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CN107991563B - Wind-solar complementary simulation experiment device for power supply and distribution and grid-connected experiment and working method - Google Patents

Wind-solar complementary simulation experiment device for power supply and distribution and grid-connected experiment and working method Download PDF

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CN107991563B
CN107991563B CN201711245009.9A CN201711245009A CN107991563B CN 107991563 B CN107991563 B CN 107991563B CN 201711245009 A CN201711245009 A CN 201711245009A CN 107991563 B CN107991563 B CN 107991563B
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傅建钢
何智频
俞杭科
郑晔
蒋柯青
梅青
斯旭锋
吴洋
赵天剑
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State Grid Zhejiang Zhuji Power Supply Co ltd
Zhuji Dongbai Electric Power Installation Engineering Co ltd
Shaoxing Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种供配电、并网实验的风光互补仿真实验装置及工作方法，包括：光伏发电实验单元、风力发电实验单元，以及与所述蓄电池相连的离网逆变模块；所述光伏发电实验单元包括：光伏并网逆变模块、直流开关模块、光伏组件模块；所述风力发电实验单元包括：风力发电机模块、主变压器模块、滤波补偿装置模块；所述各模块分别通过插接实验导线相连；本发明通过所包含的光伏发电实验单元、风力发电实验单元以完成光伏和风能并网实验。

Figure 201711245009

The invention relates to a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device and a working method for power supply, distribution and grid-connected experiments, comprising: a photovoltaic power generation experimental unit, a wind power generation experimental unit, and an off-grid inverter module connected to the storage battery; The power generation experimental unit includes: a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module, a DC switch module, and a photovoltaic module module; the wind power generation experimental unit includes: a wind turbine module, a main transformer module, and a filter compensation device module; the modules are respectively connected by plugging The experimental wires are connected; the present invention completes the photovoltaic and wind energy grid-connected experiments through the included photovoltaic power generation experimental unit and wind power generation experimental unit.

Figure 201711245009

Description

供配电、并网实验的风光互补仿真实验装置及工作方法Wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device and working method for power supply and distribution and grid-connected experiments

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种供配电实验系统，尤其涉及一种用于供配电、并网实验的风光互补仿真实验装置的工作方法，建立起具有一定容量的以新能源为代表的供配电实验系统的工作方法。The invention relates to a power supply and distribution experiment system, in particular to a working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device used for power supply and distribution and grid-connected experiments, and establishes a power supply and distribution experiment represented by new energy with a certain capacity. How the system works.

背景技术Background technique

利用太阳能发电有两种类型：一类是太阳光发电（亦称太阳能光发电），另一类是太阳热发电（亦称太阳能热发电）。由于太阳能光发电的利用率高，经济实用，被大量的推广使用。太阳能光发电是将太阳能直接转变成电能的一种发电方式。它包括光伏发电、光化学发电、光感应发电和光生物发电四种形式，其中，现阶段技术相对成熟，利用较多的是太阳能光伏发电。而风力发电的原理，是利用风力带动风车叶片旋转，再透过增速机将旋转的速度提升，来促使发电机发电。其本质是将风的动能转变成机械动能，再将机械动能转换成电能。There are two types of solar power generation: one is solar power generation (also known as solar photovoltaic power generation), and the other is solar thermal power generation (also known as solar thermal power generation). Due to the high utilization rate of solar photovoltaic power generation, economical and practical, it has been widely used. Solar photovoltaic power generation is a power generation method that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. It includes four forms of photovoltaic power generation, photochemical power generation, light induction power generation and photobiological power generation. Among them, the technology is relatively mature at this stage, and solar photovoltaic power generation is used more. The principle of wind power generation is to use the wind to drive the blades of the windmill to rotate, and then increase the speed of rotation through the speed increaser to promote the generator to generate electricity. Its essence is to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical kinetic energy, and then convert the mechanical kinetic energy into electrical energy.

然而尽管风能，太阳能存在着以上许多优点，但是我们仍然不能忽视它们自身的缺点。它们不仅都是一种能量密度很低的能源，而且 都会随着天气与气候的变化而变化，即也是一种能量稳定性差的能源。这些弊端给它们的推广应用带来了难题。因而为了建立起更加稳定可靠，经济合理的能源系统，我们需要充分利用风能与太阳能在多方面的互补性，将风能和太阳能综合利用起来。However, although wind energy and solar energy have many advantages above, we still cannot ignore their own shortcomings. They are not only an energy source with very low energy density, but also change with the change of weather and climate, that is, an energy source with poor energy stability. These drawbacks bring difficulties to their promotion and application. Therefore, in order to establish a more stable, reliable, economical and reasonable energy system, we need to make full use of the complementarity of wind energy and solar energy in many aspects, and make comprehensive use of wind energy and solar energy.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是提供一种风光互补仿真实验装置的工作方法，其满足对太阳能和风能并网实验的需要。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device, which satisfies the needs of solar and wind energy grid-connected experiments.

