CN108022707A - A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets - Google Patents
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets Download PDFInfo
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- CN108022707A CN108022707A CN201610962511.0A CN201610962511A CN108022707A CN 108022707 A CN108022707 A CN 108022707A CN 201610962511 A CN201610962511 A CN 201610962511A CN 108022707 A CN108022707 A CN 108022707A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal deformation or the heat treatment process of reverse extrusion Nd Fe B magnets, comprise the following steps：(1) magnet powder is prepared into isotropic Nd Fe B magnets with small grains using hot pressing sintering method；(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology or reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd Fe B magnets；(3) to carrying out high temperature, short time heat treatment with anisotropic Nd Fe B magnets.Compared with prior art, the present invention can individually improve the remanent magnetization of magnet using different heat treatment temperature and ageing, can also individually improve the coercivity of magnet, can also realize remanent magnetization and coercitive raising at the same time.After applying the present invention, thermal deformation or the reversely magnetic property of extrusion magnet on the one hand can be effectively improved, on the other hand, the high temperature, short time heat treatment process of use is easy to operate, and the process time is short, can greatly improve production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of magnetic material, it is related to the heat treatment process of the nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B of anisotropy, especially
It is related to a kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Background technology
Rare-earth iron series permanent-magnet material experienced great development since last century comes out, through being developed into neodymium iron boron
For the third generation permanent-magnet material of representative, its with magnetic property it is high, using the wide, series of advantages such as development is fast.
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet mainly includes Sintered NdFeB magnet, Agglutinate neodymium-iron-boron magnet and thermal deformation or reversely extrudes neodymium
Iron boron magnet.Wherein Agglutinate neodymium-iron-boron magnet content of rare earth is relatively low, its outstanding advantages is that dimensional accuracy is high, indeformable, without two
Secondary processing, easy to produce in enormous quantities.Cause magnetic property relatively low the drawback is that content of rare earth is low, be difficult to apply at relatively high temperatures.
Sintered NdFeB magnet produces superior magnetic property because it contains a certain amount of heavy rare earth element, is that yield is most so far
High, most widely used permanent magnet.But rising steadily recently as rare earth price, particularly heavy rare earth element dysprosium (Dy),
The price per kilogram price of terbium (Tb) reaches members up to ten thousand, this directly results in the increase of sintered magnet cost.Thermal deformation is reverse
Extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets remain to keep higher coercivity in the case of without dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb), compared to sintered magnet
With lower price.In addition, heat distortion magnet and reverse extrusion magnet have nanocrystalline structure, the refinement of crystal grain contributes into
The reduction of type pressure and coercitive raising are, it can be achieved that near-net-shape.
For a long time, generally believe that nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets crystal grain is tiny with domestic pharmaceutical industry in the world, in certain temperature
Lower heat treatment, easily induces crystal grain and grows up, cause magnet performance to decline, and the heat treatment process under low temperature is to deforming magnet performance
It is almost no impact, therefore uses heat treatment process to improve heat distortion magnet or the reverse research for extruding magnet performance always not
It can obtain effectively progressive.As in the market extrudes the application field of magnet to thermal deformation or reversely in recent years and demand constantly expands
Greatly, require magnet that there is more excellent magnetic property such as coercivity, remanent magnetization from performance.In recent years, grain boundary decision
Become and improve hot pressing or the coercitive important method of heat distortion magnet, however, since largely permeating for non magnetic Grain-Boundary Phase is past
Toward the remanent magnetization degradation for causing to deform magnet, meanwhile, grain boundary diffusion process has in actual operating process
Certain complexity, causes it to be difficult to be widely used in actual production.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind is efficient, technique is steady
Fixed, reliable in quality thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets.The present invention using the heat of high temperature-in short-term at
Science and engineering skill come improve thermal deformation or reversely extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets coercivity and remanent magnetization.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) magnet powder is prepared into isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets with small grains using hot pressing sintering method；
(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology or reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；
(3) to carrying out high temperature-be heat-treated in short-term with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Preferably, used when being prepared into isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets with small grains in above-mentioned steps (1)
Powder can be single Nd-Fe-B fast quenchings powder or Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys.
In Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys, the mass fraction of other alloys is 2%-30%,
Other described alloys include Nd-Cu, Nd-Cu-X1, Nd-Zn, Nd-Zn-X2, Nd-Dy, Nd-Dy-X3, Nd-Al,
Nd-Al-X4, Pr-Cu, Pr-Zn, Ce-Cu, Ce-Al or Ce-Pr-X5 alloy；
X1=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn, X2=Ga, Al, Co or Pr, X3=Ga, Al, Co, Cu, Pr or Zn, X4=Pr,
Cu, Co, Ga or Zn, X5=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn.
