CN108169697B - High-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application - Google Patents
High-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108169697B CN108169697B CN201711126613.XA CN201711126613A CN108169697B CN 108169697 B CN108169697 B CN 108169697B CN 201711126613 A CN201711126613 A CN 201711126613A CN 108169697 B CN108169697 B CN 108169697B
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/035—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using superconductive devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application, which comprises a frequency tracking unit and a phase compensation unit, wherein the frequency tracking unit is electrically connected with the phase compensation unit and is used for capturing and tracking the resonant frequency of an LC circuit in the RF-SQUID application; the phase compensation unit is used for compensating phase differences caused by different cable lengths in RF-SQUID application. The high-stability frequency automatic controller has the advantages that the automatic frequency control is adopted to replace the conventional open-loop control, the automatic frequency control has the characteristics of stable output frequency and no influence of the external environment, and meanwhile, the phase compensation circuit is added in the design, so that the high-stability frequency automatic controller has the advantages of wider application environment and higher test precision, and can play a beneficial effect in the fields of geomagnetic detection, physical principle verification, nondestructive testing, low-frequency remote communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application and aiming at eliminating the influence of radio frequency thermal drift, in particular to a high-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application.
Background
Superconducting quantum interferometers (hereinafter, abbreviated as "SQUIDs") are measuring instruments with the highest sensitivity in the field of magnetic field detection, and currently, the main application field of SQUIDs is magnetic field detection, and the application effect in other fields is also expected. The SQUID is used as a sensor, and the detection effect of the electromagnetic wave can be realized by the aid of the radio frequency front end and the conventional processing circuit.
Over the last two decades, devices based on RF-SQUID applications have become widely used, such as: high TcRF-SQUID made by YBCO, RF-SQUID made by microwave resonators, and the like. The RF circuit in these devices is open loop, and the nature of the open loop determines that the voltage controlled oscillator supplying current to the RF-SQUID has a frequency drift characteristic with temperature, resulting in poor long-term stability of the frequency, as in outdoor applications where there are strong ambient temperature variations. Even in laboratory conditions, the device needs to be thermally equilibrated, and this process takes several minutes and is inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application comprises a frequency tracking unit and a phase compensation unit, wherein the frequency tracking unit is electrically connected with the phase compensation unit,
the frequency tracking unit is used for capturing and tracking LC resonance frequency;
and the phase compensation unit is used for compensating phase difference caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables.
Preferably, the frequency tracking unit comprises a power distribution module I, a power distribution module II, a signal amplification module I, a signal amplification module II, a multiplication module, a frequency control module, a power detection module and a power conversion module, wherein,
the power distribution module I, the signal amplification module I, the multiplication module, the signal amplification module II and the power detection module are electrically connected in sequence;
the frequency control module, the power distribution module II, the phase shift module and the multiplication module are electrically connected in sequence;
the frequency control module, the power distribution module II and the power distribution module I are electrically connected in sequence;
preferably, the phase compensation unit comprises a phase shifting module, and the phase shifting module has a phase shifting range of 0-360 degrees and is used for compensating phase differences caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables.
Preferably, the frequency control module is used for receiving a control instruction of the upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control instruction;
the power distribution module II is used for receiving the frequency signal output by the frequency control module and transmitting the signal subjected to power distribution to the power distribution module I;
the power distribution module I is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module II and transmitting the signal subjected to power distribution to the signal amplification module I;
the signal amplification module I is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module I and transmitting the amplified signal to the multiplication module;
the multiplication module is used for receiving the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module, multiplying the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module to obtain a large dynamic frequency signal, and transmitting the large dynamic frequency signal to the signal amplification module II;
the signal amplification module II is used for receiving the large dynamic frequency signal sent by the multiplication module, amplifying the large dynamic frequency signal and outputting the large dynamic frequency signal to the power detection module;
and the power detection module is used for receiving the signal output by the signal amplification module II and transmitting the signal subjected to power detection to the SQUID.
Preferably, the frequency control module is used for receiving a control instruction of the upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control instruction, wherein the frequency signal is a signal with an output frequency f ranging from 500MHz to 600MHz, a step of 1KHz and a stability of 0.5 ppm.
