CN108156545B - Array microphone - Google Patents
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- CN108156545B CN108156545B CN201810140146.4A CN201810140146A CN108156545B CN 108156545 B CN108156545 B CN 108156545B CN 201810140146 A CN201810140146 A CN 201810140146A CN 108156545 B CN108156545 B CN 108156545B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
- H04R1/083—Special constructions of mouthpieces
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Abstract
The invention discloses an array microphone, which comprises a shell, a dustproof sound-transmitting net, an acoustic sensor array module and an audio circuit module, wherein the audio circuit module collects and processes sound signals obtained by the acoustic sensor array module and then transmits the sound signals to back-end equipment; a plurality of unidirectional sensors arranged in an array by the acoustic sensor array module; the audio circuit module comprises a plurality of filter network modules, a signal processing module and an amplifying module, wherein the filter network modules are used for extracting signals polluted by stationary noise; the filter network module comprises a wiener filter; the front and the back of the shell are provided with sound transmission holes. The invention adopts the wiener filter to extract the signal polluted by the stable noise, thereby eliminating the interference signal to the maximum extent, and arranging the sound transmission holes on the front and the back of the shell of the microphone to further enhance the directivity of the array microphone; the unidirectional sensors arranged in a line expand the sound receiving range as much as possible, so as to achieve the effect of remote sound pickup.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication systems, in particular to an array microphone.
Background
Along with the continuous development of society and economy, indoor meeting and long-range meeting between people are more and more frequently exchanged, and the microphone is mainly a gooseneck microphone, and the gooseneck microphone has the problems that the voice range is difficult to guarantee and the pickup area is narrow, and the requirements on the activity position of meeting personnel and the relative position of the microphone are higher, the sound amplifying effect of the meeting microphone is poor, the anti-interference capability is poor, and the directivity of the microphone is weak, so that the normal running of the meeting is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an array microphone capable of maximally removing an interference signal by extracting a signal contaminated with stationary noise using a wiener filter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an array microphone capable of better picking up sound, in which the directivity of the array microphone is further enhanced by providing sound transmission holes on the front and back sides of the housing of the microphone.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an array microphone having a directional sound pickup characteristic and an increased sound pickup range by arranging a plurality of unidirectional sensors in a line in an array manner so that the sound pickup range is corridor-type directivity; therefore, the radio range can be expanded as much as possible, and the effect of remote pickup is achieved.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an array microphone capable of securing a range of human voice, enhancing a low frequency response of the array microphone while suppressing a high frequency response of the array microphone by arranging a plurality of unidirectional sensors in a middle portion of the array at intervals D 1 A plurality of unidirectional sensors on the left and right sides of the array are arranged at equal intervals with an interval D 2 Are arranged at equal intervals, wherein D 2 Greater than D 1 Thus, an array microphone with good performance is obtained. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an array microphone comprises a shell, a dustproof sound-transmitting net, an acoustic sensor array module and an audio circuit module, wherein the audio circuit module collects and processes sound signals obtained by the acoustic sensor array module and transmits the sound signals to back-end equipment;
the sound sensor array module comprises a plurality of unidirectional sensors, and the unidirectional sensors are arranged in an array mode in a straight line mode so that the pickup range is corridor-type directivity;
the audio circuit module comprises a plurality of filter network modules, a signal processing module and an amplifying module; wherein the filter network module comprises a wiener filter for extracting signals contaminated by stationary noise;
the front and the back of the shell are provided with sound transmission holes, and the sound transmission holes on the front and the back are symmetrically arranged.
Further, the signal processing module comprises a signal compensation module, a signal weighting module and a summation module, the filtering network module respectively transmits the output sound signals to the signal compensation module and the delay estimation module, the delay estimation module transmits the delay signals to the signal compensation module, the sound signals compensated by the signal compensation module are weighted by the signal weighting module, the summation module sums the weighted sound signals, and the summed sound signals are transmitted to the amplification module.
Further, the signal compensation module includes a plurality of bridge oscillators.
Further, the spacing between unidirectional sensors located on both sides of the array is greater than the spacing between unidirectional sensors located in the middle of the array.