为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种风光互补仿真实验装置的工作方法，其中，所述风光互补仿真实验装置包括：光伏发电实验单元、风力发电实验单元，以及与所述蓄电池相连的离网逆变模块；所述光伏发电实验单元包括：光伏并网逆变模块、直流开关模块、光伏组件模块；所述风力发电实验单元包括：风力发电机模块、主变压器模块、滤波补偿装置模块；所述工作方法包括：实验时，将各导线分别插接各模块附近的输入输出孔以使相应模块的输入、输出端相连。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device, wherein the wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device includes: a photovoltaic power generation experimental unit, a wind power generation experimental unit, and an isolated battery connected to the battery. A grid inverter module; the photovoltaic power generation experimental unit includes: a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module, a DC switch module, and a photovoltaic module module; the wind power generation experimental unit includes: a wind turbine module, a main transformer module, and a filter compensation device module; The working method includes: during the experiment, each wire is respectively inserted into the input and output holes near each module to connect the input and output ends of the corresponding module.

进一步，所述风光互补仿真实验装置还包括：用于进行电容在线检测实验的电容测试单元，所述电容测试单元的工作方法包括如下步骤：Further, the wind-solar hybrid simulation experiment device further includes: a capacitance testing unit for conducting an online capacitance detection experiment, and a working method of the capacitance testing unit includes the following steps:

步骤一：采集被测电容两端的电压向量，并将该电压向量分解出基波电压

Figure 22579DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 674141DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，即，所述被测电容两端的叠加电压
Figure 250615DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，即
Figure 380245DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，计算该叠加电压的有效值U，基波电压的有效值U 0。Step 1: Collect the voltage vector across the capacitor under test, and decompose the voltage vector into the fundamental voltage
Figure 22579DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 674141DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, that is, the superimposed voltage across the measured capacitor
Figure 250615DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
,Right now
Figure 380245DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, calculate the effective value U of the superimposed voltage and the effective value U 0 of the fundamental voltage.

步骤二：建立电容声压级数据库，该数据库中包括：各类型电容在仅有基波电压的有效值所分别对应的电容声压级。Step 2: Establishing a capacitor sound pressure level database, the database includes: capacitor sound pressure levels corresponding to each type of capacitors with only the effective value of the fundamental wave voltage.

预设被测电容类型、额定电容量C 0，根据被测电容类型及当前基波电压的有效值U 0从所述电容声压级数据库获得相应电容声压级

Figure 866722DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
。Preset the measured capacitor type and rated capacitance C 0 , and obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level from the capacitor sound pressure level database according to the measured capacitor type and the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental wave voltage
Figure 866722DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
.

采集被测电容产生的声音信号，以获得相应电容声压级

Figure 423605DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，通过公式
Figure 487376DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
，计算出被测电容的实际电容量C x 。Collect the sound signal generated by the measured capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 423605DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, by the formula
Figure 487376DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, and calculate the actual capacitance C x of the measured capacitor.

步骤三：根据被测电容的实际电容量C x 和叠加电压的有效值U建立电容量预估公式，即

Figure 420697DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；其中，C为被测电容损坏时的极限电容值，t为电容损坏预期时间，k为单位时间内被测电容在当前基波电压的有效值U0下对应的电容量变化系数，即，
Figure 8017DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，其中，C x1和C x2为单位时间内被测电容的电容量初值和终值。Step 3: Establish a capacitance prediction formula according to the actual capacitance C x of the measured capacitor and the effective value U of the superimposed voltage, namely
Figure 420697DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
; Among them, C is the limit capacitance value when the capacitor under test is damaged, t is the expected time of capacitor damage, and k is the capacitance variation coefficient of the capacitor under test under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage per unit time, that is,
Figure 8017DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
, where C x 1 and C x 2 are the initial and final values of the capacitance of the measured capacitor in unit time.

设定所述极限电容值C，通过所述电容量预估公式推导出电容损坏预期时间t的计算公式，即

Figure 735802DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，以计算出被测电容发生损坏的预期时间。The limit capacitance value C is set, and the calculation formula for the expected time t of capacitor damage is deduced through the capacitance estimation formula, that is,
Figure 735802DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
, to calculate the expected time for damage to the capacitor under test.

