CN107947232B - Synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method belongs to the field of power system automation. Including a plurality of distributed power sources, the input of inverter is connected to distributed power source's output, and the output of inverter is gone into in the little electric wire netting, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step 1, a synchronous signal unit receives a satellite time service signal; step 2, the current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter; step 3, the inverter outputs an alternating current signal; the inverter automatically adjusts the output, so that the voltage amplitude output by the output end of the inverter meets the requirement of a power grid. In the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control method, the pulse signals sent by the synchronous signal unit are combined with the characteristic that the inverter can generate alternating current with independently controlled frequency and phase, so that the output of all distributed power supplies in the microgrid is actively regulated and controlled in the same time reference system, and the problems of power oscillation and stability caused by the traditional alternating current power grid frequency control method are solved.
Description
Technical Field
A synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method belongs to the field of power system automation.
Background
The micro-grid is an effective mode for efficiently utilizing distributed renewable energy, and the combination of the micro-grid and a large grid is a development direction of a future power system. The micro-grid has two operation modes of grid connection and grid disconnection (island), and when a large grid fails, the micro-grid operates in the island mode, so that reliable power supply of users can be guaranteed. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in a microgrid are generally accessed through a power electronic inverter, wherein the capacity of intermittent power sources such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and the like has a high occupation ratio, and the power electronic inverter is limited by investment and operation and maintenance cost, so that the microgrid often lacks good communication conditions and also does not have a perfect operation monitoring and Energy management system, and the microgrid is not suitable for carrying operation control and protection methods of a large power grid.
At present, a microgrid in an island operation mode mainly has the following three operation control methods:
(1) the master-slave control method is a control method which is applied to more actual micro-grid engineering at present. The main control power supply adopts a voltage frequency (V/f) control mode to provide voltage and frequency support for the system; other DERs employ power (P/Q) control to provide power support for the system. The master-slave control method is simple, but the capacity of the master control power supply is required to be large enough to support the frequency and the voltage of the microgrid, and once the master control power supply quits operation due to reasons such as faults, the whole microgrid loses the frequency and voltage support and cannot maintain normal operation.
(2) The peer-to-peer control method is a research hotspot of the existing microgrid control method. The equal positions of the DER which is controlled by the same peer in the microgrid are adopted, the droop characteristics of active power/frequency (P/f) and reactive power/voltage (Q/U) of the large power grid are simulated according to the local voltage and system frequency information of the access point, the output power of the inverter is controlled, and the system frequency and the system voltage are maintained within a qualified range. The peer-to-peer control method has the advantages that communication connection does not need to be established between the DER, and plug and play of the DER can be realized; the main defects are that the control method is complex, the inherent frequency and voltage stability problem exists in a large power grid, the R/X ratio of a distribution line is high, the active and reactive decoupling control law in the large power grid is not satisfied any more, and the droop control effect of the large power grid is difficult to achieve completely.
(3) The hierarchical control method adopts a two-layer structure of central control and local control, the local control generally adopts a droop control strategy, and the active and reactive outputs of DER are optimized through the central control, so that the stability of the system frequency and voltage is realized. The hierarchical control effect is good, the optimization and efficient operation of the microgrid can be realized, but the control system and the realization method are complex, the requirement on a communication system is high, and the risk of stable damage of frequency and voltage still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control method overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control method which enables the output of all distributed power supplies in a microgrid to be actively regulated and controlled in the same time reference system by combining the characteristics that an inverter can generate alternating current with independently controlled frequency and phase, so that the control of the microgrid is converted into a single voltage control problem, simplifies the operation control method, and overcomes the problems of power oscillation and stability caused by the traditional alternating current power grid frequency control method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method comprises a plurality of distributed power supplies, wherein the output ends of the distributed power supplies are connected with the input end of an inverter, and the output end of the inverter is connected into a micro-grid, and the synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the synchronous signal unit receives a pulse per second signal of the satellite time service signal, and the pulse per second signal is sent into the current control unit;
the current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter by combining the second pulse signal, and the second pulse signal of the time service satellite is used for synchronizing the clock in the inverter;
step 3, the inverter outputs an alternating current signal;
the inverter converts direct current generated by the distributed power supply into sine wave alternating current with zero phase and 50Hz frequency, and the alternating current is merged into the microgrid;
step 4, the inverter automatically adjusts the output, so that the voltage amplitude output by the output end of the inverter meets the requirement of a power grid;
according to the voltage amplitude of the grid-connected point of the distributed power supply and the power grid, each inverter adjusts the magnitude of the alternating current output by the inverter, so that the voltage output by the output end is 1.1U at the upper limit value of the voltage meeting the standard requirementNWith a lower limit of 0.97UNBetween UNThe standard rated voltage of the power grid.