Further, the plurality of unidirectional sensors are arranged in three groups, each group including a plurality of unidirectional sensors: the first group is positioned in the middle of the array, the second group and the third group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the first group, wherein a plurality of unidirectional sensors of the first group are arranged at intervals D 3 The unidirectional sensors of the second group and the third group are arranged at equal intervals 2 Are arranged at equal intervals, wherein D 2 Greater than D 1 。
Further, the method comprises the steps of,a space D exists between the first unidirectional sensor and the second unidirectional sensor 3 There is a space D between the first and third sets of unidirectional sensors 4 And D 3 And D 4 Are all greater than D 1 。
Further, the unidirectional sensor is a capacitive differential pressure electret sensor.
Further, the angle between the acoustic sensor array module and the horizontal direction of the array microphone is 0-30 degrees.
Further, the pick-up end of the acoustic sensor array module is abutted against the dustproof sound-transmitting net.
Further, the dustproof sound-transmitting net comprises an outer net and an inner net, and the outer net and the inner net are bonded into a whole to form the dustproof sound-transmitting net.
Therefore, the beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1. maximally eliminating interference signals: by adopting the audio circuit module comprising the wiener filter, the signal polluted by the stationary noise can be extracted, and the interference signal can be removed to the maximum extent.
2. The directivity of the array microphone is stronger: through all setting up the sound hole at the casing front and the back of microphone to positive sound hole and the sound hole phase symmetry of back, the sound hole of setting up ground symmetry can pick up sound signal better, and the casing can play the effect of sound transmission like this to array microphone's directionality has further been strengthened.
3. The radio range is large: through setting up acoustic sensor array module to the font, can enlarge the radio reception scope as far as like this for the pickup scope is corridor formula directionality, and has increased the pickup scope, makes the array microphone of this invention have directional pickup function, has also reached the effect of long-distance pickup simultaneously.
4. Guaranteeing the voice range: the interval of the unidirectional sensors positioned in the middle of the array is larger than that of the unidirectional sensors positioned on the left side and the right side of the array, so that the human voice range is ensured, the low-frequency response of the array microphone is improved, and meanwhile, the high-frequency response of the array microphone is restrained, so that the array microphone with good performance is obtained.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an array microphone according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a filter network module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a signal processing module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a basic partial circuit diagram of a signal compensation module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of corridor-type directivity of an acoustic sensing array of an array microphone in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional plan view of a simple harmonic plane wave projected onto an array in one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a pickup area diagram of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of an array microphone according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is an oblique view of an array microphone of an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein 100 is a housing; 110 is a switch; 200 is a dustproof sound-transmitting net; 300 is an acoustic sensor array module;
400 is an audio circuit module; 410 is a filter network module; 411 is a wiener filter; 412 is a parameter design module; 420 is a signal processing module; 421 is a signal compensation module; 422 is the signal weighting module, 423 is the summing module; 424 is the delay estimation module; 430 is an amplification module 430;440 is a power module; 450 is a mute module.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are by way of example only and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as referring to "at least one" or "one or more," i.e., in one embodiment, the number of elements may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of elements may be plural, and the term "a" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or groups thereof.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in combination with fig. 1, an array microphone includes a housing 100, a dust-proof sound-transmitting net 200, an acoustic sensor array module 300, and an audio circuit module 400, where the audio circuit module 400 collects and processes a sound signal obtained by the acoustic sensor array module 300 and transmits the sound signal to a back-end device; the acoustic sensor array module 300 includes a plurality of unidirectional sensors, and the plurality of unidirectional sensors are arranged in an array manner in a straight line so that a pickup range has corridor type directivity;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a filter network module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 2, the audio circuit module 400 includes a filtering network module 410, a signal processing module 420, an amplifying module 430, a power module 440, and a mute module 450 connected in sequence, wherein the filtering network module 410 may output multiple paths of sound signals, and preferably, the filtering network module 410 may include a wiener filter 411 and a parameter design module 412, and the parameter design module 412 is used for adjusting parameters of the wiener filter 411; the power module 440 is configured to supply power to the amplifying module 430, and the mute module 450 is configured to set the amplifying module 430 to a mute state.
The wiener filter (wiener filtering) is a filter based on minimum mean square error criteria for optimal estimation of stationary processes. The filter has a minimum mean square error between the output of the sound signal and the desired output and can be used to extract signals contaminated with stationary noise.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a signal processing module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 3, the signal processing module 420 includes a signal compensation module 421, a signal weighting module 422 and a summation module 423 connected in sequence, where the filtering network module 410 transmits the output multipath sound signals to the signal compensation module 421, and meanwhile, the filtering network module 410 also transmits the output multipath sound signals to a delay estimation module 424, the delay estimation module 424 transmits the delay signals to the signal compensation module 421, the compensated sound signals are weighted by the signal weighting module 422, and then the summation module 423 sums the weighted sound signals to obtain a final sound signal, and finally, the sound signal is transmitted to the amplification module 430 again.