进一步，所述叠加电压的有效值U通过基波电压

Figure 286869DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 758301DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
的有效值平方和的平方根值获得。Further, the effective value U of the superimposed voltage passes through the fundamental voltage
Figure 286869DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 758301DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The square root value of the rms sum of squares is obtained.

进一步，所述n次谐波电压分量

Figure 281687DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
中n取5。Further, the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 281687DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In n, take 5.

本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：（1）本发明通过所包含的光伏发电实验单元、风力发电实验单元以完成光伏和风能并网实验；（2）本发明把超声波传感器和高频电流传感器结合起来，实现了无需关闭电源的在线检测；（3）本发明通过超声波传感器采集被测电容产生的电容声压级

Figure 383635DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
；高频电流传感器采集电容两端的电压值，建立电容量预估公式，利用该公式对被测电容的寿命进行预测，比传统的仅仅检测当前电容实际电容量来判断电容寿命更加具有前瞻性，并且通过该实验装置可以开设电力电子技术课程，对电力电容的评估具有参考价值。Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) the present invention completes the photovoltaic and wind energy grid-connected experiments through the included photovoltaic power generation experimental unit and wind power generation experimental unit; (2) the present invention integrates the ultrasonic sensor Combined with the high-frequency current sensor, the on-line detection without turning off the power supply is realized; (3) the invention collects the capacitance sound pressure level generated by the measured capacitance through the ultrasonic sensor
Figure 383635DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The high-frequency current sensor collects the voltage value at both ends of the capacitor, establishes a capacitance prediction formula, and uses this formula to predict the life of the capacitor under test, which is more forward-looking than the traditional method that only detects the actual capacitance of the current capacitor to determine the life of the capacitor. And through this experimental device, power electronic technology courses can be set up, which has reference value for the evaluation of power capacitors.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand clearly, the present invention will be described in further detail below according to specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

图1风光互补仿真实验装置的结构框图；Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device;

图2电容测试单元的原理框图；The principle block diagram of the capacitance test unit in Fig. 2;

图3为电容测试单元的工作方法的流程图。FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the working method of the capacitance testing unit.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

如图1所示，一种风光互补仿真实验装置的工作方法，其中，风光互补仿真实验装置包括：光伏发电实验单元、风力发电实验单元，以及与所述蓄电池相连的离网逆变模块；所述光伏发电实验单元包括：光伏并网逆变模块、直流开关模块、光伏组件模块；所述风力发电实验单元包括：风力发电机模块、主变压器模块、滤波补偿装置模块；所述工作方法包括：实验时，将各导线分别插接各模块附近的输入输出孔以使相应模块的输入、输出端相连。As shown in Figure 1, a working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device, wherein the wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device includes: a photovoltaic power generation experimental unit, a wind power generation experimental unit, and an off-grid inverter module connected to the battery; The photovoltaic power generation experimental unit includes: a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module, a DC switch module, and a photovoltaic component module; the wind power generation experimental unit includes: a wind turbine module, a main transformer module, and a filter compensation device module; The working method includes: During the experiment, each wire was inserted into the input and output holes near each module to connect the input and output terminals of the corresponding module.

所述相应模块指的是一个实验单元中的各模块按照实验要求进行连接，即，光伏组件模块的输出孔连接直流开关模块的输入孔，该直流开关模块的输出孔连接光伏并网逆变模块的输入孔。The corresponding module refers to that each module in an experimental unit is connected according to the experimental requirements, that is, the output hole of the photovoltaic module module is connected to the input hole of the DC switch module, and the output hole of the DC switch module is connected to the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module. input hole.

所述光伏并网逆变模块、直流开关模块、主变压器模块、滤波补偿装置模块、离网逆变模块分别位于实验基板上，各模块两侧分别设有输入输出孔，该接口适于插接实验导线构建实验电路。The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module, DC switch module, main transformer module, filter compensation device module, and off-grid inverter module are respectively located on the experimental substrate, and input and output holes are respectively provided on both sides of each module, and the interface is suitable for plugging. Experiment leads to construct an experimental circuit.

上述各模块均为现有技术中以公开的电路模块，其用于让学生完成实验接线，以及测量必要数据所用。学生可以根据课程要求，进行相应连线，提高学生的动手能力。The above modules are all circuit modules disclosed in the prior art, which are used for students to complete experimental wiring and measure necessary data. Students can make corresponding connections according to course requirements to improve students' hands-on ability.

实施例2Example 2

如图2所示，在实施例1基础上的所述风光互补仿真实验装置还包括：用于进行电容在线检测实验的电容测试单元，该电容测试单元包括：As shown in FIG. 2 , the wind-solar hybrid simulation experiment device based on Embodiment 1 further includes: a capacitance testing unit for conducting an online capacitance detection experiment, and the capacitance testing unit includes:

超声波传感器，用于采集被测电容产生的声音信号，以获得相应电容声压级

Figure 359681DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
。Ultrasonic sensor, used to collect the sound signal generated by the measured capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 359681DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
.