Preferably, the pulse per second signal is a satellite time service 1PPS pulse per second signal.
Preferably, the inverter distributes the inverter output current by capacity using a current-voltage droop control characteristic.
The utility model provides a little electric wire netting operation control system of synchronous fixed frequency which characterized in that: the satellite time service system is provided with current control units which correspond to the inverters one by one, the input end of each current control unit is connected into a synchronous signal unit, a satellite time service signal is connected into the synchronous signal unit, and the output end of each current control unit is connected into the control signal input end of the inverter.
Preferably, the synchronous signal unit comprises a high-precision crystal oscillator, a phase synchronization module and a backup synchronization module, the self-synchronizing signal and the satellite time service signal are simultaneously accessed to the backup synchronization signal module, the satellite time service signal and the high-precision crystal oscillator are simultaneously accessed to the phase synchronization module, the output end of the backup synchronization signal module is accessed to the phase synchronization module, and the output end of the phase synchronization module is connected to the input end of the current control unit.
Preferably, the self-synchronizing signal is a low-frequency component of a waveform, an amplitude and a frequency superimposed on a load current of any one inverter in the microgrid.
Preferably, a compensation capacitor is provided for supplying reactive power to the inductive load, the compensation capacitor being switched into the microgrid by means of a switch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method, through pulse signals sent by the synchronous signal unit, and by combining the characteristic that the inverter can generate alternating current with independently controlled frequency and phase, the inverter converts direct current generated by the distributed power supply into sine wave alternating current with zero phase and 50Hz frequency, and then the amplitude of the output current of the inverter is adjusted according to the voltage amplitude of the grid connection point of the distributed power supply and the power grid, so that the voltage amplitude output by the output end of the distributed power supply is qualified. The output of all distributed power supplies in the micro-grid is actively adjusted and controlled in the same time reference system, so that the control of the micro-grid is converted into a single voltage control problem, an operation control method is simplified, the problems of power oscillation and stability caused by the traditional alternating current grid frequency control method are solved, and the fundamental change of the alternating current grid operation control method is realized.
By providing a compensation capacitor, the phase of the grid voltage will be shifted with respect to the 1PPS pulse by an angle equal to the load impedance angle θ when there is an inductive component in the load current. Since the phase angle difference θ exists between the inverter output current and the grid voltage, in this case, the inverter supplies reactive power required by the load in addition to active power, so that the output power factor is less than 1, and the capacity of the inverter cannot be fully utilized. At this time, a reactive compensation capacitor C connected in parallel with the load is put in to provide all reactive capacity required by the load, and then the voltage phase of the power grid returns to zero, so that the inverter only outputs active power, and the power factor reaches 1.
The phase synchronization module receives a satellite time signal and an output signal of the high-precision crystal oscillator, generates a phase synchronization pulse with fixed frequency (50Hz) and is used as a current phase reference signal of an inverter for generating synchronous fixed frequency, and when the satellite time signal fails in a short time, the time precision of the phase synchronization pulse is ensured by depending on the time keeping function of the high-precision crystal oscillator. When the satellite time service signal fails for a long time, a preselection appointed inverter is utilized to superpose low-frequency components with proper waveform, amplitude and frequency in normal load current to serve as self-synchronizing signals, and current phase reference signals are provided for all inverters. Therefore, when the satellite time service signal provided by the time service satellite cannot be provided normally, the current phase reference signal is provided for all the inverters.