Preferably, the isolation of the power distribution module I is 30 dB.
Preferably, the signal amplification module I has a gain G110dB, a noise figure nf0.5db, and a dynamic range D40 dB.
Preferably, the power conversion module is configured to provide a required operating power supply for each module.
Preferably, the phase shift module is used for adjusting the phase of the output frequency of the frequency control module according to different cable lengths used in the RF-SQUID, and the adjusted value is used as a signal demodulation reference.
An RF-SQUID system equipped with a high stable frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application, the system comprising an LC resonance circuit module and the high stable frequency automatic controller, the LC resonance circuit module and the high stable frequency automatic controller being electrically connected, wherein,
and the high stable frequency automatic controller is used for capturing and tracking the LC resonant frequency, and a signal at the output end of the high stable frequency automatic controller is fed back to the RF-SQUID by the coupling coil and is in direct proportion to the magnetic flux measured by the RF-SQUID.
The high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application, which is manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention, adopts the automatic frequency control to replace the conventional open-loop control, and the automatic frequency control has the characteristics of stable output frequency and no influence by the external environment, and meanwhile, the phase compensation circuit is added in the design, so that the high-stability frequency automatic controller has the advantages of wider application environment and higher test precision, and can play a beneficial effect in the fields of geomagnetic detection, physical principle verification, nondestructive detection, low-frequency remote communication and the like, the high-stability frequency automatic controller is added in an application device of the RF-SQUID, the long-term stability of the output frequency of the high-stability frequency automatic controller reaches 0.5ppm, and compared with the conventional open-loop circuit, the long-term stability of the frequency can be improved by 4 orders of magnitude and above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a high stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a mechanical block diagram of a high stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an RF-SQUID flux-locked loop according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-power distribution module I; 2-power distribution module II;
3-a signal amplification module I; 4-signal amplification module II;
5-a multiplication module; 6-a phase shift module;
7-a frequency control module; 8-a power detection module;
9-a power conversion module; 10-an LC resonant circuit module;
11-high stable frequency automatic controller.
Detailed Description
The defects of the prior art are as follows:
as shown in fig. 3(a), the RF-SQUID is composed of a superconducting loop LS coupled to the LC resonant circuit by a certain coupling coefficient M.
In the application process of the RF-SQUID, in order to realize the authenticity of a magnetic flux test, the voltage amplitude VC at two ends of the LC resonance circuit is a unitary function of a variable of an external magnetic flux in principle, but the inductance L and the capacitance C in the existing LC resonance circuit cannot realize accurate design on the resonance frequency of the LC resonance circuit in the manufacturing process, so that the voltage amplitude VC at two ends of the LC resonance circuit is a binary function of the two variables of the external magnetic flux and the self resonance frequency, namely the VC cannot truly reflect the size of the measured magnetic flux, and thus the test error is caused.
Because the VC value is very small, in order to realize the accuracy of VC test, a signal amplitude amplification mode is necessary to realize the reliable detection of the VC value, the conventional signal amplitude amplification mode is open loop amplification, and interference, noise and the like are easily introduced while the signal is amplified.