高频电流传感器，用于采集电容两端的电压向量。High-frequency current sensor for collecting the voltage vector across the capacitor.

所述超声波传感器、高频电流传感器分别通过相应数据调理单元与数据处理控制单元相连；即，超声波传感器、高频电流传感器分别通过第一、第二数据调理单元与数控处理控制单元相连，且第一、第二数据调理单元可以采用由集成运算放大器构成的一定比例的放大器。The ultrasonic sensor and the high-frequency current sensor are respectively connected with the data processing control unit through the corresponding data conditioning unit; that is, the ultrasonic sensor and the high-frequency current sensor are respectively connected with the numerical control processing control unit through the first and second data conditioning units, and the third 1. The second data conditioning unit may use a certain proportion of amplifiers composed of integrated operational amplifiers.

所述数据处理控制单元，包括：The data processing control unit includes:

电容叠加电压计算模块，适于将获得的电压向量分解出基波电压

Figure 431542DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 730806DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，即，所述被测电容两端的叠加电压
Figure 65972DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，即
Figure 529314DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，计算该叠加电压的有效值U，同时计算基波电压的有效值U 0；其中，获得谐波和基波的方法是通过FFT运算得到，该方法在现有技术文献中已有大量描述，例如：李加升、柴世杰2009年9月发表在期刊《电力系统保护与控制》上的论文“电能质量谐波间谐波在线快速检测方法研究”中已有相关描述。Capacitive superposition voltage calculation module, suitable for decomposing the obtained voltage vector into the fundamental voltage
Figure 431542DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 730806DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, that is, the superimposed voltage across the measured capacitor
Figure 65972DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
,Right now
Figure 529314DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, the effective value U of the superimposed voltage is calculated, and the effective value U 0 of the fundamental voltage is calculated at the same time; wherein, the method for obtaining the harmonic and fundamental wave is obtained by FFT operation, and this method has been extensively described in the prior art literature, For example: Li Jiasheng and Chai Shijie published in the journal "Power System Protection and Control" in September 2009, the paper "Research on the Online Rapid Detection Method of Power Quality Inter-harmonic Harmonics" has been described.

电容量计算模块，适于根据预设被测电容类型、额定电容量C 0，通过所述电容声压级数据库获得被测电容与仅有各基波电压的有效值对应的电容声压级

Figure 404866DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
；通过被测电容产生的声音信号，以获得相应电容声压级
Figure 637265DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
，通过公式
Figure 81015DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
，计算出被测电容的实际电容量C x ；其中，所述电容声压级
Figure 766075DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
通过建立电容声压级数据库的方式获得，即该数据库中存储有各类型电容与各基波电压的有效值对应的电容声压级，通过预设输入被测电容的类型，以及计算所得到当前基波电压的有效值，从电容声压级数据库查找得到该电容对应的电容声压级数据；计算相应电容声压级
Figure 445318DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
的方法在论文文献：2010年6月发表于《电子技术学报》的基于振动信号的电容噪声水平计算方法中已被公开。The capacitance calculation module is adapted to obtain the capacitance sound pressure level corresponding to the measured capacitance and only the effective value of each fundamental wave voltage through the capacitance sound pressure level database according to the preset measured capacitance type and rated capacitance C 0 .
Figure 404866DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
; Through the sound signal generated by the measured capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 637265DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, by the formula
Figure 81015DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
, calculate the actual capacitance C x of the capacitor under test; wherein, the sound pressure level of the capacitor
Figure 766075DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Obtained by establishing a capacitor sound pressure level database, that is, the database stores the capacitor sound pressure levels corresponding to various types of capacitors and the effective value of each fundamental wave voltage, input the type of the measured capacitor by default, and calculate the current The effective value of the fundamental voltage is obtained from the capacitor sound pressure level database to obtain the capacitor sound pressure level data corresponding to the capacitor; calculate the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 445318DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The method has been published in the paper document: Calculation Method of Capacitive Noise Level Based on Vibration Signal, published in "Journal of Electronic Technology" in June 2010.

