4 is 2.
Further, the two short transmission lines 2, the two folded transmission lines 3 and the two metal grounds 4 are mirror-symmetric with respect to the central conduction band 1, and the central conduction band 1, the two folded transmission lines 3 and the two metal grounds 4 are mirror-symmetric with respect to a connection line of the two short transmission lines 2.
Further, the equivalent characteristic impedance of the transmission line unit is:
wherein，LtIs an equivalent series inductance of a transmission line element, CtIs the equivalent earth parallel capacitance of the transmission line unit;
the phase propagation constant of the transmission line element is:
where ω is the operating angular frequency.
Further, the medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, the characteristic impedance and the electrical length of the transmission line unit are changed by changing the width of the central conduction band 1, the distance between the central conduction band 1 and the metal ground 4, the length and the width of the two short transmission lines 2, the length and the width of the two folded transmission lines 3 or the distance between the two folded transmission lines 3 and the metal ground 4.
Further, a slow wave transmission line with the electric length being integral multiple of the electric length of a single transmission line unit is obtained through cascading a plurality of transmission line units.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the transmission line unit of the invention replaces the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line with the periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on the coplanar waveguide, thereby realizing the great size reduction under the condition of unchanged transmission line performance.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission line unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dimensional drawing of a sample embodiment of a transmission line element of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sample size plot of the characteristic impedance of a conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line at 50 ohms and an electrical length of 22.5 degrees;
FIG. 4 is a graph of characteristic impedance and phase for a sample embodiment of a transmission line element of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a sample embodiment of a transmission line element of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sample structure of a 2-element cascade of transmission line elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph of simulated characteristic impedance and phase for a sample of a specific embodiment of a 2-element cascade of transmission line elements of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a sample embodiment of a 2-element cascade of transmission line elements of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a sample structure of a specific embodiment of a 4-element cascade of transmission line elements of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph of simulated characteristic impedance and phase for a sample embodiment of a 4 element cascade of transmission line elements of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a sample embodiment of a 4-element cascade of transmission line elements of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguide, which comprises a dielectric substrate 5, wherein a metal microstrip is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, as shown in figure 1. The metal microstrip part comprises a central conduction band 1, two short transmission lines 2, two folding transmission lines 3 and two metal grounds 4.
The two metal grounds 4 are isolated from the central conduction band 1. The two metal grounds 4 are irregular, the branches of the floor protruding towards the direction of the central conduction band 1 are parallel to the folding transmission lines 3, and the branches and the folding transmission lines 3 are spaced at equal intervals. The central conduction band 1 is respectively connected with two sections of folding transmission lines 3 through two sections of short transmission lines 2. Two short transmission lines 2, two folded transmission lines 3, and two metal grounds 4 are mirror symmetric about a central conduction band 1. The central conduction band 1, the two sections of the folded transmission lines 3 and the two metal grounds 4 are mirror images about the connecting line of the two sections of the short transmission lines 2.
The equivalent characteristic impedance of each transmission line unit is calculated by the formula
Each transmission line element has a phase propagation constant of
Where ω is the operating angular frequency, Lt，CtRespectively, an equivalent series inductance and an equivalent parallel capacitance to ground of each transmission line element. The width of the central conduction band 1 is smaller than that of the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line, and the equivalent series inductance of the unit is increased. And two sections of folded transmission lines 3 are respectively positioned between the central conduction band 1 and the metal ground 4, so that the equivalent parallel capacitance to the ground of the unit is increased. In order to increase the equivalent parallel-to-ground capacitance as much as possible, the metal ground 4 is designed in an irregular pattern to couple with the two segments of the folded transmission line 3 as much as possible to increase the equivalent parallel-to-ground capacitance.
With the same electrical length, a larger equivalent series inductance L can be obtained due to the periodic slow-wave transmission line unit per unit length as compared with the conventional coplanar waveguide transmission linetAnd an equivalent parallel capacitor C to groundtAnd thus the phase propagation constant is larger, each periodic slow wave transmission line element can be obtained in a smaller physical size, thereby reducing the overall circuit size.