Preferably, the fusing point of powder should height after the Nd-Fe-B powder in step (1) or Nd-Fe-B are mixed with other alloys
Heat distortion temperature in step (2), but the heat treatment temperature that should be less than in step (3).
Preferably, when the hot pressing sintering method in step (1) is sintered, temperature is 600 DEG C -750 DEG C, and hot pressing pressure is
50-350MPa, vacuum 10-1-10-4Pa, sintering time 3-30min.
Preferably, the operating condition of the thermal deformation technology in step (2) is：650 DEG C -850 DEG C of temperature, thermal deformation speed
10-1- 10mm/min, vacuum 10-1-10-4Pa, thermal deformation degree 55-80%.
Preferably, the operating condition of reverse extruding technology is in step (2)：Nd-Fe-B magnets in 600-750 DEG C of hot pressing,
750-900 DEG C is reversely extruded, so as to obtain toroidal magnet, its deformation mechanism is consistent with heat distortion magnet, in the industrial production extensively
General application, and thermal deformation technology is positive deformation, mainly research uses in the lab.
Preferably, the high temperature described in above-mentioned steps (3) is usually between 750 DEG C -900 DEG C, described in short-term mainly 2
Between minute to 150 minutes.
The preferred scope of heat treatment temperature is related to heat distortion temperature, usually 25-250 DEG C higher than heat distortion temperature, the time
Preferably 3-60min.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature of the high temperature in above-mentioned steps (3)-in short-term need to be higher than the heat distortion temperature in step (2).
Preferably, the sample in above-mentioned steps (3) can heat up with stove, can also will be managed after temperature reaches design temperature
The device equipped with sample such as formula stove is integrally put into furnace chamber.
Preferably, after the completion of the heat treatment process of the high temperature described in above-mentioned steps (3)-in short-term can furnace cooling, also can be
High vacuum or rare gas or the lower quick cooling of other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection.
Preferably, the heat treatment process of the high temperature described in above-mentioned steps (3)-in short-term is mainly in high vacuum or rare gas
Or the lower progress of other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Between Pa.
Compared with prior art, the high temperature that the present invention uses under certain condition-heat treatment process can be effective in short-term
Improve magnet magnetic property.The remanent magnetization of magnet can be individually improved using different heat treatment temperature and ageing,
The coercivity of magnet can also be individually improved, can also realize remanent magnetization and coercitive raising at the same time.Using this hair
After bright, thermal deformation or the reversely magnetic property of extrusion magnet on the one hand can be effectively improved, on the other hand, the high temperature of use-in short-term
Heat treatment process is easy to operate, and the process time is short, can greatly improve production efficiency.In addition, the process of the present invention uses
Existing equipment or common Equipment for Heating Processing such as vacuum tube furnace can be implemented, it is not necessary to increase new equipment, hardly increase
It is heat-treated cost.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Weighing 7.7g MQU-F Nd-Fe-B powder, (powder is that one kind of Tianjin Magnequench company production is adapted to do heat
The commercialization powder of pressure sintering thermal deformation), there is good microstructure, be adapted to be used as thermal deformation or reversely extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets
Preparation.The preservation of raw material is typically Vacuum Package.
Be 10mm by powder addition internal diameter, in the sintered-carbide die of high 50mm, the diameter and length of upper push-down head are distinguished
For 9.8mm and 40mm, the former that will be assembled, pressure head and base are positioned in vacuum hotpressing stove, treat that vacuum reaches in furnace chamber
To 10-3Hot pressed sintering, on-load pressure 300MPa are carried out when Pa and temperature reach 600 DEG C to powder, sintering time is 20 minutes.
After the completion for the treatment of hot pressed sintering, sample furnace cooling, sintered sample is demoulded take out after sample is cooled to room temperature.Obtain high
14mm, the hot pressed samples of a diameter of 9.8mm.
It is 25mm that hot pressed samples are placed in internal diameter, in the former of high 30mm, and the matching used upper and lower pressure bar diameter of former
It is 24.8mm, length is 35mm.The mould assembled is placed in vacuum hotpressing stove, treats that vacuum reaches 10-3Pa, temperature
Thermal deformation is carried out to hot pressed samples after reaching 675 DEG C, thermal deformation speed is 0.1mm/min.Treat that height of specimen declines and reach 72%
Afterwards, thermal deformation work is completed.Sample is taken out after furnace temperature is cooled to room temperature.
After having cleared up sample surfaces, several bulk 2*2* are cut at the same concentric circles position of sample using line cutting technology
3.5mm3Sample.Cut using at same concentric circles position primarily to ensureing the uniformity of properties of sample.By well cutting
Sample, which is respectively placed in tube furnace, carries out vacuum heat, and heat treatment temperature is respectively 750 DEG C, 800 DEG C, 850 DEG C and 900 DEG C,
It is heat-treated duration 15 minutes.Tube furnace is placed in air after heat treatment and is cooled down rapidly, after tube furnace is cooled to room temperature
Sample is taken out and surface is polished clean.