被测电容寿命计算模块，适于根据被测电容的实际电容量C x 和叠加电压的有效值U建立电容量预估公式，即

Figure 532222DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
；其中，C为被测电容损坏时的极限电容值，t为电容损坏预期时间，k为单位时间内被测电容在当前基波电压的有效值U 0下对应的电容量变化系数，即，
Figure 396142DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
，其中C x1和C x2为在当前基波电压的有效值U 0下的单位时间内被测电容的电容量初值和终值；电容量变化系数k可以根据各类型电容在各基波电压的有效值下经过实测建立的电容量变化系数数据库得到，该电容量变化系数数据库根据电容型号和相应基波电压的有效值查找得到该电容对应的电容量变化系数k，其具体获取方法：各种基波电压的有效值下所测量的各类型电容在一段时间内的电容量初值和终值，再换算出一个单位时间内对应的电容量初值和终值，根据预设被测电容的类型，以及计算所得到当前基波电压的有效值，从电容量变化系数数据库中查找的出该电容对应的电容量变化系数k，为了便于计算，设电容在单位时间内的变化量是线性的；且通过所述电容量预估公式推导出电容损坏预期时间t的计算公式，即
Figure 568497DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
，设定所述极限电容值C，以计算出被测电容发生损坏的预期时间。The measured capacitor life calculation module is suitable for establishing a capacitance prediction formula according to the actual capacitance C x of the measured capacitor and the effective value U of the superimposed voltage, namely
Figure 532222DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
; Among them, C is the limit capacitance value when the capacitor under test is damaged, t is the expected time of capacitor damage, and k is the capacitance variation coefficient of the capacitor under test under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage per unit time, that is,
Figure 396142DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
, where C x 1 and C x 2 are the initial and final value of the capacitance of the measured capacitor in unit time under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage; Under the effective value of the wave voltage, the capacitance change coefficient database established by the actual measurement is obtained. The capacitance change coefficient database is obtained according to the capacitor model and the effective value of the corresponding fundamental wave voltage to obtain the capacitance change coefficient k corresponding to the capacitor. The specific acquisition method : The initial and final capacitance values of various types of capacitors within a period of time measured under the RMS values of various fundamental voltages, and then converted to the corresponding initial and final capacitance values per unit time, which are calculated according to the preset values. The type of capacitance measured, and the effective value of the current fundamental voltage obtained by calculation, and the capacitance change coefficient k corresponding to the capacitance is found from the capacitance change coefficient database. is linear; and the calculation formula of the expected time t of capacitor damage is deduced through the capacitance prediction formula, that is,
Figure 568497DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, and set the limit capacitance value C to calculate the expected time when the capacitor under test is damaged.

所述叠加电压

Figure 785852DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
的有效值U计算方法包括：基波电压
Figure 664946DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 512817DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
的有效值平方和的平方根值。所述n次谐波电压分量
Figure 438047DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
中n取5。The superimposed voltage
Figure 785852DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation method of the effective value of U includes: fundamental wave voltage
Figure 664946DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 512817DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The square root value of the sum of the squares of the rms values. The nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 438047DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In n , take 5.

所述数据处理控制单元通过FPGA模块来实现，即，FPGA芯片XC6SLX9-TQG144。The data processing control unit is realized by an FPGA module, that is, an FPGA chip XC6SLX9-TQG144.

表1为实验数据与实测对比结果一，表1的电力电容选用巨华电力电容 BSMJ-0.415-15-3 15Kvar，设定所述极限电容值C为原容量的40%。Table 1 is the comparison result between the experimental data and the actual measurement. The power capacitor in Table 1 uses Juhua power capacitor BSMJ-0.415-15-3 15Kvar, and the limit capacitance value C is set to be 40% of the original capacity.

表1实验数据与实测对照表Table 1 Comparison table of experimental data and actual measurement

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020A

其中，在计算电容量变化系数k时，单位时间为24小时，即在525V基波有效值下，一天的电容变化量经实测为0.08uF。Among them, when calculating the capacitance change coefficient k, the unit time is 24 hours, that is, under the RMS value of the 525V fundamental wave, the capacitance change in one day is measured as 0.08uF.

表2为实验数据与实测对比结果二，表2的电力电容选用上海威斯康电力电容BSMJ0.4-15-3和电容BSMJ 0.45-15-3，设定所述极限电容值C为原容量的40%。Table 2 is the comparison result between the experimental data and the actual measurement. The power capacitor in Table 2 selects Shanghai Wiscon Power capacitor BSMJ0.4-15-3 and capacitor BSMJ 0.45-15-3, and sets the limit capacitance value C as the original capacity 40%.

表2实验数据与实测对照表Table 2 Comparison table between experimental data and actual measurement

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022A

其中，在计算电容量变化系数k时，单位时间为24小时，即在450V基波有效值下，一天的电容变化量经实测为0.12uF；或在415V基波有效值下，一天的电容变化量经过实测为0.11uF。Among them, when calculating the capacitance change coefficient k, the unit time is 24 hours, that is, under the RMS value of 450V fundamental wave, the capacitance change in one day is measured as 0.12uF; or under the RMS value of 415V fundamental wave, the capacitance change in one day The measured amount is 0.11uF.