The delay estimation of the delay estimation module 424 may take empirical values, such as obtained through experimental testing, with the test environment being performed in a fully anechoic chamber.
Each of the sound signal compensation modules 421 may include a plurality of bridge oscillators, which are one of the RC feedback circuit oscillators, whose upper frequency limit is, for example, approximately l MHz, and which may be used in the human voice range. Fig. 4 is a basic partial circuit diagram of a signal compensation module of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 4, the basic part of the bridge oscillator is the lead-lag circuit of the signal phase. In this embodiment, the bridge oscillator may be a venturi bridge oscillator, or may be another bridge oscillator capable of generating a low frequency signal.
Arranging a plurality of capacitive differential electret sensors in an array manner in a line as an acoustic sensor array module 300, fig. 5 is a schematic view of corridor directivity of an acoustic sensor array of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 5, a small loop in the figure is the directivity of each unidirectional sensor, and the directivity portions of the plurality of unidirectional sensors are overlapped crosswise, and an outer large loop is the directivity of the entire array microphone.
Therefore, the sound receiving range can be expanded as much as possible, the sound collecting range is corridor-type directivity, and the effect of remote sound collection is achieved.
Specifically, the acoustic sensor array module 300 may include a plurality of unidirectional sensors, and the plurality of unidirectional sensors are arranged in an array manner in a line so that the pickup range is corridor-type directivity; in order to enhance the low frequency response of the array microphone and suppress the high frequency response of the array microphone, it may be further preferable that the interval between the unidirectional sensors located on both sides of the array is larger than the interval between the unidirectional sensors located in the middle of the array.
A specific method of setting the spacing of adjacent acoustic sensors in the acoustic sensor array 300 using a beamforming method will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The acoustic sensor array module 300 is designed according to a beam forming method, which is a method of outputting each array element of a multi-element array arranged in a certain geometric shape and processing the array element to form spatial directivity. The beamformer can reject signals of a certain azimuth and only let signals of a given azimuth pass, so the beamformer can be regarded as a spatial filter.
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional plan view of a simple harmonic plane wave projected onto an array in one embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, the matrix is an equidistant line array composed of N sensors, and the adjacent distance of each sensor is d, so that the sensitivity of receiving each array element is the same. In a two-dimensional plane, assuming that a simple harmonic plane wave is projected onto the matrix at an angle theta, the output signals of each array element are as follows:
x 0 (t)＝Ae-jωt (1)
x 1 (t)＝Ae-j(ωt+ψ) (2)
。。。
x (N-1) (t)＝Ae-j(ωt+Nψ) (3)
wherein A is the signal amplitude, ω is the signal angular frequency, and ψ is the phase difference between the signals received by adjacent array elements.
In addition, in the case of the optical fiber,
where f is the frequency of the plane wave, λ is the wavelength of the plane wave, τ is the time constant, and c is the velocity of the plane wave.
Adding the signals of the sensors to obtain an output formula of the array, wherein the output formula is as follows:
further simplified, the resulting formula is:
if θ=0°, that is, the signal is injected along the normal direction of the matrix, the corresponding matrix output is:
y(0,t)＝N*A(8)
dividing the above formula (7) by NA, i.e. normalizing the amplitude, can obtain the directivity function of the matrix as:
when θ=0°, D (θ) =1, which indicates that the array elements are added in phase, which indicates that the magnitude of the output amplitude of a multi-array varies with the incident angle of the signal.
The main lobe of the beam can be pointed to theta as long as the delay of the compensation value 0 Direction, where θ 0 Called "guiding orientation", can be obtained:
the formula (9) gives a normalized natural directivity function of an N-ary equidistant linear array, from which it can be seen that whenAnd then takes the maximum value, thereby determining that D (θ, θ) is the same as sin θ= + -mλ/D 0 ) Takes a maximum value, where when m=0, D (θ, θ 0 ) As a main maximum, when m=1, D (θ, θ 0 ) Is the left first sub-maximum; when m= -1, D (θ, θ) 0 ) Is the first right side sub-maximum;
and when sin θ= ±mλ/Nd, D (θ, θ) 0 ) Is zero. It is obvious that there are N-1 zero points between the left side first auxiliary maximum value and the right side first auxiliary maximum value, and the zero point interval is lambda/Nd. Besides the main and auxiliary maxima, there are a plurality of side lobes or sub-maxima, and on the horizontal axis, the side lobe occurrence position is sinθ= ± (m+1/2) λ/Nd. There are N-2 side lobes between the left side first sub-maximum and the right side first sub-maximum.
