CN108067289A - 催化剂及制备和在临氢条件下生产乙二胺及哌嗪的应用 - Google Patents
催化剂及制备和在临氢条件下生产乙二胺及哌嗪的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨转化为乙二胺及哌嗪的催化剂,催化剂包括主活性组分、助剂及载体三部分组成,主活性组分包括过渡金属Ni、Cu或Co;助剂为Fe、Cr、Re、Ru、B、Mg等金属或氧化物的一种或几种;载体为分子筛H‑ZSM‑5、H‑β、H‑MOR或H‑Y等。本发明催化剂的制备方法为浸渍法或沉淀法的一种或结合。本发明的催化剂在固定床反应器中,在一定的温度和氢气压力及一定量的催化剂条件下,单乙醇胺和液氨可高转化率、高选择性的转化为目标胺类产品乙二胺和哌嗪。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨转化为乙二胺及哌嗪的催化剂,详细地涉及一种用于临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨转化为乙二胺(EDA)及哌嗪(PIP)为主,并联产二乙烯三胺(DETA)、氨乙基哌嗪(AEP)、羟乙基哌嗪(HEP)和羟乙基乙二胺(AEEA)等的催化剂。
背景技术
乙撑胺产品包括乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、多乙烯多胺及环状胺类如哌嗪等。其中,乙二胺和哌嗪为市场紧俏的化工原料,在多个领域有着广泛的应用。乙二胺和哌嗪作为重要的化工原料和精细化工中间体,可应用于高分子化合物、医药、染料、农药等行业中;也可用于生产螯合剂、防虫剂、土壤改良剂、润滑剂、橡胶促进剂等产品;也可用于生产环氧树脂固化剂、乳化剂、抗冻剂、有机溶剂和化学分析试剂等产品,用途十分广泛。
目前工业上合成乙撑胺的方法主要为二氯乙烷(EDC)法和乙醇胺(MEA)法。EDC法存在设备腐蚀严重,能耗大的缺点,因此该工艺正逐渐被淘汰。MEA法具有工艺路线投资低,环境污染小等优点,根据工艺路线不同又分为还原胺化法和缩合胺化法两种:还原胺化法在高压临氢条件下反应,产品以链状胺类为主,多产乙二胺;缩合胺化法无需临氢,所需反应温度高,反应产物以环状胺类为主,如哌嗪及其衍生物。
上世纪60年代,BASF公司首次实现了MEA法的工业化。BASF所开发的MEA法采用滴流床反应器,以Ni、Co、Cu等金属为催化剂,在高压(20.0~30.0MPa)下进行反应,产物包括乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、羟乙基乙二胺、哌嗪、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪等,其中乙二胺为主要产物。在国内,山东联盟化工采用中国科学院大连化学物理研究所开发的MEA工艺,首次实现了中国MEA法制备乙撑胺的工业化,该工艺采用固定床反应器,以Al2O3或SiO2负载的Ni或Co等金属为催化剂,反应温度为135~155℃,压力为6.5~8.0MPa,产物以乙二胺为主。
单乙醇胺在催化剂存在下还原胺化法生成乙撑胺,由于产物胺类与液氨相比具有更高的反应活性,因此反应不可避免的生成复杂的多亚烷基多胺副产物,使得乙二胺和哌嗪的收率降低,增加分离成本。常用的方法能提高产物乙二胺的选择性,但产物哌嗪的选择性低,影响了哌嗪的产能。单乙醇胺采用缩合胺化法生产乙撑胺,由于反应机理与还原胺化法不同,单乙醇胺转化率较高,但产物以哌嗪及其衍生物为主,乙二胺的选择性低,且反应所需温度高,能耗大。因此,需要一种催化剂不仅能提高目标产物乙二胺和哌嗪的选择性,并且能保持较高的单乙醇胺转化率。
美国专利4123462采用不同的载体负载金属Ni,添加助剂Re后,不仅提高了胺化反应的转化率,并且提高了目标产物乙二胺的选择性。此外,专利发现载体的种类和比表面积对催化剂的活性有一定影响。美国专利4209424以Al2O3为载体制备镍基金属催化剂,发现加入助剂Na和Rh后,催化剂活性有明显的提高。美国专利5750790报道了不同载体负载的Ni-Re催化剂,发现采用过渡相Al2O3载体有利于提高催化剂活性和乙二胺的选择性,同时降低环状物的选择性。美国专利6534441采用SiO2-Al2O3负载的Ni-Re-B催化剂用于还原胺化生产乙撑胺,助剂Re和B提高了催化剂的稳定性,并且乙二胺选择性提高至70~80%。国际专利2013152548以氨化处理的SiO2或Al2O3为载体,活性金属为Ni或Co,添加助剂Re和B后,单乙醇胺转化率和乙二胺选择性得到明显提高。中国专利101215239采用缩合胺化法分两步联合制备乙二胺和胺乙基哌嗪:第一步,单乙醇胺和氨在缩合胺化催化剂磷改性的丝光沸石存在下,反应生成乙二胺、哌嗪及其他胺类,产物分离得产品乙二胺;第二步,哌嗪和未反应的单乙醇胺继续在硅改性的ZSM-5存在下反应,经分离、提纯后,得到目标产品胺乙基哌嗪。