The characteristic impedance and the electrical length of the periodic slow-wave transmission line unit can be changed by changing the width of the central conduction band 1, the distance between the central conduction band 1 and the metal ground 4, the length and the width of the two short transmission lines 2, the length and the width of the two folding transmission lines 3 and the distance between the two folding transmission lines 3 and the metal ground 4.
Specific dimensional designations for samples of embodiments of the transmission line element of the present invention are shown in fig. 2. The sample of the embodiment is a coplanar waveguide based periodic slow wave transmission line unit with an operating frequency f of 0.9 GHz. The dielectric ceramic is manufactured on a domestic polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric substrate, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.65, and the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm. The circuit size is 10.9mm by 5.8mm, i.e. 4.1% lambdag×2.2％λg，λgThe guided wave wavelength at 0.9GHz on the dielectric substrate is shown.
In contrast, a sample structure size of a conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line having a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and an electrical length of 22.5 degrees is shown in fig. 3. Under the condition that the same dielectric substrate is adopted, the operation is carried out at the same central frequency and the distance between the central transmission line and the metal ground is the same as that of an embodiment sample, the circuit size of the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line is 10.9mm multiplied by 16.7mm, namely 4.1 percent lambdag×6.3％λg，λgThe guided wave wavelength at 0.9GHz on the dielectric substrate is shown. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention samples the size of the periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on the coplanar waveguide can be reduced by about 65.3%.
Simulation is carried out by using simulation software IE3D, and characteristic impedance and phase curves obtained by simulation of a sample of the embodiment of the coplanar waveguide-based periodic slow wave transmission line unit are shown in FIG. 4. At 0.9GHz, the real part of the characteristic impedance is 49.97 ohms, the imaginary part is-0.17 ohms, and the phase delay is-22.50 degrees, i.e. the transmission line element has an electrical length of 22.50 degrees.
The S parameter curve diagram obtained by simulation of the transmission line unit embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5. In the figure, | S11I represents the module value of the 1 port reflection coefficient, and S21And | represents the modulus of the transmission coefficient of the periodic slow-wave transmission line unit. In the embodiment of the invention, the periodic slow-wave transmission line unit based on the coplanar waveguide has the I S within the bandwidth range of 0GHz-4.29GHz11And if the l is less than-10 dB, the impedance matching condition of the transmission line unit port is proved to be good. I S21And if the l is larger than-0.5 dB, the characteristic of low loss of the transmission line unit is proved. The relative bandwidth of the sample in the embodiment of the invention reaches 476.7 percent.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, 2 transmission line units are cascaded to realize a transmission line function with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and an electrical length of 45 degrees.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 2-element cascade of the periodic slow-wave transmission line elements based on coplanar waveguides according to the present invention. Fig. 7 is a graph of simulated characteristic impedance and phase for a 2-cell cascade. At 0.9GHz, the real part of the characteristic impedance is 49.96 ohms, the imaginary part is-0.15 ohms, and the phase delay is-44.96 degrees, namely, the electrical length of the structure formed by cascading 2 units is 44.96 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a two-cell cascade. In the bandwidth range of 0GHz-4.16GHz, | S11And | is less than-10 dB. Since 2 cells are cascaded, there are two resonant frequencies in the bandwidth range, 0.9GHz and 3.35GHz, respectively. At 0.9GHz, | S11I is-53.09 dB, | S21And | is-0.02 dB.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, 4 transmission line units are cascaded to realize a transmission line function with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and an electrical length of 90 degrees.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of 4-cell cascade. Fig. 10 is a graph of simulated characteristic impedance and phase for a 4-cell cascade. At 0.9GHz, the real part of the characteristic impedance is 50.09 Ω, the imaginary part is-0.13 Ω, and the phase delay is-90.01 °, i.e. the electrical length of the structure formed by cascading 4 units is 90.01 °. The structure of cascading 4 units can be well equivalent to a quarter-wavelength transmission line with the characteristic impedance of 50 omega.
