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CN108178529B - 一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108178529B
CN108178529B CN201810072865.7A CN201810072865A CN108178529B CN 108178529 B CN108178529 B CN 108178529B CN 201810072865 A CN201810072865 A CN 201810072865A CN 108178529 B CN108178529 B CN 108178529B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass
glass plate
mold
manufacturing
curved
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201810072865.7A
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English (en)
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CN108178529A (zh
Inventor
林金汉
俞立明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHANGZHOU ALMADEN STOCK Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CHANGZHOU ALMADEN STOCK Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHANGZHOU ALMADEN STOCK Co Ltd filed Critical CHANGZHOU ALMADEN STOCK Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810072865.7A priority Critical patent/CN108178529B/zh
Priority to JP2020540725A priority patent/JP2022501293A/ja
Priority to US16/965,006 priority patent/US20210107257A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/081597 priority patent/WO2019144500A1/zh
Priority to EP18902890.5A priority patent/EP3736127B1/en
Publication of CN108178529A publication Critical patent/CN108178529A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108178529B publication Critical patent/CN108178529B/zh
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
    • B32B17/10834—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
    • B32B17/10844—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid
    • B32B17/10853—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid the membrane being bag-shaped
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    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
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    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：(1)提供厚度为0.1至2.2mm的平板状的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；(2)将所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板进行表面预置内压处理，处理后的所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板为平板状，且所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的表面应力在10‑1000MPa；(3)低温成型处理，提供所述胶层，将经步骤(2)处理后的第一玻璃板、所述胶层、和经步骤(2)处理后的第二玻璃板依次层叠后，进行低温加压成型以获得所述夹层曲面玻璃。利用本发明方法无需使用高温让玻璃达到软化的状态下实现玻璃弯曲，本发明用冷弯方法制造的夹层曲面玻璃强度高、无气泡、胶合强度好，能耗低，加工效率高。

Description

一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，特别的，涉及一种夹层双曲面玻璃制品与其制造方法。
背景技术
玻璃的透光性和优异的物理化学稳定性决定了它在建筑，车辆和新能源等领域不可替代的重要地位。钢化与夹胶是增加玻璃的安全性(比如抗风压，防坠落，防弹等)的常用玻璃加工技术。在某些特殊情况下，为了达成特殊的设计目的，双曲面的钢化与夹胶玻璃制品，比如汽车的挡风玻璃，是必不可少的。现有技术，如公开号为CN105960384A的专利，通常都先将普通平板玻璃加热到玻璃软化温度，先通过重力成型或加压成型来获取曲面玻璃，然后再将曲面玻璃和夹胶膜进行层叠，加热至中间夹胶膜能够软化的温度进行胶合，从而获得夹层曲面玻璃。
由于上述玻璃的成型是在玻璃软化温度的条件下进行，需要将玻璃加热到700度左右，整个工序时间长，能耗高。同时，在玻璃的胶合过程中，由于加压装置和玻璃表面是点接触，容易导致夹层曲面玻璃表面受力不均，进而导致夹层曲面玻璃整体力学性能不均、胶合强度不均、区域光畸变等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：为了克服现有技术中存在的上述问题，现提供一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法。
一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，所述夹层曲面玻璃其包括第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板、及设置于所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板之间的胶层，所述第一玻璃板或第二玻璃板的厚度为0.1至2.2mm，所述夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)提供厚度为0.1至2.2mm的平板状的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；