表3为实验数据与实测对比结果三，表3的电力电容选用德力西自愈式低压电容器并联电力电容器 BSMJS0.4 20-3 BSMJ，设定所述极限电容值C为原容量的40%。Table 3 is the comparison result between the experimental data and the actual measurement. The power capacitor in Table 3 selects the Delixi self-healing low-voltage capacitor in parallel with the power capacitor BSMJS0.4 20-3 BSMJ, and the limit capacitance value C is set to be 40% of the original capacity. .

表3实验数据与实测对照表Table 3 Comparison table between experimental data and actual measurement

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024A

其中，在计算电容量变化系数k时，单位时间为24小时，即在380V基波有效值下，一天的电容变化量经实测为0.063uF。Among them, when calculating the capacitance change coefficient k, the unit time is 24 hours, that is, under the RMS value of 380V fundamental wave, the capacitance change in one day is measured as 0.063uF.

本发明中基波有效值也可以认为是理想状态下的电压有效值。In the present invention, the fundamental wave effective value can also be regarded as the voltage effective value in an ideal state.

从表1至表3可以看出，本发明的电容在线检测预估电容剩余时间是切实有效的，具有准确性高的特点，在接近电容实际电容量接近电容损坏时的极限电容值C时，所结算的结果越接近实测结果。因此，本实验装置能完成必要的电容在线检测实验，其数据具有很高的参考价值；学生通过电容测试单元可以对电力电容的使用有很深刻的了解，丰富了风光互补仿真实验的科目。It can be seen from Table 1 to Table 3 that the capacitance online detection and estimation of the remaining time of the capacitance of the present invention is practical and effective, and has the characteristics of high accuracy. When the actual capacitance of the capacitor is close to the limit capacitance value C when the capacitor is damaged, The settled result is closer to the measured result. Therefore, this experimental device can complete the necessary capacitance online detection experiments, and its data has high reference value; students can have a deep understanding of the use of power capacitors through the capacitance test unit, which enriches the subjects of wind-solar hybrid simulation experiments.

实施例3Example 3

如图3所示，在实施例2基础上，提供了一种风光互补仿真实验装置的工作方法，其中，所述风光互补仿真实验装置还包括：用于进行电容在线检测实验的电容测试单元，所述电容测试单元的工作方法包括如下步骤：As shown in FIG. 3 , on the basis of Embodiment 2, a working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device is provided, wherein the wind-solar hybrid simulation experimental device further includes: a capacitance test unit for conducting an on-line capacitance detection experiment, The working method of the capacitance testing unit includes the following steps:

步骤S100，获得被测电容两端的叠加电压、基波电压的有效值。Step S100, obtaining the effective value of the superimposed voltage and the fundamental voltage across the capacitor under test.

采集被测电容两端的电压向量，并将该电压向量分解出基波电压

Figure 367083DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 163000DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，即，所述被测电容两端的叠加电压
Figure 244089DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，即
Figure 391036DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
，计算该叠加电压的有效值U，同时计算基波电压的有效值U0；其中，获得谐波和基波的方法是通过FFT运算得到，该方法在现有技术文献中已有大量描述，例如：李加升、柴世杰2009年9月发表在期刊《电力系统保护与控制》上的论文“电能质量谐波间谐波在线快速检测方法研究”中已有相关描述。本发明中电容为电力电容。Collect the voltage vector across the capacitor under test, and decompose the voltage vector into the fundamental voltage
Figure 367083DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 163000DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, that is, the superimposed voltage across the measured capacitor
Figure 244089DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
,Right now
Figure 391036DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
, the effective value U of the superimposed voltage is calculated, and the effective value U 0 of the fundamental voltage is calculated at the same time; wherein, the method for obtaining the harmonic and fundamental wave is obtained by FFT operation, and this method has been extensively described in the prior art literature, For example: Li Jiasheng and Chai Shijie published in the journal "Power System Protection and Control" in September 2009, the paper "Research on the Online Rapid Detection Method of Power Quality Inter-harmonic Harmonics" has been described. In the present invention, the capacitor is a power capacitor.

步骤S200，获得被测电容的实际电容量。In step S200, the actual capacitance of the measured capacitor is obtained.

建立电容声压级数据库，该数据库中包括：各类型电容在仅有各基波电压的有效值所分别对应的电容声压级。A capacitor sound pressure level database is established, and the database includes: the capacitor sound pressure levels corresponding to each type of capacitor with only the effective value of each fundamental voltage.