The sample being heat-treated under heat-altered morphology sample and different temperatures is completed into magnetic on comprehensive physical property measuring instrument (PPMS)
Performance test.Test result is found, is compared with heat-altered morphology properties of sample, and magnet coercivity improves 0.2T after 750 DEG C of processing,
Remanent magnetization also has to be improved by a small margin, and sample coercivity and remanent magnetization are improved after 800 DEG C of processing,
Wherein remanent magnetization improves 0.04T, and coercivity improves 0.2T, and maximum magnetic energy product improves 20kJ/m3, at 900 DEG C
Reason sample remanent magnetization is increased substantially, and improves 0.07T, but growing up due to crystal particle scale causes coercivity to decline
It is more serious.
Embodiment 2
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) single Nd-Fe-B fast quenchings powder is prepared into the isotropism with small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 600 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 50MPa, vacuum 10-1Pa,
Sintering time is 30min.
(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The operating condition of thermal deformation technology
For：650 DEG C of temperature, thermal deformation speed 10-1Mm/min, vacuum 10-1Pa, thermal deformation degree 55%.
(3) to being heat-treated 3min at 750 DEG C DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can also be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.At the heat of high temperature-in short-term
After the completion of science and engineering skill can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under fast quickly cooling
But.When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa
Between.
Embodiment 3
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) single Nd-Fe-B fast quenchings powder is prepared into the isotropism with small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 700 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 150MPa, vacuum 10- 2Pa, sintering time 10min.
(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The operating condition of thermal deformation technology
For：650 DEG C of temperature, thermal deformation speed 1mm/min, vacuum 10-2Pa, thermal deformation degree 70%.
(3) to being heat-treated 10min at 7900 DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can also be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.At the heat of high temperature-in short-term
After the completion of science and engineering skill can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under fast quickly cooling
But.When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa
Between.
Embodiment 4
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) single Nd-Fe-B fast quenchings powder is prepared into the isotropism with small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 750 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 350MPa, vacuum 10- 4Pa, sintering time 30min.
(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The operating condition of thermal deformation technology
For：700 DEG C of temperature, thermal deformation speed 10mm/min, vacuum 10-4Pa, thermal deformation degree 80%.
(3) to being heat-treated 3min at 900 DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.High temperature-be heat-treated in short-term
After the completion of technique can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under quickly cool down.
When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa it
Between.
Embodiment 5
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys are prepared into small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 600 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 50MPa, vacuum
For 10-1Pa, sintering time 30min.
(2) being prepared using reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The behaviour of reverse extruding technology
It is as condition：Nd-Fe-B magnets are in 650 DEG C of hot pressing, and 750 DEG C are reversely extruded, so as to obtain toroidal magnet.
(3) to being heat-treated 3min at 750 DEG C DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can also be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.At the heat of high temperature-in short-term
After the completion of science and engineering skill can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under fast quickly cooling
But.When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa
Between.
In Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys, the mass fraction of other alloys is 2%, other alloys include
Nd-Cu,Nd-Cu-X1,Nd-Zn,Nd-Zn-X2,Nd-Dy,Nd-Dy-X3,Nd-Al,Nd-Al-X4,Pr-Cu,Pr-Zn,Ce-
Cu, Ce-Al or Ce-Pr-X5 alloy；X1=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn, X2=Ga, Al, Co or Pr, X3=Ga, Al, Co, Cu,
Pr or Zn, X4=Pr, Cu, Co, Ga or Zn, X5=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn.
Embodiment 6
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys are prepared into small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 700 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 150MPa, vacuum
Spend for 10-2Pa, sintering time 10min.
(2) being prepared using reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The behaviour of reverse extruding technology
It is as condition：Nd-Fe-B magnets are in 700 DEG C of hot pressing, and 800 DEG C are reversely extruded, so as to obtain toroidal magnet.
(3) to being heat-treated 10min at 7900 DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can also be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.At the heat of high temperature-in short-term
After the completion of science and engineering skill can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under fast quickly cooling
But.When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa
Between.
In Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys, the mass fraction of other alloys is 10%, other alloys include
Nd-Cu,Nd-Cu-X1,Nd-Zn,Nd-Zn-X2,Nd-Dy,Nd-Dy-X3,Nd-Al,Nd-Al-X4,Pr-Cu,Pr-Zn,Ce-
Cu, Ce-Al or Ce-Pr-X5 alloy；X1=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn, X2=Ga, Al, Co or Pr, X3=Ga, Al, Co, Cu,
Pr or Zn, X4=Pr, Cu, Co, Ga or Zn, X5=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn.