From the above description, when d/λ >1/2, θ appears to be sub-maximum in the (-90 °,90 °) range, and the number of occurrence sub-maxima is related to the value of d/λ. In other words, to ensure that θ only has one main maximum at (-90 °,90 °), and that d/λ is less than or equal to 1/2, that is, d is less than or equal to λ/2, no ambiguity or confusion of azimuth is caused.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the acoustic sensor array module 300 is optionally formed from 13 capacitive differential pressure electretsThe sensors are formed and arranged in a linear array, wherein 9 capacitive differential electret sensors in the middle of the array are arranged at a distance d 1 D is equidistantly arranged 1 And less than or equal to 10mm, thus ensuring that only one main maximum value appears in the 17kHz sound range, and further ensuring the voice range. 2 capacitive differential electret sensors are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the 9 capacitive differential electret sensors, wherein d is as follows 2 Slightly greater than d 1 ,d 2 The value of (2) may preferably be 20 mm.ltoreq.d 2 ≤30mm；d 3 Also slightly greater than d 1 ,d 3 The value of (2) is preferably 20 mm.ltoreq.d 3 Less than or equal to 30mm; similarly, d 4 The value of (2) may preferably be 20 mm.ltoreq.d 4 ≤30mm，d 5 The value of (2) may preferably be 20 mm.ltoreq.d 5 Less than or equal to 30mm; through experimental tests, the arrangement mode of the invention is adopted, two other capacitive differential pressure electret sensors are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle 9 capacitive differential pressure electret sensors, and the interval distance between the two adjacent sensors is larger than that between the middle 9 sensors, so that the low-frequency response of the array microphone can be effectively improved, and the high-frequency response of the array microphone is restrained, so that the sound performance of the array microphone is better. Of course, other numbers of capacitive differential electret sensors may be used with the acoustic sensor array module 300 of the present invention; and the distance between adjacent sensors is not limited to the above-listed range of values.
FIG. 8 is a pickup area diagram of an array microphone according to an embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 8, in this embodiment, the angle between the acoustic sensor array module 300 and the horizontal direction of the array microphone is preferably 0 ° to 30 °, so that the front face (i.e., the pick-up face) of the acoustic sensor module is opposite to the speaker position, so that the acoustic sensor array module 300 can better pick up the acoustic signals transmitted by the array microphone; however, in other embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the acoustic sensor array module 300 and the horizontal direction of the array microphone may also have other angle values, which is not limited thereto.
The sound pickup end of the sound sensor array module is closely abutted against the dustproof sound transmission net 200, so that not only can sound signals be effectively received, but also the dustproof effect can be achieved; preferably, the outer net of the dustproof sound-transmitting net 200 in this embodiment may be an 80 mesh straight stainless steel net, the inner net may be a 300 mesh black acrylic net, and the outer net and the inner net are bonded into an integral dustproof sound-transmitting net, so as to better receive the sound signal and play a dustproof role; however, in other embodiments of the present invention, the dustproof sound-transmitting net 200 may be made of other materials that can effectively receive sound signals and also play a dustproof role.
In addition, the microphone housing mainly serves as a fixing and connecting function, that is, the dustproof sound-transmitting net 200, the acoustic sensor array module 300 and the audio circuit module 400 are fixed and connected. The shell can be in a profile structure for facilitating mold opening and processing, in the embodiment, the material of the shell can be selected to be aluminum, but in other embodiments of the invention, profiles of other materials and structures can be selected to be used as the shell.
FIG. 9 is a top view of an array microphone according to one embodiment of the invention; fig. 10 is an oblique view of an array microphone of an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, in this embodiment, a switch 110 is disposed on the front surface of the housing 100, and the switch 110 may be a touch switch or a key switch, and is used for controlling the on/off of the power supply of the array microphone. The front and back upper parts of the shell 100 are provided with sound transmission holes, the sound transmission holes on the front and back are approximately symmetrically arranged, the symmetrical sound transmission holes can well pick up sound signals, and the directivity of the array microphone can be enhanced, so that the shell 100 can play a role in transmitting sound; however, the positions, arrangement and shapes of the sound-transmitting holes in other embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those shown in fig. 9 and 10, and the sound-transmitting holes may be formed in other positions of the housing 100 and arranged in other arrangement, one or more shapes.