The droop curve is established according to the static characteristics during normal operation, and a three-point segmentation mode is adopted, namely a maximum allowable voltage (corresponding to the minimum output current), a rated working point (corresponding to the rated voltage and the rated current) and a maximum current limiting point (corresponding to the minimum allowable voltage and the maximum output current). On the basis, the influence of line impedance is considered, the droop coefficient is further optimized in a cooperative mode by utilizing the local load proportion of each adjusting power supply, the line loss is reduced, and the purposes that the local power supply has more output and the remote power supply has less output are achieved by utilizing the droop curve control characteristic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronous signal unit of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system double-inverter microgrid system.
Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of reactive compensation control of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of droop control characteristics of a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution circuit of the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system considering line impedance.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 to 8 are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
As shown in fig. 1, a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control method includes a synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system, where the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid operation control system includes a synchronous signal unit, a current control unit and an inverter, a synchronous time signal output by the synchronous signal unit is sent to the current control unit, and an output end of the current control unit is connected to a control signal input end of the inverter.
Under normal conditions, a synchronous signal unit receives a second pulse signal of 1PPS (pulse per second) sent by a satellite through a satellite time service signal (such as GPS (global positioning system), Beidou and the like), the second pulse signal is sent into a current control unit, the current control unit sends a control signal to an inverter by combining the second pulse signal, the clock in the inverter is synchronized by utilizing the second pulse signal of the time service satellite, and the characteristic that the inverter in the prior art can generate alternating current with independently controlled frequency and phase is utilized, so that the inverter converts direct current generated by a distributed power supply into sine wave alternating current with zero phase and 50Hz frequency, then the amplitude of the output current of the inverter is adjusted according to the voltage amplitude of a grid connection point of the distributed power supply and a power grid, and the voltage amplitude output by the output end.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, taking a pure resistive load microgrid composed of two sets of inverters as an example, inverter INV1 and inverter INV2 simultaneously receive a time synchronization signal of 1PPS, and then output a controlled current with a zero phase (1 PPS) and a frequency of 50Hz
And
controlled current
And
under a load ZLVoltage generated at
Comprises the following steps:
from equation (1) above, if there is an inductive component in the load current, the phase of the grid voltage will be shifted with respect to the 1PPS pulse by an angle equal to the load impedance angle θ. Since the phase angle difference θ exists between the inverter output current and the grid voltage, in this case, the inverter supplies reactive power required by the load in addition to active power, so that the output power factor is less than 1, and the capacity of the inverter cannot be fully utilized. At this time, the reactive compensation capacitor C connected in parallel with the load is put in, and as shown in fig. 5, when the reactive compensation capacitor C provides all the reactive capacity required by the load, the phase of the grid voltage is returned to zero, so that the inverter outputs only the active power, and the power factor reaches 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the synchronization signal unit includes a high-precision crystal oscillator, a phase synchronization module, and a backup synchronization module, the self-synchronization signal and the satellite time signal are simultaneously connected to the backup synchronization signal module, the satellite time signal and the high-precision crystal oscillator are simultaneously connected to the phase synchronization module, and an output end of the backup synchronization signal module is connected to the phase synchronization module.
The phase synchronization module receives a satellite time signal and an output signal of the high-precision crystal oscillator, generates a phase synchronization pulse with fixed frequency (50Hz) and is used as a current phase reference signal of an inverter for generating synchronous fixed frequency, and when the satellite time signal fails in a short time, the time precision of the phase synchronization pulse is ensured by depending on the time keeping function of the high-precision crystal oscillator. When the satellite time service signal fails for a long time, a preselection appointed inverter is utilized to superpose low-frequency components with proper waveform, amplitude and frequency in normal load current to serve as self-synchronizing signals, and current phase reference signals are provided for all inverters. Therefore, when the satellite time service signal provided by the time service satellite cannot be provided normally, the current phase reference signal is provided for all the inverters.