Embodiment 7
A kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, comprise the following steps：
(1) Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys are prepared into small grains using hot pressing sintering method
Isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；When hot pressing sintering method is sintered, temperature is 750 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 350MPa, vacuum
Spend for 10-4Pa, sintering time 30min.
(2) being prepared using reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；The behaviour of reverse extruding technology
It is as condition：Nd-Fe-B magnets are in 750 DEG C of hot pressing, and 900 DEG C are reversely extruded, so as to obtain toroidal magnet.
(3) to being heat-treated 3min at 900 DEG C with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.Sample can heat up with stove,
The device equipped with sample such as tube furnace can be integrally put into furnace chamber after temperature reaches design temperature.High temperature-be heat-treated in short-term
After the completion of technique can furnace cooling, also can high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres protection under quickly cool down.
When being carried out under high vacuum or rare gas or the protection of other non-oxidizing atmospheres, vacuum is usually 10-1Pa-10-5Pa it
Between.
In Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys, the mass fraction of other alloys is 30%, other described conjunctions
Gold includes Nd-Cu, Nd-Cu-X1, Nd-Zn, Nd-Zn-X2, Nd-Dy, Nd-Dy-X3, Nd-Al, Nd-Al-X4, Pr-Cu, Pr-
Zn, Ce-Cu, Ce-Al or Ce-Pr-X5 alloy；X1=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn, X2=Ga, Al, Co or Pr, X3=Ga, Al,
Co, Cu, Pr or Zn, X4=Pr, Cu, Co, Ga or Zn, X5=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and using invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make these embodiments various modifications, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiment without by performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability
Field technique personnel disclose according to the present invention, do not depart from improvement that scope made and modification all should be the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of thermal deformation or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) magnet powder is prepared into isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets with small grains using hot pressing sintering method；
(2) being prepared using thermal deformation technology or reverse extrusion technology has anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets；
(3) to carrying out high temperature-be heat-treated in short-term with anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets.
2. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
In the magnet powder described in step (1) includes Melt-Spun Nd-Fe-B Powders, or Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys
End；
In Nd-Fe-B and the mixed powder of other alloys, the mass fraction of other alloys is 2%-30%,
Other described alloys include Nd-Cu, Nd-Cu-X1, Nd-Zn, Nd-Zn-X2, Nd-Dy, Nd-Dy-X3, Nd-Al, Nd-
Al-X4, Pr-Cu, Pr-Zn, Ce-Cu, Ce-Al or Ce-Pr-X5 alloy；
X1=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn, X2=Ga, Al, Co or Pr, X3=Ga, Al, Co, Cu, Pr or Zn, X4=Pr, Cu, Co,
Ga or Zn, X5=Ga, Al, Co, Pr or Zn.
3. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
In, the fusing point of the magnet powder in step (1) is higher than the heat distortion temperature in step (2), but less than the heat treatment in step (3)
Temperature.
4. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
In when the hot pressing sintering method in step (1) is sintered, temperature is 600 DEG C -750 DEG C, hot pressing pressure 50-350MPa, vacuum
Spend for 10-1-10-4Pa, sintering time 3-30min.
5. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
In the operating condition of the thermal deformation technology in step (2) is：650 DEG C -850 DEG C of temperature, thermal deformation speed 10-1- 10mm/min,
Vacuum 10-1-10-4Pa, thermal deformation degree 55-80%.
6. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
In the operating condition of reverse extruding technology is in step (2)：Nd-Fe-B magnets are in 600-750 DEG C of hot pressing, and 750-900 DEG C reversely
Extrusion.
7. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
It is in the heat treatment condition of, high temperature described in step (3)-in short-term：At a temperature of between 750 DEG C -900 DEG C, it is heat-treated at 2 points
Clock was to 150 minutes.
8. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
When carrying out high temperature-be heat-treated in short-term in, step (3), there is anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets sample to heat up with stove, or, treat
Temperature reaches integrally is put into furnace chamber after design temperature by the device equipped with sample.
9. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 1 or the heat treatment process for reversely extruding Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature exist
The furnace cooling after the completion of the heat treatment process of, high temperature described in step (3)-in short-term, or, high vacuum or rare gas or its
The lower quick cooling of his non-oxidizing atmosphere protection.
10. a kind of thermal deformation according to claim 9 or the reversely heat treatment process of extrusion Nd-Fe-B magnets, its feature
It is, the heat treatment process of the high temperature described in step (3)-in short-term is protected in high vacuum or rare gas or other non-oxidizing atmospheres
When quickly being cooled down under shield, vacuum is 10-1Pa-10-5Between Pa.
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| CN111326336A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of oscillation type thermal deformation and permeation integrated high-coercivity rare earth permanent magnet |
| CN113035557A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-25 | 清华大学 | Neodymium-iron-boron magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN113620701A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-11-09 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | Preparation method of superfine-crystal high-temperature-resistant high-frequency manganese-zinc ferrite |
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