(2)将所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板进行表面预置内压处理，处理后的所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板为平板状，且所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的表面应力在10-1000MPa；
(3)低温成型处理，提供所述胶层，将经步骤(2)处理后的第一玻璃板、所述胶层、和经步骤(2)处理后的第二玻璃板依次层叠后，进行低温加压成型以获得所述夹层曲面玻璃。
进一步地，经所述步骤(2)处理后所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的表面应力在20-900MPa，且所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的平整度小于5‰。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)是在真空条件下进行，真空度≤50Pa。
进一步地，所述夹层曲面玻璃为双曲面玻璃。
进一步地，所述低温成型处理是在冷压设备中进行，所述冷压设备包括用于将所述第一玻璃板成型至曲面形状的第一模具和用于将所述第二玻璃板成型至曲面形状的第二模具，所述第一模具或第二模具的加热温度为80℃到380℃。
进一步地，所述第一模具和所述第二模具至少之一对所述第一玻璃板或第二玻璃板进行加热。
进一步地，通过所述第一模具对所述第一玻璃板加压使得所述第一玻璃板与所述第一模具的凹面贴合，通过所述第二模具对所述第二玻璃板加压使得所述第二玻璃板与所述第二模具的凸面贴合。
进一步地，所述第一模具对所述第一玻璃板或所述第二模具对所述第二玻璃板施加的压力为10-100kPa。
进一步地，所述夹层曲面玻璃的最大弯曲深度为180mm。
进一步地，所述胶层的材料由PVB、SGP、POE或PO等热熔夹胶材料制成。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，通过第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板进行强化处理，然后在低压、低温条件下对所述第一玻璃板和预制件或所述第二玻璃板进行加压成型获得夹层曲面玻璃，具有强度高、无气泡、胶合强度好，能耗低，加工效率高的优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明的夹层曲面玻璃的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示夹层曲面玻璃沿A-A线的剖视图；
图3是图1所示夹层曲面玻璃的加压成型过程示意图。
图中：10、夹层曲面玻璃，11、第一玻璃板，12、第二玻璃板、预制件、大巴车顶预制件，13、胶层，20、冷压设备，21、第一模具，22、第二模具。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作详细的说明。此图为简化的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。
请参阅图1和图2，本发明提供了一种夹层曲面玻璃10，夹层曲面玻璃10包括第一玻璃板11、第二玻璃板12以及设置在第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12之间的胶层13，其中，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的厚度为0.1～2.2mm。
第一玻璃板11或第二玻璃板12可以采用浮法玻璃，优选地，第一玻璃板11或第二玻璃板12为1.6mm浮法玻璃,所述超白浮法玻璃含有70.0-73％的SiO2和12.0-15.0％的Na2O。
所述胶层材料为PVB(Poly Vinyl Butyral,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、SGP(Ethylen/Methacrylic Acid Copolymers，乙烯与甲基丙烯酸的共聚物)、POE(聚烯烃弹性体)或PO(聚烯烃)等其他热熔夹胶材料。
请同时参阅图3，图1所示的夹层曲面玻璃10的制造过程为：包括以下步骤：
(1)提供厚度为0.1至2.2mm的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，本实施方式中采用平板强化处理，而且能够最大程度地减少因玻璃与传动装置或加热装置接触造成的损伤或加热不均给玻璃性能带来的影响。对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12是在平板状态下进行强化处理，处理后第一玻璃板11或第二玻璃板12仍然为平板装，第一玻璃板11或第二玻璃板12的表面应力控制在10-1000MPa范围内，且第一玻璃板11或第二玻璃板12的平整度小于5‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。在真空压力条件下，加热第一模具21或第二模具22至80℃至380℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22分别对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行加压，压力为10KPa-100KPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持600s至2400s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。
可以理解，上述步骤(1)还可以包括将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理。
可以理解，第一模具21和第二模具22可以同时加热，也可以单独加热，以使得胶层13能够达到软化即可。
上述步骤(2)的强化处理可以为物理强化，即通过加热第一玻璃板11及第二玻璃板12至玻璃化温度，并保持一段时间，然后进行冷却。可以理解，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的强化也可以采用化学强化，化学强化处理可以采用高温型离子交换法或低温离子交换法。比如，高温型离子交换法，在玻璃的软化点与转变点之间的温度区域内，把含Na2O的玻璃侵入锂的熔盐中，使玻璃中的Na+与它们半径小的熔盐中的Li+相交换，然后冷却至室温，由于含Li+的玻璃表层与含Na+或K+的玻璃内层膨胀系数不同，玻璃表面产生残余压力而强化，增加玻璃的强度。
如采用低温型离子交换法，在不高于玻璃转变点的温度区域内，将玻璃侵在含有比玻璃中碱离子半径大的碱离子熔盐中。例如；用K+置换Na+，然后冷却。由于碱离子的体积差造成表面压应力层，提高了玻璃的强度。虽然比高温型交换速度慢，但由于钢化中玻璃不变形而具有实用价值。
本实施方式中采用低温型离子交换法。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12升温1h至3h，升温至300℃至450℃，加热至所需温度后将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12放置于硝酸钾或硝酸钾和硝酸钠混合溶液中，溶液温度为400℃至450℃，然后保持_240min至600min，冷却至5℃至50℃。
上述熔盐溶液的成分可以根据玻璃的成分需要进行对应调整。
