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CN108048784B - 一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法 - Google Patents

一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法 Download PDF

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CN108048784B
CN108048784B CN201810008883.9A CN201810008883A CN108048784B CN 108048784 B CN108048784 B CN 108048784B CN 201810008883 A CN201810008883 A CN 201810008883A CN 108048784 B CN108048784 B CN 108048784B
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卢金斌
刘威
殷振
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Changzhou Chiyue New Materials Co.,Ltd.
Hefei Jiuzhou Longteng Scientific And Technological Achievement Transformation Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法，在铝合金表面采用等离子热喷涂在氮气、氢气保护下加热制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi预合金粉，经高温喷涂及快速冷却后形成耐磨涂层，并在喷涂过程中由活性元素Cr、Al等与等离子活化的N反应形成氮化物，该氮化物细小、弥散，最后与熔融高熵合金沉积在铝合金表面，形成了由氮化物增强的AlCoCrFeNi的高熵合金涂层。

Description

一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法
技术领域
本发明属于高能束表面处理领域，特别涉及采用等离子束合金化制备耐磨复合涂层的方法。
背景技术
铝合金因其密度小、强度高、加工性能好等性能得到广泛应用，成为应用最为广泛的有色合金，铝合金发展应用方面的研究也越来越多。但其硬度低、耐磨性差等缺点限制了其使用范围，采用热喷涂技术制备高硬度表面涂层是提高铝合金耐磨性的主要手段之一。高熵合金为由五个以上的元素组元按照等原子比或接近于等原子比合金化的合金，具有一些传统合金所无法比拟的优异机械性能，如高耐磨耐腐蚀性、高强度、高硬度、高韧性等，从而使其成为制作涂层的选择之一。高熵合金常含有一定的Al元素，因此对涂层成分不是特别敏感。等离子喷涂常采用Ar、N2或再添加部分H2气，以保护喷涂过程中避免熔融合金粉末氧化，在喷涂过程中因高温的电离作用使N气电离为活性的N原子，有利于与合金成分反应形成氮化物，本申请中通过添加一定的Cr、Al，不仅有利于形成高熵合金，而且能够利用喷涂过程中的Cr、Al与N发生氮化反应，形成细小的氮化物，有利于进一步提高涂层的硬度和耐磨性。
发明内容
高熵合金自身具有高强度和良好韧性，而且通过喷涂过程中氮气以电离作用可以使N活化，从而借助喷涂过程进一步反应形成弥散、细小的氮化物，能够制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层，以提高铝制工件的耐磨性，并且在涂层工件结合处少量Al的熔化，不仅有利于提高结合强度，而且也不至于影响涂层高熵合金的优良性能。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的制作方法包括下述工艺步骤：
步骤一、按一定比例经熔炼后雾化制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末，其中Al的质量含量为16~18%，Cr的质量含量为20~22%，Fe的质量含量为20~22%，Co的质量含量为20~22%，B的质量含量为3~4%，Si的质量含量为3~4%，其余为Ni元素；喷涂合金粉末经高温熔炼后采用惰性气雾化制备。粒度在10-40μm；
步骤二、选取待强化的铝合金工件表面，对工件表面清除油污，然后喷砂毛化处理，达到表面粗糙度均匀，无反光；最后采用外热方式对工件表面进行预热，预热温度控制在250~300℃；
步骤三、采用热喷涂的方式对工件表面预喷涂Ni-Al粘结层，粘结层厚度控制在30-100μm，所用Ni-Al合金粉末的粒度为80-240μm，其成分中含Al质量为8~20%，其余为Ni。
步骤四、采用等离子喷涂设备对工件表面进行热喷涂，冷却后即为耐磨涂层。其喷涂工艺：喷涂枪距工件距离为90-120mm，工作电流为500-700A，工作电压为50-70V，N2气速度为30-50 升/min，H2速度为5-10 升/min，送粉量为38±42g/min，冷却气压为0.3-0.5MPa，喷涂枪移动速度为30-80mm/s。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明的工艺方法采用高熵合金作为耐磨涂层的基体，能够充分利用其特有的扩散速度慢、对成分变化不敏感的特性，使涂层具有更高的韧性、强度和耐磨性。
（2）采用的N2一方面可以作为保护气，另一方面又利用其电离分解使N具有活性，在喷涂过程中与活性元素Cr、Al反应形成高硬度弥散的CrN、AlN，从而进一步提高涂层的耐磨性。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
步骤一、按一定比例熔炼后雾化制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末，其中Al的质量含量为16%，Cr的质量含量为20%，Fe的质量含量为20%，Co的质量含量为20%，B的质量含量为3%，Si的质量含量为3%，其余为Ni元素；喷涂合金粉末经高温熔炼后采用惰性气雾化，雾化气体采用惰性的Ar气，熔点在1250℃左右，气体压力大约为4~5MPa，气体流动率8m3/min，气体喷出喷嘴速率为120m/s，金属流动速率10kg/min，制得的预合金粉粒度在10-35μm。
步骤二、选取6061铝合金工件表面，对其表面清除油污，然后喷砂毛化处理，达到表面粗糙度均匀，无反光；最后采用外热方式对工件表面进行预热，预热温度控制在250~260℃。
步骤三、采用热喷涂的方式对工件表面预喷涂Ni-Al粘结层，粘结层厚度控制在40-90μm，所用Ni-Al合金粉末的粒度为80-240μm，其成分中含Al质量为20%，其余为Ni。
步骤四、采用等离子喷涂设备对工件表面进行热喷涂，冷却后即为耐磨涂层。其喷涂工艺：喷涂枪距工件距离为90mm，工作电流为500A，工作电压为50V，N2气速度为30 升/min，H2速度为5 升/min，送粉量为38g/min，冷却气压为0.3MPa，喷涂枪移动速度为30mm/s。
结果表明，在铝合金表面形成了由氮化物增强的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层，涂层基本无裂纹、无气孔，厚度为220μm。与基体形成了冶金结合，提高耐磨性5.7倍。
实施例2：
步骤一、按一定比例经熔炼后雾化制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末，其中Al的质量含量为18%，Cr的质量含量为22%，Fe的质量含量为22%，Co的质量含量为22%，B的质量含量为4%，Si的质量含量为4%，其余为Ni元素；喷涂合金粉末经高温熔炼后采用惰性气雾化，雾化气体采用惰性的Ar气，熔点在1250℃左右，气体压力大约为4~5MPa，气体流动率8m3/min，气体喷出喷嘴速率为120m/s，金属流动速率10kg/min，制得的预合金粉粒度在10-40μm。
步骤二、选取5052铝合金工件表面，对其表面清除油污，然后喷砂毛化处理，达到表面粗糙度均匀，无反光；最后采用外热方式对工件表面进行预热，预热温度控制在290~300℃。
步骤三、采用热喷涂的方式对工件表面预喷涂Ni-Al粘结层，粘结层厚度控制在30-100μm，所用Ni-Al合金粉末的粒度为80-240μm，其成分中含Al质量为10%，其余为Ni。
步骤四、采用等离子喷涂设备对工件表面进行热喷涂，冷却后即为耐磨涂层。其喷涂工艺：喷涂枪距工件距离为120mm，工作电流为700A，工作电压为70V，N2气速度为50 升/min，H2速度为10 升/min，送粉量为42g/min，冷却气压为0.5MPa，喷涂枪移动速度为80mm/s。
结果表明，在铝合金表面形成了由氮化物增强的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层，涂层基本无裂纹、无气孔，厚度为230μm。与基体形成了冶金结合，提高耐磨性5.6倍。
实施例3：
步骤一、按一定比例经熔炼后雾化制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末，其中Al的质量含量为17%，Cr的质量含量为21%，Fe的质量含量为21%，Co的质量含量为21%，B的质量含量为4%，Si的质量含量为3%，其余为Ni元素；喷涂合金粉末经高温熔炼后采用惰性气雾化，雾化气体采用惰性的Ar气，熔点在1260℃左右，气体压力大约为4~5MPa，气体流动率8m3/min，气体喷出喷嘴速率为120m/s，金属流动速率8kg/min，制得的预合金粉粒度在20-30μm。
步骤二、选取5083铝合金工件表面，对其表面清除油污，然后喷砂毛化处理，达到表面粗糙度均匀，无反光；最后采用外热方式对工件表面进行预热，预热温度控制在280℃。
步骤三、采用热喷涂的方式对工件表面预喷涂Ni-Al粘结层，粘结层厚度控制在30-70μm，所用Ni-Al合金粉末的粒度为80-240μm，其成分中含Al质量为15%，其余为Ni。
步骤四、采用等离子喷涂设备对工件表面进行热喷涂，冷却后即为耐磨涂层。其喷涂工艺：喷涂枪距工件距离为110mm，工作电流为600A，工作电压为60V，N2气速度为40 升/min，H2速度为8 升/min，送粉量为40g/min，冷却气压为0.4MPa，喷涂枪移动速度为50mm/s。
结果表明，在铝合金表面形成了由氮化物、硼化物增强的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层，涂层基本无裂纹、无气孔，厚度为240μm。由于Al合金熔点较低，少量熔化与基体形成了冶金结合，提高耐磨性5.2倍。