Fig. 11 is a graph of simulated S-parameters for a 4-cell cascade. At | S11And when the | is less than-10 dB, the bandwidth range is 0GHz-4.35 GHz. Because the 4 units are cascaded, four resonant frequencies are arranged in the bandwidth range, namely 1.0GHz, 1.76GHz, 3.24GHz and 4.16GHz respectively. At 0.9GHz, | S11I is-50.11 dB, | S21And | is-0.04 dB. It can be seen that as the number of cascaded units increases, the insertion loss increases.
The analysis in combination with the attached drawings shows that the periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on the coplanar waveguide and the embodiment sample of the multi-unit cascade connection achieve good performance similar to the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line while the size is reduced by 65.3% compared with the traditional coplanar waveguide transmission line.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A periodic slow wave transmission line unit based on coplanar waveguide is characterized in that: the metal microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (5), wherein a metal microstrip is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate (5), and comprises a central conduction band (1), a short transmission line (2), a folding transmission line (3) and a metal ground (4);
the central conduction band (1) is connected to the folded transmission line (3) through the short transmission line (2), the metal ground (4) is irregular, the metal ground (4) and the central conduction band (1) are isolated from each other, each branch node of the metal ground (4) protruding towards the direction of the central conduction band (1) is parallel to the folded transmission line (3) corresponding to each branch node, and the spacing distance between each branch node and the folded transmission line (3) is equal;
the number of the short transmission lines (2) is 2, the number of the folding transmission lines (3) is 2, and the number of the metal grounds (4) is 2;
the two short transmission lines (2), the two folding transmission lines (3) and the two metal grounds (4) are mirror-symmetric about the central conduction band (1), and the central conduction band (1), the two folding transmission lines (3) and the two metal grounds (4) are mirror-symmetric about a connecting line of the two short transmission lines (2).
2. The coplanar waveguide based periodic slow wave transmission line unit of claim 1, wherein: the equivalent characteristic impedance of the transmission line unit is as follows:
wherein L istIs an equivalent series inductance of a transmission line element, CtIs the equivalent earth parallel capacitance of the transmission line unit; the phase propagation constant of the transmission line element is:
where ω is the operating angular frequency.
3. The coplanar waveguide based periodic slow wave transmission line unit of claim 1, wherein: the medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
4. The coplanar waveguide based periodic slow wave transmission line unit of claim 1, wherein: the characteristic impedance and the electrical length of the transmission line unit are changed by changing the width of the central conduction band (1), the distance between the central conduction band (1) and a metal ground (4), the length and the width of the two short transmission lines (2), the length and the width of the two folded transmission lines (3) or the distance between the two folded transmission lines (3) and the metal ground (4).
5. The coplanar waveguide based periodic slow wave transmission line unit of claim 1, wherein: and a slow-wave transmission line with the electrical length being integral multiple of the electrical length of a single transmission line unit is obtained by cascading a plurality of transmission line units.
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| CN111224204B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-06-15 | 东南大学 | Multilayer slow wave transmission line |
| CN113093606B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-04-22 | 深圳市一九智能电子科技有限公司 | Equipment control circuit |
| CN113285188B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-01-28 | 重庆邮电大学 | Passband Reconfigurable Coplanar Waveguide Bandpass Filter |
| CN114361794B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2025-06-10 | 广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司 | Phase shifter, integrated feeding network and base station antenna |
| CN114389043B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-11-10 | 广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司 | Slow wave structure, microstrip transmission line, integrated feed network and base station antenna |
| CN114759330B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-04-11 | 北京邮电大学 | Novel mode conversion transmission line |
| CN114759331B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-14 | 北京邮电大学 | Low-loss broadband transmission line and transmission structure |
| CN114823252B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-07-14 | 电子科技大学 | A bidirectional multi-injection traveling wave cascade amplifier based on cold cathode |
| CN115358405A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-18 | 阿里巴巴达摩院(杭州)科技有限公司 | Resonant cavity adjusting method and device and computer readable storage medium |
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| JP2001352204A (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-21 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Circuit element using transmission line, electronic circuit using the same element and line, and electronic device using the same |
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