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为75MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空540s，至真空压力至30Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至120℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到90kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持1200s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
实施例2
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和厚度为0.85mm第二玻璃板12,第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11的表面应力为75MPa和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为650MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空300s，至真空压力至50Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至100℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到80kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持1000s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
实施例3：
(1)提供厚度为2.2mm的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为20MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空720s，至真空压力至40Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至180℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到100kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持2400s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
实施例4
(1)提供厚度为1.3mm的第一玻璃板11和厚度为0.7mm的第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11表面应力为550MPa和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为750MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空420s，至真空压力至40Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至100℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到60kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持800s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
实施例5
(1)提供厚度为2.2mm的第一玻璃板11和厚度为0.1mm第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11的表面应力为20MPa和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为900MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空420s，至真空压力至50Pa时，第一模具21加热至80℃，加热第二模具22至80℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到10kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持600s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
对比例：
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；此步骤中第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的厚度与尺寸及磨边、清洗等与实施例1相同。
(2)预压处理：将经步骤(1)处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(1)处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠而成层叠体，然后将上述层叠体放入橡胶制成的真空袋内，在60℃下保持30min，然后在100℃下保持60min。
(3)将预压处理后的层叠体放入高压釜，在140℃、1.3MPa加热30min，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
为了评价本发明实施例1-5及对比例的最终获得的夹层曲面玻璃10的性能进行了测试。
应力测试：通过表面应力仪对样品进行应力测试，让光沿着玻璃表面传播,根据光弹性技术测出其表面的应力以及应力层深度，每个样品取五个以上的测试点。
透光率测试：使用分光光度计对样品进行透过率测试，测试波长范围为380nm至1100nm。
弯曲深度测试：使用三次元扫描对样品进行扫描测试弯曲深度。
胶合性能测试：使用AOI自动光学检测仪检测样品是否有气泡或胶合不良区域。
测试结果：
从以上试验数据可知，采用本发明的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法制备的夹层曲面玻璃，在应力值、透光率、胶合性能、抗穿透性、弯曲深度、人头模型等试验中都取得了理想的试验结果，能够满足汽车领域的使用要求，相比对比实施例，本发明的实施例1-5在应力值方面优势明显，而且极大降低了能耗，节省了加工时间，提高了生产效率。
另外，本发明实施方式中，第二玻璃板12还可以替换为预制件，此时可以用于制造由第一玻璃板和预制件复合而成的夹层曲面复合材料，所述预制件可以是玻璃、陶瓷或其他与玻璃的热膨胀系数相近的材料预制件，或者由金属材质制成，所述预制件可以在与第一玻璃板11复合前经钢化或其他工艺处理已经制备成曲面形状，也可以为平板状，例如，如下的实施例6-8。
实施例6：全景车顶玻璃