采用上述现有技术的催化剂制备乙撑胺存在单乙醇胺转化率低、乙二胺或哌嗪选择性低和稳定性差等一个或多个方面的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨可转化为乙二胺和哌嗪的催化剂,所述催化剂可以实现以下中的一项或多项:(1)提高单乙醇胺和氨的转化率,(2)提高目标胺类乙二胺和哌嗪的选择性,(3)使单乙醇胺临氢胺化制备乙二胺和哌嗪在较低反应压力下实现,(4)降低单乙醇胺临氢胺化制备乙二胺和哌嗪的能耗,(5)提高方法的稳定性,(6)实现易操作。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的催化剂包括主活性组分、助剂和载体,主活性组分的重量占催化剂重量的1.0~60.0%,优选10.0~25.0%,助剂的重量占催化剂重量的0.1~30.0%,优选1.0~10.0%:
主活性组分为过渡金属Ni、Cu或Co中的一种或二种以上,优选金属Ni;
助剂为Fe、Cr、Re、Ru、B、Mg中的一种或二种以上的金属或氧化物中的一种或二种以上,优选助剂Re、B、Mg;
载体为H-ZSM-5、H-β、H-MOR或H-Y分子筛;
载体中H-ZSM-5的比表面积为300~800m2/g,硅铝比为10.0~200.0;优选地H-ZSM-5的比表面积为450~600m2/g,硅铝比为50.0~100.0;
载体中H-β的比表面积为200~800m2/g,硅铝比为20.0~80.0;优选地H-β的比表面积为400~700m2/g,硅铝比为40.0~65.0;
载体中H-MOR的比表面积为200~700m2/g,硅铝比为5.0~30.0;优选地H-MOR的比表面积为350~500m2/g,硅铝比为10.0~20.0;
载体中H-Y的比表面积为300~1000m2/g,硅铝比为1.5~3.0;优选地H-Y的比表面积为550~800m2/g,硅铝比为2.0~3.0;
本发明的催化剂的制备方法可采用沉淀法、浸渍法中的一种或两种的结合将活性组分负载在载体上。
本发明的催化剂在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨合成乙二胺及哌嗪反应中的应用,反应条件为:反应温度120~240℃,优选地反应温度为150~200℃,反应氢气压力为6.0~12.0MPa,优选地氢气压力为7~10MPa,单乙醇胺液体空速为0.1~1.0h-1,优选地液体空速为0.3~0.7h-1。
本发明的催化剂在应用前于氢气气氛下进行还原活化:压力为0.1~1.0MPa,优选地压力为0.1~0.5MPa,温度为200~700℃,优选地温度为350~600℃,氢气空速为500~5000h-1,优选地氢气空速为1500~3000h-1。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的催化剂可以显著降低反应能耗,提高在临氢条件下单乙醇胺的转化率,同时提高目标产物乙二胺和哌嗪的收率。
具体实施方式
下面详细阐述本发明的内容。
本发明的催化剂是用于在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨转化为乙二胺和哌嗪的反应。催化剂包括主活性组分、助剂和载体三部分组成,主活性组分为过渡金属Ni、Cu或Co中的一种或几种,助剂为Fe、Cr、Re、Ru、B、Mg等金属或氧化物的一种或几种,载体选用H-ZSM-5、H-β、H-MOR或H-Y分子筛等。本发明的催化剂,在固定床反应器中反应,反应物单乙醇胺和氨在临氢条件下可高活性、高选择性地转化为乙二胺和哌嗪为主的胺类产品。具体地,产品以乙二胺(EDA)及哌嗪(PIP)为主,并联产二乙烯三胺(DETA)、氨乙基哌嗪(AEP)、羟乙基哌嗪(HEP)和羟乙基乙二胺(AEEA)等。
本发明的反应体系中,液态的单乙醇胺和氨混合物泵入到预热器中与氢气混合预热至150℃后进入固定床反应器中。单乙醇胺和氨无需加入任何溶剂溶解稀释。
本发明的催化剂,主活性组分金属较佳重量百分含量为1.0~60.0%,最佳的含量为10.0~25.0%;助剂较佳重量百分含量为0.1~30.0%,最佳的含量为1.0~10.0%;载体可采用H-ZSM-5的较佳比表面积为300~800m2/g,最佳比表面积为450~600m2/g,较佳硅铝比为10.0~200.0,最佳硅铝比为50.0~100.0;载体可采用H-β的较佳比表面积为200~800m2/g,最佳比表面积为400~700m2/g,较佳硅铝比为20.0~80.0,最佳硅铝比为40.0~65.0;载体可采用H-MOR的较佳比表面积为200~700m2/g,最佳比表面积为350~500m2/g,较佳硅铝比为5.0~30.0,最佳硅铝比为10.0~20.0;载体可采用H-Y的较佳比表面积为300~1000m2/g,最佳比表面积为550~800m2/g,较佳硅铝比为1.5~3.0,最佳硅铝比为2.0~3.0。