In order to solve the problems caused by the LC resonant circuit and the open loop circuit, as shown in fig. 3(b), the present application uses a highly stable frequency automatic controller to capture and track the LC resonant frequency. The invention of the high stable frequency automatic controller not only reduces the complexity of the magnetic flux locking circuit but also improves the long-term stability of the frequency, and the invention is specifically described below by combining the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1, the high stable frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application comprises a frequency tracking unit and a phase compensation unit, wherein the frequency tracking unit is electrically connected with the phase compensation unit, and the frequency tracking unit is used for capturing and tracking the LC resonance frequency; the phase compensation unit is used for compensating phase differences caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables; the frequency tracking unit comprises a power distribution module I1, a power distribution module II 2, a signal amplification module I3, a signal amplification module II 4, a multiplication module 5, a frequency control module 7, a power detection module 8 and a power conversion module 9, wherein the power distribution module I1, the signal amplification module I3, the multiplication module 5, the signal amplification module II 4 and the power detection module 8 are electrically connected in sequence; the frequency control module 7, the power distribution module II 2, the phase shift module 6 and the multiplication module 5 are electrically connected in sequence; the frequency control module 7, the power distribution module II 2 and the power distribution module I1 are electrically connected in sequence; the phase compensation unit comprises a phase shifting module 6, wherein the phase shifting range of the phase shifting module 6 is 0-360 degrees, and the phase shifting module is used for compensating phase difference caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables; the frequency control module 7 is used for receiving a control instruction of the upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control instruction; the power distribution module II 2 is used for receiving the frequency signal output by the frequency control module and transmitting the signal after power distribution to the power distribution module I1; the power distribution module I1 is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module II 2 and transmitting the signal subjected to power distribution to the signal amplification module I3; the signal amplification module I3 is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module I1 and transmitting the amplified signal to the multiplication module 5; the multiplication module 5 is configured to receive the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module, multiply the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module to obtain a large dynamic frequency signal, and transmit the large dynamic frequency signal to the signal amplification module II 4; the signal amplification module II 4 is used for receiving the large dynamic frequency signal sent by the multiplication module, amplifying the large dynamic frequency signal and outputting the amplified large dynamic frequency signal to the power detection module 8; the power detection module 8 is used for receiving the signal output by the signal amplification module II and transmitting the signal subjected to power detection to the SQUID; the frequency control module 7 is used for receiving a control instruction of an upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control instruction, wherein the frequency signal is a signal with the output frequency f ranging from 500MHz to 600MHz, the step of 1KHz and the stability of 0.5 ppm; the isolation of the power distribution module I1 is 30 dB; gain G110dB, noise factor NF0.5dB, dynamic range D40dB of the signal amplification module I3; the power supply conversion module 9 is used for providing required working power supplies for the modules; the phase shift module 6 is used for adjusting the phase of the output frequency of the frequency control module according to different cable lengths used in the RF-SQUID, and the adjustment value is used as a signal demodulation reference; the system comprises an LC resonance circuit module 10 and a high stable frequency automatic controller 11, wherein the LC resonance circuit module is electrically connected with the high stable frequency automatic controller, the high stable frequency automatic controller 11 is used for capturing and tracking LC resonance frequency, a signal at the output end of the high stable frequency automatic controller is fed back to an RF-SQUID by a coupling coil, and the signal is in direct proportion to magnetic flux measured by the RF-SQUID.
The technical scheme is characterized in that the automatic frequency control is adopted to replace the conventional open-loop control, the automatic frequency control has the characteristics of stable output frequency and no influence of external environment, and a phase compensation circuit is added in the design.
In the technical scheme, the frequency control module 7 realizes the output of signals with the frequency f range of 500 MHz-600 MHz, the stepping of 1KHz and the stability of 0.5ppm through a control instruction of an upper computer; the frequency signal f enters the SQUID after passing through a power distribution module I1 with the isolation degree of 30 dB; the SQUID output signal passes through a signal amplification module I3 with gain G110dB, noise coefficient NF0.5dB and dynamic range D40dB and then is output to a multiplication module 5; the multiplication module 5 multiplies the frequency output by the frequency control module 7 by the frequency output by the signal amplification module I3, and outputs a large dynamic frequency signal which can be processed by the power detection module 8; the phase-shifting module 6 is used as an application expansion, the phase of the output frequency of the frequency control module can be adjusted according to different cable lengths used in the RF-SQUID, and the adjusted value is used as a signal demodulation reference; the power conversion module 9 is implemented to provide required working power for each module.
In the technical scheme, the input end of a frequency tracking unit in the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application is connected with the RF-SQUID through a low-loss corrosion-resistant radio frequency connector; the output end of a frequency tracking unit in the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application is connected with the RF-SQUID through an output and control device, and the output and control device consists of an aviation cable and a corrosion-resistant micro-rectangular connector.
In the technical scheme, a signal at the output end of the high-stable-frequency automatic controller is fed back to the RF-SQUID by the coupling coil, and the signal is in direct proportion to the magnetic flux measured by the RF-SQUID. Thus, the RF-SQUID can be maintained in a constant magnetic flux state, i.e., flux-locked.