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12，第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12为平板状的玻璃原片，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12的表面应力为75MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将经步骤(2)强化处理后第二玻璃板12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对第二玻璃板12。首先抽真空540s，至真空压力至30Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至120℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和第二玻璃板12加压，加压到90kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，第二玻璃板12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持1200s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
(4)将玻璃制品嵌入全景车顶玻璃的预制框固定。
实施例7：全景车顶玻璃
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和预制件12，第一玻璃板11为平板状的玻璃原片，本实施方式中，预制件为双曲面玻璃，所述玻璃原片为浮法玻璃。将第一玻璃板11分别切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11进行强化处理，强化后的第一玻璃板11的表面应力为75MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和预制件12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11，第二模具22的凸面正对预制件12。首先抽真空540s，至真空压力至30Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至120℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具21和第二模具22对第一玻璃板11和预制件12加压，加压到90kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，预制件12逐渐与第二模具22的凸面贴合，并保持1200s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
(4)将玻璃制品嵌入全景车顶玻璃的预制框固定。
实施例8：太阳能光伏大巴车顶
(1)提供厚度为1.6mm的第一玻璃板11和大巴车顶预制件12,所述第一玻璃板11为平面太阳能光伏压花玻璃，所述大巴车顶预制件12为曲面金属板，金属板材质优选为铝合金，也可以为不锈钢等其他材质。将第一玻璃板11切割至所需尺寸，并经过磨边、清洗等处理；
(2)将步骤(1)的第一玻璃板11进行强化处理，强化后第一玻璃板11的表面应力为75MPa，且平整度小于3‰。
(3)成型处理，将经步骤(2)强化处理后第一玻璃板11、胶层13、和将大巴车顶预制件12依次层叠放置于冷压设备20中，并使得第一模具21的凹面正对第一玻璃板11并与大巴车顶预制件12的凸面正对。其中胶层13为两层PVB中间夹光伏电池串的三层结构。首先抽真空300s，至真空压力至50Pa时，第一模具21不加热，加热第二模具22至100℃，使得胶层13熔化，然后通过第一模具2对第一玻璃板11加压到80kPa，使得第一玻璃板11逐渐与第一模具21的凹面贴合，同时与大巴车顶预制的凸面贴合，并保持1000s，最后制得夹层曲面玻璃制品10。加压过程中持续进行抽真空，逐渐排出熔化的胶层13中气泡，最终获得夹层曲面玻璃10。
(4)为了保障本光伏系统的使用寿命，以金属压条将11的边部与大巴车顶预制件固定。
(5)此光伏大巴车顶可以实现200～300W/m2的发电功率。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关的工作人员完全可以在不偏离本发明的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，所述夹层曲面玻璃包括第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板、及设置于所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板之间的胶层，所述第一玻璃板或第二玻璃板的厚度为0.1至2.2mm，所述夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)提供厚度为0.1至2.2mm的平板状的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；
(2)将所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板进行表面预置内压处理，处理后的所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板为平板状，且所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的表面应力在10-1000MPa；
(3)低温成型处理，提供所述胶层，将经步骤(2)处理后的第一玻璃板、所述胶层、和经步骤(2)处理后的第二玻璃板依次层叠后，进行低温加压成型，所述低温成型处理是在冷压设备中进行，所述冷压设备包括用于将所述第一玻璃板成型至曲面形状的第一模具和用于将所述第二玻璃板成型至曲面形状的第二模具，以获得所述夹层曲面玻璃。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：经所述步骤(2)处理后所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的表面应力在20-900MPa，且所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的平整度小于5‰。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)是在真空条件下进行，真空度≤50Pa。
4.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述夹层曲面玻璃为双曲面玻璃。
5.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述第一模具或第二模具的加热温度为80℃到380℃。
6.如权利要求5所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述第一模具和所述第二模具至少之一对所述第一玻璃板或第二玻璃板进行加热。
7.如权利要求5所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：通过所述第一模具对所述第一玻璃板加压使得所述第一玻璃板与所述第一模具的凹面贴合，通过所述第二模具对所述第二玻璃板加压使得所述第二玻璃板与所述第二模具的凸面贴合。
8.如权利要求7所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述第一模具对所述第一玻璃板或所述第二模具对所述第二玻璃板施加的压力为10-100kPa。
9.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述夹层曲面玻璃的最大弯曲深度为180mm。
10.如权利要求1所述的夹层曲面玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述胶层的材料由PVB、SGP、POE或PO热熔夹胶材料制成。
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