预设被测电容类型、额定电容量C 0，通过所述电容声压级数据库获得被测电容在当前基波电压的有效值U 0下对应的电容声压级

Figure 91139DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；采集被测电容产生的声音信号，以获得相应电容声压级
Figure 7142DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，通过公式
Figure 993553DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
，计算出被测电容的实际电容量C x ；其中，所述电容声压级
Figure 893376DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
通过建立电容声压级数据库的方式获得，即该数据库中存储有各类型电容与仅有各基波电压的有效值对应的电容声压级，通过预设输入被测电容的类型，以及计算所得到当前基波电压的有效值，从电容声压级数据库查找得到该电容对应的电容声压级数据；其中，仅有各基波电压指的是无谐波电压；计算相应电容声压级
Figure 193907DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
的方法在论文文献：2010年6月发表于《电子技术学报》的基于振动信号的电容噪声水平计算方法中已被公开。Preset the measured capacitor type and rated capacitance C 0 , and obtain the capacitor sound pressure level corresponding to the measured capacitor under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage through the capacitor sound pressure level database
Figure 91139DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
; Collect the sound signal generated by the measured capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 7142DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
, by the formula
Figure 993553DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
, calculate the actual capacitance C x of the capacitor under test; wherein, the sound pressure level of the capacitor
Figure 893376DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
It is obtained by establishing a capacitor sound pressure level database, that is, the database stores the capacitor sound pressure levels corresponding to various types of capacitors and only the effective value of each fundamental wave voltage. Obtain the effective value of the current fundamental wave voltage, and find the capacitor sound pressure level data corresponding to the capacitor from the capacitor sound pressure level database; among them, only the fundamental wave voltage refers to the non-harmonic voltage; calculate the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure 193907DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The method has been published in the paper document: Calculation Method of Capacitive Noise Level Based on Vibration Signal, published in "Journal of Electronic Technology" in June 2010.

步骤S300，通过建立电容量预估公式，计算出被测电容发生损坏的预期时间。Step S300, by establishing a capacitance estimation formula, calculate the expected time when the capacitor under test is damaged.

步骤S310，建立电容量预估公式及电容量变化系数k计算公式。Step S310, establishing a capacitance estimation formula and a calculation formula for the capacitance variation coefficient k.

根据被测电容的实际电容量C x 和叠加电压的有效值U建立电容量预估公式，即

Figure 416947DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
；其中，C为被测电容损坏时的极限电容值，t为电容损坏预期时间，k为单位时间内被测电容在当前基波电压的有效值U 0下对应的电容量变化系数，即，
Figure 511942DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
，C x1和C x2为在当前基波电压的有效值U 0下的单位时间内被测电容的电容量初值和终值；电容量变化系数k可以根据各类型电容与仅有各基波电压的有效值经过实测建立的电容量变化系数数据库得到，该电容量变化系数数据库根据电容型号和相应基波电压的有效值查找得到该电容对应的电容量变化系数k，其具体获取方法：各种基波电压的有效值下所测量的各类型电容在一段时间内的电容量初值和终值，再换算出一个单位时间内对应的电容量初值和终值，根据预设被测电容的类型，以及计算所得到当前基波电压的有效值，从电容量变化系数数据库中查找的出该电容对应的电容量变化系数k，为了便于计算，设电容在单位时间内的变化量是线性的。According to the actual capacitance C x of the measured capacitor and the effective value U of the superimposed voltage, a capacitance prediction formula is established, that is,
Figure 416947DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
; Among them, C is the limit capacitance value when the capacitor under test is damaged, t is the expected time of capacitor damage, and k is the capacitance variation coefficient of the capacitor under test under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage per unit time, that is,
Figure 511942DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
, C x 1 and C x 2 are the initial value and final value of the capacitance of the measured capacitor in unit time under the effective value U 0 of the current fundamental voltage; The effective value of the fundamental wave voltage is obtained through the capacitance variation coefficient database established by actual measurement. The capacitance variation coefficient database is searched according to the capacitor model and the effective value of the corresponding fundamental wave voltage to obtain the capacitance variation coefficient k corresponding to the capacitor. The specific acquisition method : The initial and final capacitance values of various types of capacitors within a period of time measured under the RMS values of various fundamental voltages, and then converted to the corresponding initial and final capacitance values per unit time, which are calculated according to the preset values. The type of capacitance measured, and the effective value of the current fundamental voltage obtained by calculation, and the capacitance change coefficient k corresponding to the capacitance is found from the capacitance change coefficient database. is linear.

步骤S320，计算出被测电容发生损坏的预期时间。Step S320, calculating the expected time when the capacitor under test is damaged.