In the technical scheme, the undistorted transmission of the circuit to signals is strictly ensured during design, the dynamic range of the high-stability frequency automatic controller is required to be 40dB based on the application of the RF-SQUID, the high-stability frequency automatic controller has the capability of detecting-110 dBm signals, the maximum output voltage of a feedback signal is determined by the power detection module 8, and the output voltage range of the circuit is-5V- + 5V.
In the technical scheme, in order to reduce the influence of high resonant impedance of the RF-SQUID sensor on the operation of a closed-loop circuit, the input stage of the high-stability frequency automatic controller adopts the power distribution module I1 with high isolation, so that an LC resonator with a high Q value is allowed to be adopted in the design of the RF-SQUID sensor.
In the technical scheme, the frequency control module 7 adopts an MPLL type high-speed frequency hopping surface-mounted miniature frequency synthesizer of the institute of Chinese electrical science and Council, and integrates a phase-locked loop chip, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, a buffer amplifier and peripheral components; the reference signal required by the frequency synthesizer adopts an OXM25 type label constant temperature crystal oscillator of the Zhongjieke thirteen institute, the long-term stability of the frequency is in the range of +/-0.05 to +/-0.5 ppm, and the position of phase noise deviating from the carrier frequency by 1KHz is less than-145 dBc/Hz; by optimizing the loop filtering bandwidth, the requirements of frequency hopping time, loop stability and phase noise are met, the frequency hopping time is less than 25uS, and the position of 1KHz of the phase noise deviating from the carrier frequency is less than-130 dBc/Hz; the frequency control module 7 sets working frequency through a 3-wire serial control interface; an RF signal modulated by an RF-SQUID signal enters a signal amplification module I3 through a power distribution module I1, in order to ensure the linearity and the signal-to-noise ratio of a circuit, the signal amplification module I3 amplifies the RF signal according to a certain gain, and the amplified signal is guided to a multiplication module 5.
In the technical scheme, the signal amplification module I2 adopts a MAAL type amplifier of a MACOMD.
In the technical scheme, the phase shift module 6 adopts an NC3229S-107PD type phase shifter of a middle electrical department thirteen institute, the phase shift range is 0-360 degrees, and the phase shift range is enough to compensate the phase difference caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables.
In the technical scheme, the values of the capacitor C and the resistor R of the components in the power detection module 8 are both adjustable. The resistor R determines the dynamic range of the circuit, and the values of the resistor R and the capacitor C determine the bandwidth of the circuit. The dynamic range increases with decreasing resistance R value, while the dynamic range is limited as decreasing resistance R value causes circuit output noise. The bandwidth decreases as the values of the capacitance C and the resistance R increase. The maximum slew rate, the maximum bandwidth and the dynamic range can be obtained by selecting the minimum capacitance value Cmin and the minimum resistance value Rmin, and the instability of a flux locked loop can be caused by selecting the minimum capacitance value Cmin and the minimum resistance value Rmin. Therefore, the selection of the values of the capacitance C and the resistance R should be optimized in a compromise between performance and stability.
In the technical scheme, the parameters, such as working frequency and phase, of the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application can realize remote control operation. All settings and functions can be set and queried by simple serial commands, such as the command "Fre: 550.000 "denotes" set operating frequency to 550.000MHz ", the command" DF "denotes" inquire about the frequency currently operating ", the command" PS: o0 "indicates that" the dephasing compensation is set to 180.00 ° ".
In the technical scheme, the small signal detection capability test and the frequency long-term stability test of the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application are carried out by adopting an Agilent N5181A signal generator to provide a broadband-110 dBm signal for measurement, setting the frequency control module 7 to be the same as the output frequency of the signal generator, and measuring the amplitude and the frequency of the signal at the output end of the high-stability frequency automatic controller by utilizing an MSO 5204B oscilloscope. The frequency of the signal collected by the oscilloscope is less than 250Hz, which can indicate that the frequency stability is in the range of 0.5 ppm.