In summary, the present invention provides an array microphone with directional pickup characteristics and increased pickup range, which is suitable for remote pickup, and the beneficial effects are that:
1. maximally eliminating interference signals: by adopting the audio circuit module comprising the wiener filter, the signal polluted by the stationary noise can be extracted, and the interference signal can be removed to the maximum extent.
2. The directivity of the array microphone is stronger: through all setting up the sound hole at the casing front and the back of microphone to positive sound hole and the sound hole phase symmetry of back, the sound hole of setting up ground symmetry can pick up sound signal better, and the casing can play the effect of sound transmission like this to array microphone's directionality has further been strengthened.
3. The radio range is large: through setting up acoustic sensor array module to the font, can enlarge the radio reception scope as far as like this for the pickup scope is corridor formula directionality, and has increased the pickup scope, makes the array microphone of this invention have directional pickup function, has also reached the effect of long-distance pickup simultaneously.
4. Guaranteeing the voice range: the interval of the unidirectional sensors positioned in the middle of the array is larger than that of the unidirectional sensors positioned on the left side and the right side of the array, so that the human voice range is ensured, the low-frequency response of the array microphone is improved, and meanwhile, the high-frequency response of the array microphone is restrained, so that the array microphone with good performance is obtained.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An array microphone comprises a shell (100), a dustproof sound-transmitting net (200), an acoustic sensor array module (300) and an audio circuit module (400), wherein the audio circuit module (400) collects and processes sound signals obtained by the acoustic sensor array module (300) and transmits the sound signals to back-end equipment;
wherein the acoustic sensor array module (300) includes a plurality of unidirectional sensors, and the plurality of unidirectional sensors are arranged in an array manner in a line so that a pickup range is corridor-type directivity;
the audio circuit module (400) comprises a plurality of filter network modules (410), a signal processing module (420) and an amplifying module (430); wherein the filter network module (410) comprises a wiener filter (411) for extracting signals contaminated by stationary noise;
the front and the back of the shell (100) are provided with sound transmission holes, and the sound transmission holes on the front and the back are symmetrically arranged;
the interval between unidirectional sensors positioned at two sides of the array is larger than the interval between unidirectional sensors positioned at the middle part of the array;
the dustproof sound-transmitting net (200) comprises an outer net and an inner net, and the outer net and the inner net are bonded into a whole to form the dustproof sound-transmitting net.
2. An array microphone according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module (420) comprises a signal compensation module (421), a signal weighting module (422), a summation module (423) and a delay estimation module (424), the filter network module (410) transmits the output sound signal to the signal compensation module (421) and the delay estimation module (424), the delay estimation module (424) transmits the delay signal to the signal compensation module (421), the sound signal compensated by the signal compensation module (421) is weighted by the signal weighting module (422), the summation module (423) sums the weighted sound signal, and the summed sound signal is transmitted to the amplification module (430).
3. An array microphone according to claim 2, characterized in that the signal compensation module (421) comprises a plurality of bridge oscillators.
4. The array microphone of claim 1, wherein the plurality of unidirectional sensors are arranged in three groups, each group comprising a plurality of unidirectional sensors: the first group is positioned in the middle of the array, the second group and the third group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the first group, whereinThe first group of the unidirectional sensors are arranged at intervals D 1 The unidirectional sensors of the second group and the third group are arranged at equal intervals 2 Are arranged at equal intervals, wherein D 2 Greater than D 1 。
5. The array microphone of claim 4, wherein there is a separation D between the first and second sets of unidirectional sensors 3 There is a space D between the first and third sets of unidirectional sensors 4 And D 3 And D 4 Are all greater than D 1 。
6. The array microphone of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional sensor is a capacitive differential electret sensor.
7. An array microphone according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic sensor array module (300) is at an angle of 0 ° to 30 ° to the horizontal direction of the array microphone.
8. An array microphone according to claim 1, characterized in that the pick-up end of the acoustic sensor array module (300) is in close proximity to the dust-proof acoustically transparent net (200).
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