Referring to fig. 3-4 together with fig. 6, the power grid voltage U is limited up and down according to the standard voltageH(1.1UN) And UL(0.97UN) When the output current of the inverter is changed between zero value and the maximum allowable output value Imax(1.3IN) To change between. Assuming that the sum of the rated power of the two inverters is the same as the rated power of the load, the output current of the two inverters reaches the rated value when the load is rated, and the power gridThe voltage U reaching a rated value UNIf the load power is reduced by half (the resistance is doubled), the output current of the two inverters is reduced to about 0.5 times the rated current, and the grid voltage is increased by about 1.05 times the rated voltage.
As can be seen from the above, the droop curve is formulated according to the static characteristics during normal operation, and a three-point segmentation manner is adopted, that is, the maximum allowable voltage (corresponding to the minimum output current), the rated operating point (corresponding to the rated voltage and the rated current), and the maximum current limiting point (corresponding to the minimum allowable voltage and the maximum output current). On the basis, considering the influence of line impedance, the droop coefficient is further cooperatively optimized by utilizing the local load proportion of each adjusting power supply to reduce the line loss, as shown in figure 7, and the load ZLAt increased time, voltage U2Reduced, far-end adjustable power supply due to line impedance effects
Power supply with voltage variation smaller than local adjustable
The control characteristic of the droop curve is utilized to achieve the purposes of more output of the local power supply and less output of the remote power supply.
The specific working process and working principle are as follows:
a synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method comprises the following steps:
Under normal conditions, the synchronous signal unit receives a pulse per second signal of 1PPS (pulse per second) sent by the synchronous signal unit through a satellite time service signal (such as GPS (global positioning system), Beidou and the like), and the pulse per second signal is sent into the current control unit.
And 2, the current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter.
The current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter by combining the second pulse signal, and the clock in the inverter is synchronized by using the second pulse signal of the time service satellite.
And 3, outputting the alternating current signal by the inverter.
The inverter in the prior art is used for converting direct current generated by the distributed power supply into sine wave alternating current with zero phase and 50Hz frequency by utilizing the characteristic that the inverter can generate alternating current with independently controlled frequency and phase.
Step 4, the inverter automatically adjusts the output, so that the voltage amplitude output by the output end of the inverter meets the requirement of a power grid;
according to the voltage amplitude of the grid-connected point of the distributed power supply and the power grid, each inverter adjusts the magnitude of the alternating current output by the inverter, so that the voltage output by the output end is 1.1U at the upper limit value of the voltage meeting the standard requirementNWith a lower limit of 0.97UNBetween UNThe standard rated voltage of the power grid.
And the output of all distributed power supplies is actively regulated and controlled in the same time reference system by utilizing satellite time service signals, so that the control of the microgrid is converted into a single voltage control problem. Therefore, the synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method simplifies the operation control method, overcomes the problems of power oscillation and stability caused by the traditional alternating-current grid frequency control method, and realizes the fundamental change of the alternating-current grid operation control method.
The ac power produces a load voltage U on the load, and if there is an inductive component in the load current, the phase of the grid voltage will be offset from the 1PPS pulse by an angle equal to the load impedance angle θ. The phase angle difference theta also exists between the output current of the inverter and the grid voltage, so that in this case, the inverter provides active power and reactive power required by the load to make the output power factor of the inverter smaller than 1, and at the moment, a reactive compensation capacitor C connected with the load in parallel is put into the inverter to make the inverter provide all reactive capacity required by the load, so that the phase of the grid voltage returns to zero, and the inverter only outputs the active power, and the power factor reaches 1.