In the technical scheme, the mechanical structure of the high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application adopts the following technical measures:
firstly, the interface is made of stainless steel, and the surface is passivated to improve the corrosion resistance grade;
secondly, the fastening piece is made of austenitic stainless steel, so that salt mist corrosion is prevented;
thirdly, conducting and oxidizing the color on the surface of the circuit structure, and coating a solid film protective agent;
fourthly, spraying three-proofing paint on the surface of the circuit board, and coating a solid film protective agent on the cable joint;
fifthly, each component circuit in the circuit structure adopts a cavity-divided design, and dense screws are designed to fasten the PCB, the parting strips and the cover plate, so that the grounding of the PCB and the electrical continuity of the module cavity are ensured.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application is characterized by comprising a frequency tracking unit and a phase compensation unit, wherein the frequency tracking unit is electrically connected with the phase compensation unit,
the frequency tracking unit is used for capturing and tracking LC resonance frequency; the frequency tracking unit comprises a power distribution module I (1), a power distribution module II (2), a signal amplification module I (3), a signal amplification module II (4), a multiplication module (5), a frequency control module (7), a power detection module (8) and a power conversion module (9), wherein the power distribution module I (1), the signal amplification module I (3), the multiplication module (5), the signal amplification module II (4) and the power detection module (8) are electrically connected in sequence; the frequency control module (7), the power distribution module II (2), the phase shift module (6) and the multiplication module (5) are electrically connected in sequence;
the frequency control module (7), the power distribution module II (2) and the power distribution module I (1) are electrically connected in sequence;
and the phase compensation unit is used for compensating phase difference caused by different lengths of the RF-SQUID cables.
2. The highly stable frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application of claim 1, wherein the phase compensation unit comprises a phase shift module (6), the phase shift module (6) has a phase shift range of 0-360 ° for compensating the phase difference caused by different lengths of RF-SQUID cables.
3. The RF-SQUID application based high-stability frequency automatic controller according to claim 1, wherein the frequency control module (7) is used for receiving a control command of an upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control command;
the power distribution module II (2) is used for receiving the frequency signal output by the frequency control module and transmitting the signal subjected to power distribution to the power distribution module I (1);
the power distribution module I (1) is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module II (2) and transmitting the signal subjected to power distribution to the signal amplification module I (3);
the signal amplification module I (3) is used for receiving the signal sent by the power distribution module I (1) and transmitting the amplified signal to the multiplication module (5);
the multiplication module (5) is used for receiving the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module, multiplying the frequency output by the frequency control module and the frequency output by the signal amplification module to obtain a large dynamic frequency signal, and transmitting the large dynamic frequency signal to the signal amplification module II (4);
the signal amplification module II (4) is used for receiving the large dynamic frequency signal sent by the multiplication module, amplifying the large dynamic frequency signal and outputting the amplified large dynamic frequency signal to the power detection module (8);
and the power detection module (8) is used for receiving the signal output by the signal amplification module II and transmitting the signal subjected to power detection to the SQUID.
4. The high-stability frequency automatic controller based on the RF-SQUID application according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the frequency control module (7) is used for receiving a control command of an upper computer and outputting a frequency signal under the control of the control command, and the frequency signal is a signal with an output frequency f ranging from 500MHz to 600MHz, a step of 1KHz and a stability of 0.5 ppm.
5. The RF-SQUID application based high stability frequency automatic controller according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolation of the power distribution module I (1) is 30 dB.
6. The high stability frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application of claim 1, characterized in that the gain G110dB, noise figure NF0.5dB, dynamic range D40dB of the signal amplification module I (3).
7. The RF-SQUID application based high stable frequency automatic controller according to claim 1, characterized by the power conversion module (9) for providing the required working power for each module.
8. The RF-SQUID application based high stability frequency automatic controller according to claim 2, wherein the phase shift module (6) is used to perform phase adjustment on the frequency control module output frequency according to different cable lengths used in RF-SQUID, the adjustment value being used as signal demodulation reference.
9. An RF-SQUID system equipped with the high stable frequency automatic controller based on RF-SQUID application of claim 1, characterized in that the system comprises an LC resonance circuit module (10) and a high stable frequency automatic controller (11), said LC resonance circuit module and high stable frequency automatic controller being electrically connected, wherein,
and the high stable frequency automatic controller (11) is used for capturing and tracking the LC resonant frequency, and a signal at the output end of the high stable frequency automatic controller is fed back to the RF-SQUID by the coupling coil and is in direct proportion to the magnetic flux measured by the RF-SQUID.
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