Claims (2)

1.一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述的方法包括下述工艺步骤：
步骤一、按一定比例经熔炼后雾化制备AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末，其中AlCoCrFeNiBSi合金粉末中，Al的质量含量为16~18%，Cr的质量含量为20~22%，Fe的质量含量为20~22%，Co的质量含量为20~22%，B的质量含量为3~4%，Si的质量含量为3~4%，其余为Ni元素；经高温熔炼后采用惰性气雾化或水雾化制备，粒度在10-40μm；
步骤二、选取将要强化的铝合金工件表面，对工件表面清除油污，然后喷砂毛化处理，达到表面粗糙度均匀，无反光；最后采用外热方式对工件表面进行预热，预热温度控制在250~300℃；
步骤三、采用热喷涂的方式对工件表面预喷涂Ni-Al粘结层，粘结层厚度控制在30-100μm；
步骤四、采用等离子喷涂设备对工件表面进行热喷涂，喷涂工艺参数为：喷涂枪距工件距离：90-120mm，工作电流：500-700A，工作电压：50-70V，N2 气速度：30-50 L/min，H2 气 速度：5-10 L/min，送粉量：38±42g/min，冷却气压：0.3-0.5MPa，喷涂枪移动速度：30-80mm/s，冷却后即为耐磨涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子热喷涂制备氮化物增强高熵合金涂层的方法，其特征在于所述的Ni-Al粘结层，所用Ni-Al合金粉末的粒度为80-240μm，其成分中含Al的质量为8~20%，其余为Ni。
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CN108677129A (zh) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-19 扬州大学 一种FeCoNiCrSiAl高熵合金涂层及其制备方法
CN111593248A (zh) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-28 中国科学院理化技术研究所 高熵合金及其制备、包括该合金的涂层及制备
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CN112593182B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2023-07-04 沈阳大学 一种热喷涂制备氮化硼耐磨涂层的方法
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