本发明的反应温度为160℃,反应氢气压力为8.0MPa,单乙醇胺液体体积空速为0.5h-1和NH3:MEA:H2=10:1:0.015(摩尔比)的条件下进行反应评价。催化剂填装量为5ml。
本发明的催化剂在使用之前可以通过一定条件下的氢气处理活化。用氢气活化催化剂的较佳条件为:GHSV=2400h-1,压力为常压,温度为400℃,还原时间4h。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
催化剂为15%Ni-1.5%Re/H-ZSM-5。称取10克20-40目的H-ZSM-5,使用前经120℃烘干4小时,配置14ml含有4.672克Ni(NO3)2,0.216克NH4ReO4的水溶液,用此水溶液浸渍上述H-ZSM-5载体,自然晾干,120℃烘箱处理4小时,500℃马弗炉焙烧5小时。使用前在390℃氢气中(常压,2400h-1)还原活化4小时。
实施例2
催化剂为10%Ni-2%Re/H-ZSM-5。除了配置14ml含有3.114克Ni(NO3)2,0.288克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例3
催化剂为15%Ni-1.5%Re/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例4
催化剂为15%Ni-1.5%Re/H-Y。除了采用20-40目H-Y分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例5
催化剂为15%Ni-1.5%Re/H-β。除了采用20-40目H-β分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例6
催化剂为15%Ni-2%Ru/H-ZSM-5。除了配置14ml含有4.672克Ni(NO3)2,0.304克RuCl3的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例7
催化剂为20%Ni-1%Cr/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有6.229克Ni(NO3)2,0.458克Cr(NO3)3的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例8
催化剂为15%Ni-3.5%Mg/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有4.672克Ni(NO3)2,2.132克Mg(NO3)2的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例9
催化剂为10%Ni-10%Cu-1%B/H-ZSM-5。除了配置14ml含有3.114克Ni(NO3)2,2.951克Cu(NO3)2,0.572克H3BO3的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例10
催化剂为25%Co-5%Re/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有7.766克Co(NO3)2,0.720克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例11
催化剂为5%Ni-2%Re/H-ZSM-5。除了配置14ml含有1.557克Ni(NO3)2,0.288克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例12
催化剂为40%Ni-2%Re/H-ZSM-5。除了配置14ml含有12.457克Ni(NO3)2,0.288克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例13
催化剂为15%Ni-0.1%Re/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有4.672克Ni(NO3)2,0.014克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例14