通过所述电容量预估公式推导出电容损坏预期时间t的计算公式，即

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
，设定所述极限电容值C，以计算出被测电容发生损坏的预期时间，即被测电容的使用寿命；其中，极限电容值C由人为设定，也为电容量发出警告的阈值，便于对电容进行在线评估。The calculation formula for the expected time t of capacitor damage is derived from the capacitance estimation formula, that is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
, set the limit capacitance value C to calculate the expected time when the capacitor under test is damaged, that is, the service life of the capacitor under test; wherein, the limit capacitance value C is manually set, and is also the threshold value for the capacitance to issue a warning, Facilitates online evaluation of capacitance.

进一步，所述叠加电压的有效值U通过基波电压

Figure 102323DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
和n次谐波电压分量
Figure 472125DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
的有效值平方和的平方根值获得。Further, the effective value U of the superimposed voltage passes through the fundamental voltage
Figure 102323DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
and the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure 472125DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
The square root value of the rms sum of squares is obtained.

进一步，考虑到谐波能量分布，所述n次谐波电压分量

Figure 97141DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
中n取5。Further, considering the harmonic energy distribution, the n -th harmonic voltage component
Figure 97141DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
In n , take 5.

应当理解的是，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本发明的原理，而不构成对本发明的限制。因此，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。此外，本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、或者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。It should be understood that the above-mentioned specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principle of the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims of this invention are intended to cover all changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims (1)

1. A working method of a wind-solar hybrid simulation experiment device is characterized in that the wind-solar hybrid simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a photovoltaic power generation experimental unit, a wind power generation experimental unit and an off-grid inversion module connected with a storage battery;
the photovoltaic power generation experimental unit comprises: the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter module, the direct current switch module and the photovoltaic module;
the wind power generation experiment unit comprises: the system comprises a wind driven generator module, a main transformer module and a filtering compensation device module;
the working method comprises the following steps: during the experiment, each lead is respectively inserted into the input and output holes near each module so as to connect the input end and the output end of the corresponding module;
the wind-solar hybrid simulation experiment device further comprises: a capacitance testing unit for carrying out capacitance on-line detection experiments,
the capacitance test unit includes:
the ultrasonic sensor is used for collecting the sound signal generated by the measured capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level Lpx；
The high-frequency current sensor is used for collecting voltage vectors at two ends of the capacitor;
the ultrasonic sensor and the high-frequency current sensor are respectively connected with the data processing control unit through the corresponding data conditioning unit;
the working method of the capacitance testing unit comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting voltage vectors at two ends of the measured capacitor, and decomposing the voltage vectors into fundamental wave voltage u0(t) and nth harmonic voltage components
Figure FDA0002213830390000013
The superposed voltage u (t) at the two ends of the capacitor to be measured can be obtained, namely
Figure FDA0002213830390000014
Then, the effective value U of the superimposed voltage and the effective value U of the fundamental voltage are calculated0；
Step two: establishing a capacitance sound pressure level database, wherein the database comprises: the sound pressure level of each type of capacitor corresponding to the effective value of only the fundamental voltage;
presetting the type of the capacitor to be measured and the rated capacitance C0According to the type of the measured capacitor and the current effective value U of the fundamental voltage0Obtaining a corresponding capacitance sound pressure level from the database of capacitance sound pressure levels
Figure FDA0002213830390000015
Collecting sound signals generated by the tested capacitor to obtain the corresponding capacitor sound pressure level
Figure FDA0002213830390000016
By the formula
Figure FDA0002213830390000011
Calculating the actual capacitance C of the measured capacitorx；
Step three: according to the actual capacitance C of the measured capacitorxEstablishing a capacitance estimation formula with the effective value U of the superposed voltage, namely C ═ Cx-kUt; wherein, C is the limit capacitance value when the measured capacitor is damaged, t is the expected time of the capacitor damage, and k is the effective value U of the measured capacitor at the current fundamental voltage in unit time0The lower corresponding coefficient of change in capacitance, i.e.,
Figure FDA0002213830390000012
wherein, Cx1And Cx2The initial value and the final value of the capacitance of the measured capacitor in unit time are shown;
setting the limit capacitance value C, and deducing a calculation formula of the expected time t of the capacitor damage through the capacitance estimation formula, namely
Figure FDA0002213830390000021
To calculate the expected time of the damage of the tested capacitor; the effective value U of the superimposed voltage is obtained by the fundamental voltage U0(t) and nth harmonic voltage components
Figure FDA0002213830390000022
Obtaining a square root value of the sum of squares of the effective values;
the nth harmonic voltage component
Figure FDA0002213830390000023
Wherein n is 5.
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