The inverters adopt the same current-voltage (I-U) droop control characteristic, and the power grid voltage U is limited at the upper and lower parts which meet the standard required voltageH(1.1UN) And UL(0.97UN) When the output current of the inverter is changed between zero value and the maximum allowable output value Imax(1.3IN) In-line with the aboveThe output current of the inverter can be distributed according to the capacity by the current-voltage (I-U) droop control, and the reactive current in the load is compensated in situ by adopting a reactive compensation capacitor, so that the output power factor of the inverter reaches 1.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control method comprises a plurality of distributed power supplies, wherein the output end of each distributed power supply is connected with the input end of an inverter, and the output ends of all inverters are connected into a micro-grid respectively, and is characterized in that: the satellite timing system comprises a synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control system, wherein current control units which correspond to inverters one by one are arranged in the synchronous fixed-frequency micro-grid operation control system, the input end of each current control unit is connected with a synchronous signal unit, a satellite timing signal is connected into the synchronous signal unit, and the output end of each current control unit is connected with the control signal input end of the inverter;
the synchronous signal unit comprises a high-precision crystal oscillator, a phase synchronization module and a backup synchronization module, wherein a self-synchronizing signal and the satellite time service signal are simultaneously accessed into the backup synchronization signal module, the satellite time service signal and the high-precision crystal oscillator are simultaneously accessed into the phase synchronization module, the output end of the backup synchronization signal module is accessed into the phase synchronization module, and the output end of the phase synchronization module is connected with the input end of the current control unit;
the phase synchronization module receives a satellite time service signal and an output signal of the high-precision crystal oscillator, generates a phase synchronization pulse with a fixed frequency of 50Hz, and is used as a current phase reference signal of an inverter for generating a synchronous fixed frequency; or the self-synchronizing signal is utilized to provide current phase reference signals for all inverters;
the self-synchronizing signal is a low-frequency component of a superposed waveform, an amplitude and a frequency of any one inverter in the microgrid in a load current;
also comprises the following steps:
step 1, a synchronous signal unit receives a satellite time service signal;
the synchronous signal unit receives a pulse per second signal of the satellite time service signal, and the pulse per second signal is sent into the current control unit;
step 2, the current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter;
the current control unit sends a control signal to the inverter by combining the second pulse signal, and the second pulse signal of the time service satellite is used for synchronizing the clock in the inverter;
step 3, the inverter outputs an alternating current signal;
the inverter converts direct current generated by the distributed power supply into sine wave alternating current with zero phase and 50Hz frequency, and the alternating current is merged into the microgrid;
step 4, the inverter automatically adjusts the output, so that the voltage amplitude output by the output end of the inverter meets the requirement of a power grid;
according to the voltage amplitude of the grid-connected point of the distributed power supply and the power grid, each inverter adjusts the magnitude of the alternating current output by the inverter, so that the voltage output by the output end is 1.1 of the upper limit value of the voltage meeting the standard requirementU N With a lower limit of 0.97U N In the above-mentioned manner,U N the standard rated voltage of the power grid.
2. The operation control method of the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pulse per second signal is a satellite time service 1PPS pulse per second signal.
3. The operation control method of the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inverter distributes the output current of the inverter according to the capacity by utilizing the current-voltage droop control characteristic.
4. The operation control method of the synchronous fixed-frequency microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: a compensation capacitor for providing reactive power to the inductive load is also provided, and the compensation capacitor is connected into the microgrid through a switch.
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| CN109950932A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-28 | 长沙学院 | A kind of simple distributed inverter and in conjunction with phase control device |
| CN113315177B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-08-09 | 山东大学 | Distributed cooperative control method and system based on GPS synchronization |
| CN114513011B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-08-30 | 西南交通大学 | Grid-connected control method of flexible traction power supply system based on satellite communication mode |
| CN115603345B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-02-02 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Satellite time service synchronization-based collaborative autonomous method for source and storage of distribution station |
| CN116937671B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2024-04-09 | 长沙理工大学 | Constant frequency distributed control method for island alternating-current micro-grid |
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