催化剂为15%Ni-18%Re/H-Y。除了采用20-40目H-Y分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有4.672克Ni(NO3)2,2.593克NH4ReO4的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例15
催化剂为20%Cu-5%Mg/H-Y。除了采用20-40目H-Y分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有5.903克Cu(NO3)2,3.045克Mg(NO3)2的水溶液外,其他的制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例16
催化剂为20%Co-3%Fe/H-MOR。除了采用20-40目H-MOR分子筛替代H-ZSM-5分子筛,配置14ml含有6.212克Co(NO3)2,1.299克Fe(NO3)3的水溶液外,其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
上述方法制备的催化剂采用固定床反应器进行反应评价,反应温度为160℃,氢气压力8.0MPa,单乙醇胺液体体积空速为0.5h-1,NH3:MEA:H2=10:1:0.015(摩尔比),反应时间为50小时。取样分析,采用Agilent 7890气相色谱仪进行分析,色谱柱为DB-35毛细管色谱柱,检测器为氢火焰检测器。采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMFA)作为内标进行定量分析。反应结果汇总在表1。
表1中术语单乙醇胺(MEA)的转化率、乙二胺(EDA)、哌嗪(PIP)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、氨乙基哌嗪(AEP)、羟乙基哌嗪(HEP)和羟乙基乙二胺(AEEA)的选择性定义如下:
表1:临氢条件下单乙醇胺和氨转化为乙二胺和哌嗪的催化剂评价结果。
评价结果表明:主活性组分重量含量在10.0~25.0%范围内时,单乙醇胺的转化率较高;助剂重量含量在1.0~10.0%范围内时,单乙醇胺的转化率较高;金属Ni作为主活性组分或主活性组分中的一种时,催化剂具有较高活性;Re、B、Mg作为助剂或助剂中的一种时,催化剂具有较高活性;H-ZSM-5或H-Y分子筛作为载体时,对乙二胺和哌嗪具有较高的选择性;H-MOR分子筛作为载体时,对乙二胺具有较高的选择性;H-Y分子筛作为载体时,对哌嗪具有较高的选择性。
Claims (7)
1.一种催化剂,其中:
该催化剂包括主活性组分、助剂和载体,主活性组分的重量占催化剂重量的1.0~60.0%,优选10.0~25.0%;助剂的重量占催化剂重量的0.1~30.0%,优选1.0~10.0%:
主活性组分为过渡金属Ni、Cu或Co中的一种或二种以上,优选金属Ni;
助剂为Fe、Cr、Re、Ru、B、Mg中的一种或二种以上的金属或氧化物中的一种或二种以上,优选助剂Re、B、Mg;
载体为H-型分子筛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中,H-型分子筛包括H-ZSM-5、H-β、H-MOR或H-Y中的一种或二种以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其中,载体H-ZSM-5的比表面积为300~800m2/g,硅铝比为10.0~200.0;
载体H-β的比表面积为200~800m2/g,硅铝比为20.0~80.0;
载体H-MOR的比表面积为200~700m2/g,硅铝比为5.0~30.0;
载体H-Y的比表面积为300~1000m2/g,硅铝比为1.5~3.0。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的催化剂制备方法,采用沉淀法、浸渍法中的一种或两种的结合将活性组分及助剂负载在载体上。
5.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的催化剂在临氢条件下单乙醇胺和液氨合成乙二胺及哌嗪反应中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:反应温度120~240℃,氢气反应压力为6.0~12.0MPa,单乙醇胺液体体积空速为0.1~1.0h-1。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的应用,其中,反应器为固定床反应器,催化剂在应用前于氢气气氛下进行还原活化:压力为0.1~1.0MPa,温度为200~700℃,氢气空速为500~5000h-1。
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